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Tetlow AM, Jackman BM, Alhadidy MM, Muskus P, Morgan DG, Gordon MN. Neural atrophy produced by AAV tau injections into hippocampus and anterior cortex of middle-aged mice. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 124:39-50. [PMID: 36739619 PMCID: PMC9957956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Animal models of tauopathy help in understanding the role of mutations in tau pathobiology. Here, we used adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to administer three tau genetic variants (tauwild-type, tauP301L, and tauR406W) intracranially into 12-month-old C57BL/6Nia mice and collected tissue at 16 months. Vectors designed to express green fluorescent protein controlled for surgical procedures and exogenous protein expression by AAV. The tau genetic variants produced considerably different phenotypes. Tauwild-type and tauP301L caused memory impairments. The tauP301L caused increased amounts of aggregated tau, measured both neurochemically and histologically. Tauwild-type produced elevated levels of soluble tau and phosphorylated tau by ELISA and increased staining for phosphorylated forms of tau histologically. However, only the tauwild-type caused localized atrophy of brain tissue at the sites near the injection. The tauR406W had low protein expression and produced no atrophy or memory impairments. This supports the potential use of AAV expressing tauwild-type in aged mice to examine events leading to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Tetlow
- Dept of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brianna M Jackman
- Dept of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed M Alhadidy
- Dept of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Patricia Muskus
- Dept of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - David G Morgan
- Dept of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Dept of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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2
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Finneran D, Li Q, Subbarayan MS, Joly-Amado A, Kamath S, Dengler DG, Gordon MN, Jackson MR, Morgan D, Bickford PC, Smith LH, Nash KR. Concentration and proteolysis of CX3CL1 may regulate the microglial response to CX3CL1. Glia 2023; 71:245-258. [PMID: 36106533 PMCID: PMC9772123 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine (FKN) is a membrane-bound chemokine that can be cleaved by proteases such as ADAM 10, ADAM 17, and cathepsin S to generate soluble fragments. Studies using different forms of the soluble FKN yield conflicting results in vivo. These observations prompted us to investigate the function and pharmacology of two commonly used isoforms of FKN, a human full-length soluble FKN (sFKN), and a human chemokine domain only FKN (cdFKN). Both are prevalent in the literature and are often assumed to be functionally equivalent. We observed that recombinant sFKN and cdFKN exhibit similar potencies in a cell-based cAMP assay, but binding affinity for CX3CR1 was modestly different. There was a 10-fold difference in potency between sFKN and cdFKN when assessing their ability to stimulate β-arrestin recruitment. Interestingly, high concentrations of FKN, regardless of cleavage variant, were ineffective at reducing pro-inflammatory microglial activation and may induce a pro-inflammatory response. This effect was observed in mouse and rat primary microglial cells as well as microglial cell lines. The inflammatory response was exacerbated in aged microglia, which is known to exhibit age-related inflammatory phenotypes. We observed the same effects in Cx3cr1-/- primary microglia and therefore speculate that an alternative FKN receptor may exist. Collectively, these data provide greater insights into the function and pharmacology of these common FKN reagents, which may clarify conflicting reports and urge greater caution in the selection of FKN peptides for use in in vitro and in vivo studies and the interpretation of results obtained using these differing peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Finneran
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
- Michigan State University, Department of Translational Neuroscience, 400 Monroe Ave. NW, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Qingyou Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Meena S. Subbarayan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens St, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Aurelie Joly-Amado
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Siddharth Kamath
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Daniela G. Dengler
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sandford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- Michigan State University, Department of Translational Neuroscience, 400 Monroe Ave. NW, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Michael R. Jackson
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sandford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Dave Morgan
- Michigan State University, Department of Translational Neuroscience, 400 Monroe Ave. NW, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Paula C. Bickford
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
- Research Service, James A Haley Veterans Hospital, 13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
| | - Layton H. Smith
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sandford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Kevin R. Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa FL-33612, USA
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Kara B, Gordon MN, Gifani M, Dorrance AM, Counts SE. Vascular and Nonvascular Mechanisms of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Clin Geriatr Med 2023; 39:109-122. [PMID: 36404024 PMCID: PMC10062062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging, familial gene mutations, and genetic, environmental, and modifiable lifestyle risk factors predispose individuals to cognitive impairment or dementia by influencing the efficacy of multiple, often interdependent cellular and molecular homeostatic pathways mediating neuronal, glial, and vascular integrity and, ultimately, cognitive status. This review summarizes data from foundational and recent breakthrough studies to highlight common and differential vascular and nonvascular pathogenic mechanisms underlying the progression of Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Kara
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue Northwest, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue Northwest, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mahsa Gifani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue Northwest, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue Northwest, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, 15 Michigan Street Northeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Hauenstein Neurosciences Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's Medical Center, 20 Jefferson Avenue Southeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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Abstract
The limitation of cancer radiotherapy does not derive from an inability to ablate tumor, but rather to do so without excessively damaging critical tissues and organs and adversely affecting patient's quality of life. Although cellular senescence is a normal consequence of aging, there is increasing evidence showing that the radiation-induced senescence in both tumor and adjacent normal tissues contributes to tumor recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to therapy, while chronic senescent cells in the normal tissue and organ are a source of many late damaging effects. In this review, we discuss how to identify cellular senescence using various bio-markers and the role of the so-called senescence-associated secretory phenotype characteristics on the pathogenesis of the radiation-induced late effects. We also discuss therapeutic options to eliminate cellular senescence using either senolytics and/or senostatics. Finally, a discussion of cellular reprogramming is presented, another promising avenue to improve the therapeutic gain of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Kim
- grid.239864.20000 0000 8523 7701Radiobiology Research Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Stephen L. Brown
- grid.239864.20000 0000 8523 7701Radiobiology Research Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202 USA
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- grid.17088.360000 0001 2150 1785Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
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Tetlow AM, Jackman BM, Alhadidy MM, Perumal V, Morgan DG, Gordon MN. Influence of Host Age on Intracranial AAV9 TauP301L Induced Tauopathy. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:365-378. [PMID: 36970910 PMCID: PMC10540220 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced age is the greatest risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This implies that some aspect of the aged milieu is possibly accelerating the development of AD related pathologies. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that intracranially injected with AAV9 tauP301L may cause a greater degree of pathology in old versus young mice. METHODS Animals were injected with viral vectors overexpressing the mutant tauP301L or control protein (green fluorescent protein, GFP) into the brains of mature, middle-aged, and old C57BL/6Nia mice. The tauopathy phenotype was monitored four months after injection using behavioral, histological, and neurochemical measures. RESULTS Phosphorylated-tau immunostaining (AT8) or Gallyas staining of aggregated tau increased with age, but other measures of tau accumulation were not significantly affected. Overall, AAV-tau injected mice had impaired radial arm water maze performance, increased microglial activation, and showed evidence of hippocampal atrophy. Aging impaired open field and rotarod performance in both AAV-tau and control mice. The efficiency of viral transduction and gene expression were the same at all animal ages. CONCLUSION We conclude that tauP301L over expression results in a tauopathy phenotype with memory impairment and accumulation of aggregated tau. However, the effects of aging on this phenotype are modest and not detected by some markers of tau accumulation, similar to prior work on this topic. Thus, although age does influence the development of tauopathy, it is likely that other factors, such as ability to compensate for tau pathology, are more responsible for the increased risk of AD with advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Tetlow
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brianna M. Jackman
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Mohammed M. Alhadidy
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Varshini Perumal
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - David G. Morgan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Beck JS, Madaj Z, Cheema CT, Kara B, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Gordon MN, Ginsberg SD, Mufson EJ, Counts SE. Co-expression network analysis of frontal cortex during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5108-5120. [PMID: 35076713 PMCID: PMC9667180 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its putative prodromal stage, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), involve the dysregulation of multiple candidate molecular pathways that drive selective cellular vulnerability in cognitive brain regions. However, the spatiotemporal overlap of markers for pathway dysregulation in different brain regions and cell types presents a challenge for pinpointing causal versus epiphenomenal changes characterizing disease progression. To approach this problem, we performed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis and STRING interactome analysis of gene expression patterns quantified in frontal cortex samples (Brodmann area 10) from subjects who died with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment, aMCI, or mild/moderate AD. Frontal cortex was chosen due to the relatively protracted involvement of this region in AD, which might reveal pathways associated with disease onset. A co-expressed network correlating with clinical diagnosis was functionally associated with insulin signaling, with insulin (INS) being the most highly connected gene within the network. Co-expressed networks correlating with neuropathological diagnostic criteria (e.g., NIA-Reagan Likelihood of AD) were associated with platelet-endothelium-leucocyte cell adhesion pathways and hypoxia-oxidative stress. Dysregulation of these functional pathways may represent incipient alterations impacting disease progression and the clinical presentation of aMCI and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Beck
