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Levi N, Papismadov N, Majewska J, Roitman L, Wigoda N, Eilam R, Tsoory M, Rotkopf R, Ovadya Y, Akiva H, Regev O, Krizhanovsky V. p21 facilitates chronic lung inflammation via epithelial and endothelial cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2395-2417. [PMID: 36996500 PMCID: PMC10120903 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable state of cell cycle arrest that regulates tissue integrity and protects the organism from tumorigenesis. However, the accumulation of senescent cells during aging contributes to age-related pathologies. One such pathology is chronic lung inflammation. p21 (CDKN1A) regulates cellular senescence via inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). However, its role in chronic lung inflammation and functional impact on chronic lung disease, where senescent cells accumulate, is less understood. To elucidate the role of p21 in chronic lung inflammation, we subjected p21 knockout (p21-/-) mice to repetitive inhalations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an exposure that leads to chronic bronchitis and accumulation of senescent cells. p21 knockout led to a reduced presence of senescent cells, alleviated the pathological manifestations of chronic lung inflammation, and improved the fitness of the mice. The expression profiling of the lung cells revealed that resident epithelial and endothelial cells, but not immune cells, play a significant role in mediating the p21-dependent inflammatory response following chronic LPS exposure. Our results implicate p21 as a critical regulator of chronic bronchitis and a driver of chronic airway inflammation and lung destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Levi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nurit Papismadov
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Julia Majewska
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lior Roitman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Noa Wigoda
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yossi Ovadya
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hagay Akiva
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ofer Regev
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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2
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Kolodkin-Gal D, Roitman L, Ovadya Y, Azazmeh N, Assouline B, Schlesinger Y, Kalifa R, Horwitz S, Khalatnik Y, Hochner-Ger A, Imam A, Demma JA, Winter E, Benyamini H, Elgavish S, Khatib AAS, Meir K, Atlan K, Pikarsky E, Parnas O, Dor Y, Zamir G, Ben-Porath I, Krizhanovsky V. Senolytic elimination of Cox2-expressing senescent cells inhibits the growth of premalignant pancreatic lesions. Gut 2022; 71:345-355. [PMID: 33649045 PMCID: PMC8762039 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cellular senescence limits tumourigenesis by blocking the proliferation of premalignant cells. Additionally, however, senescent cells can exert paracrine effects influencing tumour growth. Senescent cells are present in premalignant pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions, yet their effects on the disease are poorly characterised. It is currently unknown whether senolytic drugs, aimed at eliminating senescent cells from lesions, could be beneficial in blocking tumour development. DESIGN To uncover the functions of senescent cells and their potential contribution to early pancreatic tumourigenesis, we isolated and characterised senescent cells from PanINs formed in a Kras-driven mouse model, and tested the consequences of their targeted elimination through senolytic treatment. RESULTS We found that senescent PanIN cells exert a tumour-promoting effect through expression of a proinflammatory signature that includes high Cox2 levels. Senolytic treatment with the Bcl2-family inhibitor ABT-737 eliminated Cox2-expressing senescent cells, and an intermittent short-duration treatment course dramatically reduced PanIN development and progression to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that senescent PanIN cells support tumour growth and progression, and provide a first indication that elimination of senescent cells may be effective as preventive therapy for the progression of precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research – Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel,Department of Surgery, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Roitman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yossi Ovadya
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Narmen Azazmeh
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research – Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Assouline
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research – Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehuda Schlesinger
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Kalifa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research – Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel,Department of Surgery, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shaul Horwitz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research – Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel,Department of Surgery, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yonatan Khalatnik
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research – Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel,Department of Surgery, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Hochner-Ger
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research – Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel,Department of Surgery, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ashraf Imam
