2
|
Vergara A, De Felice M, Cesaro A, Gragnano F, Pariggiano I, Golia E, De Pasquale A, Blasi E, Fimiani F, Monda E, Limongelli G, Calabrò P. Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Myocarditis: Where We Are and Where We Will Go. Angiology 2023:33197231201929. [PMID: 37699402 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231201929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are specific monoclonal antibodies directed against inhibitory targets of the immune system, mainly represented by programmed death-1 (PD1) ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), thus enabling an amplified T-cell-mediated immune response against cancer cells. These drugs have significantly improved prognosis in patients with advanced metastatic cancer (e.g., melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma). However, uncontrolled activation of anti-tumor T-cells could trigger an excessive immune response, possibly responsible for multi-organ damage, including, among others, lymphocytic myocarditis. The incidence of ICIs-induced myocarditis is underestimated and the patients affected are poorly characterized. The diagnosis and management of this condition are mainly based on expert opinion and case reports. EKG and ultrasound are tests that can help identify patients at risk of myocarditis during treatment by red flags, such as QRS complex enlargement and narrowing of global longitudinal strain (GLS). Therapy of ICI-related myocarditis is based on immunosuppressors, monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins. A future strategy could involve the use of microRNAs. This review considers the current state of the art of immune-related adverse cardiovascular events, focusing on histological and clinical features, diagnosis and management, including current treatments and future pharmacological targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vergara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. 'Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano', Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco De Felice
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
- Division of Oncology, A.O.R.N. 'Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano', Caserta, Italy
| | - Arturo Cesaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. 'Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano', Caserta, Italy
| | - Felice Gragnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. 'Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano', Caserta, Italy
| | - Ivana Pariggiano
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. 'Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano', Caserta, Italy
| | - Enrica Golia
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. 'Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano', Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio De Pasquale
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. 'Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano', Caserta, Italy
| | - Ettore Blasi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. 'Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano', Caserta, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, A.O.R.N. Dei Colli "V. Monaldi", Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Monda
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
- Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, A.O.R.N. Dei Colli "V. Monaldi", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
- Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, A.O.R.N. Dei Colli "V. Monaldi", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta, Italy
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. 'Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano', Caserta, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pisapia P, Iaccarino A, De Luca C, Acanfora G, Bellevicine C, Bianco R, Daniele B, Ciampi L, De Felice M, Fabozzi T, Formisano L, Giordano P, Gridelli C, Ianniello GP, Libroia A, Maione P, Nacchio M, Pagni F, Palmieri G, Pepe F, Russo G, Salatiello M, Santaniello A, Scamarcio R, Seminati D, Troia M, Troncone G, Vigliar E, Malapelle U. Evaluation of the Molecular Landscape in PD-L1 Positive Metastatic NSCLC: Data from Campania, Italy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158541. [PMID: 35955681 PMCID: PMC9369105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have increased and improved the treatment options for patients with non-oncogene-addicted advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role of ICIs in oncogene-addicted advanced stage NSCLC patients is still debated. In this study, in an attempt to fill in the informational gap on the effect of ICIs on other driver mutations, we set out to provide a molecular landscape of clinically relevant oncogenic drivers in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive NSCLC patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on 167 advanced stage NSCLC PD-L1 positive patients (≥1%) who were referred to our clinic for molecular evaluation of five driver oncogenes, namely, EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ALK and ROS1. Results: Interestingly, n = 93 (55.7%) patients showed at least one genomic alteration within the tested genes. Furthermore, analyzing a subset of patients with PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 50% and concomitant gene alterations (n = 8), we found that n = 3 (37.5%) of these patients feature clinical benefit with ICIs administration, despite the presence of a concomitant KRAS gene alteration. Conclusions: In this study, we provide a molecular landscape of clinically relevant biomarkers in NSCLC PD-L1 positive patients, along with data evidencing the clinical benefit of ICIs in patient NSCLC PD-L1 positive alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Pisapia
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Iaccarino
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina De Luca
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Acanfora
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellevicine
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Bianco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Daniele
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Ciampi
- Department of Pathology, Ente Ecclesiastico Ospedale Generale Regionale F. Miulli, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Marco De Felice
- Department of Oncology, A.O.R.N. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Gridelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, "S.G. Moscati" Hospital, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Libroia
