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Zecher BF, Ellinghaus D, Schloer S, Niehrs A, Padoan B, Baumdick ME, Yuki Y, Martin MP, Glow D, Schröder-Schwarz J, Niersch J, Brias S, Müller LM, Habermann R, Kretschmer P, Früh T, Dänekas J, Wehmeyer MH, Poch T, Sebode M, Ellinghaus E, Degenhardt F, Körner C, Hoelzemer A, Fehse B, Oldhafer KJ, Schumacher U, Sauter G, Carrington M, Franke A, Bunders MJ, Schramm C, Altfeld M. HLA-DPA1*02:01~B1*01:01 is a risk haplotype for primary sclerosing cholangitis mediating activation of NKp44+ NK cells. Gut 2024; 73:325-337. [PMID: 37788895 PMCID: PMC10850656 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterised by bile duct strictures and progressive liver disease, eventually requiring liver transplantation. Although the pathogenesis of PSC remains incompletely understood, strong associations with HLA-class II haplotypes have been described. As specific HLA-DP molecules can bind the activating NK-cell receptor NKp44, we investigated the role of HLA-DP/NKp44-interactions in PSC. DESIGN Liver tissue, intrahepatic and peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals with PSC and control individuals were characterised using flow cytometry, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses. HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 imputation and association analyses were performed in 3408 individuals with PSC and 34 213 controls. NK cell activation on NKp44/HLA-DP interactions was assessed in vitro using plate-bound HLA-DP molecules and HLA-DPB wildtype versus knock-out human cholangiocyte organoids. RESULTS NKp44+NK cells were enriched in livers, and intrahepatic bile ducts of individuals with PSC showed higher expression of HLA-DP. HLA-DP haplotype analysis revealed a highly elevated PSC risk for HLA-DPA1*02:01~B1*01:01 (OR 1.99, p=6.7×10-50). Primary NKp44+NK cells exhibited significantly higher degranulation in response to plate-bound HLA-DPA1*02:01-DPB1*01:01 compared with control HLA-DP molecules, which were inhibited by anti-NKp44-blocking. Human cholangiocyte organoids expressing HLA-DPA1*02:01-DPB1*01:01 after IFN-γ-exposure demonstrated significantly increased binding to NKp44-Fc constructs compared with unstimulated controls. Importantly, HLA-DPA1*02:01-DPB1*01:01-expressing organoids increased degranulation of NKp44+NK cells compared with HLA-DPB1-KO organoids. CONCLUSION Our studies identify a novel PSC risk haplotype HLA-DP A1*02:01~DPB1*01:01 and provide clinical and functional data implicating NKp44+NK cells that recognise HLA-DPA1*02:01-DPB1*01:01 expressed on cholangiocytes in PSC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta F Zecher
- Ist Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuko Yuki
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research and Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen P Martin
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research and Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Dawid Glow
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schröder-Schwarz
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sébastien Brias
- Ist Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Malte H Wehmeyer
- Ist Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Poch
- Ist Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcial Sebode
- Ist Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Angelique Hoelzemer
- Ist Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl J Oldhafer
- Department of General & Abdominal Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research and Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Madeleine J Bunders
- Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Ist Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases and Hamburg Centre for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Wehmeyer MH, Sekhri H, Wroblewski R, Galante A, Meyer T, Lohse AW, Schulze zur Wiesch J. Frequent detection of functional hyposplenism via assessment of pitted erythrocytes in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271541. [PMID: 35849612 PMCID: PMC9292104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asplenia or functional hyposplenism are risk factors for severe infections, and vaccinations against encapsulated bacteria are advised. There are only limited data regarding the spleen function of cirrhotic patients. Methods We evaluated spleen function in patients with liver cirrhosis, who were prospectively enrolled in this study. Spleen function was evaluated by the measurement of pitted erythrocytes. Functional hyposplenism was defined as a percentage of PE of >15%. Results 117 patients, mean age 58.4 years and 61.5% (n = 72) male with liver cirrhosis were included. Functional hyposplenism was diagnosed in 28/117 patients (23.9%). Pitted erythrocytes correlated with albumin (p = 0.024), bilirubin (p<0.001), international normalized ratio (INR; p = 0.004), model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score (p<0.001) and liver stiffness (p = 0.011). Patients with functional hyposplenism had higher MELD scores (median 13 vs. 10; p = 0.021), liver stiffness (46.4 kPa vs. 26.3 kPa; p = 0.011), INR (1.3 vs. 1.2; p = 0.008) and a higher Child-Pugh stage (Child C in 32.1% vs. 11.2%; p = 0.019) as compared to patients without functional hyposplenism. Functional hyposplenism was not associated with the etiology of cirrhosis. Importantly, 9/19 patients with Child C cirrhosis had functional hyposplenism. Conclusion A quarter of patients with liver cirrhosis and almost 50% of patients with Child C cirrhosis have functional hyposplenism. Functional hyposplenism is associated with poor liver function and the degree of portal hypertension, which is characterized by higher liver stiffness measurements in transient elastography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte H. Wehmeyer
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Harsha Sekhri
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Galante
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ansgar W. Lohse
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Wehmeyer MH, Horvatits T, Buchholz A, Krause L, Walter S, Zapf A, Lohse AW, Kluwe J. Stop of proton-pump inhibitor treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis (STOPPIT): study protocol for a prospective, multicentre, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. Trials 2022; 23:302. [PMID: 35414106 PMCID: PMC9003168 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) are liberally prescribed in patients with liver cirrhosis. Observational studies link PPI therapy in cirrhotic patients with an increased risk for infectious complications, hepatic encephalopathy and an increased risk for hospitalization and mortality. However, patients with liver cirrhosis are also considered to be at risk for peptic ulcer bleeding. The STOPPIT trial evaluates if discontinuation of a pre-existing PPI treatment delays a composite endpoint of re-hospitalization and/or death in patients (recently) hospitalized with liver cirrhosis compared to patients on continued PPI medication. Methods The STOPPIT-trial is a