1
|
Hasegawa H, Matsuda A, Morishita T, Madsen LB, Jensen F, Tolstikhin OI, Hishikawa A. Dissociative ionization and Coulomb explosion of CH 4 in two-color asymmetric intense laser fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25408-25419. [PMID: 37706318 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02337k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Directional fragment ejection from a tetrahedral molecule CH4 in linearly polarized two-color (ω and 2ω) asymmetric intense laser fields (50 fs, 1.4 × 1014 W cm-2, 800 nm and 400 nm) has been studied by three-dimensional ion coincidence momentum imaging. The H+ fragment produced from dissociative ionization, CH4 → H+ + CH3 + e-, is preferentially ejected on the larger amplitude side of the laser electric fields. Comparison with theoretical predictions by weak-field asymptotic theory shows that the observed asymmetry can be understood by the orientation selective tunneling ionization from the triply degenerated highest occupied molecular orbital (1t2) of CH4. A similar directional ejection of H+ was also observed for the low kinetic energy components of the two-body Coulomb explosion, CH4 → H+ + CH3+ + 2e-. On the other hand, the fragment ejection in the opposite direction were observed for the high energy component, as well as H2+ produced from the Coulomb explosion CH4 → H2+ + CH2+ + 2e-. Possible origins of the characteristic fragmentation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.
| | - A Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.
| | - T Morishita
- Institute for Advanced Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - L B Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - O I Tolstikhin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - A Hishikawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kronborg-White S, Bendstrup E, Madsen LB, Rasmussen F, Poletti V. Association between Parenchymal B-Cell Follicles and CT-Proven Enlarged Mediastinal Lymph Nodes in Patients with Pulmonary Fibrosis. Respiration 2023; 102:515-522. [PMID: 37290416 DOI: 10.1159/000530474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mediastinal lymph node enlargement (MLNE) is a finding described in a subset of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) and is associated with accelerated disease progression and increased mortality. The cause of MLNE is still not known. Our hypothesis is that there is an association between MLNE and B-cell follicles in lung tissue, another aspect detectable in the lung tissue of patients with IPF and other ILDs. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess if there is an association between MLNE and B-cell follicles in lung tissue in patients with IPF and other ILDs. METHOD Patients having transbronchial cryobiopsies performed as part of an investigation for ILD were included in this prospective observational study. MLNE (smallest diameter ≥10 mm) were assessed in station 7, 4R, and 4L on high-resolution computed tomography scans. B-cell follicles were assessed on haematoxylin-eosin-stained specimens. Lung function, 6-minute walk test, acute exacerbation, and mortality were registered after 2 years. In addition, we investigated if the finding of B-cell follicles was consistent in patients who underwent both surgical lung biopsies (SLBs) and cryobiopsies. RESULTS In total, 93 patients were included for analysis (46% diagnosed with IPF, 54% diagnosed with other ILDs). MLNE was found in 26 (60%) of the IPF patients and in 23 (46%) of the non-IPF patients (p = 0.164). Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was significantly lower (p = 0.03) in patients with MLNE compared to patients without MLNE. B-cell follicles were found in 11 (26%) of the IPF patients and in 22 (44%) of the non-IPF patients (p = 0.064). Germinal centres were not seen in any of the patients. There was no association between MLNE and B-cell follicles (p = 0.057). No significant difference in change of pulmonary function test was seen at 2-year follow-up when comparing the patients with and without MLNE or B-cell follicles. In 13 patients, both SLBs and cryobiopsies were performed. The presence of B-cell follicles was not consistent when comparing the two different methods. CONCLUSION MLNE is evident in a substantial part of patients with ILD and is associated with lower DLCO at inclusion. We could not demonstrate an association between histological B-cell follicles in biopsies and MLNE. A possible explanation for this is that the cryobiopsies might not have captured the changes we sought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sissel Kronborg-White
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Bendstrup
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Venerino Poletti
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of the Diseases of the Thorax, Ospedale Morgagni, Forli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kronborg-White S, Bendstrup E, Gori L, Luzzi V, Madsen LB, Poletti V, Rasmussen TR, Trigiani M, Vezzosi S, Tomassetti S. A pilot study on the use of the super dimension navigation system for optimal cryobiopsy location in interstitial lung disease diagnostics. Pulmonology 2023; 29:119-123. [PMID: 34526242 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transbronchial cryobiopsies has become increasingly important in the diagnostic workup for interstitial lung diseases. The rate of complications and mortality are low compared to surgical lung biopsies, but the diagnostic yield is not as high. The reason for the lower diagnostic yield could in some cases be explained by biopsies taken too centrally or in less affected areas. In this pilot study we examined the feasibility of using the electromagnetic navigation system, superDimension (SD), when performing cryobiopsies to increase the diagnostic yield. METHODS Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy and cryobiopsies were performed using SD. An electromagnetic board placed on the back of the patient and a position sensor at the tip of the navigational probe created a real-time 3D reconstruction of previously acquired computer tomography images. The procedure was performed with the patients in general anesthesia using a rigid bronchoscope when performed in Florence and with a flexible bronchoscope through an orotracheal tube when performed in Aarhus. RESULTS In total, 18 patients were included. Five patients were excluded, partly due to technical difficulties. Disposable 1.7 mm cryoprobes were used in Aarhus, and reusable 1.9 mm probes in Florence. Pneumothorax was detected in three (23%), mild hemorrhage was seen in one (8%) and moderate hemorrhage in six (46%). The biopsies contributed to the diagnosis in 11 of the patients (85%). CONCLUSION Using superDimension electromagnetic navigation system when performing cryobiopsies is feasible. A larger prospective trial is necessary to homogenize the technique between centres and to evaluate diagnostic advantage and complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kronborg-White
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Internal Medicine, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark.
| | - E Bendstrup
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L Gori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Interventional Pulmonology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - V Luzzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Interventional Pulmonology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - L B Madsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - V Poletti
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of the Diseases of the Thorax, Ospedale Morgagni, Forli, Italy
| | - T R Rasmussen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Trigiani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Interventional Pulmonology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - S Vezzosi
- Department of Quality, control and Technology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - S Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Interventional Pulmonology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fujise H, Uemura M, Hasegawa H, Ikeya D, Matsuda A, Morishita T, Madsen LB, Jensen F, Tolstikhin OI, Hishikawa A. Helicity-dependent dissociative tunneling ionization of CF 4 in multicycle circularly polarized intense laser fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8962-8969. [PMID: 35380001 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05858d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dissociative tunneling ionization of tetrafluoromethane (CF4) in circularly polarized ultrashort intense laser fields (35 fs, 0.8 × 1014 W cm-2, 1035 nm), CF4 → CF4+ + e- → CF3+ + F + e-, has been studied by three-dimensional electron-ion coincidence momentum imaging. The photoelectron angular distribution in the recoil frame revealed that the dissociative tunneling ionization occurs efficiently when the laser electric field points from F to C. The obtained results are qualitatively consistent with the theoretical predictions by the weak-field asymptotic theory (WFAT) for tunneling ionization from the highest and next-highest occupied molecular orbitals, HOMO (1t1), and HOMO-1 (4t2), respectively. On the other hand, the angular distribution shows clear dependences on the polarization helicity, indicating that the breaking of the C-F bonds is sensitive to the helicity of the multicycle circularly polarized laser fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Fujise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
| | - M Uemura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
| | - H Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
| | - D Ikeya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
| | - A Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.