- Oncology Unit, "Andrea Tortora" Hospital, ASL Salerno, 84016 Pagani, Italy
| | - Paolo Maione
- Division of Medical Oncology, "S.G. Moscati" Hospital, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Nacchio
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Pagni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanna Palmieri
- Department of Pathology, Ente Ecclesiastico Ospedale Generale Regionale F. Miulli, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Francesco Pepe
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Russo
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Salatiello
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Santaniello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rachele Scamarcio
- Department of Pathology, Ente Ecclesiastico Ospedale Generale Regionale F. Miulli, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Davide Seminati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pathology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Michele Troia
- Department of Pathology, Ente Ecclesiastico Ospedale Generale Regionale F. Miulli, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Vigliar
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ottaviano M, Curvietto M, Rescigno P, Tortora M, Palmieri G, Giannarelli D, Aieta M, Assalone P, Attademo L, Avallone A, Bloise F, Bosso D, Borzillo V, Buono G, Calderoni G, Caputo F, Cartenì G, Cavallero D, Cavo A, Ciardiello F, Conca R, Conteduca V, De Falco S, De Felice M, De Laurentiis M, De Placido P, De Placido S, De Santo I, De Stefano A, Della Corte CM, Di Franco R, Di Lauro V, Fabbrocini A, Federico P, Festino L, Giordano P, Giuliano M, Gridelli C, Grimaldi AM, Lia M, Marretta AL, Massa V, Mennitto A, Merler S, Merz V, Messina C, Messina M, Milano M, Minisini AM, Montesarchio V, Morabito A, Morgillo F, Mucci B, Nappi L, Napolitano F, Paciolla I, Pagliuca M, Palmieri G, Parola S, Pepe S, Petrillo A, Piantedosi F, Piccin L, Picozzi F, Pietroluongo E, Pignata S, Prati V, Riccio V, Rosanova M, Rossi A, Russo A, Salati M, Santabarbara G, Sbrana A, Simeone E, Silvestri A, Spada M, Tarantino P, Taveggia P, Tomei F, Vincenzo T, Trapani D, Trojanello C, Vanella V, Vari S, Ventriglia J, Vitale MG, Vitiello F, Vivaldi C, von Arx C, Zacchi F, Zampiva I, Zivi A, Daniele B, Ascierto PA. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on cancer immunotherapy in Italy: a survey of young oncologists. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001154. [PMID: 33060148 PMCID: PMC7565202 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has overwhelmed the health systems worldwide. Data regarding the impact of COVID-19 on cancer patients (CPs) undergoing or candidate for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are lacking. We depicted the practice and adaptations in the management of patients with solid tumors eligible or receiving ICIs during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a special focus on Campania region. Methods This survey (25 questions), promoted by the young section of SCITO (Società Campana di ImmunoTerapia Oncologica) Group, was circulated among Italian young oncologists practicing in regions variously affected by the pandemic: high (group 1), medium (group 2) and low (group 3) prevalence of SARS-CoV-2–positive patients. For Campania region, the physician responders were split into those working in cancer centers (CC), university hospitals (UH) and general hospitals (GH). Percentages of agreement, among High (H) versus Medium (M) and versus Low (L) group for Italy and among CC, UH and GH for Campania region, were compared by using Fisher’s exact tests for dichotomous answers and χ2 test for trends relative to the questions with 3 or more options. Results This is the first Italian study to investigate the COVID-19 impact on cancer immunotherapy, unique in its type and very clear in the results. The COVID-19 pandemic seemed not to affect the standard practice in the prescription and delivery of ICIs in Italy. Telemedicine was widely used. There was high consensus to interrupt immunotherapy in SARS-CoV-2–positive patients and to adopt ICIs with longer schedule interval. The majority of the responders tended not to delay the start of ICIs; there were no changes in supportive treatments, but some of the physicians opted for delaying surgeries (if part of patients’ planned treatment approach). The results from responders in Campania did not differ significantly from the national ones. Conclusion Our study highlights the efforts of Italian oncologists to maintain high standards of care for CPs treated with ICIs, regardless the regional prevalence of COVID-19, suggesting the adoption of similar solutions. Research on patients treated with ICIs and experiencing COVID-19 will clarify the safety profile to continue the treatments, thus informing on the most appropriate clinical conducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Ottaviano
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Napoli, Campania, Italy.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II and CRCTR Coordinating Rare Tumors Reference Center of Campania Region, AOU Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcello Curvietto
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Rescigno
- Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marianna Tortora
- CRCTR Coordinating Rare Tumors Reference Center of Campania Region, AOU Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Giovannella Palmieri
- CRCTR Coordinating Rare Tumors Reference Center of Campania Region, AOU Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Michele Aieta
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS-CROB Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Basilicata, Italy
| | - Pasquale Assalone
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale Ferdinando Veneziale, Isernia, Molise, Italy
| | - Laura Attademo
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Antonio Avallone
- Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina Borzillo
- Department of Radioterapia, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Buono
- Oncology Unit, San Rocco Hospital, Sessa Aurunca, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Caputo
- U.O.C. Oncologia, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cartenì
- Department of Medical Oncology, AORN "A. Cardarelli", Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Cavo