prospective, multicentre, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. In total, 476 patients with complicated liver cirrhosis who already receive long-term PPI therapy without evidence-based indication are 1:1 randomized to receive either esomeprazole 20 mg (control group) or placebo (intervention group) for 360 days. Patients with an indication for PPI therapy (such as a recent diagnosis of peptic ulcers, severe reflux esophagitis, severe hemorrhagic gastritis, recent endoscopic therapy for oesophageal varices) are excluded. The primary composite endpoint is the time-to re-hospitalization and/or death. Secondary endpoints include rates of re-hospitalization, mortality, occurrence of infections, hepatic decompensation and acute-on-chronic liver failure. The safety endpoint is defined as manifestation of an evidence-based indication for PPI re-therapy. The impact of PPI continuation or discontinuation on the intestinal microbiota will be studied. The recruitment will take place at 18 study sites throughout Germany. Recruitment has started in April 2021. Discussion The STOPPIT trial is the first clinical trial to study the effects of PPI withdrawal on relevant outcome variables in patients with complicated liver cirrhosis. If the hypothesis that PPI withdrawal improves clinical outcomes of cirrhosis patients is confirmed, this would argue for a strong restriction of the currently liberal prescription practice of PPIs in this population. If, on the other hand, the trial demonstrates an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding events in patients after PPI withdrawal, this could create a rationale for a more liberal, prophylactic PPI treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis. Trial registration EU clinical trials register EudraCT 2019-005008-16 (registered December 27, 2019). ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04448028 (registered June 25, 2020). German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00021290 (registered March 10, 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte H Wehmeyer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Horvatits
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anika Buchholz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Krause
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Walter
- Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Zapf
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Wehmeyer MH, Schulze Zur Wiesch J. Editorial: only steps away from prime time? Hepatitis B virus RNA as routine marker to guide HBV treatment decisions. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:970-971. [PMID: 34506655 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte H Wehmeyer
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Piecha F, Gänßler JM, Ozga AK, Wehmeyer MH, Kluwe J, Lampalzer S, Creutzfeldt AM, Buescher G, Horvatits T, Sterneck M, Pischke S, Lohse AW, Schulze Zur Wiesch J. Evolution of liver stiffness and post-treatment surveillance by liver elastography for HCV patients in the DAA era. Scand J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:840-848. [PMID: 34010581 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1915374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Baseline liver stiffness (LS) is prognostically relevant in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection but may change after successful HCV eradication. Data on post-treatment LS for a further risk stratification remain scarce. Here, we study the kinetics of LS and laboratory parameters in patients undergoing HCV treatment and analyze the association of post-treatment LS with outcome parameters. METHODS In a cohort of 1011 chronic HCV patients undergoing DAA treatment, we identified 404 patients with sequential LS and laboratory assessments with or without viral eradication. Additionally, outcome parameters were correlated with post-treatment LS after successful HCV therapy. RESULTS LS significantly decreased from a median of 8.8 to 6.1 kPa in 346 patients after HCV eradication, but significantly increased from a median of 10.5 to 11.9 kPa in 58 patients without viral clearance. In 78 patients with two sequential post-treatment measurements, LS decreased from 12.6 to 8.7 kPa after a median 344 d, with a further decrease to 7.0 kPa after a median of 986 d after end of treatment (EoT). In 400 patients with a post-treatment LS assessment after viral eradication, only 9 liver-related events occurred over a median follow-up (FU) of 23 months. All events were observed in patients with a post-treatment LS >20 kPa. CONCLUSIONS After successful HCV eradication, LS improves sequentially, suggesting an initial phase of necroinflammation regression followed by a second phase of true fibrosis regression. Overall, liver-related events were rarely observed and seem to be limited to patients with a post-treatment LS >20 kPa, so that these patients require a closer clinical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Piecha
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Gänßler
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Ozga
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte H Wehmeyer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Lampalzer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Creutzfeldt
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gustav Buescher
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Horvatits
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Sterneck
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Pischke
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Ingiliz P, Wehmeyer MH, Boesecke C, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Schewe K, Lutz T, Baumgarten A, Simon KG, Hueppe D, Rockstroh JK, Mauss S, Christensen S. Reinfection With the Hepatitis C Virus in Men Who Have Sex With Men After Successful Treatment With Direct-acting Antivirals in Germany: Current Incidence Rates, Compared With Rates During the Interferon Era. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:1248-1254. [PMID: 31562816 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro-elimination of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) includes treatment in populations at risk of ongoing HCV transmission, such as men who have sex with men (MSM) or people who inject drugs (PWID). We analyzed the HCV reinfection incidence rates of participants in the German hepatitis C cohort (GECCO) and compared our data to previous findings from the interferon era. METHODS Patients with HCV reinfections in the multi-centric GECCO cohort were compared to patients in whom no reinfection occurred. The HCV reinfection incidence rate in MSM was also compared to the incidence rate in the interferon era (using data from the European Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Treatment Network [NEAT]). RESULTS Between January 2014 and April 2018, 48 HCV reinfections occurred in 2298 individuals (2%), with 2346 cured HCV episodes. The median time to reinfection was 500 days (range 16-1160) and the overall HCV reinfection incidence rate was 1.89 per 100 person-years (py; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-2.48). In a multivariate analysis, the transmission risk in MSM was the only independent risk factor of HCV reinfection (odds ratio, 39.3; 95% CI, 4.57-334.40; P = .001). The incidence rate in MSM was 9.02 (95% CI, 6.48-12.26) per 100 py, compared to 1.14 per 100 py in PWID (95% CI, .56-2.09). The incidence rate for a first HCV reinfection in MSM was similar in the direct-acting antiviral era, compared to the interferon era, with a hazard ratio of 1.05 (95% CI, .64-1.74; P = .831). CONCLUSIONS HCV reinfection remains a frequent finding among MSM in Germany. In addition to behavioral interventions, early HCV treatment and retreatment should be implemented for this subgroup to prevent HCV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ingiliz
