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Savulescu C, Krizova P, Valentiner-Branth P, Ladhani S, Rinta-Kokko H, Levy C, Mereckiene J, Knol M, Winje BA, Ciruela P, de Miguel S, Guevara M, MacDonald L, Kozakova J, Slotved HC, Fry NK, Pekka Nuorti J, Danis K, Corcoran M, van der Ende A, Vestrheim DF, Munoz-Almagro C, Sanz JC, Castilla J, Smith A, Colzani E, Pastore Celentano L, Hanquet G. Effectiveness of 10 and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines against invasive pneumococcal disease in European children: SpIDnet observational multicentre study. Vaccine 2022; 40:3963-3974. [PMID: 35637067 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines covering 10 (PCV10) and 13 (PCV13) serotypes have been introduced in the infant immunization schedule of most European countries in 2010-11. To provide additional real-life data, we measured the effectiveness of PCV10 and PCV13 against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children of 12 European sites (SpIDnet). METHODS We compared the vaccination status of PCV10 and PCV13 serotype IPD (cases) to that of nonPCV13 serotype IPD (controls) reported in 2012-2018. We calculated pooled effectiveness as (1-vaccination odds ratio)*100, and measured effectiveness over time since booster dose. RESULTS The PCV13 and PCV10 studies included 2522 IPD cases from ten sites and 486 cases from four sites, respectively. The effectiveness of ≥ 1 PCV13 dose was 84.2% (95 %CI: 79.0-88.1) against PCV13 serotypes (n = 2353) and decreased from 93.1% (87.8-96.1) < 12 months to 85.1% (72.0-92.1) ≥ 24 months after booster dose. PCV13 effectiveness of ≥ 1 dose was 84.7% (55.7-94.7) against fatal PCV13 IPD, 64.5% (43.7-77.6), 83.2% (73.7-89.3) and 85.1% (67.6-93.1) against top serotypes 3, 19A and 1, respectively, and 85.4% (62.3-94.4) against 6C. Serotype 3 and 19A effectiveness declined more rapidly. PCV10 effectiveness of ≥ 1 dose was 84.8% (69.4-92.5) against PCV10 serotypes (n = 370), 27.2% (-187.6 to 81.6) and 85.3% (35.2-96.7) against top serotypes 1 and 7F, 32.5% (-28.3 to 64.5) and -14.4% (-526.5 to 79.1) against vaccine-related serotypes 19A and 6C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PCV10 and PCV13 provide similar protection against IPD due to the respective vaccine serotype groups but serotype-specific effectiveness varies by serotype and vaccine. PCV13 provided individual protection against serotype 3 and vaccine-related serotype 6C IPD. PCV10 effectiveness was not significant against vaccine-related serotypes 19A and 6C. PCV13 effectiveness declined with time after booster vaccination. This multinational study enabled measuring serotype-specific vaccine effectiveness with a precision rarely possible at the national level. Such large networks are crucial for the post-licensure evaluation of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavla Krizova
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mirjam Knol
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pilar Ciruela
- Health Agency of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marcela Guevara
- Public Health Institute of Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jana Kozakova
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - J Pekka Nuorti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kostas Danis
- Santé publique France, the National Public Health Institute, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Mary Corcoran
- Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Irish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arie van der Ende
- Academic Medical Centre, National Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Carmen Munoz-Almagro
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and International University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesus Castilla
- Public Health Institute of Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew Smith
- Bacterial Respiratory Infection Service, Scottish Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Glasgow Royal Infirmary & MVLS, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Edoardo Colzani
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Germaine Hanquet
- Epiconcept, Paris, France; Antwerp university, Antwerp, Belgium.
