1
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Buse M, Cheng M, Jankowski V, Lellig M, Sterzer V, Strieder T, Leuchtle K, Martin IV, Seikrit C, Brinkkoettter P, Crispatzu G, Floege J, Boor P, Speer T, Kramann R, Ostendorf T, Moeller MJ, Costa IG, Stamellou E. Lineage tracing reveals transient phenotypic adaptation of tubular cells during acute kidney injury. iScience 2024; 27:109255. [PMID: 38444605 PMCID: PMC10914483 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Tubular injury is the hallmark of acute kidney injury (AKI) with a tremendous impact on patients and health-care systems. During injury, any differentiated proximal tubular cell (PT) may transition into a specific injured phenotype, so-called "scattered tubular cell" (STC)-phenotype. To understand the fate of this specific phenotype, we generated transgenic mice allowing inducible, reversible, and irreversible tagging of these cells in a murine AKI model, the unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). For lineage tracing, we analyzed the kidneys using single-cell profiling during disease development at various time points. Labeled cells, which we defined by established endogenous markers, already appeared 8 h after injury and showed a distinct expression set of genes. We show that STCs re-differentiate back into fully differentiated PTs upon the resolution of the injury. In summary, we show the dynamics of the phenotypic transition of PTs during injury, revealing a reversible transcriptional program as an adaptive response during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Buse
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mingbo Cheng
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michaela Lellig
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Viktor Sterzer
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thiago Strieder
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Leuchtle
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ina V. Martin
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Seikrit
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul Brinkkoettter
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Giuliano Crispatzu
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Timotheus Speer
- Medical Clinic 4, Nephrology, University of Frankfurt und Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tammo Ostendorf
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J. Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G. Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eleni Stamellou
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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2
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Chia-Gil A, Floege J, Stamellou E, Moeller MJ. Perihilar FSGS lesions originate from flat parietal epithelial cells. J Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s40620-024-01886-y. [PMID: 38300433 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-024-01886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Chia-Gil
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eleni Stamellou
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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3
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Stamellou E, Agrawal S, Siegerist F, Buse M, Kuppe C, Lange T, Buhl EM, Alam J, Strieder T, Boor P, Ostendorf T, Gröne HJ, Floege J, Smoyer WE, Endlich N, Moeller MJ. Inhibition of the glucocorticoid receptor attenuates proteinuric kidney diseases in multiple species. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023:gfad254. [PMID: 38037533 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Glucocorticoids are the treatment of choice for proteinuric patients with minimal-change disease (MCD) and primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Immunosuppressive as well as direct effects on podocytes are believed to mediate their actions. In this study, we analyzed the anti-proteinuric effects of inhibition of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in glomerular epithelial cells, including podocytes. METHODS We employed genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit the GR. Genetically, we used Pax8-Cre/GRfl/fl mice to specifically inactivate the GR in kidney epithelial cells. Pharmacologically, we utilized a glucocorticoid antagonist called mifepristone. RESULTS Genetic inactivation of GR, specifically in kidney epithelial cells, using Pax8-Cre/GRfl/fl mice, ameliorated proteinuria following protein overload. We further tested the effects of pharmacological GR inhibition in three models and species: the puromycin-aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis model in rats, the protein overload model in mice and the inducible transgenic NTR/MTZ zebrafish larvae with specific and reversible podocyte injury. In all three models, both pharmacological GR activation and inhibition consistently and significantly ameliorated proteinuria. Additionally, we translated our findings to humans, where three nephrotic adult patients with MCD or primary FSGS with contraindications or insufficient responses to corticosteroids, were treated with mifepristone. This treatment resulted in a clinically relevant reduction of proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS Thus, across multiple species and proteinuria models, both genetic and pharmacological GR inhibition was at least as effective as pronounced GR activation. While, the mechanism remains perplexing, GR inhibition may be a novel and targeted therapeutic approach to treat glomerular proteinuria potentially bypassing adverse actions of steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Stamellou
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Florian Siegerist
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marc Buse
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Lange
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Institute of Pathology and Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Alam
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thiago Strieder
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tammo Ostendorf
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - William E Smoyer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH,USA
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- NIPOKA, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Oubounyt M, Elkjaer ML, Laske T, Grønning AGB, Moeller MJ, Baumbach J. De-novo reconstruction and identification of transcriptional gene regulatory network modules differentiating single-cell clusters. NAR Genom Bioinform 2023; 5:lqad018. [PMID: 36879901 PMCID: PMC9985332 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand gene functions and interactions at single-cell resolution. While computational tools for scRNA-seq data analysis to decipher differential gene expression profiles and differential pathway expression exist, we still lack methods to learn differential regulatory disease mechanisms directly from the single-cell data. Here, we provide a new methodology, named DiNiro, to unravel such mechanisms de novo and report them as small, easily interpretable transcriptional regulatory network modules. We demonstrate that DiNiro is able to uncover novel, relevant, and deep mechanistic models that not just predict but explain differential cellular gene expression programs. DiNiro is available at https://exbio.wzw.tum.de/diniro/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhaned Oubounyt
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Maria L Elkjaer
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tanja Laske
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander G B Grønning
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Heisenberg Chair of Preventive and Translational Nephrology, Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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5
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Buse M, Moeller MJ, Stamellou E. What We Have Learned so far From Single Cell Sequencing in Acute Kidney Injury. Front Physiol 2022; 13:933677. [PMID: 35755431 PMCID: PMC9217124 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.933677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Kidney injury is a major clinical problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Despite, intensive research the clinical outcome remains poor and apart from supportive therapy no other specific therapy exists. Single cell technologies have enabled us to get deeper insights into the transcriptome of individual cells in complex tissues like the kidney. With respect to kidney injury, this would allow us to better define the unique role of individual cell populations in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury and progression to chronic kidney disease. In this mini review, we would like to give an overview and discuss the current major findings in the field of acute kidney injury through Single-Cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Buse
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eleni Stamellou
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Moeller MJ, Kramann R, Lammers T, Hoppe B, Latz E, Ludwig-Portugall I, Boor P, Floege J, Kurts C, Weiskirchen R, Ostendorf T. New Aspects of Kidney Fibrosis-From Mechanisms of Injury to Modulation of Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:814497. [PMID: 35096904 PMCID: PMC8790098 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.814497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ fibrogenesis is characterized by a common pathophysiological final pathway independent of the underlying progressive disease of the respective organ. This makes it particularly suitable as a therapeutic target. The Transregional Collaborative Research Center “Organ Fibrosis: From Mechanisms of Injury to Modulation of Disease” (referred to as SFB/TRR57) was hosted from 2009 to 2021 by the Medical Faculties of RWTH Aachen University and the University of Bonn. This consortium had the ultimate goal of discovering new common but also different fibrosis pathways in the liver and kidneys. It finally successfully identified new mechanisms and established novel therapeutic approaches to interfere with hepatic and renal fibrosis. This review covers the consortium's key kidney-related findings, where three overarching questions were addressed: (i) What are new relevant mechanisms and signaling pathways triggering renal fibrosis? (ii) What are new immunological mechanisms, cells and molecules that contribute to renal fibrosis?, and finally (iii) How can renal fibrosis be modulated?
