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Abusayf MM, Tan GS, Mehta JS. Pull-through insertion of EndoArt for complex eyes. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2023; 32:101878. [PMID: 38161520 PMCID: PMC10757177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report an alternative technique to implant the EndoArt using a pull-through insertion. This technique is helpful in complex eyes, especially in eyes with unstable iris lens diaphragm. Observation We present a case of advanced pseudophakic bullous keratopathy with aniridia, previous vitrectomy, and tube implants in which the initial attempt to implant the EndoArt failed, and the device was lost to the vitreous cavity. An alternative surgical technique, a pull-through insertion, was used to implant a second device successfully. The patient was followed over a period of 1 year. Corneal edema gradually improved over time, and all epithelial bullae resolved. The central corneal thickness (CCT) decreased from 911um to 691 μm. Conclusion and Importance EndoArt is a treatment for endothelial failure in complex eyes. In addition, the pull-through insertion technique can help improve control over the implant in very complicated eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Abusayf
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gavin S. Tan
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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Bjornstad P, Dart A, Donaghue KC, Dost A, Feldman EL, Tan GS, Wadwa RP, Zabeen B, Marcovecchio ML. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Microvascular and macrovascular complications in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:1432-1450. [PMID: 36537531 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Petter Bjornstad
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Allison Dart
- Department of Pediatrics, Divison of Nephrology, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kim C Donaghue
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Axel Dost
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gavin S Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - R Paul Wadwa
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Bedowra Zabeen
- Department of Paediatrics and Changing Diabetes in Children Program, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Loredana Marcovecchio
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Tang F, Wang X, Ran AR, Chan CKM, Ho M, Yip W, Young AL, Lok J, Szeto S, Chan J, Yip F, Wong R, Tang Z, Yang D, Ng DS, Chen LJ, Brelén M, Chu V, Li K, Lai THT, Tan GS, Ting DSW, Huang H, Chen H, Ma JH, Tang S, Leng T, Kakavand S, Mannil SS, Chang RT, Liew G, Gopinath B, Lai TYY, Pang CP, Scanlon PH, Wong TY, Tham CC, Chen H, Heng PA, Cheung CY. A Multitask Deep-Learning System to Classify Diabetic Macular Edema for Different Optical Coherence Tomography Devices: A Multicenter Analysis. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:2078-2088. [PMID: 34315698 PMCID: PMC8740924 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the primary cause of vision loss among individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). We developed, validated, and tested a deep learning (DL) system for classifying DME using images from three common commercially available optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We trained and validated two versions of a multitask convolution neural network (CNN) to classify DME (center-involved DME [CI-DME], non-CI-DME, or absence of DME) using three-dimensional (3D) volume scans and 2D B-scans, respectively. For both 3D and 2D CNNs, we used the residual network (ResNet) as the backbone. For the 3D CNN, we used a 3D version of ResNet-34 with the last fully connected layer removed as the feature extraction module. A total of 73,746 OCT images were used for training and primary validation. External testing was performed using 26,981 images across seven independent data sets from Singapore, Hong Kong, the U.S., China, and Australia. RESULTS In classifying the presence or absence of DME, the DL system achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of 0.937 (95% CI 0.920-0.954), 0.958 (0.930-0.977), and 0.965 (0.948-0.977) for the primary data set obtained from CIRRUS, SPECTRALIS, and Triton OCTs, respectively, in addition to AUROCs >0.906 for the external data sets. For further classification of the CI-DME and non-CI-DME subgroups, the AUROCs were 0.968 (0.940-0.995), 0.951 (0.898-0.982), and 0.975 (0.947-0.991) for the primary data set and >0.894 for the external data sets. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated excellent performance with a DL system for the automated classification of DME, highlighting its potential as a promising second-line screening tool for patients with DM, which may potentially create a more effective triaging mechanism to eye clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyao Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - An-Ran Ran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Mary Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR.,Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wilson Yip
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR.,Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Alvin L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR.,Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jerry Lok
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | | | - Fanny Yip
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Ziqi Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Danny S Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Marten Brelén
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Victor Chu
- United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kenneth Li
- United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Gavin S Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Daniel S W Ting
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Haifan Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jacey Hongjie Ma
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Theodore Leng
- Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Schahrouz Kakavand
- Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Suria S Mannil
- Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Robert T Chang
- Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Gerald Liew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bamini Gopinath
- Department of Ophthalmology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Macquarie University Hearing, Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy Y Y Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Peter H Scanlon
- Gloucestershire Retinal Research Group, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, U.K
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Sciences and Technology, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Pheng-Ann Heng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Carol Y Cheung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Tan B, Barathi VA, Lin E, Ho C, Gan A, Yao X, Chan A, Wong DWK, Chua J, Tan GS, Schmetterer L. Longitudinal Structural and Microvascular Observation in RCS Rat Eyes Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:54. [PMID: 32579681 PMCID: PMC7415900 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.6.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the change of retinal thickness and ocular microvasculature in a rat model of retinitis pigmentosa using swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) Methods Three-weeks-old Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats (n = 8) and age-matched control rats (n = 14) were imaged by a prototype SS-OCTA system. Follow-up measurements occurred every three weeks on six RCS rats until week 18, and cross-sectional measurements were conducted on control rats. Thicknesses of different retinal layers and the total retina were measured. The enface angiograms from superficial vascular plexiform (SVP) and deep capillary plexiform (DCP) were analyzed, and the image sharpness was also extracted from the choroidal angiograms. Immunohistochemical analysis was done in the RCS rats after week 18, as well as in three-week-old RCS rats and age-matched controls. Results In RCS rats, the thicknesses of the ganglion cell complex, the nuclear layer, the debris/photoreceptor layer and the total retina decreased over the weeks (P < 0.001). The SVP metrics remained unchanged whereas the DCP metrics decreased significantly over the weeks (P < 0.001). The immunohistochemical analysis confirmed our OCTA findings of capillary dropout in the DCP. The choroidal plexus appeared indistinct initially due to scattering of light at the intact retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and became more visible after week nine probably due to RPE degeneration. Loss of choriocapillaris was visualized at week 18. In control rats, no vascular change was detected, but nuclear layers, photoreceptor layers and total retina showed slight thinning with age (P < 0.001). Conclusions Photoreceptor degeneration in RCS rats was associated with the loss of capillaries in DCP, but not in SVP. The OCTA imaging allows for the characterization of structural and angiographic changes in rodent models.