- Center for Infectiology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte H Wehmeyer
- Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Boesecke
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Infectious Diseases, European Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Treatment Network, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Knud Schewe
- Infectiology Center Hamburg Study Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Juergen K Rockstroh
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Infectious Diseases, European Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Treatment Network, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Mauss
- Center for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatogastroenterology, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Christensen
- Infectious Diseases, Center for Interdisciplinary Medicine, Muenster, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Muenster University Hospital, Muenster, Germany
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Drolz A, Schramm C, Seiz O, Groth S, Vettorazzi E, Horvatits T, Wehmeyer MH, Schramm C, Goeser T, Roesch T, Lohse AW, Kluwe J. Risk factors associated with bleeding after prophylactic endoscopic variceal ligation in cirrhosis. Endoscopy 2021; 53:226-234. [PMID: 32894867 DOI: 10.1055/a-1214-5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prophylactic endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL) is frequently performed in patients with liver cirrhosis. The aim of our study was to identify factors associated with early upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in cirrhosis patients after prophylactic EVL. METHODS 787 nonemergency EVLs performed in 444 patients in two German University medical centers were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Within 30 days after EVL, 38 UGIBs were observed (4.8 % of all procedures). Bilirubin levels (hazard ratio [HR] 1.5, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.2-2.0 for a 2-fold increase) and presence of varices grade III/IV according to Paquet (HR 2.6, 95 %CI 1.3-5.0 compared with absence or smaller sized varices) were independently associated with UGIB following EVL. International normalized ratio (INR) was associated with bleeding events in the univariate analysis but did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for bilirubin and presence of varices grade III/IV (HR 1.2, 95 %CI 0.9-1.6 for an increase by 0.25). There was no statistically significant association between platelet count or fibrinogen levels and UGIB. Substitution of coagulation products did not affect incidence of bleeding after EVL, which also applied to patients with "coagulopathy" (INR > 1.5 and/or platelet count < 50 × 109/L). No association between proton pump inhibitor therapy and post-EVL UGIB was observed. CONCLUSIONS EVL is a safe procedure and immediate bleeding complications are rare. Serum bilirubin levels and size of varices, rather than coagulation indices, are associated with UGIB after EVL. Our data do not support the preventive substitution of blood or coagulation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Drolz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Seiz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Groth
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eik Vettorazzi
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Horvatits
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte H Wehmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Goeser
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Roesch
- Department of Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Drolz A, Wolter S, Wehmeyer MH, Piecha F, Horvatits T, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Lohse AW, Mann O, Kluwe J. Performance of non-invasive fibrosis scores in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with and without morbid obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2197-2204. [PMID: 34168277 PMCID: PMC8455320 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive scores, such as the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Fibrosis Score (NFS), are increasingly used for liver fibrosis assessment in patients with NAFLD. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability and reliability of non-invasive fibrosis scores in NAFLD patients with and without morbid obesity. METHODS Three hundred sixty-eight patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD identified between January 2012 and December 2015 were studied; 225 with morbid obesity (biopsy obtained during bariatric surgery) and 143 patients without (termed as "conventional"). RESULTS Median age was 47 years, 57% were female. Median body mass index (BMI) was 42.9 kg/m2 with significant differences between our conventional and morbidly obese patients (BMI 29.0 vs. 50.8 kg/m2, p < 0.001). Overall, 42% displayed mild/moderate and 16% advanced liver fibrosis (stage III/IV). All tested scores were significantly linked to fibrosis stage (p < 0.001 for all). FIB-4 (AUROC 0.904), APRI (AUROC 0.848), and NFS (AUROC 0.750) were identified as potent predictors of advanced fibrosis, although NFS overestimated fibrosis stage in morbid obesity. Limiting BMI to a maximum of 40 kg/m2 improved NFS' overall performance (AUROC 0.838). FIB-4 > 1.0 indicated high probability of advanced fibrosis (OR = 29.1). FIB-4 predicted advanced fibrosis independently from age, sex, BMI, and presence of morbid obesity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that FIB-4 score is an accurate predictor of advanced fibrosis in NAFLD throughout all BMI stages. Without adjustment, NFS tends to overestimate fibrosis in morbidly obese NAFLD patients. This problem may be solved by implementation of an upper BMI limit (for NFS) or adjustment of diagnostic thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Drolz
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolter
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte H. Wehmeyer
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Piecha
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Horvatits
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W. Lohse
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Mann
