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Cox JT, Minkus CL, Li A, Han S, Liu R, Shah P, Stanwyck LK, Rizzo JF, Sobrin L. Autoimmune Retinopathy: Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment versus Natural History. Ophthalmol Retina 2024:S2468-6530(24)00080-0. [PMID: 38428458 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Cox
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline L Minkus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Park Nicollet Clinic, St. Louis Park, Minnesota
| | - Ashley Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Renee Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priya Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lynn K Stanwyck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph F Rizzo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Stanwyck LK, Anozie CC, Laylani NA, Charoenkijkajorn C, Pakravan M, Ishihara R, Lee AG. The Controversial Role of Homocysteine and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Mutations in Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. J Neuroophthalmol 2024:00041327-990000000-00576. [PMID: 38363636 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000002095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn K Stanwyck
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine (LKS), Roanoke, Virginia; John Sealy School of Medicine at the University of Texas Medical Branch (CCA), Galveston, Texas; Department of Ophthalmology (NAL, CC, MP, AGL), Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas; Department of Ophthalmology (RI, AGL), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (AGL), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; University of Texas Maryland Anderson Cancer Center (AGL), Houston, Texas; Texas A and M College of Medicine (AGL), Bryan, Texas; and Department of Ophthalmology (AGL), The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa
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Stanwyck LK, DeVoll JR, Pastore J, Gamble Z, Poe A, Gui GV. Medical Certification of Pilots Through the Insulin-Treated Diabetes Mellitus Protocol at the FAA. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2022; 93:627-632. [DOI: 10.3357/amhp.6107.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: In 2019, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) announced a protocol to evaluate pilots with insulin treated diabetes mellitus (ITDM) for special issuance (SI) medical certification for first-/second-class pilots. The protocol’s aim is improved assessment
of ITDM control/hypoglycemia risk and relies on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data. This study compares the characteristics of first-/second-class pilots with ITDM and certification outcome.METHODS: Data was collected retrospectively from the FAA Document Imaging Workflow
System (DIWS) for pilots considered for a first-/second-class SI under the ITDM program between November 2019 and October 2021. Inclusion criteria required submission of information required for certification decision (SI vs. denial). We extracted data on demographics and CGM parameters including
mean glucose, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, time in range (%), time > 250 mg · dl−1 (%), and time < 70–80 mg · dl−1 (%). We compared these parameters between pilots issued an SI vs. denial with Mann-Whitney U-tests
and Fisher exact tests using R.RESULTS: Of 200 pilots with ITDM identified, 77 met inclusion criteria. Of those, 55 received SIs and 22 were denied. Pilots issued SI were statistically significantly older (46 vs. 27 yr), had a lower hemoglobin A1c (6.50% vs. 7.10%), lower average
glucose (139 mg · dl−1 vs. 156 mg · dl−1), and spent less time with low glucose levels (0.95% vs. 2.0%).DISCUSSION: The FAA program has successfully medically certificated pilots with ITDM for first-/second-class. Pilots granted an
ITDM SI reflect significantly better diabetes control, including less potential for hypoglycemia. As this program continues, it will potentially allow previously disqualified pilots to fly safely.Stanwyck LK, DeVoll JR, Pastore J, Gamble Z, Poe A, Gui GV. Medical certification of
pilots through the insulin-treated diabetes mellitus protocol at the FAA. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2022; 93(8):627–632.