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Chhablani J, Wong K, Tan GS, Sudhalkar A, Laude A, Cheung CMG, Zhao P, Uy H, Lim J, Valero S, Ngah NF, Koh A. Diabetic Macular Edema Management in Asian Population: Expert Panel Consensus Guidelines. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 9:426-434. [PMID: 32956188 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this consensus article was to provide comprehensive recommendations in the management of diabetic macular edema (DME) by reviewing recent clinical evidence. DESIGN A questionnaire containing 47 questions was developed which encompassed clinical scenarios such as treatment response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and steroid, treatment side effects, as well as cost and compliance/reimbursement in the management of DME using a Dephi questionnaire as guide. METHODS An expert panel of 12 retinal specialists from Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, India and Vietnam responded to this questionnaire on two separate occasions. The first round responses were compiled, analyzed and discussed in a round table discussion where a consensus was sought through voting. Consensus was considered achieved, when 9 of the 12 panellists (75%) agreed on a recommendation. RESULTS The DME patients were initially profiled based on their response to treatment, and the terms target response, adequate response, nonresponse, and inadequate response were defined. The panellists arrived at a consensus on various aspects of DME treatment such as need for classification of patients before treatment, first-line treatment options, appropriate time to switch between treatment modalities, and steroid-related side effects based on which recommendations were derived, and a treatment algorithm was developed. CONCLUSIONS This consensus article provides comprehensive, evidence-based treatment guidelines in the management of DME in Asian population. In addition, it also provides recommendations on other aspects of DME management such as steroid treatment for stable glaucoma patients, management of intraocular pressure rise, and recommendations for cataract development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Chhablani
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo-Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Gavin S Tan
- Surgical Retinal Department of the Singapore National Eye Centre; Clinician scientist, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aditya Sudhalkar
- Alphavision Augenzentrum Bremerhaven, Germany
- Sudhalkar Eye Hospital and Retina Centre in Baroda, India and Raghudeep Eye Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Augustinus Laude
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Adjunct associate professor, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Paul Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital; Chief, Alexandria Hospital Eye Surgery Center, Singapore
| | - Harvey Uy
- University of the Philippines and Medical Director, Peregrine Eye and Laser Institute in Makati, Philippines
| | - Jeffrey Lim
- Chong Hua Hospital, Cebu; Head, Retina section, Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center, Philippines
| | | | - Nor Fariza Ngah
- National Head, Ophthalmology Service, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Ophthalmology Service, Ministry of Health Malaysia; Head of Department, Ophthalmology Unit, Hospital Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Adrian Koh
- The Eye and Retina Surgeons, Camden Medical Center, Singapore
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6
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Pollack S, Igo RP, Jensen RA, Christiansen M, Li X, Cheng CY, Ng MCY, Smith AV, Rossin EJ, Segrè AV, Davoudi S, Tan GS, Ida Chen YD, Kuo JZ, Dimitrov LM, Stanwyck LK, Meng W, Hosseini SM, Imamura M, Nousome D, Kim J, Hai Y, Jia Y, Ahn J, Leong A, Shah K, Park KH, Guo X, Ipp E, Taylor KD, Adler SG, Sedor JR, Freedman BI, Lee IT, Sheu WHH, Kubo M, Takahashi A, Hadjadj S, Marre M, Tregouet DA, Mckean-Cowdin R, Varma R, McCarthy MI, Groop L, Ahlqvist E, Lyssenko V, Agardh E, Morris A, Doney ASF, Colhoun HM, Toppila I, Sandholm N, Groop PH, Maeda S, Hanis CL, Penman A, Chen CJ, Hancock H, Mitchell P, Craig JE, Chew EY, Paterson AD, Grassi MA, Palmer C, Bowden DW, Yaspan BL, Siscovick D, Cotch MF, Wang JJ, Burdon KP, Wong TY, Klein BEK, Klein R, Rotter JI, Iyengar SK, Price AL, Sobrin L. Erratum. Multiethnic Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Liability Threshold Modeling of Duration of Diabetes and Glycemic Control. Diabetes 2019;68:441-456. Diabetes 2020; 69:1306. [PMID: 32341040 PMCID: PMC7243291 DOI: 10.2337/db20-er06a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dai W, Chee ML, Majithia S, Teo CL, Thakur S, Cheung N, Rim TH, Tan GS, Sabanayagam C, Cheng CY, Tham YC. Agreement in Measures of Macular Perfusion between Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Machines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8345. [PMID: 32433483 PMCID: PMC7239842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the agreements in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and vessel density (VD) parameters (within the superficial capillary plexus region), between two widely used optical coherence tomography angiography machines. Participants who attended the Singapore Malay Eye Study III between 29th March and 6th August 2018, were enrolled in this study. Participants underwent fovea-centered 6×6-mm macular cube scan, using both AngioVue and Cirrus HDOCT machines. Scans were analyzed automatically using built-in review software of each machine. 177 eyes (95 participants) without retinal diseases were included for final analysis. Mean FAZ area was 0.38 ± 0.11 mm2 and 0.30 ± 0.10 mm2, based on AngioVue and Cirrus HDOCT, respectively. Mean parafoveal VD was 0.50 ± 0.04 in Angiovue, and 0.43 ± 0.04 in Cirrus HDOCT. Cirrus HDOCT measurements were consistently lower than those by AngioVue, with a mean difference of −0.08 (95% limits of agreement [LOA], −0.30–0.13) mm2 for FAZ area, and −0.07 (95% LOA, −0.17–0.03) for parafoveal VD. Intraclass correlation coefficients for FAZ area and parafoveal VD were 0.33 and 0.07, respectively. Our data suggest that agreements between AngioVue and Cirrus HDOCT machines were poor to fair, thus alternating use between these two machines may not be recommended especially for follow up evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Miao-Li Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shivani Majithia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cong Ling Teo
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sahil Thakur
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ning Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tyler Hyungtaek Rim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin S Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih-Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Tan B, Chua J, Lin E, Cheng J, Gan A, Yao X, Wong DWK, Sabanayagam C, Wong D, Chan CM, Wong TY, Schmetterer L, Tan GS. Quantitative Microvascular Analysis With Wide-Field Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Eyes With Diabetic Retinopathy. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e1919469. [PMID: 31951275 PMCID: PMC6991275 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.19469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Wide-field optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCTA) may provide insights to peripheral capillary dropout in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR). OBJECTIVE To describe the diagnostic performance of wide-field OCTA with and without large vessel removal for assessment of DR in persons with diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This case-control study was performed from April 26, 2018, to April 8, 2019, at a single tertiary eye center in Singapore. Case patients were those with type 2 diabetes for more than 5 years and bilateral DR diagnosed by fundus imaging; control participants included those with no self-reported history of diabetes, a fasting glucose level within the normal range in the past year, and no ocular pathologic findings. A wide-field (12 × 12-mm2) fovea-centered scan was performed using a prototype swept source OCTA system. Retinal microvasculature was examined by separating the angiograms into large vessels, capillaries, and capillary dropout regions. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for DR severity discrimination using wide-field vascular metrics. Retinal perfusion density (RPD), capillary perfusion density (CPD), large vessel density (LVD), and capillary dropout density (CDD) were calculated. Low-contrast regions were excluded from the calculation. RESULTS A total of 49 eyes in 27 control participants (17 male [63.0%]; mean [SD] age, 59.96 [7.63] years; age range, 44-79 years) and 76 eyes in 47 patients with diabetes (29 male [61.7%]; mean [SD] age, 64.36 [8.08] years; range, 41-79 years) were included. Among eyes in patients with diabetes, 23 were in those with diabetes but no DR, 25 in those with mild nonproliferative DR, and 28 in those with moderate to severe nonproliferative DR. There was no difference in RPD, CPD, LVD, and CDD between the control group and the group with diabetes and no DR. There was a stepwise decrease in RPD, CPD, and CDD in the diabetes with no DR, mild nonproliferative DR, and moderate to severe nonproliferative DR groups, whereas LVD was not associated with DR staging. The nonproliferative DR group had decreased RPD, CPD, and CDD compared with the control group. The CPD had higher AUCs than RPD for discriminating diabetes with nonproliferative DR (combined mild and moderate to severe nonproliferative DR) vs no DM (AUC, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.87-0.98] vs 0.89 [95% CI, 0.83-0.95], P = .01), diabetes with no DR vs mild nonproliferative DR (AUC, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.68-0.94] vs 0.77 [95% CI, 0.64-0.91], P = .18), and mild nonproliferative DR vs moderate to severe nonproliferative DR (AUC, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71-0.94] vs 0.78 [95% CI, 0.65-0.91], P = .01) but similar AUCs for no DM vs diabetes with no DR. The total perfusion density and CPD in wide-field OCTA had better discriminative power than the central 6 × 6-mm2 field (CPD, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.83-0.95] vs 0.84 [95% CI, 0.77-0.92], P = .06; total perfusion density, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.87-0.98] vs 0.90 [95% CI, 0.83-0.96], P = .06). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings suggest that wide-field OCTA provides information on microvascular perfusion and may be useful for detecting predominant peripheral capillary dropout in eyes with nonproliferative DR. A vascular selectivity approach excluding the large vessels may improve the discriminative power for different stages of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyao Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute–Nanyang Technological University Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore
| | - Jacqueline Chua
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Emily Lin
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Joyce Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Alfred Gan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Xinwen Yao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute–Nanyang Technological University Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore
| | - Damon W. K. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute–Nanyang Technological University Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore
| | | | - Doric Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Choi Mun Chan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leopold Schmetterer
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute–Nanyang Technological University Advanced Ocular Engineering (STANCE) Program, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Gavin S. Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Academic Clinical Program, Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
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Pollack S, Igo RP, Jensen RA, Christiansen M, Li X, Cheng CY, Ng MCY, Smith AV, Rossin EJ, Segrè AV, Davoudi S, Tan GS, Chen YDI, Kuo JZ, Dimitrov LM, Stanwyck LK, Meng W, Hosseini SM, Imamura M, Nousome D, Kim J, Hai Y, Jia Y, Ahn J, Leong A, Shah K, Park KH, Guo X, Ipp E, Taylor KD, Adler SG, Sedor JR, Freedman BI, Lee IT, Sheu WHH, Kubo M, Takahashi A, Hadjadj S, Marre M, Tregouet DA, Mckean-Cowdin R, Varma R, McCarthy MI, Groop L, Ahlqvist E, Lyssenko V, Agardh E, Morris A, Doney ASF, Colhoun HM, Toppila I, Sandholm N, Groop PH, Maeda S, Hanis CL, Penman A, Chen CJ, Hancock H, Mitchell P, Craig JE, Chew EY, Paterson AD, Grassi MA, Palmer C, Bowden DW, Yaspan BL, Siscovick D, Cotch MF, Wang JJ, Burdon KP, Wong TY, Klein BEK, Klein R, Rotter JI, Iyengar SK, Price AL, Sobrin L. Multiethnic Genome-Wide Association Study of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Liability Threshold Modeling of Duration of Diabetes and Glycemic Control. Diabetes 2019; 68:441-456. [PMID: 30487263 PMCID: PMC6341299 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To identify genetic variants associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR), we performed a large multiethnic genome-wide association study. Discovery included eight European cohorts (n = 3,246) and seven African American cohorts (n = 2,611). We meta-analyzed across cohorts using inverse-variance weighting, with and without liability threshold modeling of glycemic control and duration of diabetes. Variants with a P value <1 × 10-5 were investigated in replication cohorts that included 18,545 European, 16,453 Asian, and 2,710 Hispanic subjects. After correction for multiple testing, the C allele of rs142293996 in an intron of nuclear VCP-like (NVL) was associated with DR in European discovery cohorts (P = 2.1 × 10-9), but did not reach genome-wide significance after meta-analysis with replication cohorts. We applied the Disease Association Protein-Protein Link Evaluator (DAPPLE) to our discovery results to test for evidence of risk being spread across underlying molecular pathways. One protein-protein interaction network built from genes in regions associated with proliferative DR was found to have significant connectivity (P = 0.0009) and corroborated with gene set enrichment analyses. These findings suggest that genetic variation in NVL, as well as variation within a protein-protein interaction network that includes genes implicated in inflammation, may influence risk for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuela Pollack
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Robert P Igo
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Richard A Jensen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Mark Christiansen
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Elizabeth J Rossin
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ayellet V Segrè
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samaneh Davoudi
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gavin S Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Jane Z Kuo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
- Medical Affairs, Ophthalmology, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., Princeton, NJ
| | - Latchezar M Dimitrov
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Lynn K Stanwyck
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Weihua Meng
- Division of Population Health Sciences, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee School of Medicine, Scotland, U.K
| | - S Mohsen Hosseini
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minako Imamura
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Darryl Nousome
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Yang Hai
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Yucheng Jia
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aaron Leong
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Unit, Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kaanan Shah
- Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kyu Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Eli Ipp
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolism, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Sharon G Adler
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Torrance, CA
| | - John R Sedor
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- Division of Nephrology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayne H-H Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- CHU de Poitiers, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1402, Poitiers, France
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - David-Alexandre Tregouet
- Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Mckean-Cowdin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rohit Varma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisabet Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andrew Morris
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Alex S F Doney
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Helen M Colhoun
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Iiro Toppila
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiro Maeda
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Advanced Genomic and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
- Division of Clinical Laboratory and Blood Transfusion, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Craig L Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Alan Penman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Ching J Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Heather Hancock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics & Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Grassi
- Grassi Retina, Naperville, IL
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Colin Palmer
- Pat MacPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - David Siscovick
- Institute for Urban Health, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mary Frances Cotch
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barbara E K Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, LA BioMed and Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Sudha K Iyengar
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Alkes L Price