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Heisenberg Chair for Preventive and Translational Nephrology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoppe
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Hyperoxaluria Center, Pediatric Kidney Care Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Isis Ludwig-Portugall
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tammo Ostendorf
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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7
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Miesen L, Bándi P, Willemsen B, Mooren F, Strieder T, Boldrini E, Drenic V, Eymael J, Wetzels R, Lotz J, Weiss N, Steenbergen E, van Kuppevelt TH, van Erp M, van der Laak J, Endlich N, Moeller MJ, Wetzels JF, Jansen J, Smeets B. Parietal epithelial cells maintain the epithelial cell continuum forming Bowman's space in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Dis Model Mech 2021; 15:273803. [PMID: 34927672 PMCID: PMC8938403 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the glomerulus, Bowman's space is formed by a continuum of glomerular epithelial cells. In focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), glomeruli show segmental scarring, a result of activated parietal epithelial cells (PECs) invading the glomerular tuft. The segmental scars interrupt the epithelial continuum. However, non-sclerotic segments seem to be preserved even in glomeruli with advanced lesions. We studied the histology of the segmental pattern in Munich Wistar Frömter rats, a model for secondary FSGS. Our results showed that matrix layers lined with PECs cover the sclerotic lesions. These PECs formed contacts with podocytes of the uninvolved tuft segments, restoring the epithelial continuum. Formed Bowman's spaces were still connected to the tubular system. In biopsies of patients with secondary FSGS, we also detected matrix layers formed by PECs, separating the uninvolved from the sclerotic glomerular segments. PECs have a major role in the formation of glomerulosclerosis; we show here that in FSGS they also restore the glomerular epithelial cell continuum that surrounds Bowman's space. This process may be beneficial and indispensable for glomerular filtration in the uninvolved segments of sclerotic glomeruli. Summary: Histological analysis of rat and human kidneys reveals a novel role for parietal epithelial cells (PECs) in glomerulosclerosis. PECs seem to restore the glomerular epithelial continuum, which may avert further loss of glomerular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Miesen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Péter Bándi
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Brigith Willemsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fieke Mooren
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thiago Strieder
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Boldrini
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer Eymael
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roy Wetzels
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Lotz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nick Weiss
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eric Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Toin H. van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Merijn van Erp
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van der Laak
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Endlich
- NIPOKA GmbH, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus J. Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Jack F.M. Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud univerity medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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8
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Abstract
Acute tubular injury accounts for the most common intrinsic cause for acute kidney injury. Normally, the tubular epithelium is mitotically quiescent. However, upon injury, it can show a brisk capacity to regenerate and repair. The scattered tubular cell (STC) phenotype was discovered as a uniform reaction of tubule cells triggered by injury. The STC phenotype is characterized by a unique protein expression profile, increased robustness during tubular damage and increased proliferation. Nevertheless, the exact origin and identity of these cells have been unveiled only in part. Here, we discuss the classical concept of renal regeneration. According to this model, surviving cells dedifferentiate and divide to replace neighbouring lost tubular cells. However, this view has been challenged by the concept of a pre-existing and fixed population of intratubular progenitor cells. This review presents a significant body of previous work and animal studies using lineage-tracing methods that have investigated the regeneration of tubular cells. We review the experimental findings and discuss whether they support the progenitor hypothesis or the classical concept of renal tubular regeneration. We come to the conclusion that any proximal tubular cell may differentiate into the regenerative STC phenotype upon injury thus contributing to regeneration, and these cells differentiate back into tubular cells once regeneration is finished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Stamellou
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Leuchtle
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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9
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Strieder T, Puelles VG, Vogt M, Buhl EM, Saritas T, Hausmann R, Sterzer V, Leuchtle K, Boor P, Floege J, Moeller MJ, Stamellou E. Effects of Perfusion Pressures on Podocyte Loss in the Isolated Perfused Mouse Kidney. Cell Physiol Biochem 2021; 55:1-12. [PMID: 33851800 DOI: 10.33594/000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Podocytes are lost in most glomerular diseases, leading to glomerulosclerosis and progressive kidney disease. It is generally assumed, that podocytes are exposed to the filtration flow and thus to significant shear forces driving their detachment from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). In this context, foot process effacement has been proposed as potential adaptive response to increase adhesion of podocytes to the GBM. METHODS We have tested these hypotheses using optical clearing and high-resolution 3-dimensional morphometric analysis in the isolated perfused murine kidney. We investigated the dynamics of podocyte detachment at different perfusion pressures (50, 300 and more than 450 mmHg) in healthy young or old mice (20 vs. 71 weeks of age), or mice injected with anti-GBM serum to induce global foot process effacement. RESULTS Results show that healthy podocytes in young mice are tightly attached onto the GBM and even supramaximal pressures did not cause significant detachment. Compared to young mice, in aged mice and mice with anti-GBM nephritis and foot process effacement, gradual progressive loss of podocytes had occurred already before perfusion. High perfusion pressures resulted in a relatively minor additional loss of podocytes in aged mice. In mice with anti-GBM nephritis significant additional podocyte loss occurred at this early time point when increasing perfusion pressures to 300 mmHg or higher. CONCLUSION This work provides the first experimental evidence that podocytes are extraordinarily resistant to acutely increased perfusion pressures in an ex vivo isolated kidney perfusion model. Only in glomerular disease, significant numbers of injured podocytes detached following acute increases in perfusion pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Strieder
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Victor G Puelles
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Vogt