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Zachary Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Calvin T Cheema
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, MI 49006, USA
| | - Betul Kara
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Hauenstein Neurosciences Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Braun DJ, Weekman EM, Gordon MN, Späni CB. Editorial: Modulation of neuroimmune systems to preserve brain function in aging and dementia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:995409. [PMID: 35992899 PMCID: PMC9382828 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.995409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Braun
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: David J. Braun
| | - Erica M. Weekman
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Claudia B. Späni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gordon MN, Heneka MT, Le Page LM, Limberger C, Morgan D, Tenner AJ, Terrando N, Willette AA, Willette SA. Impact of COVID-19 on the Onset and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: A Roadmap for Future Research. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:1038-1046. [PMID: 34874605 PMCID: PMC9011667 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 causes lasting neurological symptoms in some survivors. Like other infections, COVID-19 may increase risk of cognitive impairment. This perspective highlights four knowledge gaps about COVID-19 that need to be filled to avoid this possible health issue. The first is the need to identify the COVID-19 symptoms, genetic polymorphisms and treatment decisions associated with risk of cognitive impairment. The second is the absence of model systems in which to test hypotheses relating infection to cognition. The third is the need for consortia for studying both existing and new longitudinal cohorts in which to monitor long term consequences of COVID-19 infection. A final knowledge gap discussed is the impact of the isolation and lack of social services brought about by quarantine/lockdowns on people living with dementia and their caregivers. Research into these areas may lead to interventions that reduce the overall risk of cognitive decline for COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia N. Gordon
- Dept of Translational NeuroscienceMichigan State University400 Monroe Ave NWGrand RapidsMI49503USA
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- Dept. of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry/NeurologyUniversity of Bonn Medical CenterSigmund‐Freud Str. 25, 53127 BonnGermany
| | - Lydia M. Le Page
- Departments of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, and Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA
| | - Christian Limberger
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: BiochemistryUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - David Morgan
- Dept of Translational NeuroscienceMichigan State University400 Monroe Ave NWGrand RapidsMI49503USA
| | - Andrea J. Tenner
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Neurobiology and Behavior and Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineUSA
| | - Niccolò Terrando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cell Biology, and ImmunologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC27710USA
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Boche D, Gordon MN. Diversity of transcriptomic microglial phenotypes in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:360-376. [PMID: 34223696 PMCID: PMC9059230 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The morphological plasticity of microglia has fascinated neuroscientists for 100 years. Attempts to classify functional phenotypes are hampered by similarities between endogenous brain microglia and peripheral myeloid cells that can enter the brain under pathological conditions. Recent advances in single-cell -omic methodologies have led to an explosion of data regarding gene expression in microglia. Herein, we review the diversity of microglial phenotypes in healthy brains, aging, and Alzheimer's disease (AD); identify knowledge gaps in the body of evidence; and suggest areas in which new knowledge would be useful. Data from human samples and mouse models are compared and contrasted. Understanding the molecular complexity of the microglial response repertoire will suggest new avenues for therapeutic treatments in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA,corresponding author: Marcia N. Gordon, PhD, Michigan State University GRRC, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503 USA, , Telephone: (616) 234-2837
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Loon A, Zamudio F, Sanneh A, Brown B, Smeltzer S, Brownlow ML, Quadri Z, Peters M, Weeber E, Nash K, Lee DC, Gordon MN, Morgan D, Selenica MLB. Accumulation of C-terminal cleaved tau is distinctly associated with cognitive deficits, synaptic plasticity impairment, and neurodegeneration in aged mice. GeroScience 2022; 44:173-194. [PMID: 34410588 PMCID: PMC8810980 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
C-terminal cleaved tau at D421 (∆D421-tau) accumulates in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, it is unclear how tau truncation, an understudied tau post-translational modification, contributes to AD pathology and progression. Utilizing an adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene delivery-based approach, we overexpressed full-length tau (FL-tau) and ∆D421-tau in 4- and 12-month-old mice for 4 months to study the neuropathological impact of accumulation in young adult (8-month) and middle-aged (16-month) mice. Overall, we show that independent of the tau species, age was an important factor facilitating tau phosphorylation, oligomer formation, and deposition into silver-positive tangles. However, mice overexpressing ∆D421-tau exhibited a distinct phosphorylation profile to those overexpressing FL-tau and increased tau oligomerization in the middle-age group. Importantly, overexpression of ∆D421-tau, but not FL-tau in middle-aged mice, resulted in pronounced cognitive impairments and hippocampal long-term potentiation deficits. While both FL-tau and ∆D421-tau induced neuronal loss in mice with age, ∆D421-tau led to significant neuronal loss in the CA3 area of the hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex compared to FL-tau. Based on our data, we conclude that age increases the susceptibility to neuronal degeneration associated with ΔD421-tau accumulation. Our findings suggest that ΔD421-tau accumulation contributes to synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits, thus representing a potential target for tau-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjanet Loon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Frank Zamudio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Awa Sanneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Breanna Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Shayna Smeltzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Milene L. Brownlow
- Department of Molecular Pharmacological & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Zainuddin Quadri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- Sanders-Brown Center On Aging (SBCoA), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Melinda Peters
- Department of Molecular Pharmacological & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Edwin Weeber
- Department of Molecular Pharmacological & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Kevin Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacological & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- Sanders-Brown Center On Aging (SBCoA), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacological & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacological & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Maj-Linda B. Selenica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- Sanders-Brown Center On Aging (SBCoA), College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, 800 S. Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
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Song G, Yang H, Shen N, Pham P, Brown B, Lin X, Hong Y, Sinu P, Cai J, Li X, Leon M, Gordon MN, Morgan D, Zhang S, Cao C. An Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Vaccine Targeting Oligomeric Amyloid-β. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:1639-1653. [PMID: 32925044 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is considered the most important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent research supports the theory that immunotherapy targeting the "oligomeric" forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) may halt the progression of AD. However, previous clinical trial of the vaccine against Aβ, called AN1792, was suspended due to cases of meningoencephalitis in patients. OBJECTIVE To develop a peptide sensitized dendritic cells (DCs) vaccine that would target oligomer Aβ and prevent an autoimmune response. METHODS Double transgenic APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (Tg) and C57BL/6J control mice were used in this study. Cytokine expression profile detection, characterization of antisera, brain GSK-3β, LC3 expression, and spatial working memory testing before and post-vaccination were obtained. RESULTS Epitope prediction indicated that E22W42 could generate 13 new T cell epitopes which can strengthen immunity in aged subjects and silence several T cell epitopes of the wild type Aβ. The silenced T cell epitope could help avoid the autoimmune response that was seen in some patients of the AN-1792 vaccine. The E22W42 not only helped sensitize bone marrow-derived DCs for the development of an oligomeric Aβ-specific antibody, but also delayed memory impairment in the APP/PS1 mouse model. Most importantly, this E22W42 peptide will not alter the DC's natural immunomodulatory properties. CONCLUSION The E22W42 vaccine is possibly safer for patients with impaired immune systems. Since there is increasing evidence that oligomeric form of Aβ are the toxic species to neurons, the E22W42 antibody's specificity for these "oligomeric" Aβ species could provide the opportunity to produce some clinical benefits in AD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Haiqiang Yang
- College of Arts and Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ning Shen
- College of Arts and Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Phillip Pham
- Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Breanna Brown
- Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Lin
- Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yuzhu Hong
- Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul Sinu
- Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- College of Arts and Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Arts and Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Leon
- Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - David Morgan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sai Zhang
- Institution of Brain Trauma and Neurology Disease, Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- College of Arts and Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.,College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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12
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Finneran DJ, Njoku IP, Flores-Pazarin D, Ranabothu MR, Nash KR, Morgan D, Gordon MN. Toward Development of Neuron Specific Transduction After Systemic Delivery of Viral Vectors. Front Neurol 2021; 12:685802. [PMID: 34512509 PMCID: PMC8426581 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.685802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread transduction of the CNS with a single, non-invasive systemic injection of adeno-associated virus is now possible due to the creation of blood-brain barrier-permeable capsids. However, as these capsids are mutants of AAV9, they do not have specific neuronal tropism. Therefore, it is necessary to use genetic tools to restrict expression of the transgene to neuronal tissues. Here we compare the strength and specificity of two neuron-specific promoters, human synapsin 1 and mouse calmodulin/calcium dependent kinase II, to the ubiquitous CAG promoter. Administration of a high titer of virus is necessary for widespread CNS transduction. We observed the neuron-specific promoters drive comparable overall expression in the brain to the CAG promoter. Furthermore, the neuron-specific promoters confer significantly less transgene expression in peripheral tissues compared with the CAG promoter. Future experiments will utilize these delivery platforms to over-express the Alzheimer-associated pathological proteins amyloid-beta and tau to create mouse models without transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Finneran
- Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Ikenna P. Njoku
- Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Diego Flores-Pazarin
- Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Meghana R. Ranabothu
- Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Kevin R. Nash
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - David Morgan
- Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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13
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Ma C, Hunt JB, Kovalenko A, Liang H, Selenica MLB, Orr MB, Zhang B, Gensel JC, Feola DJ, Gordon MN, Morgan D, Bickford PC, Lee DC. Myeloid Arginase 1 Insufficiency Exacerbates Amyloid-β Associated Neurodegenerative Pathways and Glial Signatures in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease: A Targeted Transcriptome Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628156. [PMID: 34046031 PMCID: PMC8144303 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain myeloid cells, include infiltrating macrophages and resident microglia, play an essential role in responding to and inducing neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) implicate many AD casual and risk genes enriched in brain myeloid cells. Coordinated arginine metabolism through arginase 1 (Arg1) is critical for brain myeloid cells to perform biological functions, whereas dysregulated arginine metabolism disrupts them. Altered arginine metabolism is proposed as a new biomarker pathway for AD. We previously reported Arg1 deficiency in myeloid biased cells using lysozyme M (LysM) promoter-driven deletion worsened amyloidosis-related neuropathology and behavioral impairment. However, it remains unclear how Arg1 deficiency in these cells impacts the whole brain to promote amyloidosis. Herein, we aim to determine how Arg1 deficiency driven by LysM restriction during amyloidosis affects fundamental neurodegenerative pathways at the transcriptome level. By applying several bioinformatic tools and analyses, we found that amyloid-β (Aβ) stimulated transcriptomic signatures in autophagy-related pathways and myeloid cells' inflammatory response. At the same time, myeloid Arg1 deficiency during amyloidosis promoted gene signatures of lipid metabolism, myelination, and migration of myeloid cells. Focusing on Aβ associated glial transcriptomic signatures, we found myeloid Arg1 deficiency up-regulated glial gene transcripts that positively correlated with Aβ plaque burden. We also observed that Aβ preferentially activated disease-associated microglial signatures to increase phagocytic response, whereas myeloid Arg1 deficiency selectively promoted homeostatic microglial signature that is non-phagocytic. These transcriptomic findings suggest a critical role for proper Arg1 function during normal and pathological challenges associated with amyloidosis. Furthermore, understanding pathways that govern Arg1 metabolism may provide new therapeutic opportunities to rebalance immune function and improve microglia/macrophage fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jerry B. Hunt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Andrii Kovalenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Huimin Liang
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Maj-Linda B. Selenica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Michael B. Orr
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Bei Zhang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - John C. Gensel
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David J. Feola
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Dave Morgan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Paula C. Bickford
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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14
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Ma C, Hunt JB, Selenica MLB, Sanneh A, Sandusky-Beltran LA, Watler M, Daas R, Kovalenko A, Liang H, Placides D, Cao C, Lin X, Orr MB, Zhang B, Gensel JC, Feola DJ, Gordon MN, Morgan D, Bickford PC, Lee DC. Arginase 1 Insufficiency Precipitates Amyloid- β Deposition and Hastens Behavioral Impairment in a Mouse Model of Amyloidosis. Front Immunol 2021; 11:582998. [PMID: 33519806 PMCID: PMC7840571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) includes several hallmarks comprised of amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, tau neuropathology, inflammation, and memory impairment. Brain metabolism becomes uncoupled due to aging and other AD risk factors, which ultimately lead to impaired protein clearance and aggregation. Increasing evidence indicates a role of arginine metabolism in AD, where arginases are key enzymes in neurons and glia capable of depleting arginine and producing ornithine and polyamines. However, currently, it remains unknown if the reduction of arginase 1 (Arg1) in myeloid cell impacts amyloidosis. Herein, we produced haploinsufficiency of Arg1 by the hemizygous deletion in myeloid cells using Arg1fl/fl and LysMcreTg/+ mice crossed with APP Tg2576 mice. Our data indicated that Arg1 haploinsufficiency promoted Aβ deposition, exacerbated some behavioral impairment, and decreased components of Ragulator-Rag complex involved in mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and autophagy. Additionally, Arg1 repression and arginine supplementation both impaired microglial phagocytosis in vitro. These data suggest that proper function of Arg1 and arginine metabolism in myeloid cells remains essential to restrict amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jerry B Hunt
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Maj-Linda B Selenica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Awa Sanneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Leslie A Sandusky-Beltran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mallory Watler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Rana Daas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Andrii Kovalenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Huimin Liang
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Devon Placides
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Michael B Orr
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Bei Zhang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - John C Gensel
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David J Feola
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Dave Morgan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Paula C Bickford
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Research Service, James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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15
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Joly-Amado A, Hunter J, Quadri Z, Zamudio F, Rocha-Rangel PV, Chan D, Kesarwani A, Nash K, Lee DC, Morgan D, Gordon MN, Selenica MLB. CCL2 Overexpression in the Brain Promotes Glial Activation and Accelerates Tau Pathology in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:997. [PMID: 32508844 PMCID: PMC7251073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune activation is a major contributor to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathophysiology, although the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Chemokine C-C motif ligand (CCL) 2 is produced by neurons and glial cells and is upregulated in the AD brain. Transgene expression of CCL2 in mouse models of amyloidosis produces microglia-induced amyloid β oligomerization, a strong indication of the role of these activation pathways in the amyloidogenic processes of AD. We have previously shown that CCL2 polarizes microglia in wild type mice. However, how CCL2 signaling contributes to tau pathogenesis remains unknown. To address this question, CCL2 was delivered via recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 into both cortex and hippocampus of a mouse model with tau pathology (rTg4510). We report that CCL2 overexpression aggravated tau pathology in rTg4510 as shown by the increase in Gallyas stained neurofibrillary tangles as well as phosphorylated tau-positive inclusions. In addition, biochemical analysis showed a reduction in the levels of detergent-soluble tau species followed by increase in the insoluble fraction, indicating a shift toward larger tau aggregates. Indeed, increased levels of high molecular weight species of phosphorylated tau were found in the mice injected with CCL2. We also report that worsening of tau pathology following CCL2 overexpression was accompanied by a distinct inflammatory response. We report an increase in leukocyte common antigen (CD45) and Cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) expression in the brain of rTg4510 mice without altering the expression levels of a cell-surface protein Transmembrane Protein 119 (Tmem119) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) in resident microglia. Furthermore, the analysis of cytokines in brain extract showed a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-6 and CCL3, while CCL5 levels were decreased in CCL2 mice. No changes were observed in IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α. IL-4, Vascular endothelial growth factor-VEGF, IL-13 and CCL11. Taken together our data report for the first time that overexpression of CCL2 promotes the increase of pathogenic tau species and is associated with glial neuroinflammatory changes that are deleterious. We propose that these events may contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Joly-Amado
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jordan Hunter
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Zainuddin Quadri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Frank Zamudio
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Patricia V Rocha-Rangel
- Michigan State University, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Deanna Chan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Anisha Kesarwani
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kevin Nash
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Dave Morgan
- Michigan State University, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Michigan State University, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
| | - Maj-Linda B Selenica
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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16
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Joly-Amado A, Davtyan H, Serraneau K, Jules P, Zitnyar A, Pressman E, Zagorski K, Antonyan T, Hovakimyan A, Paek HJ, Gordon MN, Cribbs DH, Petrovsky N, Agadjanyan MG, Ghochikyan A, Morgan D. Active immunization with tau epitope in a mouse model of tauopathy induced strong antibody response together with improvement in short memory and pSer396-tau pathology. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104636. [PMID: 31629891 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation and its aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles are a hallmark of tauopathies, neurodegenerative disorders that include Alzheimer's disease (AD). Active and passive Tau-immunotherapy has been proposed as a therapeutic approach to AD with mixed results. One of the limitations of active immunotherapy may be associated with the mediocre immunogenicity of vaccines that are not inducing therapeutically potent titers of antibodies. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of an anti-tau vaccine, AV-1980R/A composed of N terminal peptide of this molecule fused with an immunogenic MultiTEP platform and formulated in a strong adjuvant, AdvaxCpG in a Tg4510 mouse model of tauopathy. Experimental mice were immunized with AV-1980R/A and a control group of mice were injected with adjuvant only. Nontransgenic and tetracycline transactivator (tTA) transgenic littermates were included as baseline controls to contrast with the tau phenotype. Active immunization with AV-1980R/A induced very strong anti-tau humoral immune responses in both nontransgenic and transgenic mice with evidence of IgG in brains of AV-1980R/A vaccinated mice. These experimental animals displayed an improvement in short-term memory during a novel object recognition test. However, impairments in other behavioral tasks were not prevented by AV-1980R/A vaccinations. At the same time, high titers of anti-tau antibodies reduced hyperphosphorylated pSer396 tau but did not lower the level of other phosphorylated tau species in the brains of AV-1980R/A vaccinated mice. These data indicate that active immunotherapy with an N-terminal Tau epitope was only partially effective in improving cognition and reducing pathology in the stringent Tg4510 mouse model of tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Joly-Amado
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, USA.