- Department of Surgery, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Eitan Winter
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharona Elgavish
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Areej AS Khatib
- Master of Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem, Palestine
| | - Karen Meir
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karine Atlan
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Pikarsky
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah–Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Parnas
- The Concern Foundation Laboratories at the Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University–Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gideon Zamir
- Department of Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ittai Ben-Porath
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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3
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Kalaora S, Nagler A, Nejman D, Alon M, Barbolin C, Barnea E, Ketelaars SLC, Cheng K, Vervier K, Shental N, Bussi Y, Rotkopf R, Levy R, Benedek G, Trabish S, Dadosh T, Levin-Zaidman S, Geller LT, Wang K, Greenberg P, Yagel G, Peri A, Fuks G, Bhardwaj N, Reuben A, Hermida L, Johnson SB, Galloway-Peña JR, Shropshire WC, Bernatchez C, Haymaker C, Arora R, Roitman L, Eilam R, Weinberger A, Lotan-Pompan M, Lotem M, Admon A, Levin Y, Lawley TD, Adams DJ, Levesque MP, Besser MJ, Schachter J, Golani O, Segal E, Geva-Zatorsky N, Ruppin E, Kvistborg P, Peterson SN, Wargo JA, Straussman R, Samuels Y. Identification of bacteria-derived HLA-bound peptides in melanoma. Nature 2021; 592:138-143. [PMID: 33731925 PMCID: PMC9717498 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A variety of species of bacteria are known to colonize human tumours1-11, proliferate within them and modulate immune function, which ultimately affects the survival of patients with cancer and their responses to treatment12-14. However, it is not known whether antigens derived from intracellular bacteria are presented by the human leukocyte antigen class I and II (HLA-I and HLA-II, respectively) molecules of tumour cells, or whether such antigens elicit a tumour-infiltrating T cell immune response. Here we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and HLA peptidomics to identify a peptide repertoire derived from intracellular bacteria that was presented on HLA-I and HLA-II molecules in melanoma tumours. Our analysis of 17 melanoma metastases (derived from 9 patients) revealed 248 and 35 unique HLA-I and HLA-II peptides, respectively, that were derived from 41 species of bacteria. We identified recurrent bacterial peptides in tumours from different patients, as well as in different tumours from the same patient. Our study reveals that peptides derived from intracellular bacteria can be presented by tumour cells and elicit immune reactivity, and thus provides insight into a mechanism by which bacteria influence activation of the immune system and responses to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Kalaora
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Nagler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Deborah Nejman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Alon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chaya Barbolin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eilon Barnea
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Steven L C Ketelaars
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kuoyuan Cheng
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory (CDSL), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Noam Shental
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel
| | - Yuval Bussi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronen Levy
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gil Benedek
- Tissue Typing and Immunogenetics Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sophie Trabish
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tali Dadosh
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Smadar Levin-Zaidman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Leore T Geller
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kun Wang
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory (CDSL), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Polina Greenberg
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gal Yagel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviyah Peri
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Garold Fuks
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Neerupma Bhardwaj
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leandro Hermida
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory (CDSL), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah B Johnson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cara Haymaker
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reetakshi Arora
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lior Roitman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adina Weinberger
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Lotan-Pompan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Lotem
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arie Admon
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yishai Levin
- The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal J Besser
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno Oncology and Melanoma, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- The Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno Oncology and Melanoma, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naama Geva-Zatorsky