- Core Facility "Two-Photon Imaging" IZKF Aachen, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva M Buhl
- Institute of Pathology and Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Turgay Saritas
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Hausmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Viktor Sterzer
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Leuchtle
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany,
| | - Eleni Stamellou
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany, .,Institute of Pathology and Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Arnaldo Chia-Gil
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
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11
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Meister FA, Czigany Z, Rietzler K, Miller H, Reichelt S, Liu WJ, Boecker J, Moeller MJ, Tolba RH, Hamesch K, Strnad P, Boor P, Stoppe C, Neumann UP, Lurje G. Decrease of renal resistance during hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion is associated with early allograft function in extended criteria donation kidney transplantation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17726. [PMID: 33082420 PMCID: PMC7575556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74839-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) was recently tested in preclinical trials in kidney transplantation (KT). Here we investigate the effects of HOPE on extended-criteria-donation (ECD) kidney allografts (KA). Fifteen ECD-KA were submitted to 152 ± 92 min of end-ischemic HOPE and were compared to a matched group undergoing conventional-cold-storage (CCS) KT (n = 30). Primary (delayed graft function-DGF) and secondary (e.g. postoperative complications, perfusion parameters) endpoints were analyzed within 6-months follow-up. There was no difference in the development of DGF between the HOPE and CCS groups (53% vs. 33%, respectively; p = 0.197). Serum urea was lower following HOPE compared to CCS (p = 0.003), whereas the CCS group displayed lower serum creatinine and higher eGFR rates on postoperative days (POD) 7 and 14. The relative decrease of renal vascular resistance (RR) following HOPE showed a significant inverse association with serum creatinine on POD1 (r = − 0.682; p = 0.006) as well as with serum urea and eGFR. Besides, the relative RR decrease was more prominent in KA with primary function when compared to KA with DGF (p = 0.013). Here we provide clinical evidence on HOPE in ECD-KT after brain death donation. Relative RR may be a useful predictive marker for KA function. Further validation in randomized controlled trials is warranted. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03378817, Date of first registration: 20/12/2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska A Meister
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Rietzler
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Miller
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sophie Reichelt
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wen-Jia Liu
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joerg Boecker
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rene H Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karim Hamesch
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Lurje
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. .,Department of Surgery, Chirugische Klinik, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow Klinikum-Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Madhusudhan T, Ghosh S, Wang H, Dong W, Gupta D, Elwakiel A, Stoyanov S, Al-Dabet MM, Krishnan S, Biemann R, Nazir S, Zimmermann S, Mathew A, Gadi I, Rana R, Zeng-Brouwers J, Moeller MJ, Schaefer L, Esmon CT, Kohli S, Reiser J, Rezaie AR, Ruf W, Isermann B. Podocyte Integrin- β 3 and Activated Protein C Coordinately Restrict RhoA Signaling and Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1762-1780. [PMID: 32709711 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019111163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (dNP), now the leading cause of ESKD, lacks efficient therapies. Coagulation protease-dependent signaling modulates dNP, in part via the G protein-coupled, protease-activated receptors (PARs). Specifically, the cytoprotective protease-activated protein C (aPC) protects from dNP, but the mechanisms are not clear. METHODS A combination of in vitro approaches and mouse models evaluated the role of aPC-integrin interaction and related signaling in dNP. RESULTS The zymogen protein C and aPC bind to podocyte integrin-β 3, a subunit of integrin-α v β 3. Deficiency of this integrin impairs thrombin-mediated generation of aPC on podocytes. The interaction of aPC with integrin-α v β 3 induces transient binding of integrin-β 3 with G α13 and controls PAR-dependent RhoA signaling in podocytes. Binding of aPC to integrin-β 3 via its RGD sequence is required for the temporal restriction of RhoA signaling in podocytes. In podocytes lacking integrin-β 3, aPC induces sustained RhoA activation, mimicking the effect of thrombin. In vivo, overexpression of wild-type aPC suppresses pathologic renal RhoA activation and protects against dNP. Disrupting the aPC-integrin-β 3 interaction by specifically deleting podocyte integrin-β 3 or by abolishing aPC's integrin-binding RGD sequence enhances RhoA signaling in mice with high aPC levels and abolishes aPC's nephroprotective effect. Pharmacologic inhibition of PAR1, the pivotal thrombin receptor, restricts RhoA activation and nephroprotects RGE-aPChigh and wild-type mice.Conclusions aPC-integrin-α v β 3 acts as a rheostat, controlling PAR1-dependent RhoA activation in podocytes in diabetic nephropathy. These results identify integrin-α v β 3 as an essential coreceptor for aPC that is required for nephroprotective aPC-PAR signaling in dNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thati Madhusudhan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany .,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanchita Ghosh
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dheerendra Gupta
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ahmed Elwakiel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stoyan Stoyanov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Moh'd Mohanad Al-Dabet
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Amman, Jordan
| | - Shruthi Krishnan
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sumra Nazir
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Silke Zimmermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Akash Mathew
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ihsan Gadi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rajiv Rana
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital and Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University Hospital of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen University of Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital and Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Charles T Esmon
- Coagulation Biology Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Shrey Kohli