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Tan GS, Gan A, Sabanayagam C, Tham YC, Neelam K, Mitchell P, Wang JJ, Lamoureux EL, Cheng CY, Wong TY. Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology 2018; 125:529-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Tan ACS, Tan GS, Denniston AK, Keane PA, Ang M, Milea D, Chakravarthy U, Cheung CMG. An overview of the clinical applications of optical coherence tomography angiography. Eye (Lond) 2018; 32:262-286. [PMID: 28885606 PMCID: PMC5811700 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has emerged as a novel, non-invasive imaging modality that allows the detailed study of flow within the vascular structures of the eye. Compared to conventional dye angiography, OCTA can produce more detailed, higher resolution images of the vasculature without the added risk of dye injection. In our review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new technology in comparison to conventional dye angiography. We provide an overview of the current OCTA technology available, compare the various commercial OCTA machines technical specifications and discuss some future software improvements. An approach to the interpretation of OCTA images by correlating images to other multimodal imaging with attention to identifying potential artefacts will be outlined and may be useful to ophthalmologists, particularly those who are currently still unfamiliar with this new technology. This review is based on a search of peer-reviewed published papers relevant to OCTA according to our current knowledge, up to January 2017, available on the PubMed database. Currently, many of the published studies have focused on OCTA imaging of the retina, in particular, the use of OCTA in the diagnosis and management of common retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinal vascular diseases. In addition, we describe clinical applications for OCTA imaging in inflammatory diseases, optic nerve diseases and anterior segment diseases. This review is based on both the current literature and the clinical experience of our individual authors, with an emphasis on the clinical applications of this imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C S Tan
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - G S Tan
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A K Denniston
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - P A Keane
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - M Ang
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Milea
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - U Chakravarthy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University of Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - C M G Cheung
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
Diabetic macular oedema, characterised by exudative fluid accumulation in the macula, is the most common form of sight-threatening retinopathy in people with diabetes. It affects one in 15 people with diabetes resulting in more than 20 million cases worldwide. Few epidemiological studies have been done to specifically investigate risk factors for diabetic macular oedema, although poor glycaemic and blood pressure control are associated with the presence and development of the disorder. The pathophysiological processes begin with chronic hyperglycaemia, and interplay between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammatory mediators. Non-invasive imaging using optical coherence tomography has allowed clinicians to detect mild levels of diabetic macular oedema in order to monitor progress and guide treatment. Although focal or grid laser photocoagulation was the traditional mode of treatment, intraocular pharmacotherapy with anti-VEGF agents is now the standard of care. However, these therapies are expensive and resource intensive. Emerging therapeutic strategies include improving efficacy and duration of VEGF suppression, targeting alternative pathways such as inflammation, the kallikrein-kinin system, the angiopoietin-Tie2 system, and neurodegeneration, and using subthreshold and targeted laser therapy. Ongoing research should lead to improvements in screening, diagnosis, and management of diabetic macular oedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin S Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ning Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERDEM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemmy C M Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Huang OS, Tay WT, Ong PG, Sabanayagam C, Cheng CY, Tan GS, Cheung GCM, Lamoureux EL, Wong TY. Prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy and vision-threatening retinopathy in a multiethnic Asian cohort: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases (SEED) study. Br J Ophthalmol 2015; 99:1614-21. [PMID: 25953847 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-306492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and risk factors of undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy (DR), in particular vision-threatening DR (VTDR) in a multiethnic Asian cohort. DESIGN A population-based survey of 3353 Chinese, 3280 Malays and 3400 Indians (73.6% response) aged 40-80 years residing in Singapore. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was defined as random glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L, use of diabetic medication or a previous physician diagnosis. DR severity was graded from retinal photographs following the modified Airlie House classification. VTDR was defined as the presence of severe non-proliferative DR (NPDR), proliferative DR (PDR) or clinically significant macular oedema (CSMO), using the Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group definition. Participants were deemed 'undiagnosed' if they reported no prior physician diagnosis in structured interviews, in those with the condition. RESULTS Of 10 033 participants, 2376 had DM (23.7%), of which 805 (33.9%) had DR. Among 2376 with DM, 11.1% (n=263) were undiagnosed. Among 805 with DR, 671 (83.3%) were undiagnosed. Among 212 with VTDR, 59 (27.3%) were undiagnosed. In multivariate models, factors associated with undiagnosed VTDR were higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (OR=1.53, 95% CI 0.99 to 2.35, p=0.05) and absence of visual impairment or blindness in any eye in terms of best-corrected vision OR=3.00, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.11, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS In this community, a quarter with VTDR is undiagnosed, and 8 in 10 with any DR are undiagnosed, compared with only 1 in 10 with DM undiagnosed. These findings suggest that screening for diabetes is successful, while screening for DR is currently inadequate in our population. Public health strategies to aid early diagnosis of DR in Singapore are urgently warranted to reduce blindness due to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Huang
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Ting Tay
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peng Guan Ong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin S Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gemmy C M Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ecosse L Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore Center for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore Center for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Cheng CY, Yamashiro K, Jia Chen L, Ahn J, Huang L, Huang L, Cheung CMG, Miyake M, Cackett PD, Yeo IY, Laude A, Mathur R, Pang J, Sim KS, Koh AH, Chen P, Lee SY, Wong D, Chan CM, Loh BK, Sun Y, Davila S, Nakata I, Nakanishi H, Akagi-Kurashige Y, Gotoh N, Tsujikawa A, Matsuda F, Mori K, Yoneya S, Sakurada Y, Iijima H, Iida T, Honda S, Lai TYY, Tam POS, Chen H, Tang S, Ding X, Wen F, Lu F, Zhang X, Shi Y, Zhao P, Zhao B, Sang J, Gong B, Dorajoo R, Yuan JM, Koh WP, van Dam RM, Friedlander Y, Lin Y, Hibberd ML, Foo JN, Wang N, Wong CH, Tan GS, Park SJ, Bhargava M, Gopal L, Naing T, Liao J, Ong PG, Mitchell P, Zhou P, Xie X, Liang J, Mei J, Jin X, Saw SM, Ozaki M, Mizoguchi T, Kurimoto Y, Woo SJ, Chung H, Yu HG, Shin JY, Park DH, Kim IT, Chang W, Sagong M, Lee SJ, Kim HW, Lee JE, Li Y, Liu J, Teo YY, Heng CK, Lim TH, Yang SK, Song K, Vithana EN, Aung T, Bei JX, Zeng YX, Tai ES, Li XX, Yang Z, Park KH, Pang CP, Yoshimura N, Wong TY, Khor CC. Corrigendum: New loci and coding variants confer risk for age-related macular degeneration in East Asians. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6817. [PMID: 25817435 PMCID: PMC4400603 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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15
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Cheng CY, Yamashiro K, Chen LJ, Ahn J, Huang L, Huang L, Cheung CMG, Miyake M, Cackett PD, Yeo IY, Laude A, Mathur R, Pang J, Sim KS, Koh AH, Chen P, Lee SY, Wong D, Chan CM, Loh BK, Sun Y, Davila S, Nakata I, Nakanishi H, Akagi-Kurashige Y, Gotoh N, Tsujikawa A, Matsuda F, Mori K, Yoneya S, Sakurada Y, Iijima H, Iida T, Honda S, Lai TYY, Tam POS, Chen H, Tang S, Ding X, Wen F, Lu F, Zhang X, Shi Y, Zhao P, Zhao B, Sang J, Gong B, Dorajoo R, Yuan JM, Koh WP, van Dam RM, Friedlander Y, Lin Y, Hibberd ML, Foo JN, Wang N, Wong CH, Tan GS, Park SJ, Bhargava M, Gopal L, Naing T, Liao J, Ong PG, Mitchell P, Zhou P, Xie X, Liang J, Mei J, Jin X, Saw SM, Ozaki M, Mizoguchi T, Kurimoto Y, Woo SJ, Chung H, Yu HG, Shin JY, Park DH, Kim IT, Chang W, Sagong M, Lee SJ, Kim HW, Lee JE, Li Y, Liu J, Teo YY, Heng CK, Lim TH, Yang SK, Song K, Vithana EN, Aung T, Bei JX, Zeng YX, Tai ES, Li XX, Yang Z, Park KH, Pang CP, Yoshimura N, Wong TY, Khor CC. New loci and coding variants confer risk for age-related macular degeneration in East Asians. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6063. [PMID: 25629512 PMCID: PMC4317498 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness, but presents differently in Europeans and Asians. Here, we perform a genome-wide and exome-wide association study on 2,119 patients with exudative AMD and 5,691 controls, with independent replication in 4,226 patients and 10,289 controls, all of East Asian descent, as part of The Genetics of AMD in Asians (GAMA) Consortium. We find a strong association between CETP Asp442Gly (rs2303790), an East Asian-specific mutation, and increased risk of AMD (odds ratio (OR)=1.70, P=5.60 × 10−22). The AMD risk allele (442Gly), known to protect from coronary heart disease, increases HDL cholesterol levels by 0.17 mmol l−1 (P=5.82 × 10−21) in East Asians (n=7,102). We also identify three novel AMD loci: C6orf223 Ala231Ala (OR=0.78, P=6.19 × 10−18), SLC44A4 Asp47Val (OR=1.27, P=1.08 × 10−11) and FGD6 Gln257Arg (OR=0.87, P=2.85 × 10−8). Our findings suggest that some of the genetic loci conferring AMD susceptibility in East Asians are shared with Europeans, yet AMD in East Asians may also have a distinct genetic signature. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness worldwide. Here, the authors carry out a two-stage genome-wide association study for AMD and identify three new AMD risk loci, highlighting the shared and distinct genetic basis of the disease in East Asians and Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Cheng