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- MaRS Centre, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Azrieli Global Scholar, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory (CDSL), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott N Peterson
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ravid Straussman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yardena Samuels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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4
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Sagiv A, Bar-Shai A, Levi N, Hatzav M, Zada L, Ovadya Y, Roitman L, Manella G, Regev O, Majewska J, Vadai E, Eilam R, Feigelson SW, Tsoory M, Tauc M, Alon R, Krizhanovsky V. p53 in Bronchial Club Cells Facilitates Chronic Lung Inflammation by Promoting Senescence. Cell Rep 2019; 22:3468-3479. [PMID: 29590616 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 limits tumorigenesis by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and senescence. Although p53 is known to limit inflammation during tumor development, its role in regulating chronic lung inflammation is less well understood. To elucidate the function of airway epithelial p53 in such inflammation, we subjected genetically modified mice, whose bronchial epithelial club cells lack p53, to repetitive inhalations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an exposure that leads to severe chronic bronchitis and airway senescence in wild-type mice. Surprisingly, the club cell p53 knockout mice exhibited reduced airway senescence and bronchitis in response to chronic LPS exposure and were significantly protected from global lung destruction. Furthermore, pharmacological elimination of senescent cells also protected wild-type mice from chronic LPS-induced bronchitis. Our results implicate p53 in induction of club-cell senescence and correlate epithelial cell senescence of chronic airway inflammation and lung destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Sagiv
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Bar-Shai
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naama Levi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Miki Hatzav
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior Zada
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yossi Ovadya
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior Roitman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gal Manella
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofer Regev
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Julia Majewska
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ezra Vadai
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raya Eilam
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sara W Feigelson
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michel Tauc
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
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5
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Farack L, Golan M, Egozi A, Dezorella N, Bahar Halpern K, Ben-Moshe S, Garzilli I, Tóth B, Roitman L, Krizhanovsky V, Itzkovitz S. Transcriptional Heterogeneity of Beta Cells in the Intact Pancreas. Dev Cell 2018; 48:115-125.e4. [PMID: 30503750 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells have been shown to be heterogeneous at multiple levels. However, spatially interrogating transcriptional heterogeneity in the intact tissue has been challenging. Here, we developed an optimized protocol for single-molecule transcript imaging in the intact pancreas and used it to identify a sub-population of "extreme" beta cells with elevated mRNA levels of insulin and other secretory genes. Extreme beta cells contain higher ribosomal and proinsulin content but lower levels of insulin protein in fasted states, suggesting they may be tuned for basal insulin secretion. They exhibit a distinctive intra-cellular polarization pattern, with elevated mRNA concentrations in an apical ER-enriched compartment, distinct from the localization of nascent and mature proteins. The proportion of extreme cells increases in db/db diabetic mice, potentially facilitating the required increase in basal insulin. Our results thus highlight a sub-population of beta cells that may carry distinct functional roles along physiological and pathological timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Farack
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Matan Golan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Adi Egozi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nili Dezorella
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Keren Bahar Halpern
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shani Ben-Moshe
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Immacolata Garzilli
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Beáta Tóth
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lior Roitman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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6