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alireza R Rezaie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Wolfram Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany .,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Moeller MJ, Tharaux PL. Cellular regeneration of podocytes from parietal cells: the debate is still open. Kidney Int 2020; 96:542-544. [PMID: 31445579 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The study by Kaverina et al. in this issue addresses an important question: can podocytes be replenished by parietal epithelial cells (PECs)? The authors use a complex transgenic mouse model in which podocytes are labeled with GFP and PECs are simultaneously labeled with tdTomato. When Kaverina and colleagues induce focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), they find that individual PECs are doubly labeled, coexpress podocyte markers, and form structures similar to foot processes, suggesting that these PECs may have transdifferentiated into podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Université; de Paris, Paris Cardiovascular Centre PARCC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Renal Pathology Division, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Rovin BH, Caster DJ, Cattran DC, Gibson KL, Hogan JJ, Moeller MJ, Roccatello D, Cheung M, Wheeler DC, Winkelmayer WC, Floege J, Alpers CE, Ayoub I, Bagga A, Barbour SJ, Barratt J, Chan DT, Chang A, Choo JCJ, Cook HT, Coppo R, Fervenza FC, Fogo AB, Fox JG, Glassock RJ, Harris D, Hodson EM, Hogan JJ, Hoxha E, Iseki K, Jennette JC, Jha V, Johnson DW, Kaname S, Katafuchi R, Kitching AR, Lafayette RA, Li PK, Liew A, Lv J, Malvar A, Maruyama S, Mejía-Vilet JM, Mok CC, Nachman PH, Nester CM, Noiri E, O'Shaughnessy MM, Özen S, Parikh SM, Park HC, Peh CA, Pendergraft WF, Pickering MC, Pillebout E, Radhakrishnan J, Rathi M, Ronco P, Smoyer WE, Tang SC, Tesař V, Thurman JM, Trimarchi H, Vivarelli M, Walters GD, Wang AYM, Wenderfer SE, Wetzels JF. Management and treatment of glomerular diseases (part 2): conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 2020; 95:281-295. [PMID: 30665569 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In November 2017, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) initiative brought a diverse panel of experts in glomerular diseases together to discuss the 2012 KDIGO glomerulonephritis guideline in the context of new developments and insights that had occurred over the years since its publication. During this KDIGO Controversies Conference on Glomerular Diseases, the group examined data on disease pathogenesis, biomarkers, and treatments to identify areas of consensus and areas of controversy. This report summarizes the discussions on primary podocytopathies, lupus nephritis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated nephritis, complement-mediated kidney diseases, and monoclonal gammopathies of renal significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad H Rovin
- Division of Nephrology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| | - Dawn J Caster
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Daniel C Cattran
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keisha L Gibson
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan J Hogan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dario Roccatello
- CMID (Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases), and Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (ERK-Net member), University of Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Wolfgang C Winkelmayer
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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16
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Frahsek M, Schulte K, Chia-Gil A, Djudjaj S, Schueler H, Leuchtle K, Smeets B, Dijkman H, Floege J, Moeller MJ. Cre recombinase toxicity in podocytes: a novel genetic model for FSGS in adolescent mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1375-F1382. [PMID: 31588799 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00573.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we show that inducible overexpression of Cre recombinase in glomerular podocytes but not in parietal epithelial cells may trigger focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in juvenile transgenic homocygous Pod-rtTA/LC1 mice. Administration of doxycycline shortly after birth, but not at any other time point later in life, resulted in podocyte injury and development of classical FSGS lesions in these mice. Sclerotic lesions were formed as soon as 3 wk of age, and FSGS progressed with low variability until 13 wk of age. In addition, our experiments identified Cre toxicity as a potentially relevant limitation for studies in podocytes of transgenic animals. In summary, our study establishes a novel genetic model for FSGS in mice, which exhibits low variability and manifests already at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Frahsek
- Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevin Schulte
- Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arnaldo Chia-Gil
- Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Djudjaj
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Herdit Schueler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Leuchtle
- Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Dijkman
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Heisenberg Chair for Preventive and Translational Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Puelles VG, van der Wolde JW, Wanner N, Scheppach MW, Cullen-McEwen LA, Bork T, Lindenmeyer MT, Gernhold L, Wong MN, Braun F, Cohen CD, Kett MM, Kuppe C, Kramann R, Saritas T, van Roeyen CR, Moeller MJ, Tribolet L, Rebello R, Sun YB, Li J, Müller-Newen G, Hughson MD, Hoy WE, Person F, Wiech T, Ricardo SD, Kerr PG, Denton KM, Furic L, Huber TB, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Bertram JF. mTOR-mediated podocyte hypertrophy regulates glomerular integrity in mice and humans. JCI Insight 2019; 4:99271. [PMID: 31534053 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular origins of glomerulosclerosis involve activation of parietal epithelial cells (PECs) and progressive podocyte depletion. While mammalian target of rapamycin-mediated (mTOR-mediated) podocyte hypertrophy is recognized as an important signaling pathway in the context of glomerular disease, the role of podocyte hypertrophy as a compensatory mechanism preventing PEC activation and glomerulosclerosis remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that glomerular mTOR and PEC activation-related genes were both upregulated and intercorrelated in biopsies from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, suggesting both compensatory and pathological roles. Advanced morphometric analyses in murine and human tissues identified podocyte hypertrophy as a compensatory mechanism aiming to regulate glomerular functional integrity in response to somatic growth, podocyte depletion, and even glomerulosclerosis - all of this in the absence of detectable podocyte regeneration. In mice, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR signaling during acute podocyte loss impaired hypertrophy of remaining podocytes, resulting in unexpected albuminuria, PEC activation, and glomerulosclerosis. Exacerbated and persistent podocyte hypertrophy enabled a vicious cycle of podocyte loss and PEC activation, suggesting a limit to its beneficial effects. In summary, our data highlight a critical protective role of mTOR-mediated podocyte hypertrophy following podocyte loss in order to preserve glomerular integrity, preventing PEC activation and glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor G Puelles
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - James W van der Wolde
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicola Wanner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Luise A Cullen-McEwen
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tillmann Bork
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Gernhold
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Milagros N Wong
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michelle M Kett
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leon Tribolet
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Rebello
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yu By Sun
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jinhua Li
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael D Hughson
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Wendy E Hoy