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore [3] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [4] Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 156-707, Korea
| | - Lulin Huang
- 1] Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China [2] School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lvzhen Huang
- 1] Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100044, China [2] Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100871, China [3] Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chui Ming G Cheung
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Miyake
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan [2] Center for Genomic Medicine/Inserm U.852, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Peter D Cackett
- 1] Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore [2] Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, UK
| | - Ian Y Yeo
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Augustinus Laude
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Ranjana Mathur
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Junxiong Pang
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Kar Seng Sim
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Adrian H Koh
- 1] Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore [2] Eye and Retinal Surgeons, Camden Medical Centre, Singapore 248649, Singapore
| | - Peng Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Shu Yen Lee
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Doric Wong
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Choi Mun Chan
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Boon Kwang Loh
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- 1] Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100044, China [2] Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100871, China [3] Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sonia Davila
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [2] Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Isao Nakata
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan [2] Center for Genomic Medicine/Inserm U.852, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Yumiko Akagi-Kurashige
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan [2] Center for Genomic Medicine/Inserm U.852, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Norimoto Gotoh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Akitaka Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine/Inserm U.852, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma 3500495, Japan
| | - Shin Yoneya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma 3500495, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakurada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iijima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 1628666, Japan
| | - Shigeru Honda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 6500017, Japan
| | - Timothy Yuk Yau Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pancy Oi Sin Tam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Shantou University/Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- 1] Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Feng Wen
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fang Lu
- 1] Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China [2] School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiongze Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yi Shi
- 1] Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China [2] School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bowen Zhao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinghong Sang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bo Gong
- 1] Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China [2] School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- 1] Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- 1] Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore [2] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | | | - Ying Lin
- 1] Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China [2] School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Martin L Hibberd
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chang Hua Wong
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Gavin S Tan
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Sang Jun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea
| | - Mayuri Bhargava
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Lingam Gopal
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Thet Naing
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jiemin Liao
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Peng Guan Ong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney and Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Peng Zhou
- Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | | | - Junpu Mei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xin Jin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore [3] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [4] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | | | | | - Yasuo Kurimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City General Hospital, Kobe 6500046, Japan
| | - Se Joon Woo
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea [2] Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Hum Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Joo Young Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-721, Korea
| | - In Taek Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-721, Korea
| | - Woohyok Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 705-802, Korea
| | - Min Sagong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 705-802, Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Pusan 606-701, Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Pusan 614-735, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- 1] Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan 602-739, Korea [2] Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan 602-739, Korea
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- 1] Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore [2] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- 1] Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore [2] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Chew Kiat Heng
- Department of Pediatrics, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Tock Han Lim
- National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Suk-Kyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Kyuyoung Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Eranga N Vithana
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore [3] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [3] Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Jin Xin Bei
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi Xin Zeng
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou 510060, China [2] Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510080, China [3] Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - E Shyong Tai
- 1] Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore [2] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore [3] Department of Medicine, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Xiao Xin Li
- 1] Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100044, China [2] Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100871, China [3] Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- 1] Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China [2] School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Kyu-Hyung Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nagahisa Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 6068507, Japan
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore [3] Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore [4] Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- 1] Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore [2] Division of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore [3] Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549, Singapore