| | - H Davtyan
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA; Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - K Serraneau
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - P Jules
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - A Zitnyar
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - E Pressman
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - K Zagorski
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA
| | - T Antonyan
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA
| | - A Hovakimyan
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA
| | - H J Paek
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - M N Gordon
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - D H Cribbs
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - N Petrovsky
- Flinders Med. Ctr., Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
| | - M G Agadjanyan
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA
| | - A Ghochikyan
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA
| | - D Morgan
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
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17
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Alhadidy MM, Soliman AS, Tetlow AM, Kara B, Kozikowski A, Gordon MN, Morgan D. P4-039: A NOVEL HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDAC6) INHIBITOR TO MITIGATE TAU PATHOLOGY IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amber M. Tetlow
- Michigan State University; Grand Rapids MI USA
- University of South Florida; Tampa FL USA
| | - Betul Kara
- Michigan State University; Grand Rapids MI USA
| | | | | | - Dave Morgan
- Michigan State University; Grand Rapids MI USA
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18
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Sandusky-Beltran LA, Kovalenko A, Ma C, Calahatian JIT, Placides DS, Watler MD, Hunt JB, Darling AL, Baker JD, Blair LJ, Martin MD, Fontaine SN, Dickey CA, Lussier AL, Weeber EJ, Selenica MLB, Nash KR, Gordon MN, Morgan D, Lee DC. Spermidine/spermine-N 1-acetyltransferase ablation impacts tauopathy-induced polyamine stress response. Alzheimers Res Ther 2019; 11:58. [PMID: 31253191 PMCID: PMC6599347 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tau stabilizes microtubules; however, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and tauopathies, tau becomes hyperphosphorylated, aggregates, and results in neuronal death. Our group recently uncovered a unique interaction between polyamine metabolism and tau fate. Polyamines exert an array of physiological effects that support neuronal function and cognitive processing. Specific stimuli can elicit a polyamine stress response (PSR), resulting in altered central polyamine homeostasis. Evidence suggests that elevations in polyamines following a short-term stressor are beneficial; however, persistent stress and subsequent PSR activation may lead to maladaptive polyamine dysregulation, which is observed in AD, and may contribute to neuropathology and disease progression. METHODS Male and female mice harboring tau P301L mutation (rTg4510) were examined for a tau-induced central polyamine stress response (tau-PSR). The direct effect of tau-PSR byproducts on tau fibrillization and oligomerization were measured using a thioflavin T assay and a N2a split superfolder GFP-Tau (N2a-ssGT) cell line, respectively. To therapeutically target the tau-PSR, we bilaterally injected caspase 3-cleaved tau truncated at aspartate 421 (AAV9 Tau ΔD421) into the hippocampus and cortex of spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT), a key regulator of the tau-PSR, knock out (SSAT-/-), and wild type littermates, and the effects on tau neuropathology, polyamine dysregulation, and behavior were measured. Lastly, cellular models were employed to further examine how SSAT repression impacted tau biology. RESULTS Tau induced a unique tau-PSR signature in rTg4510 mice, notably in the accumulation of acetylated spermidine. In vitro, higher-order polyamines prevented tau fibrillization but acetylated spermidine failed to mimic this effect and even promoted fibrillization and oligomerization. AAV9 Tau ΔD421 also elicited a unique tau-PSR in vivo, and targeted disruption of SSAT prevented the accumulation of acetylated polyamines and impacted several tau phospho-epitopes. Interestingly, SSAT knockout mice presented with altered behavior in the rotarod task, the elevated plus maze, and marble burying task, thus highlighting the impact of polyamine homeostasis within the brain. CONCLUSION These data represent a novel paradigm linking tau pathology and polyamine dysfunction and that targeting specific arms within the polyamine pathway may serve as new targets to mitigate certain components of the tau phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A. Sandusky-Beltran
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- 0000 0004 1936 8753grid.137628.9Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 1 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Andrii Kovalenko
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Chao Ma
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - John Ivan T. Calahatian
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Devon S. Placides
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Mallory D. Watler
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Jerry B. Hunt
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - April L. Darling
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Jeremy D. Baker
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Laura J. Blair
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Mackenzie D. Martin
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Sarah N. Fontaine
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - April L. Lussier
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Edwin J. Weeber
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Maj-Linda B. Selenica
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Kevin R. Nash
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- 0000 0001 2150 1785grid.17088.36Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- 0000 0001 2150 1785grid.17088.36Department of Translational Science & Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Ave NW, Grand Rapids, MI 49503 USA
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aByrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
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Tetlow AM, Joly-Amado A, Gordon MN, Morgan D. P3‐176: AGE AS A PREDICTOR OF DIFFERENT PHYSIOLOGICAL FORMS OF TAU. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Tetlow
- Michigan State UniversityGrand RapidsMIUSA
- University of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
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Schroeder S, Joly-Amado A, Soliman A, Sengupta U, Kayed R, Gordon MN, Morgan D. Oligomeric tau-targeted immunotherapy in Tg4510 mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2017; 9:46. [PMID: 28655349 PMCID: PMC5488475 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finding ways to reverse or prevent the consequences of pathogenic tau in the brain is of considerable importance for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Immunotherapy against tau has shown promise in several mouse models. In particular, an antibody with selectivity for oligomeric forms of tau, tau oligomer monoclonal antibody (TOMA), has shown rescue of the behavioral phenotype in several murine models of tau deposition. METHODS In this study, we examined the capacity of TOMA to rescue the behavioral, histological, and neurochemical consequences of tau deposition in the aggressive Tg4510 model. We treated mice biweekly with 60 μg TOMA i.p. from 3.5 to 8 months of age. RESULTS Near the end of the treatment, we found that oligomeric tau was elevated in both the CSF and in plasma. Further, we could detect mouse IgG in Tg4510 mouse brain after TOMA treatment, but not after injection with mouse IgG1 as control. However, we did not find significant reductions in behavioral deficits or tau deposits by either histological or biochemical measurements. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that there is some exposure of the Tg4510 mouse brain to TOMA, but it was inadequate to affect the phenotype in these mice at the doses used. These data are consistent with other observations that the rapidly depositing Tg4510 mouse is a challenging model in which to demonstrate efficacy of tau-lowering treatments compared to some other preclinical models of tau deposition/overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulana Schroeder
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Aurelie Joly-Amado
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Ahlam Soliman
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Urmi Sengupta
- George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Neurology, and Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Rakiz Kayed
- George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Neurology, and Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - David Morgan
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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21
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Joly-Amado A, Serraneau KS, Brownlow M, Marín de Evsikova C, Speakman JR, Gordon MN, Morgan D. Metabolic changes over the course of aging in a mouse model of tau deposition. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 44:62-73. [PMID: 27318134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Weight loss and food intake disturbances that often precede cognitive decline and diagnosis have been extensively reported in Alzheimer's disease patients. Previously, we observed that transgenic mice overexpressing tau seemed to eat more food yet weigh less than nontransgenic littermates. Thus, the present longitudinal study measured the time course of changes in metabolic state over the lifespan of the tau depositing Tg4510 mouse model of tau deposition. Although body weight was comparable to nontransgenic littermates at 2 months of age, Tg4510 mice weighed less at older ages. This was accompanied by the accumulation of tau pathology and by dramatically increased activity in all phases of the 24-hour cycle. Resting metabolic rate was also increased at 7 months of age. At 12 months near the end of the Tg4510 lifespan, there was a wasting phase, with a considerable decrease of resting metabolic rate, although hyperactivity was maintained. These diverse changes in metabolism in a mouse model of tau deposition are discussed in the context of known changes in energy metabolism in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Joly-Amado
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Karisa S Serraneau
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Milene Brownlow
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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22
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Schroeder SK, Joly-Amado A, Gordon MN, Morgan D. Tau-Directed Immunotherapy: A Promising Strategy for Treating Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 11:9-25. [PMID: 26538351 PMCID: PMC4746105 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-015-9637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy directed against tau is a promising treatment strategy for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and tauopathies. We review initial studies on tau-directed immunotherapy, and present data from our laboratory testing antibodies using the rTg4510 mouse model, which deposits tau in forebrain neurons. Numerous antibodies have been tested for their efficacy in treating both pathology and cognitive function, in different mouse models, by different routes of administration, and at different ages or durations. We report, here, that the conformation-specific antibody MC-1 produces some degree of improvement to both cognition and pathology in rTg4510. Pathological improvements as measured by Gallyas staining for fully formed tangles and phosphorylated tau appeared 4 days after intracranial injection into the hippocampus. We also examined markers for microglial activation, which did not appear impacted from treatment. Behavioral effects were noted after continuous infusion of antibodies into the lateral ventricle for approximately 2 weeks. We examined basic motor skills, which were not impacted by treatment, but did note cognitive improvements with both novel object and radial arm water maze testing. Our results support earlier reports in the initial review presented here, and collectively show promise for this strategy of treatment. The general absence of extracellular tau deposits may avoid the opsonization and phagocytosis mechanisms activated by antibodies against amyloid, and make anti tau approaches a safer method of immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulana K Schroeder