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Piecha F, Gänßler JM, Ozga AK, Wehmeyer MH, Dietz J, Kluwe J, Laschtowitz A, von Felden J, Sterneck M, Jordan S, Pischke S, Lohse AW, Schulze zur Wiesch J. Treatment and re-treatment results of HCV patients in the DAA era. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232773. [PMID: 32369527 PMCID: PMC7200014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Re-treatment in patients with a chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and a previous failure to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment remains a challenge. Therefore, we investigated the success rate of treatment and re-treatment regimens used at our center from October 2011 to March 2018. Methods A retrospective analysis of DAA-based HCV therapies of 1096 patients was conducted. Factors associated with a virological relapse were identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regression, treatment success of the re-treatment regimens was evaluated by an analysis of sustained virological response (SVR) rates in patients with a documented follow-up 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Results Of 1096 patients treated with DAA-based regimens, 91 patients (8%) were lost to follow-up, 892 of the remaining 1005 patients (89%) achieved an SVR12. Most patients (65/113, 58%) who experienced a virological relapse received an interferon-based DAA regimen. SVR rates were comparable in special cohorts like liver transplant recipients (53/61, 87%) and people with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection (41/45, 91%). On multivariable analysis, interferon-based DAA therapy was associated with treatment failure (odds ratio 0.111, 95%-confidence interval 0.054–0.218) among others. One hundred seventeen patients with multiple DAA treatment courses were identified, of which 97 patients (83%) experienced a single relapse, but further relapses after two (18/117, 15%) or even three (2/117, 2%) treatment courses were also observed. Eighty-two of 96 (85%) re-treatment attempts with all-oral DAA regimens were successful after an initial treatment failure. Conclusion Overall, DAA re-treatments were highly effective in this real-world cohort and only a minority of patients failed more than two treatment courses. Switching to–or addition of–a new drug class seem to be valid options for the re-treatment of patients especially after failure of an interferon-based regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Piecha
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan-Michael Gänßler
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Ozga
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte H. Wehmeyer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Dietz
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alena Laschtowitz
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johann von Felden
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Sterneck
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Jordan
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Pischke
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W. Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Leahy J, O'Leary A, Afdhal N, Gray E, Milligan S, Wehmeyer MH, Walsh C. The impact of individual patient data in a network meta-analysis: An investigation into parameter estimation and model selection. Res Synth Methods 2018; 9:441-469. [PMID: 29923679 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of individual patient data (IPD) in network meta-analysis (NMA) is becoming increasingly popular. However, as most studies do not report IPD, most NMAs are performed using aggregate data for at least some, if not all, of the studies. We investigate the benefits of including varying proportions of IPD studies in an NMA. Several models have previously been developed for including both aggregate data and IPD in the same NMA. We performed a simulation study based on these models to examine the impact of additional IPD studies on the accuracy and precision of the estimates of both the treatment effect and the covariate effect. We also compared the deviance information criterion (DIC) between models to assess model fit. An increased proportion of IPD resulted in more accurate and precise estimates for most models and datasets. However, the coverage probability sometimes decreased when the model was misspecified. The use of IPD leads to greater differences in DIC, which allows us choose the correct model more often. We analysed a Hepatitis C network consisting of 3 IPD observational studies. The ranking of treatments remained the same for all models and datasets. We observed similar results to the simulation study: The use of IPD leads to differences in DIC and more precise estimates for the covariate effect. However, IPD sometimes increased the posterior SD of the treatment effect estimate, which may indicate between study heterogeneity. We recommend that IPD should be used where possible, especially for assessing model fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Leahy
- School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling O'Leary
- National Centre of Pharmacoeconomics, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Nezam Afdhal
- Department Of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma Gray
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Malte H Wehmeyer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cathal Walsh
- National Centre of Pharmacoeconomics, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Health Research Institute and MACSI, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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11
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Wehmeyer MH, Hartl J, von Wulffen M, Lohse AW, Pischke S. Time trend of reported cases and publications: hepatitis E in comparison to hepatitis A - D in Germany from 2001 to 2016. Z Gastroenterol 2018; 56:29-35. [PMID: 29316575 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-123830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in Western countries has increased since the millennium, probably due to a higher awareness for HEV. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological situation and regional distribution of HEV in comparison to hepatitis A - D in Germany. METHODS Data of the reported cases, patients' travel histories, and the regional distribution of hepatitis A - E virus infections from 2001 to 2017 were extracted from databases of the Robert Koch Institute. The number of publications per year on each hepatitis virus was used as a surrogate parameter for scientific awareness. RESULTS The incidence of HEV infections increased from 31 reported cases in 2001 to 1991 cases in 2016 with a rate of autochthonous HEV infections of 44.4 % in 2001 and 83.9 % in 2016. In 2016, the HEV incidence was 4.4/100 000 in Eastern Germany and 2.0/100 000 in Western Germany. From 2001 to 2016, the numbers of hepatitis A and C virus infections decreased, while the number of hepatitis B virus infections initially decreased followed by an increase since 2014. The incidence of hepatitis D virus infections remained low. The incidence rates of hepatitis A - D virus infections were comparable between Eastern and Western Germany in 2016. There was a strong correlation between publications on HEV and reported HEV cases (Pearson r = 0.9803, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Especially in Eastern Germany, but also in Western Germany, the rate of reported HEV cases and the scientific awareness for this disease increased strongly since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte H Wehmeyer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Johannes Hartl