- Centre for Chronic Disease, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fermin Person
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sharon D Ricardo
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter G Kerr
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate M Denton
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luc Furic
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Australia.,Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John F Bertram
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Kuppe C, Rohlfs W, Grepl M, Schulte K, Veron D, Elger M, Sanden SK, Saritas T, Andrae J, Betsholtz C, Trautwein C, Hausmann R, Quaggin S, Bachmann S, Kriz W, Tufro A, Floege J, Moeller MJ. Inverse correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor back-filtration and capillary filtration pressures. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:1514-1525. [PMID: 29635428 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) is an essential growth factor during glomerular development and postnatal homeostasis. VEGF is secreted in high amounts by podocytes into the primary urine, back-filtered across the glomerular capillary wall to act on endothelial cells. So far it has been assumed that VEGF back-filtration is driven at a constant rate exclusively by diffusion. Methods In the present work, glomerular VEGF back-filtration was investigated in vivo using a novel extended model based on endothelial fenestrations as surrogate marker for local VEGF concentrations. Single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) and/or local filtration flux were manipulated by partial renal mass ablation, tubular ablation, and in transgenic mouse models of systemic or podocytic VEGF overexpression or reduction. Results Our study shows positive correlations between VEGF back-filtration and SNGFR as well as effective filtration rate under physiological conditions along individual glomerular capillaries in rodents and humans. Conclusion Our results suggest that an additional force drives VEGF back-filtration, potentially regulated by SNGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wilko Rohlfs
- Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Grepl
- Numerical Mathematics, Faculty for Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kevin Schulte
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Delma Veron
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marlies Elger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Turgay Saritas
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Hausmann
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susan Quaggin
- Division of Medicine-Nephrology, Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Wilhelm Kriz
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alda Tufro
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF Aachen), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Heisenberg Chair for Preventive and Translational Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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19
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Puelles VG, Fleck D, Ortz L, Papadouri S, Strieder T, Böhner AM, van der Wolde JW, Vogt M, Saritas T, Kuppe C, Fuss A, Menzel S, Klinkhammer BM, Müller-Newen G, Heymann F, Decker L, Braun F, Kretz O, Huber TB, Susaki EA, Ueda HR, Boor P, Floege J, Kramann R, Kurts C, Bertram JF, Spehr M, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Moeller MJ. Novel 3D analysis using optical tissue clearing documents the evolution of murine rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2019; 96:505-516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Lazareth H, Henique C, Lenoir O, Puelles VG, Flamant M, Bollée G, Fligny C, Camus M, Guyonnet L, Millien C, Gaillard F, Chipont A, Robin B, Fabrega S, Dhaun N, Camerer E, Kretz O, Grahammer F, Braun F, Huber TB, Nochy D, Mandet C, Bruneval P, Mesnard L, Thervet E, Karras A, Le Naour F, Rubinstein E, Boucheix C, Alexandrou A, Moeller MJ, Bouzigues C, Tharaux PL. The tetraspanin CD9 controls migration and proliferation of parietal epithelial cells and glomerular disease progression. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3303. [PMID: 31341160 PMCID: PMC6656772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms driving the development of extracapillary lesions in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) remain poorly understood. A key question is how parietal epithelial cells (PECs) invade glomerular capillaries, thereby promoting injury and kidney failure. Here we show that expression of the tetraspanin CD9 increases markedly in PECs in mouse models of CGN and FSGS, and in kidneys from individuals diagnosed with these diseases. Cd9 gene targeting in PECs prevents glomerular damage in CGN and FSGS mouse models. Mechanistically, CD9 deficiency prevents the oriented migration of PECs into the glomerular tuft and their acquisition of CD44 and β1 integrin expression. These findings highlight a critical role for de novo expression of CD9 as a common pathogenic switch driving the PEC phenotype in CGN and FSGS, while offering a potential therapeutic avenue to treat these conditions. In both focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN), kidney injury is characterised by the invasion of glomerular tufts by parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Here Lazareth et al. identify the tetraspanin CD9 as a key regulator of PEC migration, and find its upregulation in FSGS and CGN contributes to kidney injury in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lazareth
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Renal Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France.,Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Carole Henique
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Equipe 21, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, F-94010, France.
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Victor G Puelles
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Martin Flamant
- Xavier Bichat University Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Guillaume Bollée
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Fligny
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Marine Camus
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Lea Guyonnet
- National Cytometry Platform, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, L-4354, Luxembourg
| | - Corinne Millien
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - François Gaillard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Anna Chipont
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Blaise Robin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Fabrega
- Université de Paris, Institut Imagine, Plateforme Vecteurs Viraux et Transfert de Gènes, IFR94, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, Scotland, UK
| | - Eric Camerer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Dominique Nochy
- Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Chantal Mandet
- Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Laurent Mesnard
- Critical Care Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1155, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, F-75020, France
| | - Eric Thervet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Renal Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Alexandre Karras
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Renal Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | | | - Eric Rubinstein
- Inserm U935, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- Inserm U935, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Antigoni Alexandrou
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cédric Bouzigues
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Renal Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France.