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2
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Kissling E, Hooiveld M, Martínez-Baz I, Mazagatos C, William N, Vilcu AM, Kooijman MN, Ilić M, Domegan L, Machado A, de Lusignan S, Lazar M, Meijer A, Brytting M, Casado I, Larrauri A, Murray JLK, Behillil S, de Gier B, Mlinarić I, O’Donnell J, Rodrigues AP, Tsang R, Timnea O, de Lange M, Riess M, Castilla J, Pozo F, Hamilton M, Falchi A, Knol MJ, Kurečić Filipović S, Dunford L, Guiomar R, Cogdale J, Cherciu C, Jansen T, Enkirch T, Basile L, Connell J, Gomez V, Sandonis Martín V, Bacci S, Rose AMC, Pastore Celentano L, Valenciano M. Effectiveness of complete primary vaccination against COVID-19 at primary care and community level during predominant Delta circulation in Europe: multicentre analysis, I-MOVE-COVID-19 and ECDC networks, July to August 2021. Euro Surveill 2022; 27:2101104. [PMID: 35620997 PMCID: PMC9137272 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.21.2101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIn July and August 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant dominated in Europe.AimUsing a multicentre test-negative study, we measured COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic infection.MethodsIndividuals with COVID-19 or acute respiratory symptoms at primary care/community level in 10 European countries were tested for SARS-CoV-2. We measured complete primary course overall VE by vaccine brand and by time since vaccination.ResultsOverall VE was 74% (95% CI: 69-79), 76% (95% CI: 71-80), 63% (95% CI: 48-75) and 63% (95% CI: 16-83) among those aged 30-44, 45-59, 60-74 and ≥ 75 years, respectively. VE among those aged 30-59 years was 78% (95% CI: 75-81), 66% (95% CI: 58-73), 91% (95% CI: 87-94) and 52% (95% CI: 40-61), for Comirnaty, Vaxzevria, Spikevax and COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen, respectively. VE among people 60 years and older was 67% (95% CI: 52-77), 65% (95% CI: 48-76) and 83% (95% CI: 64-92) for Comirnaty, Vaxzevria and Spikevax, respectively. Comirnaty VE among those aged 30-59 years was 87% (95% CI: 83-89) at 14-29 days and 65% (95% CI: 56-71%) at ≥ 90 days between vaccination and onset of symptoms.ConclusionsVE against symptomatic infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant varied among brands, ranging from 52% to 91%. While some waning of the vaccine effect may be present (sample size limited this analysis to only Comirnaty), protection was 65% at 90 days or more between vaccination and onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iván Martínez-Baz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Mazagatos
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,National Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana-Maria Vilcu
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris, France
| | - Marjolein N Kooijman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Maja Ilić
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lisa Domegan
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ausenda Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Simon de Lusignan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mihaela Lazar
- “Cantacuzino” National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adam Meijer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mia Brytting
- The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Itziar Casado
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Larrauri
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,National Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sylvie Behillil
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, UMR 3569 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot SPC, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France,CNR des virus des infections respiratoires, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Brechje de Gier
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan Mlinarić
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Joan O’Donnell
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ruby Tsang
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Timnea
- “Cantacuzino” National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marit de Lange
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pozo
- National Centre for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mirjam J Knol
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Linda Dunford
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Raquel Guiomar
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Carmen Cherciu
- “Cantacuzino” National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Luca Basile
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain,Subdirección General de Vigilancia y Respuesta a Emergencias de Salud Pública, Agencia de Salud Pública, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jeff Connell
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Verónica Gomez
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Sabrina Bacci
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Marrone G, Nicolay N, Bundle N, Karki T, Spiteri G, Suija H, Kärblane KG, Mossong J, Vergison A, Avdicova M, Mecochova A, Cullen G, O'Lorcain P, Celentano LP, Derrough T, Beauté J. Risk reduction of severe outcomes in vaccinated COVID-19 cases: an analysis of surveillance data from Estonia, Ireland, Luxembourg and Slovakia, January to November 2021. Euro Surveill 2022; 27. [PMID: 35177166 PMCID: PMC8855507 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.7.2200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite high COVID-19 vaccine coverage in the EU/EEA, there are increasing reports of SARS-CoV-2 infections and hospitalisations in vaccinated individuals. Using surveillance data from Estonia, Ireland, Luxembourg and Slovakia (January-November 2021), we estimated risk reduction of severe outcomes in vaccinated cases. Increasing age remains the most important driver of severity, and vaccination significantly reduces risk in all ages for hospitalisation (adjusted relative risk (aRR): 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26-0.39) and death (aRR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.13-0.29).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Marrone