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Tan GS, Kuehlewein L, Sadda SR, Sarraf D, Schwartz SD. SUBRETINAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA TYPE 2: OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY AND TREATMENT RESPONSE. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2015; 9:286-289. [PMID: 26288110 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the optical coherence tomographic angiography findings and response to treatment in a case of macular telangiectasia Type 2 with subretinal neovascularization. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 64-year-old man with macular telangiectasia Type 2 developed subretinal neovascularization, which was imaged on optical coherence tomographic angiography. He was treated with intravitreal aflibercept, and there was a remarkable reduction of flow in the subretinal neovascular network on optical coherence tomographic angiography. CONCLUSION Optical coherence tomographic angiography provides detailed information on the retinal microvasculature and subretinal neovascularization in macular telangiectasia Type 2. It can be used to assess response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin S Tan
- *Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; †Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore; and ‡Doheny Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Lim HB, Tan GS, Lim L, Htoon HM. Comparison of keratometric and pachymetric parameters with Scheimpflug imaging in normal and keratoconic Asian eyes. Clin Ophthalmol 2014; 8:2215-20. [PMID: 25419113 PMCID: PMC4235509 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s66598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the keratometric and pachymetric parameters of keratoconic corneas of Asian eyes with the Scheimpflug imaging camera. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 22 eyes with Amsler-Krumeich stage 1 keratoconus and 48 eyes from normal subjects conducted in a tertiary eye hospital. A rotating Scheimpflug imaging system, the Pentacam, was used to evaluate all eyes for tomographic parameters, as well as pachymetric progression indices (PPI) and Ambrósio relational thickness (ART). RESULTS All PPI and ART parameter values were significantly different between study and control groups. Cornea minimum radius of curvature, absolute distance from corneal apex to thinnest location, as well as the distance from corneal apex to thinnest location in Y-axis also demonstrated statistically significant differences. The mean ART values for keratoconus eyes were 241 μm (ART-maximum) and 352 μm (ART-average), falling within previously reported best cutoff values for detecting keratoconus. On receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, the area under the curve values were highest for PPI and ART parameters. CONCLUSION There are significant differences in tomographic parameters between stage 1 keratoconic and normal Asian eyes. Pachymetric indices such as the PPI and the ART index can serve as additional tools in differentiating keratoconic from normal eyes. The findings validate the usefulness of the ART in identifying keratoconic eyes in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Lim
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
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18
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Tan GS, He M, Tan DT, Mehta JS. Correlation of anterior segment optical coherence tomography measurements with graft trephine diameter following descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty. BMC Med Imaging 2012; 12:19. [PMID: 22824516 PMCID: PMC3431259 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2342-12-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess repeatability of the Zhongshan Assessment Program (ZAP) software measurement of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (ASOCT) images and correlate with graft trephine diameter following Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) Methods Retrospectively evaluated interventional case series. 121 consecutive eyes undergoing DSAEK over a 26 month period underwent ASOCT imaging 1month after their surgery. ASOCT images were processed using ZAP software which measured the graft and cornea parameters including anterior and posterior graft arc length and cord length, posterior cornea arc length (PCAL) and anterior chamber width. Results The graft measurements showed good repeatability on ASOCT using ZAP with high intra class coefficient and small variation in the coefficient of variation. On ASOCT, the mean recipient PCAL was 12.99+/−0.69mm and the anterior chamber width was 11.16+/−0.57mm. The mean Graft anterior arc length was 9.69+/−0.66mm and the mean Graft anterior cord length was 8.92+/−2.94mm. The mean graft posterior arc length was 9.24+/−0.75mm and the mean graft posterior cord length was 8.15+/−0.57mm. Graft posterior arc length (rho=0.788, p< 0.001) correlated best with intra-operative graft trephine diameter. The mean ratio of posterior graft arc length to PCAL was 0.712 +/− 0.056. Conclusions We have validated the repeatability of the ZAP software for DSAEK graft measurements from ASOCT images and shown that the graft arc length parameters calculated from the ASOCT images correlate well with the intra-operative graft trephine diameter. This software may help surgeons determine the optimal DSAEK graft size based on pre-operative ASOCT measurements of the recipient eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin S Tan
- Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC), 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
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Tan GS, He M, Zhao W, Sakata LM, Li J, Nongpiur ME, Lavanya R, Friedman DS, Aung T. Determinants of lens vault and association with narrow angles in patients from Singapore. Am J Ophthalmol 2012; 154:39-46. [PMID: 22465367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the distribution and determinants of lens vault and to investigate the association of lens vault with narrow angles. DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS Phakic subjects 50 years and older were evaluated at a primary healthcare clinic with gonioscopy, partial laser interferometry, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Narrow angles were defined as posterior trabecular meshwork not visible for ≥2 quadrants on non-indentation gonioscopy. Lens vault was defined as the perpendicular distance between the anterior pole of the crystalline lens and the horizontal line joining the 2 scleral spurs on horizontal AS-OCT scans. Analysis of covariance, multivariate logistic regression, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were performed. RESULTS Of the 2047 subjects recruited, 582 were excluded because of poor image quality or inability to locate scleral spurs, leaving 1465 subjects for analysis. Eyes with narrow angles had greater lens vault compared to eyes with open angles (775.6 µm vs 386.5 µm, P < .0001). Women had significantly greater lens vault than men (497.28 µm vs 438.56 µm, P < .001), and lens vault increased significantly with age (P for trend <.001). Adjusted for age and sex, significant associations with greater lens vault were shorter axial length, shallower anterior chamber depth(ACD), higher intraocular pressure, and more hyperopic spherical equivalent (all P < .001). On multivariate analysis, subjects with lens vault >667.6 µm were more likely to have narrow angles (OR 2.201, 95% CI: 1.070-4.526) compared to those with lens vault ≤462.7 µm. The AUC for lens vault (0.816) and ACD (0.822) for detecting narrow angles were similar (P = .582). CONCLUSIONS Lens vault was independently associated with narrow angles and may be useful in screening to detect eyes with narrow angles.
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Quek DT, Koh VT, Tan GS, Perera SA, Wong TT, Aung T. Blindness and long-term progression of visual field defects in chinese patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2011; 152:463-469. [PMID: 21676375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2011.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the long-term rates of blindness and visual field (VF) progression in treated primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients. DESIGN Retrospective observational case series. METHODS PACG patients with ≥10 years of follow-up were analyzed. All VFs (static automated perimetry, central 24-2 threshold test) performed were reviewed and reliable VFs (fixation losses <20%, false positives and false negatives <33%) were scored using the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) system. Progression of a VF defect was defined as a change of ≥4 from baseline on 2 consecutive VF tests. RESULTS From the 137 eyes of 87 patients with PACG with ≥10 years of follow-up identified, 6% and 30.1% were blind based on initial visual acuity (VA) and VF criteria respectively and 12.0% had an initial AGIS score of 20; these were excluded. Eighty-three eyes from 57 patients (all Chinese, mean age 59.9 ± 8.2 years, 67.5% female) were analyzed. The mean AGIS score was 5.14 ± 4.37 at baseline. VF deterioration was detected in 27 eyes (32.5%) of 21 patients, with 4.8% and 7.2% of eyes progressing to blindness based on VA and VF criteria respectively. On Cox regression, eyes with VF progression had higher mean overall IOP (P < .001), and higher prevalence of previous acute angle closure (AAC, P = .008). CONCLUSIONS Over 10 years, a third of PACG patients were found to have VF progression, with 7% progressing to blindness while on treatment. Eyes with higher mean overall IOP and a history of previous AAC were more likely to have VF progression.