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Alteber Z, Sharbi-Yunger A, Pevsner-Fischer M, Blat D, Roitman L, Tzehoval E, Elinav E, Eisenbach L. The anti-inflammatory IFITM genes ameliorate colitis and partially protect from tumorigenesis by changing immunity and microbiota. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:284-297. [PMID: 29356071 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays pivotal roles in different stages of tumor development. Screening for predisposing genetic abnormalities and understanding the roles these genes play in the crosstalk between immune and cancer cells will provide new targets for cancer therapy and prevention. The interferon inducible transmembrane (IFITM) genes are involved in pathogenesis of the gastro-intestinal tract. We aimed at delineating the role of IFITM3 in colonic epithelial homeostasis, inflammation and colitis-associated tumorigenesis using IFITM3-deficient mice. Chemical induction of colitis in IFITM3-deficient mice results in significantly increased clinical signs of inflammation and induction of invasive tumorigenesis. Bone marrow transplantation showed that cells of the hematopoietic system are responsible for colitis deterioration. In these mice, impaired cytokine expression skewed inflammatory response toward pathogenic Th17 with reduced expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 during the recovery phase. Intriguingly, mice lacking the entire IFITM locus developed spontaneous chronic colitis from the age of 14 weeks. Sequencing the 16S rRNA of naïve mice lacking IFITM3 gene, or the entire locus containing five IFITM genes, revealed these mice had significant bacterial differences from their wild-type littermates. Our novel results provide strong evidence for the essential role of IFITM genes in ameliorating colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Alteber
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Adi Sharbi-Yunger
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | | | - Dan Blat
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Lior Roitman
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Esther Tzehoval
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Lea Eisenbach
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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7
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Biran A, Zada L, Abou Karam P, Vadai E, Roitman L, Ovadya Y, Porat Z, Krizhanovsky V. Quantitative identification of senescent cells in aging and disease. Aging Cell 2017; 16:661-671. [PMID: 28455874 PMCID: PMC5506427 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells are present in premalignant lesions and sites of tissue damage and accumulate in tissues with age. In vivo identification, quantification and characterization of senescent cells are challenging tasks that limit our understanding of the role of senescent cells in diseases and aging. Here, we present a new way to precisely quantify and identify senescent cells in tissues on a single‐cell basis. The method combines a senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase assay with staining of molecular markers for cellular senescence and of cellular identity. By utilizing technology that combines flow cytometry with high‐content image analysis, we were able to quantify senescent cells in tumors, fibrotic tissues, and tissues of aged mice. Our approach also yielded the finding that senescent cells in tissues of aged mice are larger than nonsenescent cells. Thus, this method provides a basis for quantitative assessment of senescent cells and it offers proof of principle for combination of different markers of senescence. It paves the way for screening of senescent cells for identification of new senescence biomarkers, genes that bypass senescence or senolytic compounds that eliminate senescent cells, thus enabling a deeper understanding of the senescent state in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Biran
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Lior Zada
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Paula Abou Karam
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Ezra Vadai
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Lior Roitman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Yossi Ovadya
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit; Biological Services Department; Weizmann Institute of Science; 76100 Rehovot Israel
| | - Valery Krizhanovsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
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8
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Abstract
CD24 is a small, mucin-type glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface molecule expressed by neutrophils, pre B lymphocytes and certain human tumor cell lines. CD24 has been identified as a ligand for P-selectin in both mouse and human cells. We previously reported that the P-selectin-CD24 binding pathway is important for the binding of the breast carcinoma cell line KS to platelets and the rolling of these cells on endothelial P-selectin. In the present study we have analyzed the expression of CD24 on human breast carcinoma cell lines and on fresh breast carcinoma specimens using the CD24-specific antibody ML-5. Our study clearly demonstrates that CD24 is abundantly expressed on cell lines and fresh tissues of breast carcinomas. We find a differential expression of CD24 in breast carcinomas (cytoplasmic pattern) versus benign breast lesions (apical pattern). Moreover, the intensity of CD24 expression increases with the histological grade of the tumor. Thus, CD24 expression might be a useful marker for human breast carcinoma and play a role in facilitating metastasis by the interaction between tumor cells and platelets or endothelial cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- CD24 Antigen
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Female
- Fibroadenoma/chemistry
- Fibroadenoma/pathology
- Fibrocystic Breast Disease/chemistry
- Fibrocystic Breast Disease/pathology
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fogel
- Tumor Immunology Research Laboratory, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot, Israel
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9