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Nicolay
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Nick Bundle
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Tommi Karki
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Gianfranco Spiteri
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Avdicova
- Regional Public Health Authority, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | | - Tarik Derrough
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Julien Beauté
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
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4
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Colzani E, Johansen K, Johnson H, Pastore Celentano L. Human papillomavirus vaccination in the European Union/European Economic Area and globally: a moral dilemma. Euro Surveill 2021; 26:2001659. [PMID: 34915976 PMCID: PMC8728487 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.50.2001659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
While many European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries recently expanded human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to boys, HPV vaccine supply is currently limited for girls in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) that are severely affected by HPV.Globally, about 50% of countries have introduced HPV vaccination. Some LMIC with high burden of cervical cancer have not yet introduced HPV vaccination, or are reaching suboptimal vaccination coverage. While WHO issued a call for cervical cancer elimination in 2018, a global shortage of HPV vaccines is currently predicted to last at least until 2024.We reviewed national policies of EU/EEA countries and recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunisation to discuss current challenges and dose-sparing options. Several EU/EEA countries have extended HPV vaccination to boys and the European Cancer Organisation has issued a resolution for elimination of all HPV-associated cancers in both sexes. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control concluded in its 2020 guidance that cost-effectiveness of extending routine vaccination to boys depends on several context-specific factors. The extension of HPV vaccination to boys in EU/EEA countries may affect global availability of vaccines. Temporary dose-sparing options could be considered during the COVID-19 post-pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Colzani
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kari Johansen
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen Johnson
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Melidou A, Pereyaslov D, Hungnes O, Prosenc K, Alm E, Adlhoch C, Fielding J, Sneiderman M, Martinuka O, Celentano LP, Pebody R. Virological surveillance of influenza viruses in the WHO European Region in 2019/20 - impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Euro Surveill 2020; 25:2001822. [PMID: 33213683 PMCID: PMC7678039 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.46.2001822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the 2019/20 WHO European Region influenza surveillance. Compared with previous 4-year averages, antigenic and genetic characterisations decreased by 17% (3,140 vs 2,601) and 24% (4,474 vs 3,403). Of subtyped influenza A viruses, 56% (26,477/47,357) were A(H1)pdm09, 44% (20,880/47,357) A(H3). Of characterised B viruses, 98% (4,585/4,679) were B/Victoria. Considerable numbers of viruses antigenically differed from northern hemisphere vaccine components. In 2020/21, maintaining influenza virological surveillance, while supporting SARS-CoV-2 surveillance is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Melidou
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dmitriy Pereyaslov
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olav Hungnes
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katarina Prosenc
- Laboratory for Public Health Virology, National Influenza Centre Slovenia, National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Erik Alm
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Adlhoch
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James Fielding
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miriam Sneiderman
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Martinuka
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Richard Pebody
- World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Nicolay N, Mirinaviciute G, Mollet T, Celentano LP, Bacci S. Epidemiology of measles during the COVID-19 pandemic, a description of the surveillance data, 29 EU/EEA countries and the United Kingdom, January to May 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 32762795 PMCID: PMC7459270 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.31.2001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The number of measles cases declined in European Union/European Economic Area countries and the United Kingdom in 2020. Reported cases to The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control decreased from 710 to 54 between January and May. Epidemic intelligence screening observed a similar trend. Under-diagnoses and under-reporting during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic should be ruled out before concluding reduced measles circulation is because of social distancing and any community control measures taken to control COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Nicolay
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Mollet
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sabrina Bacci