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | | | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Hamburg site
| | - Sven Pischke
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Hamburg site
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12
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Wehmeyer MH, Ingiliz P, Christensen S, Hueppe D, Lutz T, Simon KG, Schewe K, Boesecke C, Baumgarten A, Busch H, Rockstroh J, Schmutz G, Kimhofer T, Berger F, Mauss S, Schulze Zur Wiesch J. Real-world effectiveness of sofosbuvir-based treatment regimens for chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 infection: Results from the multicenter German hepatitis C cohort (GECCO-03). J Med Virol 2017; 90:304-312. [PMID: 28710853 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are limited data regarding the real world effectiveness of direct acting antivirals (DAA) for the therapy of chronic genotype 3 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. All HCV genotype 3 infected patients from the German hepatitis C cohort (GECCO), which is a prospective database of nine German hepatitis C treatment centers, were included in the study. Three hundred forty-two chronically infected HCV genotype 3 patients were analyzed (253 males [74.0%], mean age 47.3 years, 127 cirrhotic patients [37.1%] mostly with Child A cirrhosis, 113 treatment experienced patients [37.1%], 38 HCV/HIV co-infected patients [11.1%]). SVR12 rates in the "intention-to-treat" analysis were as follows: sofosbuvir/ribavirin 69.4% (75/108), sofosbuvir/peginterferon/ribavirin 80.6% (58/72), sofosbuvir/daclatasvir ± ribavirin for 12 weeks 88.3% (53/63), sofosbuvir/daclatasvir ± ribavirin for 24 weeks 79.3% (23/29), sofosbuvir/ledipasvir ± ribavirin for 12 weeks 71.4% (10/14), and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir ± ribavirin for 24 weeks 86.7% (26/30). Forty patients were lost to follow-up, 23 patients had a relapse, 4 patients stopped treatment prematurely and 1 patient died. Female sex (P = 0.038) and treatment with two different DAAs (P = 0.05) were predictors for SVR12 in the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, sofosbuvir/daclatasvir ± ribavirin for 12 weeks and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir ± ribavirin for 24 weeks are effective for the treatment of HCV genotype 3 infected patients including cirrhotic, treatment-experienced or HIV/HCV co-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte H Wehmeyer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Knud Schewe
- Infektionsmedizinisches Centrum Hamburg (ICH), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Torben Kimhofer
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, FoM, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Berger
- Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Mauss
- Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German, Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Site, Germany
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13
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Wehmeyer MH, Dammermann W, Seiz O, Zinser ME, Galante A, Lohse AW, Sterneck M, Nashan B, Herden U, Lüth S. Chronic pancreatitis in patients with liver cirrhosis negatively affects graft survival after liver transplantation. Pancreatology 2017; 17:898-904. [PMID: 28939443 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data exists concerning the coincidence of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and liver cirrhosis with respect to the patient outcome after liver transplantation (LT). The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for graft loss after liver transplantation and to evaluate the impact of CP on graft survival. METHODS We analyzed the data of 421 cirrhotic patients who underwent evaluation for primary liver transplantation from January 2007 to January 2014. Diagnosis of CP based on morphologic findings which were graded according to the Cambridge and Manchester classification. (Graft) survival after LT was analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Recipient- and donor-related risk factors for graft loss were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS 40/421 cirrhotic patients suffered from CP (9.5%). 250/421 (59.4%) patients underwent LT between January 2007 and January 2014. In total, 89 patients died or were in need of a re-transplantation during follow-up until August 2017. Patients with CP (N = 26) were at increased risk for graft loss after LT (hazard ratio = 2.183; 95% confidence interval = 1.232-3.868). CP (P = 0.001), a MELD score ≥24 (P = 0.021), absence of esophageal or gastrical varices (P = 0.018), the age of the donor (P = 0.008) and infections after transplantation (P = 0.030) were independent risk factors for organ loss after transplantation in the multivariate Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSION Patients with chronic pancreatitis are at increased risk for graft loss after LT. A high MELD score, the absence of esophageal or gastrical varices, an advanced donor age and post-transplant infections negatively affect graft survival, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte H Wehmeyer
- 1. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Werner Dammermann
- 1. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Center of Internal Medicine II, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany.
| | - Oliver Seiz
- 1. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Madeleine E Zinser
- 1. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Antonio Galante
- 1. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- 1. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Martina Sterneck
- 1. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Björn Nashan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Uta Herden
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Lüth
- 1. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; Center of Internal Medicine II, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany
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14
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Pischke S, Lege MC, von Wulffen M, Galante A, Otto B, Wehmeyer MH, Herden U, Fischer L, Nashan B, Lohse AW, Sterneck M. Factors associated with long-term survival after liver transplantation: A retrospective cohort study. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:427-435. [PMID: 28357030 PMCID: PMC5355765 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i8.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify predictive factors associated with long-term patient and graft survival (> 15 years) in liver transplant recipients.