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, 4001 E. Fletcher Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Aurelie Joly-Amado
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, 4001 E. Fletcher Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, 4001 E. Fletcher Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, 4001 E. Fletcher Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
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23
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Selenica MLB, Reid P, Pena G, Alvarez J, Hunt JB, Nash KR, Morgan D, Gordon MN, Lee DC. Adeno associated viral-mediated intraosseous labeling of bone marrow derived cells for CNS tracking. J Immunol Methods 2016; 432:51-6. [PMID: 26784524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, including microglial activation in the CNS, is an important hallmark in many neurodegenerative diseases. Microglial stimuli not only impact the brain microenvironment by production and release of cytokines and chemokines, but also influence the activity of bone marrow derived cells and blood born macrophage populations. In many diseases including brain disorders and spinal cord injury, researchers have tried to harbor the neuroprotective and repair properties of these subpopulations. Hematopoietic bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) are of great interest, especially during gene therapy because certain hematopoietic cell subpopulations traffic to the sites of injury and inflammation. The aim of this study was to develop a method of labeling endogenous bone marrow derived cells through intraosseous impregnation of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) or lentivirus. We utilized rAAV serotype 9 (rAAV-9) or lentivirus for gene delivery of green florescence protein (GFP) to the mouse bone marrow cells. Flow cytometry showed that both viruses were able to efficiently transduce mouse bone marrow cells in vivo. However, the rAAV9-GFP viral construct transduced BMDCs more efficiently than the lentivirus (11.2% vs. 6.8%), as indicated by cellular GFP expression. We also demonstrate that GFP labeled cells correspond to bone marrow cells of myeloid origin using CD11b as a marker. Additionally, we characterized the ability of bone marrow derived, GFP labeled cells to extravasate into the brain parenchyma upon acute and subchronic neuroinflammatory stimuli in the mouse CNS. Viral mediated over expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) or intracranial injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) recruited GFP labeled BMDCs from the periphery into the brain parenchyma compared to vehicle treated mice. Altogether our findings demonstrate a useful method of labeling endogenous BMDCs via viral transduction and the ability to track subpopulations throughout the body following insult or injury. Alternatively, this method might find utility in delivering therapeutic genes for neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj-Linda B Selenica
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Patrick Reid
- Dept of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gabriela Pena
- Dept of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Alvarez
- Dept of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jerry B Hunt
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kevin R Nash
- Dept of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- Dept of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Dept of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has become an extremely useful tool for the study of gene over expression or knockdown in the central nervous system of experimental animals. One disadvantage of intracranial injections of rAAV vectors into the brain parenchyma has been restricted distribution to relatively small volumes of the brain. Convection enhanced delivery (CED) is a method for delivery of clinically relevant amounts of therapeutic agents to large areas of the brain in a direct intracranial injection procedure. CED uses bulk flow to increase the hydrostatic pressure and thus improve volume distribution. The CED method has shown robust gene transfer and increased distribution within the CNS and can be successfully used for different serotypes of rAAV for increased transduction of the mouse CNS. This chapter details the surgical injection of rAAV by CED into a mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Nash
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL, 33613, USA.
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave., Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
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Sanneh A, Johnson N, Housley SB, Manchec B, Liu J, Nash K, Lee DC, Gordon MN, Morgan D, Selenica MLB. P3‐007: Characterization of full length and c‐terminal truncated tau pathological progression with age in wild type mice. Alzheimers Dement 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.06.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Awa Sanneh
- Byrd Alzheimers Institute, College of PharmacyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Nick Johnson
- Byrd Alzheimers Institute, College of PharmacyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | | | - Barbara Manchec
- USF Health, Byrd Alzheimers InstituteUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Joseph Liu
- Byrd Alzheimers Institute, College of PharmacyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Kevin Nash
- Byrd Alzheimers Institute, College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- Byrd Alzheimers Institute, College of PharmacyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- Byrd Alzheimers Institute, College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Dave Morgan
- Byrd Alzheimers Institute, College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
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26
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Joly-Amado A, Brownlow M, Pierce J, Ravipati A, Showalter E, Li Q, Gordon MN, Morgan D. Intraventricular human immunoglobulin distributes extensively but fails to modify amyloid in a mouse model of amyloid deposition. Curr Alzheimer Res 2015; 11:664-71. [PMID: 25115543 DOI: 10.2174/1567205011666140812114341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin infusions into Alzheimer patients have been found to provide cognitive benefit over a period of 6 mo in open label studies. One suggestion has been that these preparations contain small amounts of antibodies directed against monomeric and oligomeric Aβ which underlie their effectiveness in patients. To test this hypothesis, we infused Gammagard, a version of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), into the lateral ventricle of amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice with pre-existing amyloid deposits. Mice were infused over 4 weeks, and tested behaviorally for the last 2 weeks of treatment. Brains were analyzed for histopathology. We found widespread distribution of human-immunoglobulin G (h-IgG) staining in the mouse forebrain, including cerebral cortices and hippocampus. Some cortical neurons appeared to concentrate the h-IgG, but we did not detect evidence of amyloid plaque labeling by h-IgG. The IVIG-treated mice had no change in phenotype compared to saline-infused animals with respect to activity, learning and memory, or amyloid deposition. APP mice infused with an anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody did show some reduction in amyloid deposits. These data do not support the argument that anti-Aβ antibodies in IVIG preparations are responsible for cognitive benefits seen with these preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dave Morgan
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, 4001 E. Fletcher Ave. Tampa FL 33613, USA.
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27
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Selenica MLB, Davtyan H, Housley SB, Blair LJ, Gillies A, Nordhues BA, Zhang B, Liu J, Gestwicki JE, Lee DC, Gordon MN, Morgan D, Dickey CA. Epitope analysis following active immunization with tau proteins reveals immunogens implicated in tau pathogenesis. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:152. [PMID: 25183004 PMCID: PMC4167523 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation and its accumulation into intra-neuronal neurofibrillary tangles are linked to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and similar tauopathies. One strategy to reduce accumulation is through immunization, but the most immunogenic tau epitopes have so far remained unknown. To fill this gap, we immunized mice with recombinant tau to build a map of the most immunogenic tau epitopes. METHODS Non-transgenic and rTg4510 tau transgenic mice aged 5 months were immunized with either human wild-type tau (Wt, 4R0N) or P301L tau (4R0N). Each protein was formulated in Quil A adjuvant. Sera and splenocytes of vaccinated mice were collected to assess the humoral and cellular immune responses to tau. We employed a peptide array assay to identify the most effective epitopes. Brain histology was utilized to measure the effects of vaccination on tau pathology and inflammation. RESULTS Humoral immune responses following immunization demonstrated robust antibody titers (up to 1:80,000 endpoint titers) to each tau species in both mice models. The number of IFN-γ producing T cells and their proliferation were also increased in splenocytes from immunized mice, indicating an increased cellular immune response, and tau levels and neuroinflammation were both reduced. We identified five immunogenic motifs within either the N-terminal (9-15 and 21-27 amino acids), proline rich (168-174 and 220-228 amino acids), or the C-terminal regions (427-438 amino acids) of the wild-type and P301L tau protein sequence. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies five previously unknown immunogenic motifs of wild-type and mutated (P301L) tau protein. Immunization with both proteins resulted in reduced tau pathology and neuroinflammation in a tau transgenic model, supporting the efficacy of tau immunotherapy in tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj-Linda B Selenica
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- />Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, 16371 Gothard Street, H, Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA
- />Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, 2642 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Steven B Housley
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Laura J Blair
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Anne Gillies
- />Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Bryce A Nordhues
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Joseph Liu
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- />Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Daniel C Lee
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Chad A Dickey
- />USF Health, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
- />Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 4001 E. Fowler Avenue, MDC 36, Tampa, FL 33613 USA