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Stanwyck LK, Chan W, Sood A, Susarla G, Romano J, Pefkianaki M, Jayasundera KT, Heckenlively JR, Lundy SK, Sobrin L. Correlation of Immunological Markers with Disease and Clinical Outcome Measures in Patients with Autoimmune Retinopathy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:15. [PMID: 32832222 PMCID: PMC7414616 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.7.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine if immunological markers (1) are significantly different between autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) patients and controls and (2) correlate with disease progression in AIR patients. Methods We enrolled patients with a possible AIR diagnosis, as well as control participants without eye disease, autoimmunity, or cancer. Immunological markers were tested in all participants. In addition, AIR patients had up to three blood draws for testing over their disease course. For AIR patients, clinical measures, including visual acuity (VA) and Goldmann visual field (GVF) area, were recorded at each draw. We used the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the immunological markers between AIR patients and controls. We used multilevel mixed-effect regression to investigate the correlation between markers and clinical parameters over time in AIR patients. Results Seventeen patients with AIR and 14 controls were included. AIR patients had a higher percent of monocytes (Z = 3.076, P = 0.002). An increase in immunoglobulin G against recoverin was correlated with a VA decrease (β = 0.0044, P < 0.0001). An increase in monocyte proportion was correlated with a decrease in GVF area (β = -7.27, P = 0.0021). Several markers of B-cell depletion were correlated with GVF improvement. Conclusions Monocytes may play a role in AIR pathophysiology and be a disease activity marker. B-cell depletion markers correlated with clinical parameter improvement, particularly GVF. Translational Relevance This work elucidates immunologic markers that may improve the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment of AIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn K Stanwyck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weilin Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arjun Sood
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gayatri Susarla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Romano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Pefkianaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kanishka Thiran Jayasundera
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John R Heckenlively
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven K Lundy
- Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
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Pollack S, Igo RP, Jensen RA, Christiansen M, Li X, Cheng CY, Ng MCY, Smith AV, Rossin EJ, Segrè AV, Davoudi S, Tan GS, Ida Chen YD, Kuo JZ, Dimitrov LM, Stanwyck LK, Meng W, Hosseini SM, Imamura M, Nousome D, Kim J, Hai Y, Jia Y, Ahn J, Leong A, Shah K, Park KH, Guo X, Ipp E, Taylor KD, Adler SG, Sedor JR, Freedman BI, Lee IT, Sheu WHH, Kubo M, Takahashi A, Hadjadj S, Marre M, Tregouet DA, Mckean-Cowdin R, Varma R, McCarthy MI, Groop L, Ahlqvist E, Lyssenko V, Agardh E, Morris A, Doney ASF, Colhoun HM, Toppila I, Sandholm N, Groop PH, Maeda S, Hanis CL, Penman A, Chen CJ, Hancock H, Mitchell P, Craig JE, Chew EY, Paterson AD, Grassi MA, Palmer C, Bowden DW, Yaspan BL, Siscovick D, Cotch MF, Wang JJ, Burdon KP, Wong TY, Klein BEK, Klein R, Rotter JI, Iyengar SK, Price AL, Sobrin L. Erratum. Multiethnic Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Liability Threshold Modeling of Duration of Diabetes and Glycemic Control. Diabetes 2019;68:441-456. Diabetes 2020; 69:1306. [PMID: 32341040 PMCID: PMC7243291 DOI: 10.2337/db20-er06a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sobrin L, Stanwyck LK, Pan W, Hubbard RA, Kempen JH, VanderBeek BL. Association of Hypovitaminosis D With Increased Risk of Uveitis in a Large Health Care Claims Database. JAMA Ophthalmol 2019; 136:548-552. [PMID: 29621365 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.0642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Understanding the role of vitamin D-which regulates inflammatory responses-in noninfectious uveitis (an inflammatory disease) may provide insight into treatment and prevention of this disease. Objective To investigate whether there is an association between hypovitaminosis D and incident noninfectious uveitis. Design, Setting, and Participants In a retrospective case-control study, data from a health care claims database containing deidentified medical claims from a large private insurer were used to identify 558 adults enrolled from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2016, who received a diagnosis of noninfectious uveitis from an eye care clinician (with receipt of a confirmatory diagnosis within 120 days of the initial diagnosis) and who had a vitamin D level measured within 1 year before the first diagnosis. Exclusion criteria included having systemic disease or receiving medication known to lower vitamin D levels, having undergone intraocular surgery, and having infectious uveitis. Each case patient was matched with 5 controls on the basis of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and index date (2790 controls). The controls had vitamin D level determined either within 1 year before or within 6 months after receiving an eye examination with normal findings. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between hypovitaminosis D and noninfectious uveitis. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary, prespecified analysis assessed the association of noninfectious uveitis with hypovitaminosis D (vitamin D level ≤20 ng/mL). Results The 558 cases and 2790 controls were matched on age, and each group had a mean (SD) age of 58.9 (14.7) years. Among the cohort of 3348 patients, 2526 (75.4%) were female, and the racial/ethnic distribution in the matched samples was 2022 (60.4%) white, 552 (16.5%) black, 402 (12.0%) Hispanic, 162 (4.8%) Asian, and 210 (6.3%) unknown. Patients with normal vitamin D levels had 21% lower odds of having noninfectious uveitis than patients with low vitamin D levels (odds ratio [OR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62-0.99; P = .04). In a race-stratified analysis, an association between vitamin D and uveitis was found in black patients (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30-0.80; P = .004) and was qualitatively similar but nonsignificant in white patients (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.62-1.21; P = .40) and Hispanic patients (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.33-1.10; P = .10). Conclusions and Relevance This and other reports have found an association between hypovitaminosis D and noninfectious uveitis. However, these studies cannot establish a causal relationship. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate whether hypovitaminosis D causes increased risk of uveitis and the role of vitamin D supplementation in prevention and treatment of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sobrin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston
| | - Lynn K Stanwyck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Rebecca A Hubbard
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - John H Kempen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston.,Discovery Eye Center, MyungSung Christian Medical Center, MyungSung Medical School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Brian L VanderBeek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Stanwyck LK, Moussa K, Chan W, Aitken PA, Sobrin L. Lack of Correlation between Number of Antiretinal Antibodies and Clinical Outcome Measures in Autoimmune Retinopathy Patients. Ophthalmol Retina 2019; 3:1007-1009. [PMID: 31420299 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn K Stanwyck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kareem Moussa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weilin Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Phil A Aitken
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Stanwyck LK, Place EM, Comander J, Huckfeldt RM, Sobrin L. Predictive value of genetic testing for inherited retinal diseases in patients with suspected atypical autoimmune retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019; 15:100461. [PMID: 31193260 PMCID: PMC6523031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2019.100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The clinical features of autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) can resemble and be difficult to differentiate from inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs). Misdiagnosis of an IRD as AIR causes unnecessary treatment with immunosuppressive agents. The purpose of this study is to calculate the predictive value of genetic testing for IRDs in patients with suspected AIR and provide clinical examples where genetic testing has been useful. Methods We identified patients seen at MEEI between April 2013 and January 2017 for whom the differentiation of AIR vs. IRDs was difficult based on clinical assessment alone. All patients had some atypical features for AIR, but tested positive for anti-retinal antibodies. Within this group, we identified six patients who had genetic testing for IRDs with the Genetic Eye Disease panel for retinal genes (GEDi-R). We calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of genetic testing in a population with approximately equal numbers of IRD and AIR patients. Results Six patients had clinical features that made distinguishing between IRDs and AIR on a clinical basis difficult and were sent for genetic testing: four women and two men with a mean age of 59.5 years. In two of these six patients, genetic diagnoses were made based upon the identification of known pathogenic variants in the common IRD genes USH2A and RHO. Two patients had variants of unknown significance within genes associated with IRDs, and the other two had no relevant genetic findings. Given the 60% sensitivity and 3% false positive rate for GEDi-R testing and assuming a 50% pre-test probability of having an IRD, the PPV for GEDi-R for detecting IRD is 95.2% and the NPV is 70.8%. Conclusions and Importance In patients for whom the differential diagnosis of AIR and IRDs is unclear based on clinical information, genetic testing can be a valuable tool when it identifies an IRD, sparing the patient unnecessary immunosuppressive treatment. However, the test has a low NPV so a negative genetic testing result does not confidently exclude IRD as the true diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn K Stanwyck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily M Place
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Comander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel M Huckfeldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, USA
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Pollack S, Igo RP, Jensen RA, Christiansen M, Li X, Cheng CY, Ng MCY, Smith AV, Rossin EJ, Segrè AV, Davoudi S, Tan GS, Chen YDI, Kuo JZ, Dimitrov LM, Stanwyck LK, Meng W, Hosseini SM, Imamura M, Nousome D, Kim J, Hai Y, Jia Y, Ahn J, Leong A, Shah K, Park KH, Guo X, Ipp E, Taylor KD, Adler SG, Sedor JR, Freedman BI, Lee IT, Sheu WHH, Kubo M, Takahashi A, Hadjadj S, Marre M, Tregouet DA, Mckean-Cowdin R, Varma R, McCarthy MI, Groop L, Ahlqvist E, Lyssenko V, Agardh E, Morris A, Doney ASF, Colhoun HM, Toppila I, Sandholm N, Groop PH, Maeda S, Hanis CL, Penman A, Chen CJ, Hancock H, Mitchell P, Craig JE, Chew EY, Paterson AD, Grassi MA, Palmer C, Bowden DW, Yaspan BL, Siscovick D, Cotch MF, Wang JJ, Burdon KP, Wong TY, Klein BEK, Klein R, Rotter JI, Iyengar SK, Price AL, Sobrin L. Multiethnic Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Liability Threshold Modeling of Duration of Diabetes and Glycemic Control. Diabetes 2019; 68:441-456. [PMID: 30487263 PMCID: PMC6341299 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To identify genetic variants associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR), we performed a large multiethnic genome-wide association study. Discovery included eight European cohorts (n = 3,246) and seven African American cohorts (n = 2,611). We meta-analyzed across cohorts using inverse-variance weighting, with and without liability threshold modeling of glycemic control and duration of diabetes. Variants with a P value <1 × 10-5 were investigated in replication cohorts that