METHODS Medical charts of all de novo adult liver transplant recipients (n = 140) who were transplanted in Hamburg between 1997 and 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. In total, 155 transplantations were identified in this time period (15 re-transplantations). Twenty-six orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients were early lost to follow-up due to moving to other places within 1 year after transplantation. All remaining 114 patients were included in the analysis. The following recipient factors were analysed: Age, sex, underlying liver disease, pre-OLT body mass index (BMI), and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, creatinine and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), as well as warm and cold ischemia times. Furthermore, the following donor factors were assessed: Age, BMI, cold ischemia time and warm ischemia time. All surviving patients were followed until December 2014. We divided patients into groups according to their underlying diagnosis: (1) hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 5, 4%); (2) alcohol toxic liver disease (n = 25, 22.0%); (3) primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 6, 5%); (4) autoimmune liver diseases (n = 7, 6%); (5) hepatitis C virus cirrhosis (n = 15, 13%); (6) hepatitis B virus cirrhosis (n = 21, 19%); and (7) other (n = 35, 31%). The group “other” included rare diagnoses, such as acute liver failure, unknown liver failure, stenosis and thrombosis of the arteria hepatica, polycystic liver disease, Morbus Osler and Caroli disease.
RESULTS The majority of patients were male (n = 70, 61%). Age and BMI at the time point of transplantation ranged from 16 years to 69 years (median: 53 years) and from 15 kg/m2 to 33 kg/m2 (median: 24), respectively. Sixty-six OLT recipients (58%) experienced a follow-up of 15 years after transplantation. Recipient’s age (P = 0.009) and BMI (P = 0.029) were identified as risk factors for death by χ2-test. Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed BMI or age above the median as predictors of decreased long-term survival (P = 0.008 and P = 0.020). Hepatitis B as underlying disease showed a trend for improved long-term survival (P = 0.049, χ2-test, P = 0.055; Kaplan-Meier analysis, Log rank). Pre-transplant bilirubin, creatinine, ALT and gamma-GT levels were not associated with survival in these patients of the pre-era of the model of end stage liver disease.
CONCLUSION The recipients’ age and BMI were predictors of long-term survival after OLT, as well as hepatitis B as underlying disease. In contrast, donors’ age and BMI were not associated with decreased survival. These findings indicate that recipient factors especially have a high impact on long-term outcome after liver transplantation.
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15
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Abstract
The relevance of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections has been underestimated for a long time. In the past, HEV infection had been interpreted falsely as a disease limited to the tropics until the relevance of autochthonous HEV infections in the Western world became overt. Due to increased awareness, the incidence of diagnosed autochthonous HEV infections (predominantly genotype 3) in industrialized countries has risen within the last decade. The main source of infections in industrialized countries seems to be infected swine meat, while infections with the tropical HEV genotypes 1 and 2 usually are mainly transmitted fecal-orally by contaminated drinking water. In the vast majority of healthy individuals, acute HEV infection is either clinically silent or takes a benign self-limited course. In patients who develop a symptomatic HEV infection, a short prodromal phase with unspecific symptoms is followed by liver specific symptoms like jaundice, itching, uncoloured stool and darkened urine. Importantly, tropical HEV infections may lead to acute liver failure, especially in pregnant women, while autochthonous HEV infections may lead to acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with underlying liver diseases. Immunosuppressed individuals, such as transplant recipients or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, are at risk for developing chronic hepatitis E, which may lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in the long term. Importantly, specific treatment options for hepatitis E are not approved by the regulation authorities, but off-label ribavirin treatment seems to be effective in the treatment of chronic HEV-infection and may reduce the disease severity in patients suffering from acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hartl
- First Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Malte H Wehmeyer
- First Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sven Pischke
- First Medical Department, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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16
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Mauss S, Berger F, Wehmeyer MH, Ingiliz P, Hueppe D, Lutz T, Simon KG, Schewe K, Rockstroh JK, Baumgarten A, Christensen S. Effect of antiviral therapy for HCV on lipid levels. Antivir Ther 2016; 21:81-88. [PMID: 27685337 DOI: 10.3851/imp3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HCV has complex interactions with human lipid metabolism leading to down regulation of cholesterol levels. Interferon (IFN) therapy has been shown to decrease cholesterol even further. With the availability of second-generation direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) the effect of suppressing and eliminating HCV on lipid metabolism warrants reevaluation. METHODS Prospective German multicentre cohort on HCV- and HIV-HCV-infected patients treated with direct-antiviral agents (GECCO). Lipids were assessed at baseline, during and after therapy. Wilcoxon test corrected for multiple testing was used. RESULTS For the analysis, 520 patients with chronic hepatitis C were available. Patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated as follows: sofosbuvir (SOF)/pegylated IFN (PEG-IFN)/ribavirin (RBV; HCV=34, HIV-HCV=36), SOF/RBV (HCV=47, HIV-HCV=16), SOF/simeprevir (HCV=9, HCV-HIV=2), SOF/daclatasvir +/- RBV (HCV=27, HIV-HCV=47), SOF/ledipasvir +/- RBV (HCV=147, HCV-HIV=100) and ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir +/- dasabuvir +/- RBV (2D, HCV=2, HCV-HIV=6; 3D, HCV=39, HCV-HIV=8). On treatment there was a statistically significant increase in total cholesterol for any IFN-free DAA regimen, which was maintained after end of therapy. Changes of total cholesterol were driven by changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol remained unchanged. In contrast, total cholesterol decreased on SOF/PEG-IFN/RBV and increased after end of therapy above baseline levels. Triglycerides increased during treatment with SOF/PEG-IFN/RBV, but not on DAA-only regimens. CONCLUSIONS Suppressing and eliminating HCV with IFN-free DAA regimens increased cholesterol levels, but had no effect on triglycerides. In contrast IFN-based therapy decreased cholesterol and increased triglycerides during treatment and led to increases in cholesterol after achieving sustained virological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mauss
- Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Berger
- Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte H Wehmeyer
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Karl G Simon
- Practice for Gastroenterology, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Knud Schewe
- Infektionsmedizinisches Centrum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Ingiliz P, Christensen S, Kimhofer T, Hueppe D, Lutz T, Schewe K, Busch H, Schmutz G, Wehmeyer MH, Boesecke C, Simon KG, Berger F, Rockstroh JK, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Baumgarten A, Mauss S. Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir for 8 Weeks for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection in HCV-Monoinfected and HIV-HCV-Coinfected Individuals: Results From the German Hepatitis C Cohort (GECCO-01). Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:1320-1324. [PMID: 27535952 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shortening the duration of treatment with HCV direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) leads to substantial cost reductions. According to the label, sofosbuvir and ledipasvir can be prescribed for 8 weeks (SL8) in noncirrhotic women or men with HCV genotype 1 and low viral loads. However, real-world data about the efficacy and safety of SL8 are largely missing. METHODS Interim results from an ongoing prospective, multicenter cohort of 9 treatment centers in Germany (GECCO). All patients started on treatment with HCV DAAs since January 2014 were included. This report describes safety and efficacy outcomes in 210 patients with HCV monoinfection and 35 with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HCV coinfection given SL8 in a real-world setting. RESULTS Of 1353 patients included into the GECCO cohort until December 2015, a total of 1287 had complete data sets for this analysis; 337 (26.2%) fulfilled the criteria for SL8 according to the package insert, but only 193 (57.2%) were eventually treated for 8 weeks. Another 52 patients did not fulfill the criteria but were treated for 8 weeks. SL8 was generally well tolerated. The overall sustained virologic response rate 12 weeks after the end of treatment was 93.5% (186 of 199). The on-treatment response rate was 99.4% (159 of 160) in HCV-monoinfected and 96.4% (27 of 28) in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients. Ten patients were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS SL8 seems highly effective and safe in well-selected HCV-monoinfected and HIV-HCV-coinfected patients in a real-world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Torben Kimhofer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Malte H Wehmeyer
- Ambulanzzentrum Virushepatologie, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and DZIF Partner Site, Hamburg
| | - Christoph Boesecke
- Medical Department I, University Hospital, Bonn.,Klinische Arbeitsgemeinschaft AIDS, Bonn
| | | | | | | | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- Ambulanzzentrum Virushepatologie, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and DZIF Partner Site, Hamburg
| | | | - Stefan Mauss
- Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology, Duesseldorf
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18
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Beisel C, Blessin U, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Wehmeyer MH, Lohse AW, Benten D, Kluwe J. Infections complicating severe alcoholic hepatitis: Enterococcus species represent the most frequently identified pathogen. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:807-13. [PMID: 27000534 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2016.1157887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acute alcoholic steatohepatitis are at a high risk for infections. To date, neither disease-specific pathogen patterns, nor typical sites of infection, nor antibiotic treatment strategies have been established for AH. AIMS To characterize incidence of infections, pathogen spectrum, sites of infection, and related mortality of patients with AH under steroid therapy. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 73 patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (MELD ≥ 20). RESULTS Infections were detected in 45 patients (73%). Patients who developed an infection after initiation of corticosteroid therapy had a higher 6-month mortality than patients without onset of infection after initiation of corticosteroid treatment (44% versus 24%, p = 0.116). The pathogen identified most frequently was Enterococcus species. DISCUSSION Infections frequently complicate severe alcoholic hepatitis and affect survival. The high rate of Enterococcus infections suggests that commonly used antibiotics, such as cephalosporins and quinolones, may represent an ineffective choice of empiric antibiotic treatment for complicated AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Beisel
- a Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases , Hamburg University Medical Center , Hamburg , Germany ;,b DZIF Partner Site (German Center for Infection Research) , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Usha Blessin
- a Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases , Hamburg University Medical Center , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- a Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases , Hamburg University Medical Center , Hamburg , Germany ;,b DZIF Partner Site (German Center for Infection Research) , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Malte H Wehmeyer
- a Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases , Hamburg University Medical Center , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- a Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases , Hamburg University Medical Center , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Daniel Benten
- a Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases , Hamburg University Medical Center , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- a Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases , Hamburg University Medical Center , Hamburg , Germany