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Brownlow ML, Joly-Amado A, Azam S, Elza M, Selenica ML, Pappas C, Small B, Engelman R, Gordon MN, Morgan D. Partial rescue of memory deficits induced by calorie restriction in a mouse model of tau deposition. Behav Brain Res 2014; 271:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Selenica ML, Benner L, Housley SB, Manchec B, Lee DC, Nash KR, Kalin J, Bergman JA, Kozikowski A, Gordon MN, Morgan D. Histone deacetylase 6 inhibition improves memory and reduces total tau levels in a mouse model of tau deposition. Alzheimers Res Ther 2014; 6:12. [PMID: 24576665 PMCID: PMC3978441 DOI: 10.1186/alzrt241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Tau pathology is associated with a number of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Few treatments have been demonstrated to diminish the impact of tau pathology in mouse models and none are yet effective in humans. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is an enzyme that removes acetyl groups from cytoplasmic proteins, rather than nuclear histones. Its substrates include tubulin, heat shock protein 90 and cortactin. Tubastatin A is a selective inhibitor of HDAC6. Modification of tau pathology by specific inhibition of HDAC6 presents a potential therapeutic approach in tauopathy. Methods We treated rTg4510 mouse models of tau deposition and non-transgenic mice with tubastatin (25 mg/kg) or saline (0.9%) from 5 to 7 months of age. Cognitive behavior analysis, histology and biochemical analysis were applied to access the effect of tubastatin on memory, tau pathology and neurodegeneration (hippocampal volume). Results We present data showing that tubastatin restored memory function in rTg4510 mice and reversed a hyperactivity phenotype. We further found that tubastatin reduced the levels of total tau, both histologically and by western analysis. Reduction in total tau levels was positively correlated with memory improvement in these mice. However, there was no impact on phosphorylated forms of tau, either by histology or western analysis, nor was there an impact on silver positive inclusions histologically. Conclusion Potential mechanisms by which HDAC6 inhibitors might benefit the rTg4510 mouse include stabilization of microtubules secondary to increased tubulin acetylation, increased degradation of tau secondary to increased acetylation of HSP90 or both. These data support the use of HDAC6 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents against tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj-Linda Selenica
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA ; College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Leif Benner
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Steven B Housley
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Barbara Manchec
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA ; College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kevin R Nash
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA ; College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jay Kalin
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joel A Bergman
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alan Kozikowski
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA ; College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA ; College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Brownlow ML, Benner L, D'Agostino D, Gordon MN, Morgan D. Ketogenic diet improves motor performance but not cognition in two mouse models of Alzheimer's pathology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75713. [PMID: 24069439 PMCID: PMC3771931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary manipulations are increasingly viewed as possible approaches to treating neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies suggest that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients present an energy imbalance with brain hypometabolism and mitochondrial deficits. Ketogenic diets (KDs), widely investigated in the treatment and prevention of seizures, have been suggested to bypass metabolic deficits present in AD brain by providing ketone bodies as an alternative fuel to neurons. We investigated the effects of a ketogenic diet in two transgenic mouse lines. Five months old APP/PS1 (a model of amyloid deposition) and Tg4510 (a model of tau deposition) mice were offered either a ketogenic or a control (NIH-31) diet for 3 months. Body weight and food intake were monitored throughout the experiment, and blood was collected at 4 weeks and 4 months for ketone and glucose assessments. Both lines of transgenic mice weighed less than nontransgenic mice, yet, surprisingly, had elevated food intake. The ketogenic diet did not affect these differences in body weight or food consumption. Behavioral testing during the last two weeks of treatment found that mice offered KD performed significantly better on the rotarod compared to mice on the control diet independent of genotype. In the open field test, both transgenic mouse lines presented increased locomotor activity compared to nontransgenic, age-matched controls, and this effect was not influenced by KD. The radial arm water maze identified learning deficits in both transgenic lines with no significant differences between diets. Tissue measures of amyloid, tau, astroglial and microglial markers in transgenic lines showed no differences between animals fed the control or the ketogenic diet. These data suggest that ketogenic diets may play an important role in enhancing motor performance in mice, but have minimal impact on the phenotype of murine models of amyloid or tau deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene L Brownlow
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States of America ; USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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Selenica MLB, Alvarez JA, Nash KR, Lee DC, Cao C, Lin X, Reid P, Mouton PR, Morgan D, Gordon MN. Diverse activation of microglia by chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 overexpression in brain. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:86. [PMID: 23866683 PMCID: PMC3726363 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) is a monocyte chemoattractant protein that mediates macrophage recruitment and migration during peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Methods To determine the impact of CCL2 in inflammation in vivo and to elucidate the CCL2-induced polarization of activated brain microglia, we delivered CCL2 into the brains of wild-type mice via recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV-9) driven by the chicken β-actin promoter. We measured microglial activation using histological and chemical measurement and recruitment of monocytes using histology and flow cytometry. Results The overexpression of CCL2 in the CNS induced significant activation of brain resident microglia. CD45 and major histocompatibility complex class II immunoreactivity significantly increased at the sites of CCL2 administration. Histological characterization of the microglial phenotype revealed the elevation of “classically activated” microglial markers, such as calgranulin B and IL-1β, as well as markers associated with “alternative activation” of microglia, including YM1 and arginase 1. The protein expression profile in the hippocampus demonstrated markedly increased levels of IL-6, GM-CSF and eotaxin (CCL-11) in response to CCL2, but no changes in the levels of other cytokines, including TNF-α and IFN-γ. Moreover, real-time PCR analysis confirmed increases in mRNA levels of gene transcripts associated with neuroinflammation following CCL2 overexpression. Finally, we investigated the chemotactic properties of CCL2 in vivo by performing adoptive transfer of bone marrow–derived cells (BMDCs) isolated from donor mice that ubiquitously expressed green fluorescent protein. Flow cytometry and histological analyses indicated that BMDCs extravasated into brain parenchyma and colabeled with microglial markers. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that CCL2 strongly activates resident microglia in the brain. Both pro- and anti-inflammatory activation of microglia were prominent, with no bias toward the M1 or M2 phenotype in the activated cells. As expected, CCL2 overexpression actively recruited circulating monocytes into the CNS. Thus, CCL2 expression in mouse brain induces microglial activation and represents an efficient method for recruitment of peripheral macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj-Linda B Selenica
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Brownlow M, Benner L, Joly‐Amado A, Azam S, D'Agostino D, Gordon MN, Morgan D. P1–020: Calorie restriction, but not ketogenic diet, improves cognition in mouse models of Alzheimer's pathology. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leif Benner
- University of Tampa Tampa Florida United States
| | | | - Sana Azam
- University of South Florida Tampa Florida United States
| | | | | | - David Morgan
- University of South Florida Tampa Florida United States
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Hunt J, Nash K, Placides D, Moran P, Rodrigez‐Ospina S, Yang CG, Savlia M, Selenica M, Gordon MN, Morgan D, Lee D. P1–410: Arginase‐1 overexpression reduces tau pathology in rTg4510 tau transgenic mice. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Hunt
- University of South Florida & Byrd Alzheimer's Institute Tampa Florida United States
| | - Kevin Nash
- University of South Florida & Byrd Alzheimer's Institute Tampa Florida United States
| | - Devon Placides
- University of South Florida & Byrd Alzheimer's Institute Tampa Florida United States
| | - Peter Moran
- University of South Florida & Byrd Alzheimer's Institute Tampa Florida United States
| | | | - Clement G.Y. Yang
- University of South Florida & Byrd Alzheimer's Institute Tampa Florida United States
| | - Miloni Savlia
- University of South Florida & Byrd Alzheimer's Institute Tampa Florida United States
| | - Maj‐Linda Selenica
- University of South Florida & Byrd Alzheimer's Institute Tampa Florida United States
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- University of South Florida & Byrd Alzheimer's Institute Tampa Florida United States
| | - David Morgan
- University of South Florida & Byrd Alzheimer's Institute Tampa Florida United States
| | - Daniel Lee
- University of South Florida Tampa Florida United States
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Carty N, Nash KR, Brownlow M, Cruite D, Wilcock D, Selenica MLB, Lee DC, Gordon MN, Morgan D. Intracranial injection of AAV expressing NEP but not IDE reduces amyloid pathology in APP+PS1 transgenic mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59626. [PMID: 23555730 PMCID: PMC3610740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of β-amyloid peptides in the brain has been recognized as an essential factor in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Several proteases, including Neprilysin (NEP), endothelin converting enzyme (ECE), and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), have been shown to cleave β-amyloid peptides (Aβ). We have previously reported reductions in amyloid in APP+PS1 mice with increased expression of ECE. In this study we compared the vector-induced increased expression of NEP and IDE. We used recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors expressing either native forms of NEP (NEP-n) or IDE (IDE-n), or engineered secreted forms of NEP (NEP-s) or IDE (IDE-s). In a six-week study, immunohistochemistry staining for total Aβ was significantly decreased in animals receiving the NEP-n and NEP-s but not for IDE-n or IDE-s in either the hippocampus or cortex. Congo red staining followed a similar trend revealing significant decreases in the hippocampus and the cortex for NEP-n and NEP-s treatment groups. Our results indicate that while rAAV-IDE does not have the same therapeutic potential as rAAV-NEP, rAAV-NEP-s and NEP-n are effective at reducing amyloid loads, and both of these vectors continue to have significant effects nine months post-injection. As such, they may be considered reasonable candidates for gene therapy trials in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikisha Carty
- University of South Florida College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Nash
- University of South Florida College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Milene Brownlow
- University of South Florida College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dana Cruite
- University of South Florida College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Donna Wilcock
- University of Kentucky Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Physiology, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Maj-Linda B. Selenica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida College of Pharmacy, Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- University of South Florida College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dave Morgan
