1
|
Klein LM, Lamp J, Schopf C, Gabler AM, Kaltner F, Guldimann C, Rychlik M, Schwake-Anduschus C, Knappstein K, Gottschalk C. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids and tropane alkaloids in milk samples from individual dairy farms of the German federal states of Bavaria and Schleswig-Holstein. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38592240 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2336054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
1,2-Dehydro-pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), their corresponding N-oxides (PANO) and tropane alkaloids (TA), are toxic plant metabolites. If plant material, containing these toxins, is present in the feed of dairy cows these toxins can be transferred into milk. Here, milk was sampled directly from dairy farms in the German federal states of Bavaria and Schleswig-Holstein in 2020-2022 in order to investigate a possible contamination of milk at the production stage. In total, 228 milk samples were analysed for 54 PA/PANO and two TA by a sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS method. In addition, a subset of milk samples (n = 85) was independently analysed for TA by a cooperating laboratory for verification. PA/PANO were found in 26 samples (11%) with a low median sum content of the contaminated samples of 0.024 µg/L. The highest level of contamination was 5.6 µg/L. Senecionine-, lycopsamine- and heliotrine-type PA/PANO were detected. In four samples (1.8%), atropine was determined up to 0.066 µg/L. The toxin levels in the milk samples hardly contributed to the total daily exposure. These data are first-time results on contamination rates and levels occurring in milk from individual dairy farms, based on a large sample number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Monika Klein
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU in Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Julika Lamp
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina Schopf
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU in Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Angelika Miriam Gabler
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Kaltner
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Guldimann
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Christine Schwake-Anduschus
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Detmold, Germany
| | - Karin Knappstein
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Gottschalk
- Chair of Food Safety and Analytics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU in Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moenning JL, Krause T, Lamp J, Maul R, Schenkel H, Fürst P, Pieper R, Numata J. Transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from oral exposure into cow's milk - part II: toxicokinetic predictive models for risk assessment. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:484-497. [PMID: 36345910 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from oral exposure into cow's milk is not purely an experimental endeavour, as it has produced a large corpus of theoretical work. This work consists of a variety of predictive toxicokinetic models in the realms of health and environmental risk assessment and risk management. Their purpose is to provide mathematical predictive tools to organise and integrate knowledge on the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion processes. Toxicokinetic models are based on more than 50 years of transfer studies summarised in part I of this review series. Here in part II, several of these models are described and systematically classified with a focus on their applicability to risk analysis as well as their limitations. This part of the review highlights the opportunities and challenges along the way towards accurate, congener-specific predictive models applicable to changing animal breeds and husbandry conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Louis Moenning
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, Berlin10589, Germany
| | - Torsten Krause
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish, Max Rubner-Institut, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, Kiel24103, Germany
| | - Julika Lamp
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish, Max Rubner-Institut, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, Kiel24103, Germany
| | - Ronald Maul
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish, Max Rubner-Institut, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, Kiel24103, Germany
| | - Hans Schenkel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, Stuttgart70599, Germany
| | - Peter Fürst
- Chemical and Veterinary Analytical Institute Münsterland-Emscher-Lippe (CVUA-MEL), Joseph-König-Straße 40, Münster48147, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, Berlin10589, Germany
| | - Jorge Numata
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, Berlin10589, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Krause T, Moenning JL, Lamp J, Maul R, Schenkel H, Fürst P, Pieper R, Numata J. Transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from oral exposure into cow's milk - Part I: state of knowledge and uncertainties. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:448-470. [PMID: 36089770 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) (collectively and colloquially referred to as 'dioxins') as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminants that may unintentionally enter and accumulate along the food chain. Owing to their chronic toxic effects in humans and bioaccumulative properties, their presence in feed and food requires particular attention. One important exposure pathway for consumers is consumption of milk and dairy products. Their transfer from feed to milk has been studied for the past 50 years to quantify the uptake and elimination kinetics. We extracted transfer parameters (transfer rate, transfer factor, biotransfer factor and elimination half-lives) in a machine-readable format from seventy-six primary and twenty-nine secondary literature items. Kinetic data for some toxicologically relevant dioxin congeners and the elimination half-lives of dioxin-like PCBs are still not available. A well-defined selection of transfer parameters from literature was statistically analysed and shown to display high variability. To understand this variability, we discuss the data with an emphasis on influencing factors, such as experimental conditions, cow performance parameters and metabolic state. While no universal interpretation could be derived, a tendency for increased transfer into milk is apparently connected to an increase in milk yield and milk fat yield as well as during times of body fat mobilisation, for example during the negative energy balance after calving. Over the past decades, milk yield has increased to over 40 kg/d during high lactation, so more research is needed on how this impacts feed to food transfer for PCDD/Fs and PCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Krause
