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Trusov NV, Semin MO, Shipelin VA, Apryatin SA, Gmoshinski IV. [Liver gene expression in normal and obese rats received resveratrol and L-carnitine]. Vopr Pitan 2021; 90:25-37. [PMID: 34719140 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2021-90-5-25-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activity in the composition of foods for special dietary uses and dietary supplements is one of the effective methods of dietary therapy of alimentary obesity and related diseases. The aim was to study the effect of the combined intake of resveratrol and L-carnitine (RC) on the expression of genes responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and inflammatory reactions in the liver and kidneys of rats in normal conditions and with diet-induced obesity. Material and methods. Male Wistar rats received for 63 days a standard balanced diet or a high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) with an excess of total fat (30%) and fructose (20% solution instead of drinking water), or the same diets supplemented with RC in a low (25 mg/kg body weight as resveratrol and 300 mg/kg as L-carnitine) or high (50 and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively) doses. The expression of genes (Khk, Gck, Pklr, Acaca, Acacb, Fasn, Scd, Srebf1, Mlxipl, Ppara, Pparg, Actb, Gapdh) in liver cells was studied by the method of real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The distribution of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2) and intercellular adhesion molecule type 2 (ICAM-2) in the liver and kidneys was assessed by confocal laser microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Results. Increased expression of Fasn (fatty acid synthase) in rats treated with high-fat high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) decreased under RC intake. RC consumption caused a decrease in the number of TAT-, NRF-2- and ICAM-2-positive cells in the liver of rats treated with HFCD, but had the opposite effect in the kidneys. The consumption of RC at the low dose by rats fed HFCD caused changes in the expression profiles of the studied marker genes, indicating a possible hypolipidemic effect. However, observed increased expression of lipogenic genes in the liver and elevated level of NRF-2 and ICAM-2 in kidney against the background of consumption of RC with the standard balanced diet cannot be assessed as unambiguously positive. Conclusion. Thus, possible negative effects caused, most likely, by the interaction of nutraceuticals with various mechanisms of action should be taken into account when developing formulations of dietary supplements and foods for special dietary uses for dietary therapy of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Trusov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M O Semin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V A Shipelin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - S A Apryatin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - I V Gmoshinski
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Shipelin VA, Shumakova AA, Semin MO, Trusov NV, Balakina AS, Timonin AN, Gmoshinski IV, Nikityuk DV. [Influence of the L-carnitine and resveratrol complex on physiological, biochemical and morphological indicators of normal and obese rats]. Vopr Pitan 2021; 90:15-32. [PMID: 33740324 DOI: 10.33029/0042-8833-2021-90-1-15-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Specialized products and dietary supplements, enriched with complexes of minor biologically active substances (BAS), are often offered as components of therapeutic diets in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. At the same time, the possible effects of the interactions of BAS when consuming a multicomponent product have not been studied enough. The aim - to study the action on rats' organism of a complex supplement (RС), containing resveratrol (Res) and L-carnitine (L-Car), when consumed with a standard balanced or hypercaloric diet. Material and methods. Male Wistar rats received for 63 days a standard balanced diet (SD) or a high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) with an excess of total fat (30%) and fructose (20% solution instead of drinking water), or the same diets supplemented with RС in a low (25 mg/kg body weight as Res and 300 mg/kg body weight as L-Car) or high (50 and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively) doses. The muscle grip strength, behavioral reactions in tests of the conditioned passive avoidance reflex (CPAR) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were studied. At the end of the experiment, the mass of adipose tissue and internal organs was determined together with the activity of microsomal and cytosolic liver enzymes for specific substrates, plasma biochemical parameters, liver morphology by lightoptical microscopy, accumulation of lipofuscin-like granules (LLG) in the liver and kidneys by laser confocal microscopy. Results. In the rats fed HFCD, compared with SD, there was an increase in the mass index of liver, total inguinal and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue, in the levels of glucose and triglycerides, in the activity of hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP3A monooxygenases, UDPglucuronosyltransferase, heme oxygenase, and simultaneous decrease of high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and quinone oxidoreductase activity. The RС intake stimulated the locomotor activity of rats in EPM, however, this effect was less pronounced against the background of HFCD consumption. In rats consuming SD (but not HFCD), the addition of RС caused an increase in search activity and anxiety according to the EPM and CPAR data. The effect on short- and long-term memory retention was statistically insignificant. RС intake did not have hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic properties but caused in low dose an increase in the ratio of the activity of transaminases