- University of South Florida College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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Lee DC, Rizer J, Hunt JB, Selenica MLB, Gordon MN, Morgan D. Review: experimental manipulations of microglia in mouse models of Alzheimer's pathology: activation reduces amyloid but hastens tau pathology. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2013; 39:69-85. [PMID: 23171029 PMCID: PMC4300851 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The inflammation hypothesis of Alzheimer's pathogenesis has directed much scientific effort towards ameliorating this disease. The development of mouse models of amyloid deposition permitted direct tests of the proposal that amyloid-activated microglia could cause neurodegeneration in vivo. Many approaches to manipulating microglial activation have been applied to these mouse models, and are the subject of this review. In general, these results do not support a direct neuricidal action of microglia in mouse amyloid models under any activation state. Some of the manipulations cause both a reduction in pathology and a reduction in microglial activation. However, at least for agents like ibuprofen, this outcome may result from a direct action on amyloid production, and a reduction in the microglial-provoking amyloid deposits, rather than from reduced microglial activation leading to a decline in amyloid deposition. Instead, a surprising number of the experimental manipulations which increase microglial activation lead to enhanced clearance of the amyloid deposits. Both the literature and new data presented here suggest that either classical or alternative activation of microglia can lead to enhanced amyloid clearance. However, a limited number of studies comparing the same treatments in amyloid-depositing vs. tau-depositing mice find the opposite effects. Treatments that benefit amyloid pathology accelerate tau pathology. This observation argues strongly that potential treatments be tested for impact on both amyloid and tau pathology before consideration of testing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Lee
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida
| | - Justin Rizer
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida
- Dept of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida
| | - Jerry B. Hunt
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida
| | - Maj-Linda B. Selenica
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida
- Dept of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida
| | - Dave Morgan
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida
- Dept of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida
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Selenica MLB, Brownlow M, Jimenez JP, Lee DC, Pena G, Dickey CA, Gordon MN, Morgan D. Amyloid oligomers exacerbate tau pathology in a mouse model of tauopathy. NEURODEGENER DIS 2012; 11:165-81. [PMID: 22796753 DOI: 10.1159/000337230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the influence of oligomeric forms of β-amyloid (Aβ) and the influence of the duration of exposure on the development of tau phosphorylation. METHODS Aβ oligomers were injected intracranially either acutely into 5-month-old rTg4510 mice and tissue was collected 3 days later, or chronically into 3-month-old mice and tissue was collected 2 months later. Several forms of phosphorylated tau (p-tau), GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3) and microglial and astrocyte activation were measured. RESULTS Acute injections of Aβ oligomers had no effect on p-tau epitopes but did result in elevation of phosphorylated/activated GSK3 (pGSK3). Chronic infusion of Aβ oligomers into the right hippocampus resulted in 3- to 4-fold elevations in several p-tau isoforms with no changes in total tau levels. A significant elevation in pGSK3 accompanied these changes. Microglial staining with CD68 paralleled the increase in tau phosphorylation, however, CD45 staining was unaffected by Aβ. Control experiments revealed that the infusion of Aβ from the minipumps was largely complete by 10 days after implantation. Thus, the elevation in p-tau 2 months after implantation implies that the changes are quite persistent. CONCLUSION Soluble Aβ(1-42) oligomers have long-lasting effects on tau phosphorylation in the rTg4510 model, possibly due to elevations in GSK3. These data suggest that even brief elevations in Aβ production, may have enduring impact on the risk for tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj-Linda B Selenica
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
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Nash K, Lee D, Morganti J, Gemma L, Bickford P, Gordon MN, Morgan D. O4‐12‐06: Fractalkine signalling decreases tau pathology in tau depositing mice. Alzheimers Dement 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Nash
- University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUnited States
| | - Daniel Lee
- University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUnited States
| | | | - Linella Gemma
- University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUnited States
| | | | | | - David Morgan
- University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUnited States
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Li Q, Lebson L, Lee DC, Nash K, Grimm J, Rosenthal A, Selenica MLB, Morgan D, Gordon MN. Chronological age impacts immunotherapy and monocyte uptake independent of amyloid load. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2011; 7:202-14. [PMID: 22198698 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-011-9329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
One vexing issue in biomedical research is the failure of many therapies to translate from success in animal models to effective treatment of human disease. One significant difference between the animal models and the human disease is the age of the subject. Cancer, stroke and Alzheimer's occur mainly in humans beyond the 75% mean survival age, while most mouse models use juvenile or young adult animals. Here we compare two mouse models of amyloid deposition, the Tg2576 APP model and the more aggressive APP+PS1 model in which a mutant presenilin1 gene is overexpressed with Tg2576. Middle-aged APP+PS1 mice and aged APP mice have similar degrees of amyloid pathology with a few differences that may partially explain some of the differences between the two age cohorts. The first study evaluated production of microhemorrhage by a monoclonal anti-Aβ antibody. We found that in spite of greater amyloid clearance in middle-aged APP+PS1 mice than aged APP mice, the microhemorrhage only developed in old animals. This argues that preclinical studies of immunotherapy in young or middle-aged mice may not predict this potential liability in clinical trials. A second study evaluated the infiltration of systemically injected GFP labeled monocytes into the CNS. Here we find that infiltration is greater in aged mice than middle-aged mice, in spite of greater total Aß staining in the middle-aged animals. We conclude that preclinical studies should be conducted in aged animal models as well as young mice to better prepare for unintended consequences in the human trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyou Li
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
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Wilcock DM, Morgan D, Gordon MN, Taylor TL, Ridnour LA, Wink DA, Colton CA. Activation of matrix metalloproteinases following anti-Aβ immunotherapy; implications for microhemorrhage occurrence. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:115. [PMID: 21906275 PMCID: PMC3182918 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-Aβ immunotherapy is a promising approach to the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently in clinical trials. There is extensive evidence, both in mice and humans that a significant adverse event is the occurrence of microhemorrhages. Also, vasogenic edema was reported in phase 2 of a passive immunization clinical trial. In order to overcome these vascular adverse effects it is critical that we understand the mechanism(s) by which they occur. Methods We have examined the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) protein degradation system in two previously published anti-Aβ immunotherapy studies. The first was a passive immunization study in which we examined 22 month old APPSw mice that had received anti-Aβ antibodies for 1, 2 or 3 months. The second is an active vaccination study in which we examined 16 month old APPSw/NOS2-/- mice treated with Aβ vaccination for 4 months. Results There is a significant activation of the MMP2 and MMP9 proteinase degradation systems by anti-Aβ immunotherapy, regardless of whether this is delivered through active vaccination or passive immunization. We have characterized this activation by gene expression, protein expression and zymography assessment of MMP activity. Conclusions Since the MMP2 and MMP9 systems are heavily implicated in the pathophysiology of intracerbral hemorrhage, these data may provide a potential mechanism of microhemorrhage due to immunotherapy. Increased activity of the MMP system, therefore, is likely to be a major factor in increased microhemorrhage occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Wilcock
- University of Kentucky Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Physiology, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Carty N, Lee D, Dickey C, Ceballos-Diaz C, Jansen-West K, Golde TE, Gordon MN, Morgan D, Nash K. Convection-enhanced delivery and systemic mannitol increase gene product distribution of AAV vectors 5, 8, and 9 and increase gene product in the adult mouse brain. J Neurosci Methods 2010; 194:144-53. [PMID: 20951738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors as a means of gene delivery to the central nervous system has emerged as a potentially viable method for the treatment of several types of degenerative brain diseases. However, a limitation of typical intracranial injections into the adult brain parenchyma is the relatively restricted distribution of the delivered gene to large brain regions such as the cortex, presumably due to confined dispersion of the injected particles. Optimizing the administration techniques to maximize gene distribution and gene expression is an important step in developing gene therapy studies. Here, we have found additive increases in distribution when 3 methods to increase brain distribution of rAAV were combined. The convection enhanced delivery (CED) method with the step-design cannula was used to deliver rAAV vector serotypes 5, 8 and 9 encoding GFP into the hippocampus of the mouse brain. While the CED method improved distribution of all 3 serotypes, the combination of rAAV9 and CED was particularly effective. Systemic mannitol administration, which reduces intracranial pressure, also further expanded distribution of GFP expression, in particular, increased expression on the contralateral hippocampi. These data suggest that combining advanced injection techniques with newer rAAV serotypes greatly improves viral vector distribution, which could have significant benefits for implementation of gene therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikisha Carty
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
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Selenica MLB, Nash K, Lee DC, Morgan D, Gordon MN. P3‐319: Brain infiltration of peripheral monocytes via AAV‐9 driven chemokine overexpression. Alzheimers Dement 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Nash
- Byrd Alzheimers Institute University of South FloridaTampa FL USA
| | - Daniel C. Lee
- Byrd Alzheimers Institute University of South FloridaTampa FL USA
| | - Dave Morgan
- Byrd Alzheimers Institute University of South FloridaTampa FL USA
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- Byrd Alzheimers Institute University of South FloridaTampa FL USA