- Oncology Unit, Villa Scassi Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Raffaele Conca
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS-CROB Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Basilicata, Italy
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Stefano De Falco
- Oncology Unit, Sant'Ottone Frangipane Hospital, Avellino, Campania, Italy
| | - Marco De Felice
- Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, Campania, Italy.,Oncology Unit, Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Pietro De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- CRCTR Coordinating Rare Tumors Reference Center of Campania Region, AOU Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Irene De Santo
- Oncology Unit, Gemelli Molise s.p.a, Campobasso, Molise, Italy
| | - Alfonso De Stefano
- Abdominal Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Carminia Maria Della Corte
- Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Franco
- Department of Radioterapia, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lauro
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucia Festino
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Mario Giuliano
- CRCTR Coordinating Rare Tumors Reference Center of Campania Region, AOU Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Cesare Gridelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, "San Giuseppe Moscati" Hospital, Avellino, Campania, Italy
| | - Antonio Maria Grimaldi
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Michela Lia
- Oncology Unit, SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Piemonte, Italy
| | - Antonella Lucia Marretta
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Valentina Massa
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | - Alessia Mennitto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Sara Merler
- Department of Oncology, University of Verona, Verona, Veneto, Italy
| | - Valeria Merz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Trentino Alto Adige, Italy
| | - Carlo Messina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Trentino Alto Adige, Italy
| | - Marco Messina
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, Palermo, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Monica Milano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marco Minisini
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Friuli Centrale, Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Montesarchio
- U.O.C. Oncologia, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morabito
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Floriana Morgillo
- Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Brigitta Mucci
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Lucia Nappi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada and British Columbia Cancer Agency-Vancouver Center-Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fabiana Napolitano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Immacolata Paciolla
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù Fatebenefratelli, Benevento, Campania, Italy
| | - Martina Pagliuca
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Institute of Research on Genetics and Biomedicine (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Sassari, Sardegna, Italy
| | - Sara Parola
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Stefano Pepe
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Oncology Unit, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Campania, Italy
| | - Angelica Petrillo
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, Napoli, Italy.,Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Francovito Piantedosi
- U.O.C. Pneumologia Oncologica, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | - Luisa Piccin
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Veneto, Italy
| | - Fernanda Picozzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Erica Pietroluongo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Sandro Pignata
- Department of Urology and Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Riccio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Alice Rossi
- Department of Oncology, University of Verona, Verona, Veneto, Italy
| | - Anna Russo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Salati
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital Modena, Modena, Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santabarbara
- Division of Medical Oncology, "San Giuseppe Moscati" Hospital, Avellino, Campania, Italy
| | - Andrea Sbrana
- Medical Oncology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Toscana, Italy
| | - Ester Simeone
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Spada
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione Istituto San Raffaele G Giglio di Cefalu, Cefalu, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Paolo Tarantino
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | | | - Federica Tomei
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale Ferdinando Veneziale, Isernia, Molise, Italy
| | - Tortora Vincenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Campania, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Oncology Unit, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Campania, Italy
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Claudia Trojanello
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Vito Vanella
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Vari
- Medical Oncology 1 Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Jole Ventriglia
- Oncology Division, ASL San Felice a Cancello, Caserta, Campania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Vitale
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy.,Department of Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Friuli Centrale, Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
| | - Fabiana Vitiello
- U.O.C. Pneumologia Oncologica, Azienda Ospedaliera dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Claudia von Arx
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Francesca Zacchi
- Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Verona, sede Borgo Roma, Verona, Veneto, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zampiva
- Oncology Unit, Università degli Studi di Verona, sede Borgo Roma, Verona, Veneto, Italy
| | - Andrea Zivi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK.,Medical Oncology Department, AOUI di Verona, Verona, Veneto, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Antonio Ascierto
- Unit of Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|