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Louis Moenning
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julika Lamp
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103Kiel, Germany
| | - Ronald Maul
- Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans Schenkel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Fürst
- Chemical and Veterinary Analytical Institute Münsterland-Emscher-Lippe (CVUA-MEL), Joseph-König-Straße 40, 48147 Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorge Numata
- Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Krause T, Lamp J, Knappstein K, Walte HG, Moenning JL, Molkentin J, Ober F, Susenbeth A, Westreicher-Kristen E, Schwind KH, Dänicke S, Fürst P, Schenkel H, Pieper R, Numata J. Experimental Study on the Transfer of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzo- p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) into Milk of High-Yielding Cows during Negative and Positive Energy Balance. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:13495-13507. [PMID: 37652440 PMCID: PMC10510706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) as well as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are a major concern for food safety, especially in fat-containing foods of animal origin, such as milk. Due to the lipophilic character of PCDD/Fs and PCBs, it is of special interest to explore whether the metabolic state of high-yielding cows influences the transfer rates into milk. Five German Holstein cows were orally exposed to a mixture of 17 PCDD/Fs, 12 dl-PCBs, and 6 non-dioxin-like PCBs (ndl-PCBs) for two dosing periods of 28 days each. The first period covered the negative energy balance (NEB) after calving, while the second period addressed the positive energy balance (PEB) in late lactation. Each dosing period was followed by a depuration period of around 100 days. During the NEB phase, the transfer rates of 14 PCDD/Fs and 7 dl-PCBs quantified were significantly (p ≤ 0.1) higher compared to the PEB phase, indicating an influence of the metabolic state on the transfer. Furthermore, the congener-specific transfer rates (0.3-39%) were in the range of the results from former studies. This indicates that the milk yield of the exposed cows is not the only determining factor for the transfer of these congeners into milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Krause
- Department
of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julika Lamp
- Department
of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Karin Knappstein
- Department
of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Walte
- Department
of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Louis Moenning
- Department
Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Molkentin
- Department
of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Ober
- Department
of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Hermann-Weigmann-Str. 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Susenbeth
- Institute
of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Kiel
University (CAU), 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Schwind
- Department
of Quality and Safety of Meat, Max Rubner-Institut
(MRI), E.-C.-Baumann-Str. 20, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute
of Animal Nutrition, German Federal Research Institute for Animal
Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Fürst
- Institute
of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Schenkel
- Department
of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- Department
Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorge Numata
- Department
Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lamp J, Knappstein K, Walte HG, Krause T, Steinberg P, Schwake-Anduschus C. Transfer of tropane alkaloids (atropine and scopolamine) into the milk of subclinically exposed dairy cows. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
6
|
Krivoshei A, Uuetoa H, Min M, Annus P, Uuetoa T, Lamp J. CAP waveform estimation from the measured electrical bioimpedance values: Patient's heart rate variability analysis. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2015:2788-91. [PMID: 26736870 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7318970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents analysis of the generic transfer function (TF) between Electrical Bioimpedance (EBI) measured non-invasively on the wrist and Central Aortic Pressure (CAP) invasively measured at the aortic root. Influence of the Heart Rate (HR) variations on the generic TF and on reconstructed CAP waveforms is investigated. The HR variation analysis is provided on a single patient data to exclude inter-patient influences at the current research stage. A new approach for the generic TF estimating from a data ensemble is presented as well. Moreover, an influence of the cardiac period beginning point selection is analyzed and empirically optimal solution for its selection is proposed.
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Lamp O, Honscha KU, Jakob J, Lamp J, Schweizer S, Reischauer A, Gottschalk J, Hahn A, Ebert M, Rothemund S, Blaschzik S, Einspanier A. Investigation of the Local Expression of the Relaxin System in Canine Mammary Tumours. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 44 Suppl 2:224-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
9
|
Alteneder RR, Butler B, Lamp J, Lee C. Assessment tools in maternity units. Nurse Educ 1995; 20:7-8. [PMID: 7770180 DOI: 10.1097/00006223-199505000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|