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Li QY, Gordon MN, Chackerian B, Alamed J, Ugen KE, Morgan D. Virus-like peptide vaccines against Abeta N-terminal or C-terminal domains reduce amyloid deposition in APP transgenic mice without addition of adjuvant. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2010; 5:133-42. [PMID: 20066498 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-009-9183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy against the Abeta peptide is increasingly viewed as an effective means of preventing and even decreasing Abeta deposition in transgenic mouse models and human cases of Alzheimer's disease. A prior active immunization trial was halted due to adverse events which occurred subsequent to a change in the adjuvant used in the vaccine preparation. Although widely used in experimental studies, adjuvants available for use in vaccines intended for humans are limited. We compared two vaccine preparations in which an immunogenic bacteriophage was conjugated with either an N-terminal (Abeta1-9) or C-terminal (Abeta28-40) peptide sequence from the Abeta molecule. We found that both produced significant antibody titers without use of additional adjuvants. Surprisingly, the response to the N terminal sequence was comprised largely of a stable IgM response, while the C-terminal vaccine produced an IgG response with minimal IgM reactivity. Both of these immunogens reduced Abeta levels when tissues were examined 8 months after the first inoculation. These data demonstrate that (a) C-terminal specific vaccines can effectively lower Abeta and (b) IgM antibodies against Abeta may be capable of lowering Abeta, possibly through action in the brain rather than the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-you Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Ajmo JM, Bailey LA, Howell MD, Cortez LK, Pennypacker KR, Mehta HN, Morgan D, Gordon MN, Gottschall PE. Abnormal post-translational and extracellular processing of brevican in plaque-bearing mice over-expressing APPsw. J Neurochem 2010; 113:784-95. [PMID: 20180882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) in the forebrain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects may disturb the molecular organization of the extracellular microenvironment that modulates neural and synaptic plasticity. Proteoglycans are major components of this extracellular environment. To test the hypothesis that Abeta, or another amyloid precursor protein (APP) dependent mechanism modifies the accumulation and/or turnover of extracellular proteoglycans, we examined whether the expression and processing of brevican, an abundant extracellular, chondroitin sulfate (CS)-bearing proteoglycan, were altered in brains of Abeta-depositing transgenic mice (APPsw - APP gene bearing the Swedish mutation) as a model of AD. The molecular size of CS chains attached to brevican was smaller in hippocampal tissue from APPsw mice bearing Abeta deposits compared to non-transgenic mice, likely because of changes in the CS chains. Also, the abundance of the major proteolytic fragment of brevican was markedly diminished in extracts from several telencephalic regions of APPsw mice compared to non-transgenic mice, yet these immunoreactive fragments appeared to accumulate adjacent to the plaque edge. These results suggest that Abeta or APP exert inhibitory effects on proteolytic cleavage mechanisms responsible for synthesis and turnover of proteoglycans. As proteoglycans stabilize synaptic structure and inhibit molecular plasticity, defective brevican processing observed in Abeta-bearing mice and potentially end-stage human AD, may contribute to deficient neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Ajmo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Morgan D, Munireddy S, Alamed J, DeLeon J, Diamond DM, Bickford P, Hutton M, Lewis J, McGowan E, Gordon MN. Apparent Behavioral Benefits of Tau Overexpression in P301L Tau Transgenic Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:605-14. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-2008-15407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dave Morgan
- Alzheimer Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sanjay Munireddy
- Alzheimer Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Alamed
- Alzheimer Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jason DeLeon
- Alzheimer Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - David M. Diamond
- Departments of Psychology, Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research on PTSD, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans Administration Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paula Bickford
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair and Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans Administration Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Hutton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jada Lewis
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Eileen McGowan
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Marcia N. Gordon
- Alzheimer Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Abstract
Recent data suggest that amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice consume excess calories relative to nontransgenic mice, yet they weigh less. Potential explanations include increased locomotor activity or increased basal metabolism. Mechanisms that might underlie the latter explanation include transmembrane pores produced by assemblies of A beta modifying proton or ion gradients across membranes. Alzheimer's disease also results in weight loss. If amyloid were found to induce a hypermetabolic state, this would suggest an alternative mechanism for the pathology found in the disease and provide opportunities for therapeutic strategies not yet considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Morgan
- Alzheimer Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Florida, USA.
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Karlnoski RA, Rosenthal A, Alamed J, Ronan V, Gordon MN, Gottschall PE, Grimm J, Pons J, Morgan D. Deglycosylated anti-Abeta antibody dose-response effects on pathology and memory in APP transgenic mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2008; 3:187-97. [PMID: 18607758 PMCID: PMC5072283 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-008-9114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Abeta antibody administration to amyloid-depositing transgenic mice can reverse amyloid pathology and restore memory function. However, in old mice, these treatments also increase vascular leakage and promote formation of vascular amyloid deposits. Deglycosylated antibodies with reduced affinity for Fcgamma receptors and complement are associated with reduced vascular amyloid and microhemorrhage while retaining amyloid-clearing and memory-enhancing properties of native intact antibodies. In the current experiment, we investigated the effect of 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg of deglycosylated antibody (D-2H6) on amyloid pathology and cognitive behavior in old Tg2576 mice. We found that low doses of deglycosylated antibody appear more efficacious than higher doses in reducing pathology and memory loss in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice. These data suggest that excess antibody unbound to antigen can interfere with antibody-mediated Abeta clearance, possibly by saturating the FcRn antibody transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Karlnoski
- School of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Alzheimer's Research Laboratory, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MDC Box 8, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA.
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Li QY, Gordon MN, Chackerian B, Alamed J, Ugen KE, Morgan D. P2‐342: Vaccination of amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice with a bacteriophage‐based short amyloid‐β peptide vaccines without adjuvant induce a strong Th2‐type anti‐amyloid‐β IgG and IgM response and reduce amyloid‐β burden. Alzheimers Dement 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2008.05.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Alamed J, Wilcock DM, Diamond DM, Gordon MN, Morgan D. Two-day radial-arm water maze learning and memory task; robust resolution of amyloid-related memory deficits in transgenic mice. Nat Protoc 2007; 1:1671-9. [PMID: 17487150 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The radial arm water maze (RAWM) contains six swim paths (arms) extending out of an open central area, with an escape platform located at the end of one arm (the goal arm). The goal arm location remains constant for a given mouse. On day 1, mice are trained for 15 trials (spaced over 3 h), with trials alternating between visible and hidden platform. On day 2, mice are trained for 15 trials with the hidden platform. Entry into an incorrect arm is scored as an error. The RAWM has the spatial complexity and performance measurement simplicity of the dry radial arm maze combined with the rapid learning and strong motivation observed in the Morris water maze without requiring foot shock or food deprivation as motivating factors. With two sessions each day, 16 mice can be tested over 2 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Alamed
- Alzheimer's Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Basic Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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Abstract
In the current protocol, we describe the Congo red staining method and a method for separately quantifying vascular and parenchymal amyloid deposits in brain tissue sections. Congo red staining detects amyloid deposits in brain tissue of amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice and human Alzheimer's tissue. It detects compacted amyloid in a beta-sheet secondary structure and labels amyloid in both the brain parenchyma (amyloid plaques) and blood vessels. Congophilic amyloid in blood vessels is called cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). To date, analysis of CAA has largely used a severity rating scale, including both qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Here, we describe a simple method for quantifying total Congophilic staining and resolution of this staining into the parenchymal and vascular components based on morphological criteria. It is becoming increasingly important to separately quantify various components of the Alzheimer's pathology, given the advancement of amyloid-lowering therapies into clinical trials. The entire procedure for the Congo red staining can be performed at room temperature (20-25 degrees C) in a fume hood. The staining protocol should take 1 h 30 min including time for coverslipping slides. Time required for image analysis depends greatly on the number of samples being analyzed and the software being used. In our hands, 30 images can be collected per hour and quantified in a further 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Wilcock
- Alzheimer's Research Laboratory, School of Basic Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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Golub MS, Germann SL, Mercer M, Gordon MN, Morgan DG, Mayer LP, Hoyer PB. Behavioral consequences of ovarian atrophy and estrogen replacement in the APPswe mouse. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 29:1512-23. [PMID: 17451844 PMCID: PMC2710812 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2006] [Revised: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive performance was evaluated in a longitudinal study of APPswe2576 transgenic mice (APP) and a wildtype (WT) comparison group. Subgroups of the APP mice were treated with the ovarian toxicant 4-vinylcyclo-hexene diepoxide (VCD) at 60-75 days of age to induce ovarian atrophy and/or given estrogen (estradiol, 4 microg/day) continuously by pellet from 76 days of age. APP mice had a generally poorer radial maze performance than WT at 4.5, 7.5, 10.5 and 15 months of age. In separate tests, APP mice had a slight motor impairment, higher incidence of homecage stereotypy, hyperactivity in an open field and reduced object exploration relative to the WT group. Ovarian atrophy led to better maze performance at 7.5 months. The effect of estrogen on maze performance with aging could not be effectively evaluated due to poor survival (30%) of these mice. No effects of ovarian atrophy or estrogen treatment were identified for amyloid-beta accumulation or plaque formation at 15 months. Long-term longitudinal studies in animal models are needed to explore the consequences of menopause and hormone replacement on Alzheimer's disease, but they are complicated by considerations of survival, pre-aging deficits, testing experience and selection of appropriate estrogen treatment levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari S Golub
- Murine Behavioral Assessment Laboratory, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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