| | - T Morishita
- Institute for Advanced Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - L B Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - O I Tolstikhin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - A Hishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan. .,Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nielsen MH, Madsen LB, Bendstrup E. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia due to silent aspiration following surgery and radiotherapy for cancer of the tongue. Respir Med Case Rep 2022; 40:101767. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2022.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
6
|
Kronborg-White S, Madsen LB, Bendstrup E, Poletti V. PD-L1 Expression in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235562. [PMID: 34884264 PMCID: PMC8658518 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and severe form within the group of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. It is characterized by repetitive alveolar injury in genetically susceptible individuals and abnormal wound healing, leading to dysregulated bronchiolar proliferation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, causing complete architectural distortion and fibrosis. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is considered an important pathogenic event, a phenomenon also observed in various malignant neoplasms, in which tumor cells express programmed death-ligand one (PD-L1). The aim of this study was to assess the presence of PD-L1 in patients with IPF and other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Method: Patients with a clinically and radiologically suspected idiopathic interstitial pneumonia or other ILDs undergoing transbronchial cryobiopsy to confirm the diagnosis at the Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, were included in this prospective observational study. Cellular membrane PD-L1 expression in epithelial cells was determined using the DAKO PD-L1 IHC 22C3 PharmDx Kit. Results: Membrane-bound PD-L1 (mPD-L1) was found in twelve (28%) of the forty-three patients with IPF and in five (9%) of the fifty-five patients with other ILDs (p = 0.015). When adjusting for age, gender and smoking status, the odds ratio of having IPF when expressing mPD-L1 in alveolar and/or bronchiolar epithelial cells was 4.3 (CI: 1.3–14.3). Conclusion: Expression of mPD-L1 in epithelial cells in the lung parenchymal zones was detected in a consistent subgroup of patients with IPF compared to other interstitial pneumonias. Larger studies are needed to explore the role of mPD-L1 in patients with IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sissel Kronborg-White
- Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.B.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Elisabeth Bendstrup
- Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Venerino Poletti
- Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (E.B.); (V.P.)
- Department of the Diseases of the Thorax, Ospedale Morgagni, University of Bologna, 47121 Forli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Michiels R, Abu-Samha M, Madsen LB, Binz M, Bangert U, Bruder L, Duim R, Wituschek A, LaForge AC, Squibb RJ, Feifel R, Callegari C, Di Fraia M, Danailov M, Manfredda M, Plekan O, Prince KC, Rebernik P, Zangrando M, Stienkemeier F, Mudrich M. Enhancement of Above Threshold Ionization in Resonantly Excited Helium Nanodroplets. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:093201. [PMID: 34506185 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.093201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clusters and nanodroplets hold the promise of enhancing high-order nonlinear optical effects due to their high local density. However, only moderate enhancement has been demonstrated to date. Here, we report the observation of energetic electrons generated by above-threshold ionization (ATI) of helium (He) nanodroplets which are resonantly excited by ultrashort extreme ultraviolet (XUV) free-electron laser pulses and subsequently ionized by near-infrared (NIR) or near-ultraviolet (UV) pulses. The electron emission due to high-order ATI is enhanced by several orders of magnitude compared with He atoms. The crucial dependence of the ATI intensities with the number of excitations in the droplets suggests a local collective enhancement effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Michiels
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Abu-Samha
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait
| | - L B Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - M Binz
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - U Bangert
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Bruder
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Duim
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Wituschek
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A C LaForge
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - R J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Manfredda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Rebernik
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- IOM-CNR, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Møller J, Altraja A, Sjåheim T, Rasmussen F, Madsen LB, Bendstrup E. International multidisciplinary team discussions on the diagnosis of idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia and the development of connective tissue disease. Eur Clin Respir J 2021; 8:1933878. [PMID: 34178296 PMCID: PMC8205078 DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2021.1933878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic Non-Specific Interstitial Pneumonia (iNSIP) is a rare interstitial lung disease, diagnosed, by definition, on the basis of a multidisciplinary team discussion (MDD). Association with an autoimmune background has been suggested in iNSIP. AIMS To test the feasibility of conducting a multinational MDD to review the diagnosis in iNSIP cases and to estimate the emergence of connective tissue disease (CTD) during follow-up. METHODS Investigators from three expert centers (Denmark, Estonia and Norway) met and discussed cases of biopsy-proven iNSIP at an international MDD. The cases were previously diagnosed at a national level between 2004 and 2014. Based on clinical, radiographic and pathological data, the diagnosis of iNSIP was re-evaluated and a consensus diagnosis was made. Cases incompatible with iNSIP were excluded. Relevant data were registered comprising any development of CTD. RESULTS In total, 31 cases were discussed and 23 patients were included with a diagnosis of iNSIP. The mean follow-up time was 57 months. None of the patients developed CTD according to the rheumatologic criteria during the follow up period. Four patients (17.4%) met the criteria for interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features. CONCLUSION We found that an international MDD was a feasible and valuable tool in the retrospective diagnostic evaluation of iNSIP. Diagnosis was changed in a statistically significant number of patients by our international MDD team. None of the patients developed CTD during follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janne Møller
- Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alan Altraja
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tone Sjåheim
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kronborg-White S, Sritharan SS, Madsen LB, Folkersen B, Voldby N, Poletti V, Rasmussen TR, Bendstrup E. Integration of cryobiopsies for interstitial lung disease diagnosis is a valid and safe diagnostic strategy-experiences based on 250 biopsy procedures. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:1455-1465. [PMID: 33841938 PMCID: PMC8024861 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Transbronchial cryobiopsies has become increasingly used in the diagnostic workup in patients suspected of having interstitial lung disease. The procedure is associated with less complications, morbidity and mortality compared to surgical lung biopsies although with a diagnostic yield that is not as high, but close to that of surgical lung biopsies. The aim of the present study was to describe the complications and diagnostic yield and their prognostic factors. Methods All patients undergoing transbronchial cryobiopsies at the Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, were included in this prospective observational cohort study. Results A total of 250 patients were included [61% male, mean age 66 years (range, 22–81 years)]. Pneumothorax was detected in 70 (28%) of the patients, moderate hemorrhage in 53 (21%) and severe hemorrhage in 2 (1%) of the patients. Hemorrhage was associated with central biopsies, but not with anticoagulant therapy. None of the complications were related to lung function, exercise capacity, biopsy or probe size. Only one patient experienced an acute exacerbation. Three-month mortality was 0.4% (1 patient), caused by cancer and unrelated to the procedure. Cryobiopsies contributed to the final diagnosis in 72% of the patients and after multidisciplinary team discussion, a consensus diagnosis was obtained in 82% of the patients. The gender, the total sum of biopsy sizes, number of biopsies and presence of more than 50% alveolar tissue in biopsies increased the diagnostic yield. Conclusions Our study confirms that using cryobiopsies in the diagnostic setup for interstitial lung diseases is safe with a limited risk of acute exacerbations and mortality. Cryobiopsies contribute to the diagnosis in the majority of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sissel Kronborg-White
- Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Internal Medicine, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | | | - Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Folkersen
- Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nina Voldby
- Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Venerino Poletti
- Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of the Diseases of the Thorax, Ospedale Morgagni, Forli, Italy
| | - Torben Riis Rasmussen
- Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Bendstrup