included 18,545 European, 16,453 Asian, and 2,710 Hispanic subjects. After correction for multiple testing, the C allele of rs142293996 in an intron of nuclear VCP-like (NVL) was associated with DR in European discovery cohorts (P = 2.1 × 10-9), but did not reach genome-wide significance after meta-analysis with replication cohorts. We applied the Disease Association Protein-Protein Link Evaluator (DAPPLE) to our discovery results to test for evidence of risk being spread across underlying molecular pathways. One protein-protein interaction network built from genes in regions associated with proliferative DR was found to have significant connectivity (P = 0.0009) and corroborated with gene set enrichment analyses. These findings suggest that genetic variation in NVL, as well as variation within a protein-protein interaction network that includes genes implicated in inflammation, may influence risk for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuela Pollack
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Robert P Igo
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Richard A Jensen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Mark Christiansen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Elizabeth J Rossin
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ayellet V Segrè
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samaneh Davoudi
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gavin S Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Jane Z Kuo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
- Medical Affairs, Ophthalmology, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., Princeton, NJ
| | - Latchezar M Dimitrov
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Lynn K Stanwyck
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Weihua Meng
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee School of Medicine, Scotland, U.K
| | - S Mohsen Hosseini
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minako Imamura
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Darryl Nousome
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Yang Hai
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Yucheng Jia
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aaron Leong
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Unit, Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kaanan Shah
- Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Eli Ipp
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolism, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Sharon G Adler
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Torrance, CA
| | - John R Sedor
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Division of Nephrology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayne H-H Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- CHU de Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers, France
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - David-Alexandre Tregouet
- Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Mckean-Cowdin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rohit Varma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabet Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andrew Morris
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Alex S F Doney
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Helen M Colhoun
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Iiro Toppila
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Craig L Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Alan Penman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Ching J Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Heather Hancock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Grassi
- Grassi Retina, Naperville, IL
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Colin Palmer
- Pat MacPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - David Siscovick
- Institute for Urban Health, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mary Frances Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barbara E K Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Sudha K Iyengar
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Alkes L Price
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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10
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Llop SM, Davoudi S, Stanwyck LK, Sathe S, Tom L, Ahmadi T, Grotting L, Papaliodis GN, Sobrin L. Association of Low Vitamin D Levels with Noninfectious Uveitis and Scleritis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018; 27:602-609. [DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2018.1434208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Llop
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samaneh Davoudi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lynn K. Stanwyck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaleen Sathe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Tom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tina Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsay Grotting
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George N. Papaliodis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Davoudi S, Chang VS, Navarro-Gomez D, Stanwyck LK, Sevgi DD, Papavasileiou E, Ren A, Uchiyama E, Sullivan L, Lobo AM, Papaliodis GN, Sobrin L. Association of genetic variants in RAB23 and ANXA11 with uveitis in sarcoidosis. Mol Vis 2018; 24:59-74. [PMID: 29416296 PMCID: PMC5783744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Uveitis occurs in a subset of patients with sarcoidosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether genetic variants that have been associated previously with overall sarcoidosis are associated with increased risk of developing uveitis. METHODS Seventy-seven subjects were enrolled, including 45 patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis-related uveitis as cases and 32 patients with systemic sarcoidosis without ocular involvement as controls. Thirty-eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with sarcoidosis, sarcoidosis severity, or other organ-specific sarcoidosis involvement were identified. Allele frequencies in ocular sarcoidosis cases versus controls were compared using the chi-square