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Karafillakis E, Simas C, Jarrett C, Verger P, Peretti-Watel P, Dib F, De Angelis S, Takacs J, Ali KA, Pastore Celentano L, Larson H. HPV vaccination in a context of public mistrust and uncertainty: a systematic literature review of determinants of HPV vaccine hesitancy in Europe. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:1615-1627. [PMID: 30633623 PMCID: PMC6783136 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1564436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Europe is increasingly described as the region in the world with the least confidence in vaccination, and particularly in the safety of vaccines. The aim of this systematic literature review was to gather and summarise all peer-reviewed and grey literature published about determinants of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine hesitancy in Europe. Ten thematic categories were identified across the 103 articles which were included in the review. Participants from European studies most commonly reported issues with the quantity and quality of information available about HPV vaccination; followed by concerns about potential side effects of the vaccine; and mistrust of health authorities, healthcare workers, and new vaccines. Comparative analyses indicated that confidence determinants differed by country and population groups. This evidence supports the need to develop context-specific interventions to improve confidence in HPV vaccination and design community engagement strategies aiming to build public trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Karafillakis
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
| | - Clarissa Simas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
| | - Caitlin Jarrett
- Swiss Centre for International Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Verger
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- ORS PACA, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR_S 912, IRD, Marseille, France
- INSERM, F-CRIN, Innovative clinical research network in vaccinology (I-REIVAC), GH Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Peretti-Watel
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- ORS PACA, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR_S 912, IRD, Marseille, France
- INSERM, F-CRIN, Innovative clinical research network in vaccinology (I-REIVAC), GH Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Fadia Dib
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Department of Social Epidemiology, Paris, France
- INSERM CIC 1417, F-CRIN, I-REIVAC, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, CIC Cochin, Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stefania De Angelis
- Vaccine Preventable Disease Programme, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judit Takacs
- Centre for Social Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Karam Adel Ali
- Vaccine Preventable Disease Programme, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucia Pastore Celentano
- Vaccine Preventable Disease Programme, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heidi Larson
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
- Department of Global Health, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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8
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Hanquet G, Krizova P, Valentiner-Branth P, Ladhani SN, Nuorti JP, Lepoutre A, Mereckiene J, Knol M, Winje BA, Ciruela P, Ordobas M, Guevara M, McDonald E, Morfeldt E, Kozakova J, Slotved HC, Fry NK, Rinta-Kokko H, Varon E, Corcoran M, van der Ende A, Vestrheim DF, Munoz-Almagro C, Latasa P, Castilla J, Smith A, Henriques-Normark B, Whittaker R, Pastore Celentano L, Savulescu C. Effect of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive disease in older adults of 10 European countries: implications for adult vaccination. Thorax 2018; 74:473-482. [PMID: 30355641 PMCID: PMC6484683 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have the potential to prevent pneumococcal disease through direct and indirect protection. This multicentre European study estimated the indirect effects of 5-year childhood PCV10 and/or PCV13 programmes on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in older adults across 13 sites in 10 European countries, to support decision-making on pneumococcal vaccination policies. METHODS For each site we calculated IPD incidence rate ratios (IRR) in people aged ≥65 years by serotype for each PCV10/13 year (2011-2015) compared with 2009 (pre-PCV10/13). We calculated pooled IRR and 95% CI using random-effects meta-analysis and PCV10/13 effect as (1 - IRR)*100. RESULTS After five PCV10/13 years, the incidence of IPD caused by all types, PCV7 and additional PCV13 serotypes declined 9% (95% CI -4% to 19%), 77% (95% CI 67% to 84%) and 38% (95% CI 19% to 53%), respectively, while the incidence of non-PCV13 serotypes increased 63% (95% CI 39% to 91%). The incidence of serotypes included in PCV13 and not in PCV10 decreased 37% (95% CI 22% to 50%) in six PCV13 sites and increased by 50% (95% CI -8% to 146%) in the four sites using PCV10 (alone or with PCV13). In 2015, PCV13 serotypes represented 20-29% and 32-53% of IPD cases in PCV13 and PCV10 sites, respectively. CONCLUSION Overall IPD incidence in older adults decreased moderately after five childhood PCV10/13 years in 13 European sites. Large declines in PCV10/13 serotype IPD, due to the indirect effect of childhood vaccination, were countered by increases in non-PCV13 IPD, but these declines varied according to the childhood vaccine used. Decision-making on pneumococcal vaccination for older adults must consider the indirect effects of childhood PCV programmes. Sustained monitoring of IPD epidemiology is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavla Krizova
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - J Pekka Nuorti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Mirjam Knol
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pilar Ciruela
- Public Health Agency of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marcela Guevara
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eisin McDonald
- Health Protection Scotland, National Services Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Jana Kozakova
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Emmanuelle Varon
- National Centre for Pneumococci, European Hospital George Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Mary Corcoran
- Irish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arie van der Ende
- Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carmen Munoz-Almagro
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Recerca Pediátrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pello Latasa
- General Directorate of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Castilla
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra - IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andrew Smith