- Center for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Finn SP, Addeo A, Dafni U, Thunnissen E, Bubendorf L, Madsen LB, Biernat W, Verbeken E, Hernandez-Losa J, Marchetti A, Cheney R, Warth A, Speel EJM, Quinn AM, Monkhorst K, Jantus-Lewintre E, Tischler V, Marti N, Dimopoulou G, Molina-Vila MA, Kammler R, Kerr KM, Peters S, Stahel RA. Prognostic Impact of KRAS G12C Mutation in Patients With NSCLC: Results From the European Thoracic Oncology Platform Lungscape Project. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:990-1002. [PMID: 33647504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION KRAS mutations, the most frequent gain-of-function alterations in NSCLC, are currently emerging as potential predictive therapeutic targets. The role of KRAS-G12C (Kr_G12C) is of special interest after the recent discovery and preclinical analyses of two different Kr_G12C covalent inhibitors (AMG-510, MRTX849). METHODS KRAS mutations were evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections by a microfluidic-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction platform as a component of the previously published European Thoracic Oncology Platform Lungscape 003 Multiplex Mutation study, of clinically annotated, resected, stage I to III NSCLC. In this study, -Kr_G12C mutation prevalence and its association with clinicopathologic characteristics, molecular profiles, and postoperative patient outcome (overall survival, relapse-free survival, time-to-relapse) were explored. RESULTS KRAS gene was tested in 2055 Lungscape cases (adenocarcinomas: 1014 [49%]) with I or II or III stage respective distribution of 53% or 24% or 22% and median follow-up of 57 months. KRAS mutation prevalence in the adenocarcinoma cohort was 38.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 35.0% to 41.0%), with Kr_G12C mutation representing 17.0% (95% CI: 14.7% to 19.4%). In the "histologic-subtype" cohort, Kr_G12C prevalence was 10.5% (95% CI: 9.2% to 11.9%). When adjusting for clinicopathologic characteristics, a significant negative prognostic effect of Kr_G12C presence versus other KRAS mutations or nonexistence of KRAS mutation was identified in the adenocarcinoma cohort alone and in the "histologic-subtype" cohort. For overall survival in adenocarcinomas, hazard ratio (HR)G12C versus other KRAS is equal to 1.39 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.89, p = 0.031) and HRG12C versus no KRAS is equal to 1.32 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.69, p = 0.028) (both also significant in the "histologic-subtype" cohort). For time-to-relapse, HRG12C versus other KRAS is equal to 1.41 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.92, p = 0.030). In addition, among all patients, for relapse-free survival, HRG12C versus no KRAS is equal to 1.27 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.54, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS In this large, clinically annotated stage I to III NSCLC cohort, the specific Kr_G12C mutation is significantly associated with poorer prognosis (adjusting for clinicopathologic characteristics) among adenocarcinomas and in unselected NSCLCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Finn
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Alfredo Addeo
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Urania Dafni
- ETOP Statistics Center, Frontier Science Foundation-Hellas, Athens, Greece; Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Erik Thunnissen
- Department of Pathology, Free University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Eric Verbeken
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Antonio Marchetti
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale Clinicizzato Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Richard Cheney
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Arne Warth
- Department of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ernst-Jan M Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Marie Quinn
- Department of Histopathology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Mixed Unit TRIAL (General University Hospital Valencia Research Foundation and Píncipe Felipe Research Center), Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Verena Tischler
- Division of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nesa Marti
- European Thoracic Oncology Platform, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Dimopoulou
- ETOP Statistics Center, Frontier Science Foundation-Hellas, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Keith M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf A Stahel
- European Thoracic Oncology Platform, Bern, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schwensen HF, Borreschmidt LK, Storgaard M, Redsted S, Christensen S, Madsen LB. Fatal pulmonary fibrosis: a post-COVID-19 autopsy case. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:jclinpath-2020-206879. [PMID: 32723800 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence of histopathological changes in autopsied individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, data on histopathological changes in autopsied patients with eradicated COVID-19 are limited. We performed an autopsy on a Caucasian female in her 80s, who died due to severe, bilateral pulmonary fibrosis after eliminated SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, CT scans from 2 months before infection and from 6 days prior to death were compared. Comparison of the CT scans showed bilateral development of widespread fibrosis in previously healthy lungs. Microscopic examination showed different areas with acute and organising diffuse alveolar damage and fibrosis with honeycomb-like remodelling and bronchial metaplasia. We here report a unique autopsy case with development of widespread pulmonary fibrosis in a woman in her 80s with previous COVID-19 and no history of pulmonary illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Line Kristine Borreschmidt
- Department of Histopathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Merete Storgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Søren Redsted
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Histopathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thunnissen E, Kerr KM, Dafni U, Bubendorf L, Finn SP, Soltermann A, Biernat W, Cheney R, Verbeken E, Warth A, Marchetti A, Speel EJM, Pokharel S, Quinn AM, Monkhorst K, Navarro A, Madsen LB, Tsourti Z, Geiger T, Kammler R, Peters S, Stahel RA. Programmed death-ligand 1 expression influenced by tissue sample size. Scoring based on tissue microarrays' and cross-validation with resections, in patients with, stage I-III, non-small cell lung carcinoma of the European Thoracic Oncology Platform Lungscape cohort. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:792-801. [PMID: 31740722 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PD-L1, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, is a predictive biomarker for immuno-oncology treatment in lung cancer. Different scoring methods have been used to assess its status, resulting in a wide range of positivity rates. We use the European Thoracic Oncology Platform Lungscape non-small cell lung carcinoma cohort to explore this issue. PD-L1 expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (up to four cores per case), using the DAKO 28-8 immunohistochemistry assay, following a two-round external quality assessment procedure. All samples were analyzed under the same protocol. Cross-validation of scoring between tissue microarray and whole sections was performed in 10% randomly selected samples. Cutoff points considered: ≥1, 50 (primarily), and 25%. At the two external quality assessment rounds, tissue microarray scoring agreement rates between pathologists were: 73% and 81%. There were 2008 cases with valid immunohistochemistry tissue microarray results (50% all cores evaluable). Concordant cases at 1, 25, and 50% were: 85, 91, and 93%. Tissue microarray core results were identical for 70% of cases. Sensitivity of the tissue microarray method for 1, 25, and 50% was: 80, 78, and 79% (specificity: 90, 95, 98%). Complete agreement between tissue microarrays and whole sections was achieved for 60% of the cases. Highest sensitivity rates for 1% and 50% cutoffs were detected for higher number of cores. Underestimation of PD-L1 expression on small samples is more common than overestimation. We demonstrated that classification of PD-L1 on small biopsy samples does not represent the overall expression of PD-L1 in all non-small cell cancer carcinoma cases, although the majority of cases are 'correctly' classified. In future studies, sampling more and larger biopsies, recording the biopsy size and tumor load may permit further refinement, increasing predictive accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Thunnissen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Keith M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Urania Dafni
- Froniter Science Foundation-Hellas & National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Richard Cheney
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Erik Verbeken
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arne Warth
- Department of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Cytopathology, and Molecular Pathology MVZ UEGP Giessen, Wetzlar, Limburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Marchetti
- Center of Predicitve Predictive Molecular Medicine, CeSI, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ernst-Jan M Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Saraswati Pokharel
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anne Marie Quinn
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Department of Histopathology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Atilio Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zoi Tsourti
- Frontier Science Foundation-Hellas & University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Geiger
- Translational Research Coordination, European Thoracic Oncology Platform Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roswitha Kammler
- Translational Research Coordination, European Thoracic Oncology Platform Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf A Stahel