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Ramli N, Chai SM, Tan GS, Husain R, Hoh ST, Ho CL, Aung T. Efficacy of medical therapy in the initial management of acute primary angle closure in Asians. Eye (Lond) 2010; 24:1599-602. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2010.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Choi HK, Tan GS, Sundar G. Reply. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2010; 4:288. [PMID: 25390682 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0b013e3181e42942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Choi HK, Tan GS, Sundar G. Rosiglitazone toxicity: accidental overdose leading to macular edema. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2010; 4:73-77. [PMID: 25390127 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0b013e318196b2db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To highlight the clinical effects of rosiglitazone overdose. METHODS Case report, observational. RESULTS A 60-year-old Chinese man accidentally ingested 20 mg rosiglitazone. His usual dose was 2 mg once in the morning. Complications of drug overdose were monitored. He consequently developed right mild macular edema. This resolved spontaneously without laser treatment. No systemic toxicity, hypoglycemia, or peripheral edema was observed. CONCLUSION Rosiglitazone overdose causes acute macular edema that resolves spontaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold K Choi
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of diabetes mellitus and metabolic abnormalities with intraocular pressure and glaucoma. METHODS A population-based study was conducted in 3280 (78.7% response) Malay adults aged 40 to 80 years. Diabetes was defined as a random serum glucose level of 200 mg/dL or greater or physician diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Metabolic abnormalities including body mass index, lipid levels, and blood pressure were measured. Glaucoma was defined from a standardized examination by means of the International Society for Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria. RESULTS There were 764 persons (23.3%) who had diabetes. After controlling for age, sex, education, smoking, central corneal thickness, and diabetes treatment, intraocular pressure was higher in persons with than without diabetes (16.7 vs 15.0 mm Hg, P < .001) and in those with higher serum glucose levels (P < .001), glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations (P < .001), total cholesterol levels (P = .001), triglyceride levels (P = .002), and body mass index (P = .001). However, the prevalence of glaucoma was similar between persons with and without diabetes (4.7% vs 4.5%). In multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, education, smoking, central corneal thickness, and diabetes treatment, diabetes was not associated with glaucoma (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-1.61). CONCLUSION These data suggest that, although diabetes and metabolic abnormalities may be associated with a small increase in intraocular pressure, they are not significant risk factors for glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin S Tan
- Singapore National Eye Centre and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin S Tan
- Singapore National Eye Centre and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
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Tan GS, Wong CY, Wong TY, Govindasamy CV, Wong EY, Yeo IY, Aung T. Is routine pupil dilation safe among asian patients with diabetes? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:4110-3. [PMID: 19443719 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the risk of acute angle closure (AAC), changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), and factors associated with these outcomes after routine pupil dilation in a cohort of Asian subjects with diabetes mellitus. METHODS The study was a prospective observational case series of 1910 consecutive Asian subjects newly referred for assessment of diabetic retinopathy at a tertiary clinic. All subjects underwent routine pupil dilation unless there was a prior history of angle-closure glaucoma. Noncontact air-puff tonometry was used to assess IOP, which was measured by the same observer before and 1 hour after pupil dilation. Subjects were assessed for signs and symptoms of AAC before leaving the clinic, and their charts were also subsequently reviewed for revisits with AAC. RESULTS Of the 1910 subjects who participated, none developed AAC. Sixty-nine subjects (3.6%, 95% CI: 2.8%-4.5%) showed an increase in IOP of >or=5 mm Hg in the either eye, 37 subjects (1.9%, 95% CI: 1.4%-2.6%) had a postdilation IOP >25 mm Hg in either eye, and only 10 subjects (0.52%, 95% CI: 0.25%-0.96%) had an increase in IOP >or=5 mm Hg and had a postdilation IOP >25 mm Hg in either eye. The level of predilation IOP and a known history of glaucoma were significant risk factors for a postdilation IOP >or=25 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of Asian persons with diabetes, the risk of AAC was insignificant after routine dilation of pupils for fundus examination. These data substantiate the safety of routine dilation of pupils in Asian patients with diabetes.
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Abstract
Neurenteric cysts are rare developmental cysts lined by endodermal derived epithelium. We present the case of a 68-year-old patient presenting with seizures who was found to have an extra-axial low density lesion with associated wall calcification on CT. Aspiration and biopsy of the cyst revealed a neurenteric cyst. Such lesions of the lateral supratentorial convexity are extremely rare and calcification has not been previously reported in these intracranial cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Tan
- Department of Radiology, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Xu PS, Tan GS, Li XZ. [A study of quality standards for fuyanke granule]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2000; 25:502-4. [PMID: 12212134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish the quality standards for fuyanke(FYK) granule. METHODS The phellodendron Chinese schneid, polygonum cuspidatum, sieb. et Zucc and glycyrrihza uralensis fisch in FYK granule were identified by thin-layer chromatography(TLC). The contents of berberine were determined by thin-layer chromatographic scanning(TLCs). RESULTS The average recovery rate was 97.86%, and the relative standard deviation 1.96%. CONCLUSION The method is simple, accurate and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410008
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Tan GS, Dai ZY, Xu PS. [Determination of tetrandrine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2000; 25:409-10. [PMID: 12206020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The paper reports the determination of tetrandrine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A C18 column was used and the mobile phase was methanol-water(80:20) containing 0.03% triethylamine, detective wave was at 282 nm, the internal standard was diazepam, the sample was extracted with ether. The linear range was from 0.289 microgram.ml-1 to 4.618 micrograms.ml-1, the average recovery rate was 95.8%. The coefficients of variation of within-day and day-to-day were less than 5%. This method is simple, rapid and accurate. It can be used in biomedical sample analysis of tetrandrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410008
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Oon CJ, Chen WN, Lim N, Koh S, Lim GK, Leong AL, Tan GS. Hepatitis B virus variants with lamivudine-related mutations in the DNA polymerase and the 'a' epitope of the surface antigen are sensitive to ganciclovir. Antiviral Res 1999; 41:113-8. [PMID: 10320044 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(99)00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lamivudine is a new antiviral agent effective against hepatitis B viral (HBV) infections but can result in virus-drug resistance associated with mutations in the conserved 'YM552DD' motif of the HBV DNA polymerase. Due to their overlapping coding regions in the HBV genome, mutations in the DNA polymerase may result in substitutions in the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), albeit outside the antigenic 'a' epitope. Here we report the identification of a novel type of lamivudine-related mutations located in both the polymerase (YM552DD-->Y1552DD) and the 'a' epitope of HBsAg (Gly130-->Asp130). The same virus carried a HBsAg Gly145-->Arg145 mutation prior to therapy. Both the wild type HBV and lamivudine-related mutants with the Gly145-->Arg145 HBsAg mutation were suppressed following ganciclovir treatment, indicating a beneficial additive effect of both drugs against different forms of HBV mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Oon
- Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
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Tan GS, Kelly P, Kim J, Wartell RM. Comparison of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and a cAMP-independent form of CRP by Raman spectroscopy and DNA binding. Biochemistry 1991; 30:5076-80. [PMID: 1645189 DOI: 10.1021/bi00234a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The secondary structures of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP), a complex of CRP and cAMP, and a cAMP-independent receptor protein mutant (CRP*141 gln) were examined by using Raman spectroscopy. Spectra were obtained from CRP and CRP*141 gln dissolved in 0.3 M NaCl and 30 mM sodium phosphate at protein concentrations of 30-40 mg/mL. CRP and CRP.cAMP1 were compared at lower protein concentrations (10-12 mg/mL) in a solvent of 0.35 M NaCl and 20 mM sodium phosphate. Raman analysis indicates that CRP structural changes induced by one bound cAMP or by the Gly to Gln mutation at residue 141 are small. Spectra of the three CRP samples are essentially identical from 400 to 1900 cm-1. This result differs from the Raman spectroscopy study of CRP and CRP.cAMP2 cocrystals [DeGrazia et al. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 3557]. The latter work showed spectral differences between CRP and CRP.cAMP2 consistent with alterations in the protein conformation. These studies indicate that CRP and CRP.cAMP1 in solution are similar in structure and differ from CRP.cAMP2 cocrystals. Protease digestion and a DNA binding assay were also employed to characterize the wild-type and mutant proteins. CRP*141 gln exhibited the same conformational characteristics of previously reported cAMP-independent mutant proteins. It was sensitive to proteolytic attack in the absence of cAMP, or upon addition of cGMP. In the absence of cAMP, both wild-type and mutant CRPs bound noncooperatively to a 62 bp lac promoter DNA. The equilibrium constants were approximately 10(6) M-1 in 0.1 M Na+. CRP*141 gln had a 2-4-fold higher affinity for the 62 bp DNA than CRP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Tan
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332
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Zuo ET, Tanious FA, Wilson WD, Zon G, Tan GS, Wartell RM. Effect of base-pair sequence on the conformations and thermally induced transitions in oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing only AT base pairs. Biochemistry 1990; 29:4446-56. [PMID: 2350548 DOI: 10.1021/bi00470a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tm curves, CD spectra, and kinetics results of the self-complementary DNA dodecamers d(A6T6), d(A3T3A3T3), d(A2T2A2T2A2T2), d(ATATATATATAT), and d(T6A6) demonstrate that the thermal transitions of these oligomers at low salt concentration involve a hairpin intermediate. At high salt concentrations (greater than 0.1 M Na+) only a duplex to denatured-strand transition appears to occur. The temperature and salt-concentration regions of the transitions are very sequence dependent. Alternating-type AT sequences have a lower duplex stability and a greater tendency to form hairpins than sequences containing more nonalternating AT base pairs. Of the two nonalternating sequences, d(T6A6) is significantly less stable than d(A6T6). Both oligomers have CD curves that are very similar to the unusual CD spectrum of poly(dA).poly(dT). The Raman spectra of these two oligomers are also quite similar, but at low temperature, small intensity differences in two backbone modes and three nucleoside vibrations are obtained. The hairpin to duplex transition for the AT dodecamers was examined by salt-jump kinetics measurements. The transition is faster than transitions for palindromic-sequence oligomers containing terminal GC base pairs. Stopped-flow kinetics studies indicate that the transition is second order and has a relatively low activation energy. The reaction rate increases with increasing ionic strength. These results are consistent with a three-step mechanism for the hairpin to duplex reaction: (i) fraying of the hairpin oligomers' terminal base pairs, (ii) a rate-determining bimolecular step involving formation of a cruciform-type intermediate from two hairpin oligomers with open terminal base pairs, and (iii) base-pair migration and formation in the intermediate to give the duplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303
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Abstract
Raman spectroscopy was employed to examine the secondary structure of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP). Spectra were obtained over the range 400-1900 cm-1 from solutions of CRP and from CRP-cAMP cocrystals. The spectra of CRP dissolved in 30 mM sodium phosphate and 0.15 M NaCl buffered at either pH 6 or pH 8 or dissolved in 0.15-0.2 M NaCl at protein concentrations of 5, 15, and 30 mg/mL were examined. Estimates of the secondary structure distribution were made by analyzing the amide I region of the spectra (1630-1700 cm-1). CRP secondary structure distributions were essentially the same in either pH and at all protein concentrations examined. The amide I analyses indicated a structural distribution of 44% alpha-helix, 28% beta-strand, 18% turn, and 10% undefined for CRP in solution. Raman spectra of CRP-cAMP cocrystals differed from the spectra of CRP in solution. Some differences were assigned to interfering background bands, whereas other spectral differences were attributed to changes in CRP structure. Differences in the amide III region and in the intensity at 935 cm-1 were consistent with alterations in secondary structure. Analysis of the amide I region of the CRP-cAMP cocrystal spectrum indicated a secondary structure distribution of 37% alpha-helix, 33% beta-strand, 17% turn, and 12% undefined. This result is in agreement with a published secondary structure distribution derived from X-ray analysis of CRP-cAMP cocrystals (37% alpha-helix and 36% beta-strand).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H DeGrazia
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332
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Tan WT, Tan GS, Nather Khan IS. Solubilities of trace copper and lead species and the complexing capacity of river water in the Linggi River Basin. Environ Pollut 1988; 52:221-235. [PMID: 15092608 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(88)90005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/1987] [Revised: 12/14/1987] [Accepted: 01/04/1988] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chemical forms of copper and lead in river water of the Linggi River Basin have been fractionated into ASV labile, moderately labile, slowly labile, and inert metal species, based on a previously proposed scheme. Free (hydrated) metal ions were identified by a potentiometric method using an ion selective electrode. Speciation results showed that the soluble copper and lead species occurred mainly in the moderately labile and slowly labile fractions. The speciation results are primarily interpreted in terms of organic interaction due to agricultural based and light industries, and urban discharges. The measured metal complexing capacity (MCC) of the samples reveals consistency of the results with the nature of the discharge. MCC correlates reasonably well with the value from the permanganate test on the river water. In general, the speciation pattern was found to be consistent with the findings of other workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Tan
- Chemistry Department, Universiti Pertanian Malaysia 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Tavares S, Thaung M, Tan GS, Novin N. Pericardial-peritoneal window for chronic pericardial effusion. Md State Med J 1981; 30:64. [PMID: 7311613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Tan GS, Tan JS. Salmonella typhimurium gastroenteritis in children. A clinical study. J Singapore Paediatr Soc 1972; 14:97-100. [PMID: 4569413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Tan GS, Cheng HK. Hirschsprung's disease--clinical aspects. J Singapore Paediatr Soc 1971; 13:79-84. [PMID: 5149809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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