- Scottish Haemophilus, Legionella, Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory, Glasgow, UK
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Whittaker
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Celentano LP, Carrillo-Santisteve P, O'Connor P, Danielsson N, Huseynov S, Derrough T, Adel Ali K, Butler R, Greco D. Global polio eradication: Where are we in Europe and what next? Vaccine 2018; 36:5449-5453. [PMID: 28477852 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The world was never so close to reach the polio eradication: only 37 cases notified in 2016 in only three countries, but the game is not yet at the end. The risk of polio outbreaks in the EU is smaller than it has ever been in the past, but it is not so small that we can ignore it. The EU MS must remain alert and plan and prepare for managing polio events or outbreaks because of the possible dire consequences. The IPV only vaccination schedule universally applied in EU has achieved satisfactory coverage, but constantly leaving small accumulating pockets of susceptible individuals. Moreover the IPV only schedule is not an absolute barrier against poliovirus silent transmission as demonstrated in the recent Israel outbreak. The availability of annually revised S.O.P. from WHO GPEI on the identification and response of a polio event, without local poliovirus transmission or a polio outbreak with sustained transmission, helps and challenge EU countries to update their polio national preparedness plans. The EU/EEA area, in fact, is a peculiar area regarding the polio risk both for its vaccination policy, the large polio vaccines manufactures and the constant immigration from areas at polio high risk, but also EU include cultural and financial potentials crucial to sustain the polio end game strategy and reach the benefit of a world without polio risk. Poliovirus eradication will continue to be challenged as long as there is the worldwide presence of polioviruses in laboratories and vaccine production plants. Most of the world's OPV vaccines are produced in the EU and many laboratories and research centers store and handle polio viruses. EU Member States are engaged actively in implementing the poliovirus biocontainment plans that are part of the polio eradication strategy and to certify the destruction of poliovirus strains and potentially contaminated biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robb Butler
- WHO EU, UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100, Denmark.
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10
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Harvala H, Jasir A, Penttinen P, Pastore Celentano L, Greco D, Broberg E. Surveillance and laboratory detection for non-polio enteroviruses in the European Union/European Economic Area, 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22. [PMID: 29162204 PMCID: PMC5718392 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.45.16-00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) cause severe outbreaks of respiratory and neurological disease as illustrated by EV-D68 and EV-A71 outbreaks, respectively. We have mapped European laboratory capacity for identification and characterisation of non-polio EVs to improve preparedness to respond to (re)-emerging EVs linked to severe disease. An online questionnaire on non-polio EV surveillance and laboratory detection was submitted to all 30 European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) countries. Twenty-nine countries responded; 26 conducted laboratory-based non-polio EV surveillance, and 24 included neurological infections in their surveillance. Eleven countries have established specific surveillance for EV-D68 via sentinel influenza surveillance (n = 7), typing EV-positive respiratory samples (n = 10) and/or acute flaccid paralysis surveillance (n = 5). Of 26 countries performing non-polio EV characterisation/typing, 10 further characterised culture-positive EV isolates, whereas the remainder typed PCR-positive but culture-negative samples. Although 19 countries have introduced sequence-based EV typing, seven still rely entirely on virus isolation. Based on 2015 data, six countries typed over 300 specimens mostly by sequencing, whereas 11 countries characterised under 50 EV-positive samples. EV surveillance activity varied between EU/EEA countries, and did not always specifically target patients with neurological and/or respiratory infections. Introduction of sequence-based typing methods is needed throughout the EU/EEA to enhance laboratory capacity for the detection of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Harvala
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.,Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aftab Jasir
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pasi Penttinen
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Donato Greco
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eeva Broberg
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Whittaker R, Economopoulou A, Dias JG, Bancroft E, Ramliden M, Celentano LP. Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Europe, 2007-2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:396-404. [PMID: 28220749 PMCID: PMC5382729 DOI: 10.3201/eid2303.161552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease during 2007-2014 in 12 European countries and assess overall H. influenzae disease trends by serotype and patient age. Mean annual notification rate was 0.6 cases/100,000 population, with an increasing annual trend of 3.3% (95% CI 2.3% to 4.3%). The notification rate was highest for patients <1 month of age (23.4 cases/100,000 population). Nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) caused 78% of all cases and showed increasing trends among persons <1 month and >20 years of age. Serotype f cases showed an increasing trend among persons >60 years of age. Serotype b cases showed decreasing trends among persons 1-5 months, 1-4 years, and >40 years of age. Sustained success of routine H. influenzae serotype b vaccination is evident. Surveillance systems must adopt a broad focus for invasive H. influenzae disease. Increasing reports of NTHi, particularly among neonates, highlight the potential benefit of a vaccine against NTHi.