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bendstrup E, Kronborg-White S, Madsen LB, Rasmussen TR, Folkersen B, Voldby N, Møller J, Poletti V. Surgical Lung Biopsy and Cryobiopsy in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases: One Swallow Does Not Make a Summer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:939-940. [PMID: 31442069 PMCID: PMC6812444 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201904-0744le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
14
|
Ravaglia C, Rossi G, Tomassetti S, Dubini A, Piciucchi S, Chilosi M, Cavazza A, Bendstrup E, Kronborg-White SB, Folkersen B, Colella S, Madsen LB, Poletti V. Report Standardization in Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2020; 143:416-417. [PMID: 30920865 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0438-le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ravaglia
- 1 Department of Diseases of the Thorax (Drs Ravaglia, Tomassetti, and Poletti), G.B. Morgagni - L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Giulio Rossi
- 2 Anatomia Patologica, Azienda della Romagna, Ospedale S. Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy (Dr Rossi)
| | - Sara Tomassetti
- 1 Department of Diseases of the Thorax (Drs Ravaglia, Tomassetti, and Poletti), G.B. Morgagni - L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dubini
- 3 Operative Unit of Pathology (Dr Dubini), G.B. Morgagni - L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Sara Piciucchi
- 4 Department of Radiology (Dr Piciucchi), G.B. Morgagni - L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Marco Chilosi
- 5 Department of Pathology, Verona University, Verona, Italy (Dr Chilosi)
| | - Alberto Cavazza
- 6 Department of Pathology, S. Maria Nuova Hospital-I.R.C.C.S, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Dr Cavazza)
| | - Elisabeth Bendstrup
- 7 Departments of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy (Drs Bendstrup, Kronborg-White, Folkersen, and Poletti)
| | - Sissel Brix Kronborg-White
- 7 Departments of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy (Drs Bendstrup, Kronborg-White, Folkersen, and Poletti)
| | - Birgitte Folkersen
- 7 Departments of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy (Drs Bendstrup, Kronborg-White, Folkersen, and Poletti)
| | - Sara Colella
- 8 Pulmonary Unit, Ospedale "C. e G. Mazzoni," Ascoli Piceno, Italy (Dr Colella)
| | - Line Bille Madsen
- 9 Pathology (Dr Madsen), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Venerino Poletti
- 1 Department of Diseases of the Thorax (Drs Ravaglia, Tomassetti, and Poletti), G.B. Morgagni - L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy.,7 Departments of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy (Drs Bendstrup, Kronborg-White, Folkersen, and Poletti)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Djiokap JMN, Meremianin AV, Manakov NL, Madsen LB, Hu SX, Starace AF. Molecular Symmetry-Mixed Dichroism in Double Photoionization of H_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:143202. [PMID: 31702195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.143202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dichroism in double photoionization of H_{2} molecules by elliptically polarized extreme ultraviolet pulses is formulated analytically as a sum of atomiclike dichroism (AD) and molecular symmetry-mixed dichroism (MSMD) terms. The MSMD originates from an interplay of ^{1}Σ_{u}^{+} and ^{1}Π_{u}^{+} continuum molecular ionization amplitudes. For detection geometries in which the AD vanishes, numerical results for the sixfold differential probabilities for opposite pulse helicities show that the MSMD is significant in the electron momentum and angular distributions and is controllable by the ellipticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Ngoko Djiokap
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, USA
| | - A V Meremianin
- Department of Physics, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394006, Russia
| | - N L Manakov
- Department of Physics, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394006, Russia
| | - L B Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - Anthony F Starace
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kerr KM, Thunnissen E, Dafni U, Finn SP, Bubendorf L, Soltermann A, Verbeken E, Biernat W, Warth A, Marchetti A, Speel EJM, Pokharel S, Quinn AM, Monkhorst K, Navarro A, Madsen LB, Radonic T, Wilson J, De Luca G, Gray SG, Cheney R, Savic S, Martorell M, Muley T, Baas P, Meldgaard P, Blackhall F, Dingemans AM, Dziadziuszko R, Vansteenkiste J, Weder W, Polydoropoulou V, Geiger T, Kammler R, Peters S, Stahel R. A retrospective cohort study of PD-L1 prevalence, molecular associations and clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC: Results from the European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP) Lungscape Project. Lung Cancer 2019; 131:95-103. [PMID: 31027705 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The PD-L1 biomarker is an important factor in selecting patients with non-small cell lung cancer for immunotherapy. While several reports suggest that PD-L1 positivity is linked to a poor prognosis, others suggest that PD-L1 positive status portends a good prognosis. METHODS PD-L1 positivity prevalence, assessed via immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays (TMAs), and its association with clinicopathological characteristics, molecular profiles and patient outcome- Relapse-free Survival (RFS), Time-to-Relapse (TTR) and Overall Survival (OS)- is explored in the ETOP Lungscape cohort of stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumors are considered positive if they have ≥1/5/25/50% neoplastic cell membrane staining. RESULTS PD-L1 expression was assessed in 2182 NSCLC cases (2008 evaluable, median follow-up 4.8 years, 54.6% still alive), from 15 ETOP centers. Adenocarcinomas represent 50.9% of the cohort (squamous cell: 42.4%). Former smokers are 53.7% (current: 31.6%, never: 10.5%). PD-L1 positivity prevalence is present in more than one third of the Lungscape cohort (1%/5% cut-offs). It doesn't differ between adenocarcinomas and squamous cell histologies, but is more frequently detected in higher stages, never smokers, larger tumors (1/5/25% cut-offs). With ≥1% cut-off it is significantly associated with IHC MET overexpression, expression of PTEN, EGFR and KRAS mutation (only for adenocarcinoma). Results for 5%, 25% and 50% cut-offs were similar, with MET being significantly associated with PD-L1 positivity both for AC (p < 0.001, 5%/25%/50% cut-offs) and SCC (p < 0.001, 5% & 50% cut-offs and p = 0.0017 for 25%). When adjusting for clinicopathological characteristics, a significant prognostic effect was identified in adenocarcinomas (adjusted p-values: 0.024/0.064/0.063 for RFS/TTR/OS 1% cut-off, analogous for 5%/25%, but not for 50%). Similar results obtained for the model including all histologies, but no effect was found for the squamous cell carcinomas. CONCLUSION PD-L1 positivity, when adjusted for clinicopathological characteristics, is associated with a better prognosis for non-metastatic adenocarcinoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Kerr
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
| | - Erik Thunnissen
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Urania Dafni
- Froniter Science Foundation-Hellas & University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology, St James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Verbeken
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Arne Warth
- Department of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Marchetti
- Center of Predicitve Predictive Molecular Medicine, CeSI, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ernst-Jan M Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sarawati Pokharel
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anne Marie Quinn
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Department of Histopathology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Division of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Atilio Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Teodora Radonic
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joan Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Graziano De Luca
- Center of Predicitve Predictive Molecular Medicine, CeSI, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Steven G Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, St James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard Cheney
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Spasenija Savic
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Martorell
- Department of Pathology, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital of Heidelberg, and Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC) Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Baas
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Meldgaard
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anne-Marie Dingemans
- Department of Pulmonology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rafal Dziadziuszko
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Johan Vansteenkiste
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, University Hospital KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Geiger
- Translational Research Coordination, ETOP Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roswitha Kammler
- Translational Research Coordination, ETOP Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Stahel
- Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rulle U, Tsourti Z, Casanova R, Deml KF, Verbeken E, Thunnissen E, Warth A, Cheney R, Sejda A, Speel EJ, Madsen LB, Nonaka D, Navarro A, Sansano I, Marchetti A, Finn SP, Monkhorst K, Kerr KM, Haberecker M, Wu C, Zygoura P, Kammler R, Geiger T, Gendreau S, Schulze K, Vrugt B, Wild P, Moch H, Weder W, Ciftlik AT, Dafni U, Peters S, Bubendorf L, Stahel RA, Soltermann A. Computer-Based Intensity Measurement Assists Pathologists in Scoring Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Immunohistochemistry — Clinical Associations in NSCLC Patients of the European Thoracic Oncology Platform Lungscape Cohort. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:1851-1863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.2034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
