2
|
Brägelmann J, Lorenz C, Borchmann S, Nishii K, Wegner J, Meder L, Ostendorp J, Ast DF, Heimsoeth A, Nakasuka T, Hirabae A, Okawa S, Dammert MA, Plenker D, Klein S, Lohneis P, Gu J, Godfrey LK, Forster J, Trajkovic-Arsic M, Zillinger T, Haarmann M, Quaas A, Lennartz S, Schmiel M, D'Rozario J, Thomas ES, Li H, Schmitt CA, George J, Thomas RK, von Karstedt S, Hartmann G, Büttner R, Ullrich RT, Siveke JT, Ohashi K, Schlee M, Sos ML. MAPK-pathway inhibition mediates inflammatory reprogramming and sensitizes tumors to targeted activation of innate immunity sensor RIG-I. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5505. [PMID: 34535668 PMCID: PMC8448826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors suppress the growth of oncogene driven cancer but also enforce the selection of treatment resistant cells that are thought to promote tumor relapse in patients. Here, we report transcriptomic and functional genomics analyses of cells and tumors within their microenvironment across different genotypes that persist during kinase inhibitor treatment. We uncover a conserved, MAPK/IRF1-mediated inflammatory response in tumors that undergo stemness- and senescence-associated reprogramming. In these tumor cells, activation of the innate immunity sensor RIG-I via its agonist IVT4, triggers an interferon and a pro-apoptotic response that synergize with concomitant kinase inhibition. In humanized lung cancer xenografts and a syngeneic Egfr-driven lung cancer model these effects translate into reduction of exhausted CD8+ T cells and robust tumor shrinkage. Overall, the mechanistic understanding of MAPK/IRF1-mediated intratumoral reprogramming may ultimately prolong the efficacy of targeted drugs in genetically defined cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Brägelmann
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Carina Lorenz
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Borchmann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Else-Kröner-Forschungskolleg Clonal Evolution in Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kazuya Nishii
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Julia Wegner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lydia Meder
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jenny Ostendorp
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - David F Ast
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alena Heimsoeth
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Takamasa Nakasuka
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hirabae
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sachi Okawa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Marcel A Dammert
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dennis Plenker
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Sebastian Klein
- Else-Kröner-Forschungskolleg Clonal Evolution in Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Lohneis
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jianing Gu
- Institute for Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura K Godfrey
- Institute for Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Forster
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Genome Informatics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marija Trajkovic-Arsic
- Institute for Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mareike Haarmann
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lennartz
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Schmiel
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joshua D'Rozario
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emily S Thomas
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Henry Li
- Crown Bioscience, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Clemens A Schmitt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité - University Medical Center, Virchow Campus, and Molekulares Krebsforschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Julie George
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman K Thomas
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roland T Ullrich
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Institute for Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kadoaki Ohashi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Japan, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Martin Schlee
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin L Sos
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dinkel H, Michael S, Weatheritt RJ, Davey NE, Van Roey K, Altenberg B, Toedt G, Uyar B, Seiler M, Budd A, Jödicke L, Dammert MA, Schroeter C, Hammer M, Schmidt T, Jehl P, McGuigan C, Dymecka M, Chica C, Luck K, Via A, Chatr-aryamontri A, Haslam N, Grebnev G, Edwards RJ, Steinmetz MO, Meiselbach H, Diella F, Gibson TJ. ELM--the database of eukaryotic linear motifs. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:D242-51. [PMID: 22110040 PMCID: PMC3245074 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear motifs are short, evolutionarily plastic components of regulatory proteins and provide low-affinity interaction interfaces. These compact modules play central roles in mediating every aspect of the regulatory functionality of the cell. They are particularly prominent in mediating cell signaling, controlling protein turnover and directing protein localization. Given their importance, our understanding of motifs is surprisingly limited, largely as a result of the difficulty of discovery, both experimentally and computationally. The Eukaryotic Linear Motif (ELM) resource at http://elm.eu.org provides the biological community with a comprehensive database of known experimentally validated motifs, and an exploratory tool to discover putative linear motifs in user-submitted protein sequences. The current update of the ELM database comprises 1800 annotated motif instances representing 170 distinct functional classes, including approximately 500 novel instances and 24 novel classes. Several older motif class entries have been also revisited, improving annotation and adding novel instances. Furthermore, addition of full-text search capabilities, an enhanced interface and simplified batch download has improved the overall accessibility of the ELM data. The motif discovery portion of the ELM resource has added conservation, and structural attributes have been incorporated to aid users to discriminate biologically relevant motifs from stochastically occurring non-functional instances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Dinkel
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sushama Michael
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert J. Weatheritt
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norman E. Davey
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kim Van Roey
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Altenberg
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Grischa Toedt
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bora Uyar
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Seiler
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aidan Budd
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Jödicke
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Dammert
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schroeter
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Hammer
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Jehl
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline McGuigan
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Dymecka
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Chica
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Luck
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Allegra Via
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Chatr-aryamontri
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niall Haslam
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gleb Grebnev
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard J. Edwards
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michel O. Steinmetz
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Meiselbach
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Diella
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Toby J. Gibson
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany, Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, WK Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland, Genoscope (CEA – Institut de Génomique), 2 rue Gaston Cremieux CP5706, 91057 Evry, Group Oncoproteins, Unité CNRS-UDS UMR 7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 1, Bd Sébastien Brant, BP 10413, 67412 Illkirch – Cedex, France, Biocomputing Group, Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, UK, Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg and Molecular Health GmbH Belfortstr. 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|