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Kostenich G, Orenstein A, Roitman L, Malik Z, Ehrenberg B. In vivo photodynamic therapy with the new near-IR absorbing water soluble photosensitizer lutetium texaphyrin and a high intensity pulsed light delivery system. J Photochem Photobiol B 1997; 39:36-42. [PMID: 9210320 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(96)00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An in vivo fluorescence monitoring and photodynamic therapy (PDT) study was performed using the new photosensitizer lutetium texaphyrin (Lu-Tex). This photosensitizer is water soluble and has the additional advantage of strong absorption near 730 nm. C26 colon carcinoma was transplanted in the foot of BALB/c mice. In vivo fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to study Lu-Tex tissue distribution kinetics. For this purpose, fluorescence intensity both in the foot with the tumor and in the normal foot was measured in vivo by the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) system. For PDT, both feet of the mice were irradiated simultaneously with the use of a new high intensity pulsed light delivery system, the Photodyne. The results of the LIF measurements showed that the maximal fluorescence intensity ratio between the normal and tumor bearing foot (FIR) was observed 24-48 h after the agent injection. Photoirradiation with doses from 90 to 240 J cm-2 (0.6 J cm-2 per 2 ms pulse, 1 Hz) 24 h after injection of Lu-Tex at a dose of 10 mg kg-1 caused significant tumor necrosis and delay in the tumor growth rate. The antitumor effect was enhanced with increasing light doses. Normal tissue response to PDT with Lu-Tex was determined as the damage index of the normal foot, which was irradiated simultaneously with the tumor bearing foot. The normal tissue response after PDT with Lu-Tex was compared with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induced protoporphyrin IX (PP), chlorin e6 (Chl) and Photofrin (PII) at the same values of antitumor effect. The results showed that at 50, 80 and 100% inhibition of tumor growth the orders of the values of normal foot damage indexes were as follows: ALA > Lu-Tex > or = PII > Chl, PII > ALA > Lu-Tex > Chl and PII > Lu-Tex > ALA > Chl respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kostenich
- Plastic Surgery Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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10
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Orenstein A, Kostenich G, Roitman L, Shechtman Y, Kopolovic Y, Ehrenberg B, Malik Z. A comparative study of tissue distribution and photodynamic therapy selectivity of chlorin e6, Photofrin II and ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX in a colon carcinoma model. Br J Cancer 1996; 73:937-44. [PMID: 8611429 PMCID: PMC2075833 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An in vivo study of tissue distribution kinetics and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA), chlorin e6 (Chl) and Photofrin (PII) was performed to evaluate the selectivity of porphyrin accumulation and tissue damage effects in a tumour model compared with normal tissue. C26 colon carcinoma of mice transplanted to the foot was used as a model for selectivity assessment. Fluorescence measurements of porphyrin accumulation in the foot bearing the tumour and in the normal foot were performed by the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) system. A new high-intensity pulsed light delivery system (HIPLS) was used for simultaneous irradiation of both feet by light in the range of 600-800 nm, with light doses from 120 to 300 J cm-2 (0.6 J cm-2 per pulse, 1 Hz). Photoirradiation was carried out 1 h after injection of ALA, 3 h after injection of Chl and 24 h after injection of PII. A ratio of porphyrin accumulation in tumour vs normal tissue was used as an index of accumulation selectivity for each agent. PDT selectivity was determined from the regression analysis of normal and tumour tissue responses to PDT as a function of the applied light dose. A normal tissue damage index was defined at various values (50, 80 and 100%) of antitumour effect. The results of the LIF measurements revealed different patterns of fluorescence intensity in tumour and normal tissues for ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (ALA-PpIX), Chl and PII. The results of PDT demonstrated the differences in both anti-tumour efficiency and normal tissue damage for the agents used. The selectivity of porphyrin accumulation in the tumour at the time of photoirradiation, as obtained by the LIF measurements, was in the order ALA-PpIX > Chl > PII. PDT selectivity at an equal value of anti-tumour effect was in the order Chl > ALA-PpIX > PII. Histological examination revealed certain differences in structural changes of normal skin after PDT with the agents tested. The results of PDT selectivity assessment with respect to differences in mechanisms of action for ALA, Chl and PII are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Orenstein
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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11
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Malik Z, Kostenich G, Roitman L, Ehrenberg B, Orenstein A. Topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid, DMSO and EDTA: protoporphyrin IX accumulation in skin and tumours of mice. J Photochem Photobiol B 1995; 28:213-8. [PMID: 7623186 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(95)07117-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) application in three different creams was carried out on mice bearing subcutaneously transplanted C26 colon carcinoma. The creams contained (a) 20% ALA alone, (b) ALA with 2% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and (c) ALA, DMSO and 2% edetic acid disodium salt (EDTA). Protoporphyrin IX (PP) production in the tumour and in the skin overlying the tumour was studied by two methods: laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and chemical extraction. The kinetics of PP production in the skin and in the tumour, as studied by the LIF method, was similar for all three cream preparations. The PP fluorescence intensity in the tissues reached its maximum 4-6 h after application of the creams. Quantitative analysis showed that the PP concentration after treatment was more pronounced in the skin than in the tumour. The efficiency of porphyrin production in the skin by the creams used was in the following order: ALA-DMSO-EDTA > ALA-DMSO > ALA. In the tumour the enhancing effect of DMSO and EDTA on PP accumulation induced by ALA was observed mainly in the upper 2 mm section. However, the concentration of PP in the tumour was found to be approximately the same for ALA-DMSO and ALA-DMSO-EDTA cream combinations. The possible mechanisms of the effect of DMSO and EDTA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Malik