18
|
Terkelsen AJ, Hansen J, Klostergaard A, Otto M, Mølgaard H, Hvas CL, Krogh K, Kirkeby HJ, Madsen LB, Andersen H, Jensen TS. [Neurogenic autonomic dysfunction in primary amyliodosis]. Ugeskr Laeger 2018; 180:V12170927. [PMID: 29622069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic autonomic dysfunction (NAD) and polyneuropathy occur in common conditions like diabetes and alcoholism. However, it can also be seen in rare diseases like in this case report of amyloid light-chain amyloidosis: primary amyloidosis. A 56-year-old man presented with polyneuropathy, a sympathetic dysfunction causing orthostatic intolerance, syncope, parasympathetic dysfunction and involvement of the enteric nervous system. The report illustrates, that routine screening can be insufficient in diagnosing amyloidosis. NAD and polyneuropathy without clear aetiology may require a multidisciplinary elucidation of more rare diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sritharan SS, Gajewska ME, Skytte ABS, Madsen LB, Bendstrup E. Familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a young female. Respir Med Case Rep 2018; 24:1-4. [PMID: 29977744 PMCID: PMC6010663 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown cause. In the past years there have been observations of clustering of pulmonary fibrosis in families, indicating the disease can be inherited. The most commonly identified mutations are mutations involving proteins from the telomerase complex and the surfactant system, where the mutations from the surfactant protein system are less identified. We report a rare care of familial IPF in a young female at the age of 34 years, in whom genetic testing shows two different heterozygous variants for the surfactant protein system as a probable cause of her interstitial lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajitha S Sritharan
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marta E Gajewska
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anne-Bine S Skytte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgårdsvej 21, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Bendstrup
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Kerr K, Thunnissen E, Dafni U, Soltermann A, Finn SP, Bubendorf L, Verbeken E, Biernat W, Warth A, Marchetti A, Speel EJM, Pokharel S, Quinn AM, Monkhorst K, Navarro A, Madsen LB, Polydoropoulou V, Kammler R, Peters S, Stahel RA. Prevalence and clinical correlation of programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) expression in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Results from the European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP) Lungscape cohort. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.8516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8516 Background: Conflicting data exists on the potential prognostic impact of PD-L1 expression in NSCLC. The Lungscape project, a fully annotated large biobank of resected stage I-III NSCLC, allows detailed analysis of this issue. Methods: Prevalence of PD-L1 positivity and its association with clinicopathological characteristics and patient outcome - Relapse-free Survival (RFS), Time-to-Relapse (TTR) and Overall Survival (OS) - was explored in the ETOP Lungscape cohort. PD-L1 expression was assessed on tissue microarrays (TMAs) using the DAKO 28-8 immunohistochemistry assay. Positivity cut-off points of ≥1%, 5% and 50% for neoplastic cell membrane staining were considered. Results: PD-L1 data were available for 2182 patients, from 15 ETOP centers, with median follow-up 4.8 years; 1191 patients still alive; median age 66 years; 64% male, 32/54/11% for current/former/never smokers; 49/29/22% for stages I/II/III; 51/42/4/3% adenocarcinomas (AC)/squamous cell (SCC) /large cell and sarcomatoid (LCS)/other. Median RFS/TTR/OS were 53/99/69 months (AC: 52/84/72, SCC: 54/not reached/64; and LSC 52/103/74). PD-L1 prevalence with 1% cut-off was, overall: 43%, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 41-46; (AC: 42%, 95%CI: 39-46; SCC: 44%, 95%CI: 40-47; and LCS: 53%, 95%CI: 42-65), while for 5% threshold, prevalence was 34%, 95%CI: 32-36. PD-L1 1% positivity was a significant predictor only for AC: HRRFS: + vs - = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.69-0.97, HRTTR: + vs - = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.68-1.01, HROS: + vs -= 0.83; 95%CI: 0.69-1.01 (adjusted p = 0.024, 0.064, 0.063 respectively). This effect is found also for the 5% cut-off, and preserved in the overall model including all histologies. Using the 50% cut-off, PD-L1 positivity was detected in 17% of patients; 95%CI: 15-18, but was no longer a significant predictor of outcome, overall and by histology type. Conclusions: PD-L1 positivity (1% and 5% cut-offs) was present in more than one third of resected NSCLC and was associated with a better prognosis for AC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Kerr
- Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Urania Dafni
- Frontier Science Foundation-Hellas, ETOP Statistical Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Alex Soltermann
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen P. Finn
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- University Hospital Basel, Institute of Pathology, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Wojciech Biernat
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Department of Pathology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Arne Warth
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Department of Pathology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Marchetti
- Center of Predictive Molecular Medicine, CeSI-MeT, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Anne Marie Quinn
- University Hospital South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Atilio Navarro
- Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Rosita Kammler
- European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP), Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Rolf A. Stahel
- University Hospital Zurich, Clinic of Oncology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kronborg-White S, Folkersen B, Rasmussen TR, Voldby N, Madsen LB, Rasmussen F, Poletti V, Bendstrup E. Introduction of cryobiopsies in the diagnostics of interstitial lung diseases - experiences in a referral center. Eur Clin Respir J 2017; 4:1274099. [PMID: 28326178 PMCID: PMC5328381 DOI: 10.1080/20018525.2016.1274099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Transbronchial cryobiopsies (cTBB) has emerged as a new method for obtaining lung tissue biopsies in the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Until now, it has been used in a few highly specialized interventional centers and has shown promising results in obtaining a definite diagnosis of ILDs. Method: All patients undergoing a cTBB between November 2015 and June 2016 were included in this case series study. Data on patient demographics, high-resolution computed tomography patterns, size and number of biopsies, histology patterns, the contribution to a confident diagnosis and complications were registered. Results: Thirty-eight patients underwent cTBB in the period. cTBB contributed to the diagnosis in 28 (74%) of the 38 patients. Only few complications were observed; pneumothorax was the most frequent complication (10 patients, 26%). In six patients, local bleeding occurred during the procedure and was easily controlled by a Fogarty catheter balloon and in some cases tranexamic acid. Conclusion: Performing cTBB in the diagnostics of ILDs is a safe and feasible procedure. cTBB resulted in a confident diagnosis in 74% of cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sissel Kronborg-White
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Birgitte Folkersen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Torben Riis Rasmussen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Nina Voldby
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
| | | | - Finn Rasmussen
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
| | - Venerino Poletti
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Diseases of the Thorax, Ospedale Morgagni, Forli, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Bendstrup
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jørgensen NP, Alstrup AKO, Mortensen FV, Knudsen K, Jakobsen S, Madsen LB, Bender D, Breining P, Petersen MS, Schleimann MH, Dagnæs-Hansen F, Gormsen LC, Borghammer P. Cholinergic PET imaging in infections and inflammation using 11C-donepezil and 18F-FEOBV. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 44:449-458. [PMID: 27785538 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune cells utilize acetylcholine as a paracrine-signaling molecule. Many white blood cells express components of the cholinergic signaling pathway, and these are up-regulated when immune cells are activated. However, in vivo molecular imaging of cholinergic signaling in the context of inflammation has not previously been investigated. METHODS We performed positron emission tomography (PET) using the glucose analogue 18F-FDG, and 11C-donepezil and 18F-FEOBV, markers of acetylcholinesterase and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter, respectively. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with Staphylococcus aureus, and PET scanned at 24, 72, 120, and 144 h post-inoculation. Four pigs with post-operative abscesses were also imaged. Finally, we present initial data from human patients with infections, inflammation, and renal and lung cancer. RESULTS In mice, the FDG uptake in abscesses peaked at 24 h and remained stable. The 11C-donepezil and 18F-FEOBV uptake displayed progressive increase, and at 120-144 h was nearly at the FDG level. Moderate 11C-donepezil and slightly lower 18F-FEOBV uptake were seen in pig abscesses. PCR analyses suggested that the 11C-donepezil signal in inflammatory cells is derived from both acetylcholinesterase and sigma-1 receptors. In humans, very high 11C-donepezil uptake was seen in a lobar pneumonia and in peri-tumoral inflammation surrounding a non-small cell lung carcinoma, markedly superseding the 18F-FDG uptake in the inflammation. In a renal clear cell carcinoma no 11C-donepezil uptake was seen. DISCUSSION The time course of cholinergic tracer accumulation in murine abscesses was considerably different from 18F-FDG, demonstrating in the 11C-donepezil and 18F-FEOBV image distinct aspects of immune modulation. Preliminary data in humans strongly suggest that 11C-donepezil can exhibit more intense accumulation than 18F-FDG at sites of chronic inflammation. Cholinergic PET imaging may therefore have potential applications for basic research into cholinergic mechanisms of immune modulation, but also clinical applications for diagnosing infections, inflammatory disorders, and cancer inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aage K O Alstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, bygn. 10G, kaelderen, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Frank V Mortensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karoline Knudsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, bygn. 10G, kaelderen, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, bygn. 10G, kaelderen, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Histopathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dirk Bender