AST/ALT in animals fed HFCD. The liver CYP3A activity increased in rats supplemented with RС in high dose fed HFCD. In the kidneys of animals, the consumption of RС resulted in increased accumulation of LLG. Conclusion. When studying the effect of the complex supplement RС on normal and obese rats according to the studied physiological, morphological and biochemical indexes, no positive effects were revealed, that would not have manifested themselves for Res and L-Car separate intake. No evidence of synergistic action of L-Car and Res were found, and some of the effects of the complex supplement can be considered as adverse. This requires careful assessment when combined using these substances in complex diet therapy of metabolic disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Shipelin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A A Shumakova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M O Semin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N V Trusov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A S Balakina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A N Timonin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - I V Gmoshinski
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D V Nikityuk
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Apryatin SA, Semin MO, Gmoshinskii IV, Nikityuk DB. High-Carbohydrate Diets Affect Accumulation of Lipofuscin-Like Pigment in the Kidneys of Mice and Rats: Autofluorescence Confocal Microscopy Analysis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 167:628-633. [PMID: 31628553 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of lipofuscin-like granules in liver, kidneys, and spleen cells in mice and rats of different lines receiving 30% sugar solutions (fructose, glucose, their mixture, and sucrose) in addition to balanced semisynthetic diet for 62 or 122 days was studied by the method of laser scanning confocal microscopy. The granules were detected by their autofluorescence at maximum λex =570-600 nm and λex=488 nm. In the kidneys of rats receiving glucose and, especially, the mixture of glucose and fructose, significant accumulation of lipofuscin-like granules was found that was absent in the control group animals receiving water. Intensive accumulation of the granules was observed in the kidneys of all groups of mice receiving sugars (except for glucose). Lipofuscin-like granules were located in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the distal and proximal convoluted tubules. In the liver of rats and mice, the signs of accumulation of lipofuscin-like granules were absent or minimal. In rat spleen, lipofuscinlike granules were found in the red pulp in all groups, but their accumulation significantly increased in animals receiving the diet enriched with glucose and sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Apryatin
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M O Semin
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Gmoshinskii
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - D B Nikityuk
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
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Sharif S, Jacquiet P, Prevot F, Grisez C, Raymond‐Letron I, Semin MO, Geffré A, Trumel C, Franc M, Bouhsira É, Liénard E. Stomoxys calcitrans, mechanical vector of virulent Besnoitia besnoiti from chronically infected cattle to susceptible rabbit. Med Vet Entomol 2019; 33:247-255. [PMID: 30666684 PMCID: PMC6850491 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cattle besnoitiosis caused by Besnoitia besnoiti (Eucoccidiorida: Sarcocystidae) is a re-emerging disease in Europe. Its mechanical transmission by biting flies has not been investigated since the 1960s. The aim of this study was to re-examine the ability of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) to transmit virulent B. besnoiti bradyzoites from chronically infected cows to susceptible rabbits. Three batches of 300 stable flies were allowed to take an interrupted bloodmeal on chronically infected cows, followed by an immediate bloodmeal on three rabbits (Group B). A control group of rabbits and a group exposed to the bites of non-infected S. calcitrans were included in the study. Blood quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses, and clinical, serological and haematological surveys were performed in the three groups over 152 days until the rabbits were killed. Quantitative PCR analyses and histological examinations were performed in 24 tissue samples per rabbit. Only one rabbit in Group B exhibited clinical signs of the acute phase of besnoitiosis (hyperthermia, weight loss, regenerative anaemia and transient positive qPCR in blood) and was seroconverted. Parasite DNA was detected in four tissue samples from this rabbit, but no cysts were observed on histological examination. These findings indicate that S. calcitrans may act as a mechanical vector of B. besnoiti more efficiently than was previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sharif
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - P. Jacquiet
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - F. Prevot
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - C. Grisez
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - I. Raymond‐Letron
- Département Santé Biologiques et Fonctionnelles, Laboratoire d'HistoPathologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LabHPEC), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, ENVT, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1031Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - M. O. Semin
- Département Santé Biologiques et Fonctionnelles, Laboratoire d'HistoPathologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LabHPEC), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - A. Geffré
- Département Sciences Cliniques Des Animaux De Compagnie, Équipe de Biologie Médicale‐Histologie, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales, INSERM, ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - C. Trumel