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12
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Whittaker R, Dias JG, Ramliden M, Ködmön C, Economopoulou A, Beer N, Pastore Celentano L, Kanitz E, Richter L, Mattheus W, Bleyenheuft C, Georgieva T, Simeonovski I, Vučina VV, Filipović SK, Koliou M, Bagatzouni DP, Krizova P, Sebestova H, Hoffmann S, Valentiner-Branth P, Kerbo N, Peetso R, Kuusi M, Toropainen M, Parent I, Taha MK, Vogel U, Hellenbrand W, Georgakopoulou T, Tzanakaki G, Krisztalovics K, Tirczka T, Gudnason T, Hardardottir H, O'Lorcain P, Bennett D, D'Ancona F, Stefanelli P, Savrasova L, Vasilevska D, Kuprevičienė N, Liausedienė R, Demuth I, Scheiden G, Melillo JM, Caruana P, van der Ende A, Mollema L, Caugant D, Blystad H, Skoczyńska A, Zota L, Pana M, Grgič Vitek M, Paragi M, Cano R, Abad R, Lepp T, Campbell H. The epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in EU/EEA countries, 2004–2014. Vaccine 2017; 35:2034-2041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Karafillakis E, Dinca I, Apfel F, Cecconi S, Wűrz A, Takacs J, Suk J, Celentano LP, Kramarz P, Larson HJ. Vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in Europe: A qualitative study. Vaccine 2016; 34:5013-5020. [PMID: 27576074 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are often referred to as the most trusted source of vaccine-related information for their patients. However, the evidence suggests that a number of HCWs are vaccine-hesitant. This study consists of 65 semi-structured interviews with vaccine providers in Croatia, France, Greece, and Romania to investigate concerns HCWs might have about vaccination. The results revealed that vaccine hesitancy is present in all four countries among vaccine providers. The most important concern across all countries was the fear of vaccine side effects. New vaccines were singled out due to perceived lack of testing for vaccine safety and efficacy. Furthermore, while high trust in health authorities was expressed by HCWs, there was also strong mistrust of pharmaceutical companies due to perceived financial interests and lack of communication about side effects. The notion that it is a doctor's responsibility to respond to hesitant patients was reported in all countries. Concerns were also seen to be country- and context-specific. Strategies to improve confidence in vaccines should be adapted to the specific political, social, cultural and economic context of countries. Furthermore, while most interventions focus on education and improving information about vaccine safety, effectiveness, or the need for vaccines, concerns raised in this study identify other determinants of hesitancy that need addressing. The representativeness of the views of the interviewed HCWs must be interpreted with caution. This a qualitative study with a small sample size that included geographical areas where vaccination uptake was lower or where hesitancy was more prevalent and it reflects individual participants' beliefs and attitudes toward the topic. As HCWs have the potential of influencing patient vaccination uptake, it is crucial to improve their confidence in vaccination and engage them in activities targeting vaccine hesitancy among their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Karafillakis
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
| | - Irina Dinca
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Sweden
| | - Franklin Apfel
- World Health Communication Associates (WHCA), United Kingdom
| | - Sabrina Cecconi
- World Health Communication Associates (WHCA), United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Wűrz
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Sweden
| | - Judit Takacs
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Sweden
| | - Jonathan Suk
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Sweden
| | | | - Piotr Kramarz
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Sweden
| | - Heidi J Larson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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14
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Esposito S, Bonanni P, Maggi S, Tan L, Ansaldi F, Lopalco PL, Dagan R, Michel JP, van Damme P, Gaillat J, Prymula R, Vesikari T, Mussini C, Frank U, Osterhaus A, Celentano LP, Rossi M, Guercio V, Gavazzi G. Recommended immunization schedules for adults: Clinical practice guidelines by the Escmid Vaccine Study Group (EVASG), European Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS) and the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1777-94. [PMID: 27135390 PMCID: PMC4964839 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1150396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid population aging has become a major challenge in the industrialized world and progressive aging is a key reason for making improvement in vaccination a cornerstone of public health strategy. An increase in age-related disorders and conditions is likely to be seen in the near future, and these are risk factors for the occurrence of a number of vaccine-preventable diseases. An improvement in infectious diseases prevention specifically aimed at adults and the elderly can therefore also decrease the burden of these chronic conditions by reducing morbidity, disability, hospital admissions, health costs, mortality rates and, perhaps most importantly, by improving the quality of life. Among adults, it is necessary to identify groups at increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases and highlight the epidemiological impact and benefits of vaccinations using an evidence-based approach. This document provides clinical practice guidance on immunization for adults in order to provide recommendations for decision makers and healthcare workers in Europe. Although immunization is considered one of the most impactful and cost-effective public health measures that can be undertaken, vaccination coverage rates among adults are largely lower than the stated goal of ≥ 95% among adults, and stronger efforts are needed to increase coverage in this population. Active surveillance of adult vaccine-preventable diseases, determining the effectiveness of the vaccines approved for marketing in the last 5 y, the efficacy and safety of vaccines in immunocompromised patients, as well as in pregnant women, represent the priorities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonanni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- CNR - Institute of Neuroscience, Aging Branch Center for Research, Padua, Italy
| | - Litjan Tan
- Immunization Action Coalition, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Filippo Ansaldi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, IRCCS San Martino-IST University Teaching Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Ron Dagan
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Pierre van Damme
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Roman Prymula
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Sokolska, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Timo Vesikari
- Vaccine Research Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Cristina Mussini
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uwe Frank
- Division of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Marta Rossi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Guercio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetan Gavazzi
- University Clinic of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital of Grenoble, and GREPI University of Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
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15
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Semenza JC, Carrillo-Santisteve P, Zeller H, Sandgren A, van der Werf MJ, Severi E, Pastore Celentano L, Wiltshire E, Suk JE, Dinca I, Noori T, Kramarz P. Public health needs of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in Europe, 2015: Infectious disease aspects. Eur J Public Health 2016; 26:372-3. [PMID: 27053729 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Semenza
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, S-171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Herve Zeller
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, S-171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Sandgren
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, S-171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marieke J van der Werf
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, S-171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ettore Severi
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, S-171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucia Pastore Celentano
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, S-171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Wiltshire
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, S-171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan E Suk
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, S-171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina Dinca
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, S-171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teymur Noori
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, S-171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Kramarz
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, S-171 83 Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pier Luigi Lopalco
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm SE-171 83, Sweden
| | - Emma Huitric
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm SE-171 83, Sweden
| | - Denis Coulombier
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm SE-171 83, Sweden
| | - Johan Giesecke
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm SE-171 83, Sweden
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17
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Hanquet G, Perrocheau A, Kissling E, Bruhl DL, Tarragó D, Stuart J, Stefanoff P, Heuberger S, Kriz P, Vergison A, de Greeff SC, Amato-Gauci A, Celentano LP. Surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in 30 EU countries: Towards a European system? Vaccine 2010; 28:3920-8. [PMID: 20394721 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this era of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV), we described and compared surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and PCV policies in 30 European countries to provide guidance for Europe-wide surveillance. We confirmed the heterogeneity of surveillance systems and case definitions across countries but identified elements common to all countries, such as the availability of serotyping and the surveillance of pneumococcal meningitis. PCV impact was monitored in 11/15 countries using it. We propose steps for the monitoring of incidence rates and serotype distribution at EU level, to assess the need to introduce PCV and monitor its impact once introduced.