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Wehmeyer MH, Zyriax BC, Jagemann B, Roth E, Windler E, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Lohse AW, Kluwe J. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with excessive calorie intake rather than a distinctive dietary pattern. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3887. [PMID: 27281105 PMCID: PMC4907683 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the dietary patterns associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the efficacy of dietary interventions in a real-life setting at a tertiary medical center in Northern Germany.Clinical and laboratory data as well as data obtained by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire of 55 consecutive patients diagnosed with NAFLD were compared to an age and gender-matched cohort of 88 healthy individuals by univariate analysis. The efficacy of the dietary intervention was assessed in a subgroup of 24 NAFLD patients 6 months after receiving dietary advice. Macronutritional components of the diet were normalized for absolute daily energy intake.NAFLD patients consumed more calories per day as compared with healthy controls (P <0.001). The absolute amounts of most nutritional components ingested by NAFLD patients were higher than those of the controls. However, there were no significant differences with regards to the relative consumption of carbohydrates (P = 0.359), fat (P = 0.416), and fructose (P = 0.353) per 1000 kcal energy intake. NAFLD patients displayed a higher intake of glucose/1000 kcal (P = 0.041) and protein/1000 kcal (P = 0.009) but a lower intake of fibers/1000 kcal (P < 0.001) and mineral nutrients/1000 kcal (P = 0.001) than healthy controls. In the longitudinal analysis patients significantly reduced their caloric intake and their ALT levels improved 6 months after the dietary counselling (P < 0.001).Our data from a German real-life cohort demonstrate that dietary patterns of patients with NAFLD display great variability and little disease specificity, while the most distinctive feature compared with healthy controls was higher energy intake in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte H. Wehmeyer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- Preventive Medicine, Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Jagemann
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ewgenia Roth
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eberhard Windler
- Preventive Medicine, Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ansgar W. Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- ∗Correspondence to Johannes Kluwe, I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (e-mail: )
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Wehmeyer MH, Eißing F, Jordan S, Röder C, Hennigs A, Degen O, Hüfner A, Hertling S, Schmiedel S, Sterneck M, van Lunzen J, Lohse AW, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Lüth S. Safety and efficacy of protease inhibitor based combination therapy in a single-center "real-life" cohort of 110 patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:87. [PMID: 24884400 PMCID: PMC4102246 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The combination of boceprevir or telaprevir with peginterferon-alfa and ribavirin for the treatment of patients infected with HCV genotype 1 has led to significantly increased rates of sustained virological response (SVR) in phase III trials. There is only limited data regarding the safety and efficacy in a “real-life” cohort. Methods We analyzed a cohort of 110 unselected HCV patients who started triple therapy from September 2011 to February 2013 by chart review with focus on the individual course of treatment, complications and outcome. We excluded 8 patients from analysis because of HIV-coinfection (N = 6) or status post liver transplant (N = 2). Importantly, 41 patients displayed F3 or F4 fibrosis, 10 patients had a history of treatment with protease/polymerase inhibitors and 15 patients were prior partial- or null-responder. Results SVR12 was achieved in 62 of the 102 patients (60.8%). A high rate of serious adverse events (N = 30) was observed in 22 patients including 2 fatalities in cirrhotic diabetes patients. Age >50 years, liver cirrhosis, bilirubin >1.1 mg/dl (P < 0.01, each), platelets <100,000/μl (P = 0.01), ASAT >100 U/l (P = 0.03) and albumin ≤35 g/l (P = 0.04) at baseline were associated with occurence of a SAE. Conclusions The frequency of SVR in a “real-life” treatment setting is slightly lower as compared to the results of the phase III trials for telaprevir or boceprevir. Importantly, we observed a high frequency of SAE in triple therapy, especially in patients with liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- I, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr, 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a life-threatening complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. The aim of this prospective study was to identify predictors of SBP in order to develop a noninvasive method to identify or exclude an episode of SBP. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred and ninety-two consecutive patients, who underwent paracentesis from March 2008 through January 2012 in our department due to cirrhotic ascites, were screened. Ninety-six patients were excluded, mostly due to prior application of antibiotics. SBP was defined by an absolute neutrophil count≥250 cells/µL ascites. We evaluated various clinical and laboratory parameters as potential predictors of SBP. A scoring system was developed in a training set of 220 and validated in a second set of 76 patients. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients (26%) in the training set and 17 patients in the validation set (22%) suffered from SBP. Thrombocytopenia≤100,000 cells/µL, age>60 years and CRP>60 mg/L were identified as independent predictors of SBP. A scoring system combining these three parameters (weighting thrombocytopenia and age with 1 point each, but CRP with 2 points) reaches a positive predictive value for the diagnosis of SBP of 81.8% with a specificity of 98.8% (score≥3). The negative predictive value at a threshold of 1 point is 93.5% with a sensitivity of 87.9%. Notably, a high MELD score is not associated with SBP (p=0.3344). CONCLUSIONS Combination of age, CRP and platelet count in a simple scoring system helps in the rapid diagnosis or exclusion of SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte H Wehmeyer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte H Wehmeyer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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