- Département Sciences Cliniques Des Animaux De Compagnie, Équipe de Biologie Médicale‐Histologie, Centre Régional d'Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales, INSERM, ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - M. Franc
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - É. Bouhsira
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - E. Liénard
- Département Élevage et Produits–Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT)Université de ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Département Santé Animale, Interactions Hôtes–Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ENVTUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
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Dahan J, Semin MO, Monton C, Amiriantz S, Concordet D, Raymond-Letron I, Dossin O. Comparison of routinely used intestinal biopsy forceps in dogs: an ex vivo histopathological approach. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:162-167. [PMID: 28267217 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the quality of duodenal and ileal samples obtained with different biopsy forceps. METHODS Fifteen dogs were included in a prospective ex vivo study. After euthanasia, the duodenum and the ileum were sampled with four different forceps and evaluated according to a standardised scoring system. The biopsy forceps evaluated had alligator jaws or cups with smooth edge with or without a needle. RESULTS The global quality of the biopsies was better in the ileum that in the duodenum regardless of the biopsy forceps. Biopsy forceps with smooth edge including a needle resulted in fewer artefacts than biopsy forceps with smooth edge but no needle in both sites and those with alligator jaws without a needle provided deeper biopsies than those with smooth edge without a needle only in the duodenum. There was no effect of the biopsy forceps type on the size of the biopsies. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings may aid in choosing the appropriate type of forceps for intestinal biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dahan
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Clinical Research Unit, National Veterinary School - INP, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - M O Semin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Veterinary School - INP, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - C Monton
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Clinical Research Unit, National Veterinary School - INP, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - S Amiriantz
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Clinical Research Unit, National Veterinary School - INP, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - D Concordet
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Veterinary School - INP, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - I Raymond-Letron
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Veterinary School - INP, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - O Dossin
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Clinical Research Unit, National Veterinary School - INP, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,IRSD, INSERM 1220, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, University of Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
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Kochetkova AA, Vorobyova VM, Vorobyova IS, Sharafetdinov KK, Sarkisyan VA, Semin MO, Savenkova TV, Soldatova EA, Osipov MV. [Theoretical and practical aspects of development of biscuits with a modified carbohydrate profile for patients with type 2 diabetes]. Vopr Pitan 2015; 84:122-131. [PMID: 29378107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop formulation and technology of flour confectionery products in the form of biscuits with a modified carbohydrate profile, a study of physico-chemical and structural-mechanical properties. The оbjects of this research were: basic food matrix, are the prototype of the designed product without modification of the carbohydrate profile prepared by the classic recipe and traditional technologies; model samples of cookies with a modified carbohydrate profile; the experimental sample cookie with a modified carbohydrate profile and optimized physic-chemical, structural-mechanical and organoleptic indicators. Determination of physic-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of biscuits was carried out by standard methods. The water activity was determined on the analyzer using a cooled mirror dew point sensor, structural-mechanical properties – on texturename with conical and cylindrical nozzles, imitating the processes of breakage and bite, describing the hardness, brittleness, breakage, and other properties of a food product. The modification of the carbohydrate profile of biscuit, consisting in the replacement of wheat flour traditionally used in the recipe of flour confectionery products, by the composition containing oat, barley and buckwheat flour, and in the exclusion of sugar and the introduction of ingredients that do not cause hyperglycemic effect: maltitol as a sweetener and beta-glucans. The technological scheme of production of new kinds of cookies has been developed, the parameters of the production process have been worked out, physical-chemical, structural-mechanical and organoleptic properties of a new type of cookie have been optimized. Analysis of the chemical composition of the cookies showed that 100 g contains 9.3 g of protein, 17.0 g of fat and 44.5 g of carbohydrates, including 42.4 g of starch, and 2.1 g mono- and disaccharides, 2.2 g dietary fiber, 20 g maltitol; caloric value of 420 kcal/1760 kJ. In accordance with the developed technology an experimental batch of cookies with a modified carbohydrate profile has been produced to evaluate its impact on postprandial glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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