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18
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Tozzi AE, Pandolfi E, Celentano LP, Massari M, Salmaso S, Ciofi degli Atti ML. Comparison of pertussis surveillance systems in Europe. Vaccine 2007; 25:291-7. [PMID: 16920230 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 04/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We compared pertussis surveillance systems of 16 European countries in the period 1998-2002. In twelve out of sixteen countries the system covered the general population. Ten countries relied on WHO case definition for surveillance of pertussis. Eleven countries applied laboratory tests, and eight of them used PCR for case confirmation. The proportion of hospitalised rates in children<1 year varied between 33.1 and 100%, while case fatality in the same age group varied between 0 and 21.3 per 1000. The adoption of WHO case definition, standardisation of laboratory diagnosis, and integration of information on deaths from alternative sources should be supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto E Tozzi
- Bambino Gesù Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio, and Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A resurgence of pertussis has been observed in Canada, the United States and Australia since the 1980s, but inconsistent data are currently available for Europe. The objective of this paper is to describe the epidemiology of pertussis in Western European countries to discuss future vaccination strategies. METHODS The European Community funded a network for the epidemiologic surveillance of measles and pertussis in 1998. Sixteen European countries provided national surveillance data for pertussis for the period 1998-2002 in a standard format. Data were pooled and analyzed to describe incidence rates by age group, seasonality, proportion of hospitalized patients and deaths among notified cases. RESULTS Children younger than 1 year had the highest incidence during the entire period. Rates in the older than 14 years age group increased by 115% during the study period. Northern countries showed the highest incidence figures in all age groups. Among children younger than 1 year, 70% were admitted into hospital. Children younger than 6 months of age and those not vaccinated were most likely to be hospitalized. Thirty-two deaths were reported, 87% of which were in children younger than 6 months of age. CONCLUSIONS Pertussis is far from being controlled in Europe. Whereas the incidence in children younger than 1 year was high but remained stable, rates in adults doubled in 5 years.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Cawthorne
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pastore Celentano
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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21
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Abstract
Pertussis is increasing in frequency among children too young to be vaccinated and among adolescents and adults. This increase is due mainly to waning immunity among vaccinated individuals, who become susceptible during adolescence and adulthood and maintain the circulation of Bordetella pertussis. Infants are at highest risk of severe illness requiring hospital admission, complications and death. The clinical presentation in adolescents, adults and vaccinated individuals may be atypical, with paroxysmal cough of short duration or simply a persistent cough. Culture and polymerase chain reaction may be used to identify B. pertussis infection, but their sensitivity is high only in the early phase of the disease. Serologic tests are not standardized for the diagnosis of pertussis, and their clinical application is limited. Erythromycin is still considered in some countries to be the "gold standard" for therapy and prophylaxis; however, azithromycin and clarithromycin seem equally efficacious and are associated with fewer side effects.
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22
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Visconti E, Celentano LP, Marinaci S, Scoppettuolo G, Tamburrini E. Mother to child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission: what HIV-infected women think. Our experience in Rome, Italy. Int J STD AIDS 2002; 13:551-3. [PMID: 12194738 DOI: 10.1258/095646202760159675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the knowledge of the risk of HIV vertical transmission as well as the feeling about the new therapy in reducing that rate. METHODS We included 152 HIV-infected women. A self reported questionnaire was administered from September to December 2000. RESULTS About the risk rate of transmitting HIV to their baby, 21 (13.8%) women indicated 100%; 67 (44.1%) 50-80%; 35 (23%) 10-50% and only 22 women (14.5%) answered the correct value of less than 5%. Regarding the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy, 82 women (53.9%) considered therapy effective in reducing vertical HIV transmission, while 63 women (41.4%) considered therapy powerless in preventing mother to child HIV transmission. Any statistically significant difference in sociodemographic, clinical, viroimmunological characteristics and antiretroviral therapy emerged between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight the importance of providing appropriate counselling about perinatal HIV transmission to all childbearing age HIV infected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Visconti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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23
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Visconti E, Celentano LP, Tamburrini E, Villa P, Oliva G, Fundaro C. Combination antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95:636-7. [PMID: 10787348 DOI: 10.1016/s0029-7844(00)00804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Visconti E, Celentano LP, Tamburrini E, Villa P, Oliva G, Genovese O, Fundaro C. COMBINATION ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN. Obstet Gynecol 2000. [DOI: 10.1097/00006250-200004000-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Visconti E, Ortona E, Margutti P, Marinaci S, Zolfo M, Mencarini P, Celentano LP, Siracusano A, Tamburrini E. Identification of dihydropteroate (DHPS) gene mutant in Pneumocystis carinii in respiratory samples of HIV+ patients from 1992 to 1997. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1999; 46:132S. [PMID: 10519286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Visconti
- Clinic Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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26
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Visconti E, Ortona E, Margutti P, Marinaci S, Zolfo M, Celentano LP, Mencarini P, Siracusano A, Tamburrini E. Successful treatment of PCP episodes caused by Pneumocystis carinii with mutant dihydropteroate (DHPS) gene. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1999; 46:135S. [PMID: 10519288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Visconti
- Clinic Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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