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21
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Moll S, Desmoulière A, Moeller MJ, Pache JC, Badi L, Arcadu F, Richter H, Satz A, Uhles S, Cavalli A, Drawnel F, Scapozza L, Prunotto M. DDR1 role in fibrosis and its pharmacological targeting. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2019; 1866:118474. [PMID: 30954571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor1 (DDR1) is a collagen activated receptor tyrosine kinase and an attractive anti-fibrotic target. Its expression is mainly limited to epithelial cells located in several organs including skin, kidney, liver and lung. DDR1's biology is elusive, with unknown downstream activation pathways; however, it may act as a mediator of the stromal-epithelial interaction, potentially controlling the activation state of the resident quiescent fibroblasts. Increased expression of DDR1 has been documented in several types of cancer and fibrotic conditions including skin hypertrophic scars, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cirrhotic liver and renal fibrosis. The present review article focuses on: a) detailing the evidence for a role of DDR1 as an anti-fibrotic target in different organs, b) clarifying DDR1 tissue distribution in healthy and diseased tissues as well as c) exploring DDR1 protective mode of action based on literature evidence and co-authors experience; d) detailing pharmacological efforts attempted to drug this subtle anti-fibrotic target to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Moll
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Desmoulière
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Laura Badi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Arcadu
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Richter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Satz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Uhles
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Faye Drawnel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco Prunotto
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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22
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Moll S, Yasui Y, Abed A, Murata T, Shimada H, Maeda A, Fukushima N, Kanamori M, Uhles S, Badi L, Cagarelli T, Formentini I, Drawnel F, Georges G, Bergauer T, Gasser R, Bonfil RD, Fridman R, Richter H, Funk J, Moeller MJ, Chatziantoniou C, Prunotto M. Selective pharmacological inhibition of DDR1 prevents experimentally-induced glomerulonephritis in prevention and therapeutic regime. J Transl Med 2018; 16:148. [PMID: 29859097 PMCID: PMC5984769 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a collagen-activated receptor tyrosine kinase extensively implicated in diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis and fibrosis. Multiple preclinical studies, performed using either a gene deletion or a gene silencing approaches, have shown this receptor being a major driver target of fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. Methods The present study investigated the role and relevance of DDR1 in human crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN). Detailed DDR1 expression was first characterized in detail in human GN biopsies using a novel selective anti-DDR1 antibody using immunohistochemistry. Subsequently the protective role of DDR1 was investigated using a highly selective, novel, small molecule inhibitor in a nephrotoxic serum (NTS) GN model in a prophylactic regime and in the NEP25 GN mouse model using a therapeutic intervention regime. Results DDR1 expression was shown to be mainly limited to renal epithelium. In humans, DDR1 is highly induced in injured podocytes, in bridging cells expressing both parietal epithelial cell (PEC) and podocyte markers and in a subset of PECs forming the cellular crescents in human GN. Pharmacological inhibition of DDR1 in NTS improved both renal function and histological parameters. These results, obtained using a prophylactic regime, were confirmed in the NEP25 GN mouse model using a therapeutic intervention regime. Gene expression analysis of NTS showed that pharmacological blockade of DDR1 specifically reverted fibrotic and inflammatory gene networks and modulated expression of the glomerular cell gene signature, further validating DDR1 as a major mediator of cell fate in podocytes and PECs. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that DDR1 inhibition might be an attractive and promising pharmacological intervention for the treatment of GN, predominantly by targeting the renal epithelium. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1524-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Moll
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yukari Yasui
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ahmed Abed
- INSERM, UMR S 1155, Hôpital Tenon, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Takeshi Murata
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.,Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akira Maeda
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masakazu Kanamori
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan.,Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabine Uhles
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Badi
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Cagarelli
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Formentini
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Late Stage, AstraZeneca, Göteborgs, Sweden
| | - Faye Drawnel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guy Georges
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Bergauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rodolfo Gasser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Daniel Bonfil
- Department of Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Rafael Fridman
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hans Richter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juergen Funk
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Marco Prunotto
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Office of Innovation, Immunology, Infectious Diseases & Ophthalmology (I2O), Roche and Genentech Late Stage Development, 124 Grenzacherstrasse, 4070, Basel, Switzerland. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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23
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Endlich N, Kliewe F, Kindt F, Schmidt K, Kotb AM, Artelt N, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Döring F, Kuss AW, Amann K, Moeller MJ, Kabgani N, Blumenthal A, Endlich K. The transcription factor Dach1 is essential for podocyte function. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2656-2669. [PMID: 29498212 PMCID: PMC5908116 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiation and loss of podocytes are the major cause of chronic kidney disease. Dach1, a transcription factor that is essential for cell fate, was found in genome‐wide association studies to be associated with the glomerular filtration rate. We found that podocytes express high levels of Dach1 in vivo and to a much lower extent in vitro. Parietal epithelial cells (PECs) that are still under debate to be a type of progenitor cell for podocytes expressed Dach1 only at low levels. The transfection of PECs with a plasmid encoding for Dach1 induced the expression of synaptopodin, a podocyte‐specific protein, demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Furthermore, synaptopodin was located along actin fibres in a punctate pattern in Dach1‐expressing PECs comparable with differentiated podocytes. Moreover, dedifferentiating podocytes of isolated glomeruli showed a significant reduction in the expression of Dach1 together with synaptopodin after 9 days in cell culture. To study the role of Dach1 in vivo, we used the zebrafish larva as an animal model. Knockdown of the zebrafish ortholog Dachd by morpholino injection into fertilized eggs resulted in a severe renal phenotype. The glomeruli of the zebrafish larvae showed morphological changes of the glomerulus accompanied by down‐regulation of nephrin and leakage of the filtration barrier. Interestingly, glomeruli of biopsies from patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy showed also a significant reduction of Dach1 and synaptopodin in contrast to control biopsies. Taken together, Dach1 is a transcription factor that is important for podocyte differentiation and proper kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Kliewe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frances Kindt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ahmed M Kotb
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nadine Artelt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Döring
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas W Kuss
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nazanin Kabgani
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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24
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Eymael J, Sharma S, Loeven MA, Wetzels JF, Mooren F, Florquin S, Deegens JK, Willemsen BK, Sharma V, van Kuppevelt TH, Bakker MA, Ostendorf T, Moeller MJ, Dijkman HB, Smeets B, van der Vlag J. CD44 is required for the pathogenesis of experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis and collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 2018; 93:626-642. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Dai Y, Chen A, Liu R, Gu L, Sharma S, Cai W, Salem F, Salant DJ, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ, Moeller MJ, Ghyselinck NB, Ding X, Chuang PY, Lee K, He JC. Retinoic acid improves nephrotoxic serum-induced glomerulonephritis through activation of podocyte retinoic acid receptor α. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1444-1457. [PMID: 28756872 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation of glomerular epithelial cells, including podocytes, is a key histologic feature of crescentic glomerulonephritis. We previously found that retinoic acid (RA) inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of podocytes by activating RA receptor-α (RARα) in a murine model of HIV-associated nephropathy. Here, we examined whether RA would similarly protect podocytes against nephrotoxic serum-induced crescentic glomerulonephritis and whether this effect was mediated by podocyte RARα. RA treatment markedly improved renal function and reduced the number of crescentic lesions in nephritic wild-type mice, while this protection was largely lost in mice with podocyte-specific ablation of Rara (Pod-Rara knockout). At a cellular level, RA significantly restored the expression of podocyte differentiation markers in nephritic wild-type mice, but not in nephritic Pod-Rara knockout mice. Furthermore, RA suppressed the expression of cell injury, proliferation, and parietal epithelial cell markers in nephritic wild-type mice, all of which were significantly dampened in nephritic Pod-Rara knockout mice. Interestingly, RA treatment led to the coexpression of podocyte and parietal epithelial cell markers in a small subset of glomerular cells in nephritic mice, suggesting that RA may induce transdifferentiation of parietal epithelial cells toward a podocyte phenotype. In vitro, RA directly inhibited the proliferation of parietal epithelial cells and enhanced the expression of podocyte markers. In vivo lineage tracing of labeled parietal epithelial cells confirmed that RA increased the number of parietal epithelial cells expressing podocyte markers in nephritic glomeruli. Thus, RA attenuates crescentic glomerulonephritis primarily through RARα-mediated protection of podocytes and in part through the inhibition of parietal epithelial cell proliferation and induction of their transdifferentiation into podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Leyi Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuchita Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Weijing Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Fadi Salem
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - David J Salant
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Y Chuang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Renal Section, James J Peters VAMC, Bronx, New York, USA.