- Life Sciences Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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12
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Abstract
A spectroscopic and photophysical study of three new sapphyrin molecules is presented. The sapphyrin backbone that was derivatized to make them water soluble possesses an absorption band around 700 nm, a desired property for biological photosensitization. We studied the absorption and fluorescence spectra, from which evidence for aggregation in solvents of different polarities was obtained. The extent of aggregation is correlated with the nature of the attached moiety. The absolute quantum yields of singlet oxygen production were measured, with 1,3-diphenyl isobenzofuran as a model target, and were 0.13-0.18 in ethanol. The binding constants to liposomes and to cells were determined spectroscopically and were found to correspond to the hydrophobicities of the compounds, with an additional effect, ascribed to the sugar moiety, which was found in the case of one of the sapphyrins. The efficiency of photodamage to Staphylococcus aureus by sapphyrins and hematoporphyrin was equivalent, on the basis of cells killed per microgram of sensitizer in the incubation mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Roitman
- Department of Physics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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13
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Kispert JF, Kazmers A, Roitman L. Preoperative spirometry predicts perioperative pulmonary complications after major vascular surgery. Am Surg 1992; 58:491-5. [PMID: 1642387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study determined utility of preoperative spirometry for prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) defined as pneumonia, ventilator dependence greater than 48 hours, and adult respiratory distress syndrome in 147 patients undergoing vascular surgery from June 1988 through March 1990 [39 aortic aneurysm repairs, 21 carotid procedures, and 87 operations for occlusive disease including aorto-ileofemoral, infra-inguinal, and visceral]. The incidence of PPC was 12.9 per cent, while cardiac complications (myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and ventricular arrhythmias) were present in 9.8 per cent. Prior or current smoking, which was present in 80 per cent, was not predictive of PPC. FEV1 was 2.2 +/- 0.7 L/s (mean +/- 1 SD). Abnormal FEV1 (2.0 or less L/s) was present in 42 per cent (n = 62). For FEV1 of 2.0 or less, PPC rate was 22.5 per cent versus 5.8 per cent for FEV1 greater than 2.0 L/s (P less than 0.005, Fisher exact). The incidence of PPC was 30.7 per cent for aortic aneurysm repair, 8.0 per cent for occlusive disease, and 4.7 per cent for carotid procedures. Abdominal aortic procedures (performed in 67 patients: 39 for aortic aneurysm repair and 28 for aortoiliac occlusive disease) were associated with a PPC rate of 22.4 per cent versus 5.0 per cent for "nonabdominal" procedures (P less than 0.002, Fisher exact). Life table analysis after surgery demonstrated decreased survival for patients with PPC (P = 0.031, Mantel-Haensel) during follow-up (250 +/- 165 days). PPC are associated with abnormal FEV1 and abdominal vascular procedures. In conclusion, preoperative spirometry is useful for the prediction of PPC after vascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Kispert
- Vascular Surgery Service, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Kazmers A, Kispert JF, Roitman L, Endean ED, Hyde GL, Ryo UY. Thallium redistribution does not predict perioperative cardiac complications following vascular surgery. J Ky Med Assoc 1991; 89:279-84. [PMID: 1856587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Utility of preoperative stress thallium scintigraphy (STS) was determined in 59 patients, thought to be at increased risk, prior to major vascular surgery from July 1987 to February 1990. Forty-seven had oral dipyridamole and 12 underwent exercise STS. Thallium redistribution (TR) was present in 61% (n = 36); fixed defects were present in 59% (n = 35); and some combination of defects was present in 76% (n = 45). Perioperative cardiac complications (CC = congestive heart failure [n = 3], ventricular arrhythmia [n = 2], and MI [n = 1]) were present in 8.5% (6 CC in 5 patients). Incidence of CC was 8.3% (3/36) in those with TR, and 8.7% (2/23) without TR (relative risk = 0.95). Perioperative MI was present in 2.8% (1/36) with TR vs. 0% (0/23) without. Though mortality was 3.4%, no perioperative deaths were from cardiac disease. Utility of STS is not clearly established for prediction of perioperative cardiac risk after major vascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kazmers
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky Medical Center
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