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, bygn. 10G, kaelderen, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Breining
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, bygn. 10G, kaelderen, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Noerrebrogade 44, bygn. 10G, kaelderen, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ngoko Djiokap JM, Hu SX, Madsen LB, Manakov NL, Meremianin AV, Starace AF. Electron vortices in photoionization by circularly polarized attosecond pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:113004. [PMID: 26406828 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single ionization of He by two oppositely circularly polarized, time-delayed attosecond pulses is shown to produce photoelectron momentum distributions in the polarization plane having helical vortex structures sensitive to the time delay between the pulses, their relative phase, and their handedness. Results are obtained by both ab initio numerical solution of the two-electron time-dependent Schrödinger equation and by a lowest-order perturbation theory analysis. The energy, bandwidth, and temporal duration of attosecond pulses are ideal for observing these vortex patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Ngoko Djiokap
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - L B Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - N L Manakov
- Department of Physics, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394006, Russia
| | - A V Meremianin
- Department of Physics, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394006, Russia
| | - Anthony F Starace
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ngoko Djiokap JM, Manakov NL, Meremianin AV, Hu SX, Madsen LB, Starace AF. Nonlinear Dichroism in Back-to-Back Double Ionization of He by an Intense Elliptically Polarized Few-Cycle Extreme Ultraviolet Pulse. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:223002. [PMID: 25494069 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.223002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Control of double ionization of He by means of the polarization and carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of an intense, few-cycle extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse is demonstrated numerically by solving the six-dimensional two-electron, time-dependent Schrödinger equation for He interacting with an elliptically polarized XUV pulse. Guided by perturbation theory (PT), we predict the existence of a nonlinear dichroic effect (∝I^{3/2}) that is sensitive to the CEP, ellipticity, peak intensity I, and temporal duration of the pulse. This dichroic effect (i.e., the difference of the two-electron angular distributions for opposite helicities of the ionizing XUV pulse) originates from interference of first- and second-order PT amplitudes, allowing one to probe and control S- and D-wave channels of the two-electron continuum. We show that the back-to-back in-plane geometry with unequal energy sharing is an ideal one for observing this dichroic effect that occurs only for an elliptically polarized, few-cycle attosecond pulse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Ngoko Djiokap
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, USA
| | - N L Manakov
- Department of Physics, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394006, Russia
| | - A V Meremianin
- Department of Physics, Voronezh State University, Voronezh 394006, Russia
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L B Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anthony F Starace
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dimitrovski D, Maurer J, Stapelfeldt H, Madsen LB. Low-energy photoelectrons in strong-field ionization by laser pulses with large ellipticity. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:103005. [PMID: 25238357 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The 3D photoelectron momentum distributions created by the strong-field ionization of argon atoms and naphthalene molecules with intense, large ellipticity (∼0.7) femtosecond laser pulses are studied. The experiment reveals the presence of low-energy electrons for randomly oriented naphthalene, but not for argon. Our theory shows that the induced dipole part of the cationic potential facilitates the creation of the low-energy electrons. We establish the conditions in terms of laser pulse parameters and molecular properties for which this type of low-energy electrons can be observed and point to applications thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Dimitrovski
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - H Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - L B Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu J, Kunitski M, Pitzer M, Trinter F, Schmidt LPH, Jahnke T, Magrakvelidze M, Madsen CB, Madsen LB, Thumm U, Dörner R. Electron-nuclear energy sharing in above-threshold multiphoton dissociative ionization of H2. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:023002. [PMID: 23889391 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental observation of the energy sharing between electron and nuclei in above-threshold multiphoton dissociative ionization of H2 by strong laser fields. The absorbed photon energy is shared between the ejected electron and nuclei in a correlated fashion, resulting in multiple diagonal lines in their joint energy spectrum governed by the energy conservation of all fragment particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bjerre D, Madsen LB, Mark T, Cirera S, Larsen K, Jørgensen CB, Fredholm M. Potential role of the porcine superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene in pig reproduction. Anim Biotechnol 2013; 24:1-9. [PMID: 23394364 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2012.723083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In a recent study we confirmed that QTL regions on pig chromosomes 11, 13, and 15 are associated with reproduction traits in the pig. Within these regions the genetic variation was largest on chromosome 13. The QTL region on this chromosome was therefore studied further to identify genes known to contribute to litter size. The superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene localized at around 200 Mb in the pig (Sscrofa10) was the most obvious candidate gene. In the present study, we have cloned and sequenced the porcine SOD1 gene. The SOD1 amino acid sequence is highly conserved between human, mouse, rat, and pig. Expression studies by quantitative PCR showed differential levels of the SOD1 transcript in all tissues investigated. Sequence comparison between sows with high and low estimated breeding value (EBV) for litter size, revealed a total of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the noncoding sequence and no SNPs in the coding region. One of the intronic SNPs was genotyped in 248 sows with high and low EBV for litter size. Allele frequency differed significantly between the two group of sows indicating that polymorphism in the chromosome 13 locus has an impact on litter size. The sows homozygous for the A/A genotype conceive three piglets more compared to the A/T genotype, making this SNP a possible marker for litter size. However, this genotype was negatively correlated with other important traits under selection in the Danish pig production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bjerre
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Basic Science, Division of Genetics and Bioinfomatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Madsen CB, Anis F, Madsen LB, Esry BD. Multiphoton above threshold effects in strong-field fragmentation. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:163003. [PMID: 23215075 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.163003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of multiphoton dissociative ionization from molecules. By solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for H(2)(+) and projecting the solution onto double continuum scattering states, we observe the correlated electron-nuclear ionization dynamics in detail. We show-for the first time-how multiphoton structure prevails as long as one accounts for the energies of all the fragments. Our current work provides a new avenue to analyze strong-field fragmentation that leads to a deeper understanding of the correlated molecular dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Madsen