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Puelles VG, Bertram JF, Moeller MJ. Quantifying podocyte depletion: theoretical and practical considerations. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:229-236. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kuppe C, van Roeyen C, Leuchtle K, Kabgani N, Vogt M, Van Zandvoort M, Smeets B, Floege J, Gröne HJ, Moeller MJ. Investigations of Glucocorticoid Action in GN. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:1408-1420. [PMID: 27895155 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For several decades, glucocorticoids have been used empirically to treat rapid progressive GN. It is commonly assumed that glucocorticoids act primarily by dampening the immune response, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we inactivated the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) specifically in kidney epithelial cells using Pax8-Cre/GRfl/fl mice. Pax8-Cre/GRfl/fl mice did not exhibit an overt spontaneous phenotype. In mice treated with nephrotoxic serum to induce crescentic nephritis (rapidly progressive GN), this genetic inactivation of the GR in kidney epithelial cells exerted renal benefits, including inhibition of albuminuria and cellular crescent formation, similar to the renal benefits observed with high-dose prednisolone in control mice. However, genetic inactivation of the GR in kidney epithelial cells did not induce the immunosuppressive effects observed with prednisolone. In vitro, prednisolone and the pharmacologic GR antagonist mifepristone each acted directly on primary cultures of parietal epithelial cells, inhibiting cellular outgrowth and proliferation. In wild-type mice, pharmacologic treatment with the GR antagonist mifepristone also attenuated disease as effectively as high-dose prednisolone without the systemic immunosuppressive effects. Collectively, these data show that glucocorticoids act directly on activated glomerular parietal epithelial cells in crescentic nephritis. Furthermore, we identified a novel therapeutic approach in crescentic nephritis, that of glucocorticoid antagonism, which was at least as effective as high-dose prednisolone with potentially fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia van Roeyen
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Leuchtle
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nazanin Kabgani
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Vogt
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Van Zandvoort
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Sector Molecular Cell Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; .,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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28
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Kuppe C, Moeller MJ. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: it may no longer be all about podocytes. Kidney Int 2016; 90:905. [PMID: 27633870 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kuppe
- RWTH Aachen University, Nephrology and Immunology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- RWTH Aachen University, Nephrology and Immunology, Aachen, Germany.
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Kuppe C, Moeller MJ. The Authors Reply. Kidney Int 2016; 89:1404. [PMID: 27181785 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kuppe
- RWTH Aachen University, Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- RWTH Aachen University, Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF Aachen), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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30
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Dau C, Fliegauf M, Omran H, Schlensog M, Dahl E, van Roeyen CR, Kriz W, Moeller MJ, Braun GS. The atypical cadherin Dachsous1 localizes to the base of the ciliary apparatus in airway epithelia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1177-1184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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31
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Werheid F, Azzedine H, Zwerenz E, Bozkurt A, Moeller MJ, Lin L, Mull M, Häusler M, Schulz JB, Weis J, Claeys KG. Underestimated associated features in CMT neuropathies: clinical indicators for the causative gene? Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00451. [PMID: 27088055 PMCID: PMC4782242 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT) is a genetically heterogeneous group of peripheral neuropathies. In addition to the classical clinical phenotype, additional features can occur. METHODS We studied a wide range of additional features in a cohort of 49 genetically confirmed CMT patients and performed a systematic literature revision. RESULTS Patients harbored a PMP22 gene alteration (n = 28) or a mutation in MPZ (n = 11), GJB1 (n = 4), LITAF (n = 2), MFN2 (n = 2), INF2 (n = 1), NEFL (n = 1). We identified four novel mutations (3 MPZ, 1 GJB1). A total of 88% presented at least one additional feature. In MPZ patients, we detected hypertrophic nerve roots in 3/4 cases that underwent spinal MRI, and pupillary abnormalities in 27%. In our cohort, restless legs syndrome (RLS) was present in 18%. We describe for the first time RLS associated with LITAF or MFN2 and predominant upper limb involvement with LITAF. Cold-induced hand cramps occurred in 10% (PMP22,MPZ,MFN2), and autonomous nervous system involvement in 18% (PMP22,MPZ, LITAF,MFN2). RLS and respiratory insufficiency were mostly associated with severe neuropathy, and pupillary abnormalities with mild to moderate neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS In CMT patients, additional features occur frequently. Some of them might be helpful in orienting genetic diagnosis. Our data broaden the clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype associations with CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Werheid
- Department of Neurology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany; Institute of Neuropathology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Hamid Azzedine
- Institute of Neuropathology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Eva Zwerenz
- Department of Neurology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany; Institute of Neuropathology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Ahmet Bozkurt
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Hand Surgery-Burn Center University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany; Department of Plastic & Aesthetic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery Center for Reconstructive Microsurgery and Peripheral Nerve Surgery (ZEMPEN) Agaplesion Markus Hospital Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Section Immunology and Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Lilian Lin
- Department of Neurology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany; Institute of Neuropathology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Michael Mull
- Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Martin Häusler
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Social Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- Department of Neurology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
| | - Kristl G Claeys
- Department of Neurology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany; Institute of Neuropathology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany; Department of Neurology University Hospitals Leuven and University of Leuven (KU Leuven) Leuven Belgium
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32