test, and p values were corrected for multiple hypotheses testing using permutation. All analyses were conducted with PLINK. RESULTS SNPs rs1040461 and rs61860052, in ras-related protein RAS23 (RAB23) and annexin A11 (ANXA11) genes, respectively, were associated with sarcoidosis-associated uveitis. The T allele of rs1040461 and the A allele of rs61860052 were found to be more prevalent in ocular sarcoidosis cases. These associations remained after correction for the multiple hypotheses tested (p=0.01 and p=0.02). In a subanalysis of Caucasian Americans only, two additional variants within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes on chromosome 6, in HLA-DRB5 and HLA-DRB1, were associated with uveitis as well (p=0.009 and p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants in RAB23 and ANXA11 genes were associated with an increased risk of sarcoidosis-associated uveitis. These loci have previously been associated with overall sarcoidosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Davoudi
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Victoria S. Chang
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Navarro-Gomez
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lynn K. Stanwyck
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Damla Duriye Sevgi
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evangelia Papavasileiou
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aiai Ren
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eduardo Uchiyama
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lynn Sullivan
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ann-Marie Lobo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - George N. Papaliodis
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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12
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Sobrin L, Chong YH, Fan Q, Gan A, Stanwyck LK, Kaidonis G, Craig JE, Kim J, Liao WL, Huang YC, Lee WJ, Hung YJ, Guo X, Hai Y, Ipp E, Pollack S, Hancock H, Price A, Penman A, Mitchell P, Liew G, Smith AV, Gudnason V, Tan G, Klein BEK, Kuo J, Li X, Christiansen MW, Psaty BM, Sandow K, Jensen RA, Klein R, Cotch MF, Wang JJ, Jia Y, Chen CJ, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Tsai FJ, Hanis CL, Burdon KP, Wong TY, Cheng CY. Genetically Determined Plasma Lipid Levels and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Diabetes 2017; 66:3130-3141. [PMID: 28951389 PMCID: PMC5697951 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Results from observational studies examining dyslipidemia as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy (DR) have been inconsistent. We evaluated the causal relationship between plasma lipids and DR using a Mendelian randomization approach. We pooled genome-wide association studies summary statistics from 18 studies for two DR phenotypes: any DR (N = 2,969 case and 4,096 control subjects) and severe DR (N = 1,277 case and 3,980 control subjects). Previously identified lipid-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms served as instrumental variables. Meta-analysis to combine the Mendelian randomization estimates from different cohorts was conducted. There was no statistically significant change in odds ratios of having any DR or severe DR for any of the lipid fractions in the primary analysis that used single nucleotide polymorphisms that did not have a pleiotropic effect on another lipid fraction. Similarly, there was no significant association in the Caucasian and Chinese subgroup analyses. This study did not show evidence of a causal role of the four lipid fractions on DR. However, the study had limited power to detect odds ratios less than 1.23 per SD in genetically induced increase in plasma lipid levels, thus we cannot exclude that causal relationships with more modest effect sizes exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Sobrin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | - Yong He Chong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Qiao Fan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alfred Gan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Lynn K Stanwyck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA
| | - Georgia Kaidonis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jihye Kim
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed, and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Yang Hai
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed, and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Eli Ipp
- Department of Medicine, LA BioMed, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Samuela Pollack
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Heather Hancock
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Alkes Price
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alan Penman
- Department of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerald Liew
- Centre for Vision Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Albert V Smith
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland
| | - Gavin Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Barbara E K Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jane Kuo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed, and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
- Clinical and Medical Affairs, CardioDx, Inc., Redwood City, CA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed, and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Mark W Christiansen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Kevin Sandow
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed, and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Richard A Jensen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Mary Frances Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Vision Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yucheng Jia
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed, and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Ching J Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed, and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed, and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Tiachung, Tiawan
| | - Craig L Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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