- Lundbeck Foundation Theoretical Center for Quantum System Research, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pfeiffer AN, Cirelli C, Landsman AS, Smolarski M, Dimitrovski D, Madsen LB, Keller U. Probing the longitudinal momentum spread of the electron wave packet at the tunnel exit. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:083002. [PMID: 23002743 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.083002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present an ellipticity-resolved study of momentum distributions arising from strong-field ionization of helium. The influence of the ion potential on the departing electron is considered within a semiclassical model consisting of an initial tunneling step and subsequent classical propagation. We find that the momentum distribution can be explained by including the longitudinal momentum spread of the electron at the exit from the tunnel. Our combined experimental and theoretical study provides an estimate of this momentum spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Pfeiffer
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Madsen LB, Christiansen T, Kirkegaard P, Pedersen EB. Economic evaluation of home blood pressure telemonitoring: a randomized controlled trial. Blood Press 2010; 20:117-25. [PMID: 21105759 DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2010.532306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of the present study was to compare the costs of home blood pressure (BP) telemonitoring (HBPM) with the costs of conventional office BP monitoring. In a randomized controlled trial, 105 hypertensive patients performed HBPM and 118 patients received usual care with conventional office BP monitoring during 6 months. Costs were quantified from the healthcare perspective. Non-parametric simulations were performed to quantify the uncertainty around the mean estimates and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were made. MAJOR FINDINGS Systolic and diastolic daytime and night-time ambulatory BP (ABP) were reduced in both groups. The uncertainty around the incremental cost effectiveness ratio point estimates was considerable for both systolic and diastolic ABP. For systolic ABP, the difference in cost effectiveness ratio between the two groups was 256 Danish kroner (DKK)/mmHg [95% uncertainty interval, UI -860 to 4544]. For diastolic ABP, the difference in cost effectiveness ratio between the two groups was 655 DKK/mmHg [95% UI -674 to 69315]. Medication and consultation costs were lowest in the intervention group, but were offset by the cost of the telemonitoring equipment. CONCLUSIONS Cost-effectiveness analysis showed that telemonitoring of home BP was more costly compared with usual monitoring of office BP. The cost-effectiveness result is surrounded with considerable uncertainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Medical Research, Holstebro Hospital and Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Madsen CB, Madsen LB, Viftrup SS, Johansson MP, Poulsen TB, Holmegaard L, Kumarappan V, Jørgensen KA, Stapelfeldt H. Manipulating the torsion of molecules by strong laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:073007. [PMID: 19257667 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.073007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that strong laser pulses can induce torsional motion in a molecule consisting of a pair of phenyl rings. A nanosecond laser pulse spatially aligns the carbon-carbon bond axis, connecting the two phenyl rings, allowing a perpendicularly polarized, intense femtosecond pulse to initiate torsional motion accompanied by an overall rotation about the fixed axis. We monitor the induced motion by femtosecond time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging. Our theoretical analysis accounts for and generalizes the experimental findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Madsen
- Lundbeck Foundation Theoretical Center for Quantum System Research, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Madsen LB, Kirkegaard P, Pedersen EB. Blood pressure control during telemonitoring of home blood pressure. A randomized controlled trial during 6 months. Blood Press 2008; 17:78-86. [PMID: 18568696 DOI: 10.1080/08037050801915468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment based on telemonitoring of home blood pressure (BP) and conventional monitoring of office BP. METHODS Hypertensive patients (n = 236) participated in a randomized, controlled study. In the intervention group, antihypertensive treatment was based on home BP monitoring. BP readings were registered by a PDA and automatically transmitted to a server, by which the patient and doctor could communicate. In the control group, patients received usual care with office visits to adjust antihypertensive treatment as needed. Primary outcome was difference in systolic daytime ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) change between baseline and 6 months. RESULTS In both groups, systolic daytime ABPM decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up. The decrease in systolic daytime ABPM was -11.9 mmHg in the intervention group and -9.6 mmHg in the control group (mean difference -2.3 [95% CI -6.1 to -1.5], p = 0.225). The likelihood of daytime ABPM normalization was similar in the two groups [32/113 (28%) vs 46/123 (37%), p = 0.139]. CONCLUSION Antihypertensive treatment based on telemonitoring of home BP was as effective as usual monitoring of office BP with regards to reduction of BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Line Bille Madsen
- Department of Medical Research, Holstebro Hospital and Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Larsen K, Madsen LB, Høj A, Bendixen C. Porcine DJ-1: cloning of PARK7 cDNA, sequence comparison, expression analysis and chromosomal localization. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 116:93-9. [PMID: 17268184 DOI: 10.1159/000097423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The PARK7 gene encodes a protein, DJ-1, with several functions such as protection of cells from oxidative stress, sperm maturation and fertilization and chaperone activity. Mutations in the PARK7 gene are associated with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (Parkinsonism). This work reports the cloning and analysis of the porcine (Sus scrofa) homologue of DJ-1. The porcine PARK7 cDNA was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using oligonucleotide primers derived from in silico sequences. The porcine PARK7 cDNA (SsPARK7) encodes a protein of 189 amino acids which shows a very high similarity to bovine (97%), to human (96%) and to canine (95%) DJ-1. Protein structure comparison of human and porcine DJ-1 sequences revealed that amino acid changes were few between the two species and not likely to alter DJ-1 structure and function. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR detection exhibited SsPARK7 mRNA expression in all analyzed porcine tissues, although at different levels. Furthermore, expression analysis showed that SsPARK7 transcripts could be detected early in embryo development in different brain regions. The PARK7 gene was demonstrated to be located on porcine chromosome 6. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed one SNP in the porcine PARK7 gene, giving rise to a silent mutation in exon 6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Larsen
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tjele, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Førre M, Hansen JP, Kocbach L, Selstø S, Madsen LB. Nondipole ionization dynamics of atoms in superintense high-frequency attosecond pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:043601. [PMID: 16907572 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ionization of H(1s) in superintense, high-frequency, attosecond pulses is studied beyond the dipole approximation. We identify a unique nondipole 3rd lobe in the angular distribution of the ejected electron and show that this lobe has a well-defined classical counterpart. The ionization is likely to occur in the direction opposite to the laser propagation direction, which is fully understood from an analysis of the classical dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Førre
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Selstø S, Førre M, Hansen JP, Madsen LB. Strong orientation effects in ionization of H+2 by short, intense, high-frequency light pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:093002. [PMID: 16197212 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.093002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present three-dimensional time-dependent calculations of ionization of arbitrarily spatially oriented H+2 by attosecond, intense, high-frequency laser fields. The ionization probability shows a strong dependence on both the internuclear distance and the relative orientation between the laser field and the internuclear axis. The physical features are explained in terms of two-center interference effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Selstø
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Førre M, Selstø S, Hansen JP, Madsen LB. Exact nondipole Kramers-Henneberger form of the light-atom hamiltonian: an application to atomic stabilization and photoelectron energy spectra. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:043601. [PMID: 16090806 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The exact nondipole minimal-coupling Hamiltonian for an atom interacting with an explicitly time- and space-dependent laser field is transformed into the rest frame of a classical free electron in the laser field, i.e., into the Kramers-Henneberger frame. The new form of the Hamiltonian is used to study nondipole effects in the high-intensity, high-frequency regime. Fully three-dimensional nondipole ab initio wave packet calculations show that the ionization probability may decrease for increasing field strength. We identify a unique signature for the onset of this dynamical stabilization effect in the photoelectron spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Førre
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ziesel JP, Jones NC, Field D, Madsen LB. The determination of absolute anion formation cross sections from electron beam scattering data. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:024309. [PMID: 15638588 DOI: 10.1063/1.1829054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using recent low energy electron scattering data for CCl4 and SF6, and accompanying theory illustrating the coupling of attachment and elastic scattering, absolute cross sections are derived for electron attachment to CCl4 and SF6 between impact energies, respectively, of 8-52 meV and 7-42 meV. Values of attachment cross sections are compared with those obtained by laser and threshold photoionization techniques, which include normalization to rate coefficient data. Excellent agreement with the latest CCl4 data is obtained, with less precise agreement for SF6, but still lying within experimental uncertainties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-P Ziesel
