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Klein LM, Lamp J, Schopf C, Gabler AM, Kaltner F, Guldimann C, Rychlik M, Schwake-Anduschus C, Knappstein K, Gottschalk C. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and tropane alkaloids in milk samples from individual dairy farms of the German federal states of Bavaria and Schleswig-Holstein. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38592240 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2336054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
1,2-Dehydro-pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), their corresponding N-oxides (PANO) and tropane alkaloids (TA), are toxic plant metabolites. If plant material, containing these toxins, is present in the feed of dairy cows these toxins can be transferred into milk. Here, milk was sampled directly from dairy farms in the German federal states of Bavaria and Schleswig-Holstein in 2020-2022 in order to investigate a possible contamination of milk at the production stage. In total, 228 milk samples were analysed for 54 PA/PANO and two TA by a sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS method. In addition, a subset of milk samples (n = 85) was independently analysed for TA by a cooperating laboratory for verification. PA/PANO were found in 26 samples (11%) with a low median sum content of the contaminated samples of 0.024 µg/L. The highest level of contamination was 5.6 µg/L. Senecionine-, lycopsamine- and heliotrine-type PA/PANO were detected. In four samples (1.8%), atropine was determined up to 0.066 µg/L. The toxin levels in the milk samples hardly contributed to the total daily exposure. These data are first-time results on contamination rates and levels occurring in milk from individual dairy farms, based on a large sample number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Monika Klein
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU in Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Julika Lamp
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina Schopf
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU in Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Miriam Gabler
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Kaltner
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Guldimann
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christine Schwake-Anduschus
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Detmold, Germany
| | - Karin Knappstein
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Gottschalk
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU in Munich, Munich, Germany
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Klein LM, Gabler AM, Rychlik M, Gottschalk C, Kaltner F. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method for isomer separation and quantitative determination of 51 pyrrolizidine alkaloids and two tropane alkaloids in cow's milk. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:8107-8124. [PMID: 36183043 PMCID: PMC9613554 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), their corresponding N-oxides (PANO), and tropane alkaloids (TA) are toxic secondary plant metabolites. Their possible transfer into the milk of dairy cows has been studied in feeding trials; however, only few data on the occurrence of these toxins in milk are available. In this study, the development of a sensitive analytical approach for the simultaneous detection and quantification of a broad range of 54 PA/PANO as well as of the TA atropine and scopolamine in milk of dairy cows is presented. The method optimisation focused on sensitivity and separation of PA/PANO isomers. Milk samples were extracted using liquid–liquid extraction with aqueous formic acid and n-hexane, followed by a cation-exchange solid-phase extraction for purification. Reversed phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis was performed using alkaline solvent conditions. Validation proved low limits of detection and quantification of 0.005 to 0.054 µg/L and of 0.009 to 0.123 µg/L, respectively. For 51 of the 54 tested PA/PANO and both TA, the recovery rates ranged from 64 to 127% with repeatability (RSDr) values below 15% at concentration levels of 0.05 and 0.50 µg/L and below 8% at a concentration level of 3.00 µg/L. Only three PANO did not match the validation criteria and were therefore regarded as semiquantitative. The final method was applied to 15 milk samples obtained from milk vending stations at farms and from local marketers in Bavaria, Germany. In three of the milk samples, traces of PA were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Monika Klein
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany. .,Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Angelika Miriam Gabler
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Christoph Gottschalk
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.,Unit Plant Toxins and Mycotoxins, Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kaltner
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Schoenleutnerstr. 8, 85764, Oberschleissheim, Germany.,Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17-19, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Micallef INM, Ho AD, Klein LM, Marulkar S, Gandhi PJ, Calandra G, McSweeney PA. Plerixafor (Mozobil) for stem cell mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma previously treated with lenalidomide. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 46:350-5. [PMID: 20479709 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lenalidomide and other new agents have considerable activity in multiple myeloma (MM) and have changed the landscape of treatment. Data suggest that lenalidomide therapy before autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has a detrimental effect on stem cell mobilization. This retrospective study examined the efficacy of plerixafor in combination with G-CSF among patients with MM previously treated with lenalidomide (median, 4 cycles; range, 1-20 cycles). Data were analyzed for 60 patients who received plerixafor plus G-CSF for frontline mobilization in a phase 3 clinical trial or an expanded access program (n=20) or for remobilization in a compassionate use program (n=40). The overall median number of CD34+ cells collected was 5.6 × 10(6) per kg (range, 0.45 × 10(6)-37.2 × 10(6)). The minimum number of CD34+ cells (2 × 10(6) per kg) was collected from 86.7% of patients in a median of 1 day. This minimum was collected from 100% of patients who underwent frontline mobilization and 80% of patients who underwent remobilization. These data suggest that CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells can be successfully and predictably collected with combination plerixafor plus G-CSF for primary or secondary mobilization in the majority of patients with MM who have been previously treated with lenalidomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- I N M Micallef
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Klein LM. Lady Anne Clifford as mother and matriarch: domestic and dynastic issues in her life and writings. J Fam Hist 2001; 26:18-38. [PMID: 19320088 DOI: 10.1177/036319900102600102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This essay interprets the life and writings of Lady Anne Clifford with a new focus on Clifford’s maternal experiences in the context of the early modern aristocratic family. Clifford’s ownwritings reveal her anxieties about pregnancy and her experiences as a mother who lost five infant sons yet nurtured two daughters to maturity, thence to become a thriving grandmother. It also uncovers and corrects an error in the genealogical record regarding the birth of Clifford’s son, demonstrating the need to reframe historical inquiry to include domestic evidence and subjective life-writings. Clifford’s case reveals the extent to which motherhood, besides being her biological destiny, was a foundation of identity and a vital source of cultural authority for the early modern woman.