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité (CNRS UMR 5589), Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tolstrup JS, Kjaer SK, Munk C, Madsen LB, Ottesen B, Bergholt T, Grønbaek M. Does caffeine and alcohol intake before pregnancy predict the occurrence of spontaneous abortion? Hum Reprod 2004; 18:2704-10. [PMID: 14645195 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deg480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of caffeine and alcohol is suspected to affect pregnancy outcome. Use of both stimulants is widespread and even minor effects on fetal viability are of public health interest. METHODS We performed a nested case-control study using prospective data from a population-based cohort comprising 11088 women aged 20-29 years. From this cohort, women who experienced either a spontaneous abortion (n = 303) or who gave birth (n = 1381) during follow-up [mean time: 2.1 years (range: 1.6-3.4)] were selected. Associations between self-reported exposures to caffeine and/or alcohol at enrolment and spontaneous abortion were analysed by means of logistic regression. RESULTS Compared with women with a pre-pregnancy intake of <75 mg caffeine per day, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for spontaneous abortion was 1.26 (0.77-2.06), 1.45 (0.87-2.41), 1.44 (0.87-2.37) and 1.72 (1.00-2.96) for a pre-pregnancy intake on 75-300, 301-500, 501-900 and >900 mg caffeine per day respectively (P = 0.05 for trend). A pre-pregnancy intake of alcohol was not a predictor for spontaneous abortion. CONCLUSIONS A high intake of caffeine prior to pregnancy seems to be associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion, whereas a low-to-moderate alcohol intake does not influence the risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Tolstrup
- Danish Epidemiology Science Centre at the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Kommunehospitalet, DK-1399, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Madsen LB, Petersen AH, Nielsen VH, Nissen PH, Dunø M, Krejci L, Bendixen C, Thomsen B. Chromosome location, genomic organization of the porcine COL10A1 gene and model structure of the NC1 domain. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 102:173-8. [PMID: 14970698 DOI: 10.1159/000075744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2003] [Accepted: 08/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine COL10A1 gene, encoding the alpha1(X) chain of type X collagen, has been sequenced. The gene structure is evolutionarily conserved, consisting of three exons and two introns spanning 7100 bp. Linkage mapping localized the gene to chromosome 1, which is in agreement with human-pig homology maps. Furthermore, protein structure comparison of the functionally important carboxyl domain between species revealed that amino acid changes were few and mainly situated in loop regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L B Madsen
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Experimental data are presented for the scattering of electrons by CCl4 between 8 and 200 meV impact energy. These results are used in conjunction with data for the reactive process, yielding Cl-, to study the low energy behavior of a system which simultaneously displays both reactive and elastic scattering channels. Phase shifts are derived and illustrate how channel competition develops as the energy falls. This behavior and the involvement of vibronic effects at impact energies above approximately 30 meV pose a challenge to theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Ziesel
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (CNRS UMR5589), Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Petrunin VV, Jacobsen MH, Madsen LB, Aseyev SA, Andersen T. Photodetachment of He- in the vicinity of the two-electron escape threshold. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:013002. [PMID: 12570606 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recording the yield of He(1snl(3)L) Rydberg states for n=11-14, we measure the photodetachment cross sections of metastable He-(1s2s2p(4)P(o)) ions in the vicinity of the two-electron escape threshold. We observe a large number of double Rydberg He- quartet state resonances and report energies and widths of intrashell states in the n=13-15 manifolds. Sharp thresholds are measured at He((3)P(o)) and He((3)D(e)) Rydberg states with preference for population of the former, whereas the He((3)S(e)) states are not populated, in agreement with qualitative theoretical arguments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Petrunin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Arhus C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The translational motion of molecular ions can be effectively cooled sympathetically to temperatures below 100 mK in ion traps through Coulomb interactions with laser-cooled atomic ions. The distribution of internal rovibrational states, however, gets in thermal equilibrium with the typically much higher temperature of the environment within tens of seconds. We consider a concept for rotational cooling of such internally hot, but translationally cold, heteronuclear diatomic molecular ions. The scheme relies on a combination of optical pumping from a few specific rotational levels into a "dark state" with redistribution of rotational populations mediated by blackbody radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I S Vogelius
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Madsen LB, Hansen JP, Kocbach L. Excitation in ion-atom collisions inside subfemtosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:093202. [PMID: 12190398 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.093202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2002] [Revised: 06/19/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We discuss new excitation mechanisms in energetic ion-atom collisions embedded in short laser pulses. For comparable duration and strength of the pulse and collisional interaction, the laser field will probe and modify the interaction between projectile and target. Coherence effects emerge, insight into reaction dynamics is gained, and new dynamical features are discovered. As an example, we show (i) how a propensity rule for s-p excitation can be dramatically changed, and (ii) how the presence of the laser pulse modifies the ionization process in ion-atom collisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L B Madsen
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Arhus C, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Madsen LB, Mølmer K. Correlated electrons in lithiumlike hollow atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:133002. [PMID: 11580583 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.133002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a scheme for the explicit construction of highly correlated triply excited hollow states in Coulombic three-electron systems. Our analytical ansatz for the three-electron state is physically well justified and it produces configuration mixing coefficients in good agreement with data obtained from ab initio calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L B Madsen
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Madsen LB. Comment on "Suppression of angular-momentum mixing in photoexcitation of rydberg states by multistate off-resonant quantum coherence". Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:898. [PMID: 10991431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- LB Madsen
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strabetae 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Madsen LB, Schlagheck P, Lambropoulos P. Laser-induced transitions between triply excited hollow states. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:42-45. [PMID: 10991154 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present an ab initio calculation of the Li+ photoion yield in the presence of laser coupling between the triply excited 2s(2)2p(2)P(o) and 2s2p(2) (2)D(e) resonances in lithium, the first of which is assumed excited by synchrotron radiation from the ground state. The laser coupling between the triply excited states is shown to lead to a significant and readily measurable modification of the line profile which provides a unique probe of the dipole strength between highly correlated triply excited states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LB Madsen
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nyman U, Joshi P, Madsen LB, Pedersen TB, Pinstrup M, Rajasekharan S, George V, Pushpangadan P. Ethnomedical information and in vitro screening for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition of plants utilized as traditional medicines in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Kerala (India). J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 60:247-263. [PMID: 9613838 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants utilized as traditional medicines in India have been investigated for their ability to inhibit the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). In total, 75 species belonging to 42 families have been investigated and new ethnomedical information has been obtained for 41 species. Four species were found to possess a high ACE inhibiting ability and were low in their tannin content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Nyman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Madsen LB, Taulbjerg K. Polarization effect in electron-excitation of hydrogen. Phys Rev A 1995; 52:2429-2432. [PMID: 9912504 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
50
|
Galløe AM, Graudal NA, Madsen LB, Christensen HR, Andreasen PB. [Aminoglycoside single or multiple daily doses?]. Ugeskr Laeger 1993; 155:4192-4. [PMID: 8273250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|