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Klein DN, Norden KA, Ferro T, Leader JB, Kasch KL, Klein LM, Schwartz JE, Aronson TA. Thirty-month naturalistic follow-up study of early-onset dysthymic disorder: course, diagnostic stability, and prediction of outcome. J Abnorm Psychol 1998. [PMID: 9604563 DOI: 10.1037//0021-843x.107.2.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dysthymic disorder (DD) is defined and distinguished from major depressive disorder (MDD) largely on the basis of its course. Surprisingly, however, there have been few prospective, longitudinal studies of the naturalistic course of DD. This article reports the major findings from a prospective, longitudinal 30-month follow-up study of 86 outpatients with early-onset DD (EOD) and 39 outpatients with episodic MDD. Follow-up assessments included the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Compared with patients with episodic MDD, patients with EOD exhibited less improvement from the baseline evaluation and were more symptomatic at follow-up. Only 39% of patients with EOD recovered from DD during the follow-up period. The diagnosis of DD was fairly stable, with 52% of the EOD group meeting full criteria for DD at follow-up. These data provide prospective confirmation of the chronic course of DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Klein
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-2500, USA.
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Klein DN, Norden KA, Ferro T, Leader JB, Kasch KL, Klein LM, Schwartz JE, Aronson TA. Thirty-month naturalistic follow-up study of early-onset dysthymic disorder: course, diagnostic stability, and prediction of outcome. J Abnorm Psychol 1998; 107:338-48. [PMID: 9604563 DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.107.2.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dysthymic disorder (DD) is defined and distinguished from major depressive disorder (MDD) largely on the basis of its course. Surprisingly, however, there have been few prospective, longitudinal studies of the naturalistic course of DD. This article reports the major findings from a prospective, longitudinal 30-month follow-up study of 86 outpatients with early-onset DD (EOD) and 39 outpatients with episodic MDD. Follow-up assessments included the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Compared with patients with episodic MDD, patients with EOD exhibited less improvement from the baseline evaluation and were more symptomatic at follow-up. Only 39% of patients with EOD recovered from DD during the follow-up period. The diagnosis of DD was fairly stable, with 52% of the EOD group meeting full criteria for DD at follow-up. These data provide prospective confirmation of the chronic course of DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Klein
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-2500, USA.
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Abstract
We studied the response of a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line, SCC-12F, to human complement attack and found that the cells were completely resistant to complement lysis. In the absence of lysis, there was significant C3 deposition and C5b-9 deposition on the cells. Removal of the lipid-linked complement regulatory proteins CD59 and decay-accelerating factor (DAF) by treatment of the cells with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC) resulted in increased C3b and C5b-9 deposition on the cells and a slight increase in cell death. Treatment of the cells with complement caused them to release membrane vesicles containing the terminal complement proteins. In addition, complement induced SCC-12F to produce significant amounts of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). We conclude that CD59 and DAF are important in the resistance of SCC-12F to complement and that these cells produce membrane vesicles and PGF2alpha in response to complement attack. These responses, in the absence of cell death, may be important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin disease in which complement is deposited.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Whitlow
- Veteran's Administration Medical Center, and Ronald O. Perleman Department of Dermatology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, U.S.A
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Abstract
ALS is a progressive degenerative neuromuscular disease for which there is no known cause, treatment, or cure. The steady disease progression of muscle weakness eventually causes paralysis, disabling the patient. Day-to-day patient care and management most frequently fall to family members. The resultant financial burden can be enormous. We review financial issues related to the diagnosis, management of disease progression, and issues of life support. Cost-effective solutions are discussed. It is believed the key to reduction of costs is education of the health care community, patients and families, and third-party payers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Klein
- National Organization for Rare Disorders, New Fairfield, CT 06812-8923, USA
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Campbell CM, Parboosingh JT, Gondocz ST, Babitskaya G, Lindsay E, De Guzman RC, Klein LM. Study of physicians' use of a software program to create a portfolio of their self-directed learning. Acad Med 1996; 71:S49-S51. [PMID: 8940933 DOI: 10.1097/00001888-199610000-00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Campbell
- Office of Fellowship Affairs, Maintenance of Competence, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Klein LM, Lavker RM, Matis WL, Murphy GF. Degranulation of human mast cells induces an endothelial antigen central to leukocyte adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989; 86:8972-6. [PMID: 2479033 PMCID: PMC298413 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.22.8972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand better the role of mast cell secretory products in the genesis of inflammation, a system was developed for in vitro degranulation of human mast cells in skin organ cultures. Within 2 hr after morphine sulfate-induced degranulation, endothelial cells lining microvessels adjacent to affected mast cells expressed an activation antigen important for endothelial-leukocyte adhesion. Identical results were obtained when other mast cell secretagogues (anti-IgE, compound 48/80, and calcium ionophore A23187) were used. Induction of this antigen was abrogated by preincubation with cromolyn sodium, an inhibitor of mast cell secretion, and by antiserum to tumor necrosis factor alpha. These findings indicate that degranulation of mast cells activates dermal endothelium through tumor necrosis factor-dependent mechanisms. This event may be critical to the elicitation phase of cutaneous inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Klein
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104
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Klein LM. Comments on infant mortality. J Med Assoc Ga 1987; 76:98. [PMID: 3559436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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