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Braun GS, Kuszka A, Dau C, Kriz W, Moeller MJ. Interaction of atypical cadherin Fat1 with SoHo adaptor proteins CAP/ponsin and ArgBP2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:88-94. [PMID: 26903299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian Fat1 is a giant atypical cadherin/tumor suppressor involved in the regulation of cellular orientation, migration, and growth. Fat1 is implicated in the development of the brain, eye, and kidney. Altered expression or mutations of FAT1 are also associated with cancer and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Yet, the mechanistic functions of this pathway remain incompletely understood. Here, we report the identification of Sorbin-homology (SoHo) proteins as novel interaction partners of Fat1 by virtue of a yeast-two-hybrid screen. SoHo proteins play diverse roles as adaptor proteins in cell signaling, cell adhesion and sarcomere architecture, including altered expression in cancer and FSHD. Specifically, we found SoHo proteins CAP/ponsin-1 and -2 (Sorbs1) and ArgBP2 (Sorbs2) to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of Fat1. We mapped the interaction to a prolin-rich classic type II PXXP motif within Fat1 and to the three Src-homology (SH3) domains within SoHo proteins using mutant expression in yeast, pulldown assays, and cell culture. Functionally, endogenous ponsin-2 expression of NRK-52E cells at cellular leading edges was lost upon knockdown of Fat1. In summary, our data point to an interaction of Fat1 with SoHo proteins that is able to recruit SoHo proteins to sites of Fat1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S Braun
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
| | | | - Cécile Dau
- Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Spital mit Gottfried von Preyer'schem Kinderspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilhelm Kriz
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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33
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Seleznik G, Seeger H, Bauer J, Fu K, Czerkowicz J, Papandile A, Poreci U, Rabah D, Ranger A, Cohen CD, Lindenmeyer M, Chen J, Edenhofer I, Anders HJ, Lech M, Wüthrich RP, Ruddle NH, Moeller MJ, Kozakowski N, Regele H, Browning JL, Heikenwalder M, Segerer S. The lymphotoxin β receptor is a potential therapeutic target in renal inflammation. Kidney Int 2016; 89:113-26. [PMID: 26398497 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of inflammatory cells in different renal compartments is a hallmark of progressive kidney diseases including glomerulonephritis (GN). Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signaling is crucial for the formation of lymphoid tissue, and inhibition of LTβR signaling has ameliorated several non-renal inflammatory models. Therefore, we tested whether LTβR signaling could also have a role in renal injury. Renal biopsies from patients with GN were found to express both LTα and LTβ ligands, as well as LTβR. The LTβR protein and mRNA were localized to tubular epithelial cells, parietal epithelial cells, crescents, and cells of the glomerular tuft, whereas LTβ was found on lymphocytes and tubular epithelial cells. Human tubular epithelial cells, mesangial cells, and mouse parietal epithelial cells expressed both LTα and LTβ mRNA upon stimulation with TNF in vitro. Several chemokine mRNAs and proteins were expressed in response to LTβR signaling. Importantly, in a murine lupus model, LTβR blockade improved renal function without the reduction of serum autoantibody titers or glomerular immune complex deposition. Thus, a preclinical mouse model and human studies strongly suggest that LTβR signaling is involved in renal injury and may be a suitable therapeutic target in renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitta Seleznik
- Division of Visceral & Transplantation Surgery, Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Zurich, Switzerland; Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harald Seeger
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Judith Bauer
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München, Helmholz Zentrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Czerkowicz
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrian Papandile
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Uriana Poreci
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dania Rabah
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann Ranger
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maja Lindenmeyer
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jin Chen
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilka Edenhofer
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans J Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Campus Innenstadt, University of Munich-LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Division of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Campus Innenstadt, University of Munich-LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Rudolf P Wüthrich
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nancy H Ruddle
- Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Heinz Regele
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jeffrey L Browning
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Microbiology and Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München, Helmholz Zentrum, Munich, Germany; Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Segerer
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Djudjaj S, Lue H, Rong S, Papasotiriou M, Klinkhammer BM, Zok S, Klaener O, Braun GS, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Bucala R, Tittel AP, Kurts C, Moeller MJ, Floege J, Ostendorf T, Bernhagen J, Boor P. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Mediates Proliferative GN via CD74. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1650-64. [PMID: 26453615 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathologic proliferation of mesangial and parietal epithelial cells (PECs) is a hallmark of various glomerulonephritides. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that mediates inflammation by engagement of a receptor complex involving the components CD74, CD44, CXCR2, and CXCR4. The proliferative effects of MIF may involve CD74 together with the coreceptor and PEC activation marker CD44. Herein, we analyzed the effects of local glomerular MIF/CD74/CD44 signaling in proliferative glomerulonephritides. MIF, CD74, and CD44 were upregulated in the glomeruli of patients and mice with proliferative glomerulonephritides. During disease, CD74 and CD44 were expressed de novo in PECs and colocalized in both PECs and mesangial cells. Stress stimuli induced MIF secretion from glomerular cells in vitro and in vivo, in particular from podocytes, and MIF stimulation induced proliferation of PECs and mesangial cells via CD74. In murine crescentic GN, Mif-deficient mice were almost completely protected from glomerular injury, the development of cellular crescents, and the activation and proliferation of PECs and mesangial cells, whereas wild-type mice were not. Bone marrow reconstitution studies showed that deficiency of both nonmyeloid and bone marrow-derived Mif reduced glomerular cell proliferation and injury. In contrast to wild-type mice, Cd74-deficient mice also were protected from glomerular injury and ensuing activation and proliferation of PECs and mesangial cells. Our data suggest a novel molecular mechanism and glomerular cell crosstalk by which local upregulation of MIF and its receptor complex CD74/CD44 mediate glomerular injury and pathologic proliferation in GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Djudjaj
- Department of Pathology, Department of Nephrology and Immunology, and
| | - Hongqi Lue
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology and Immunology, and
| | | | | | | | - Ole Klaener
- Department of Pathology, Department of Nephrology and Immunology, and
| | | | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Division of Nephrology and Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Division of Nephrology and Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andre P Tittel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany;
| | - Peter Boor
- Department of Pathology, Department of Nephrology and Immunology, and Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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35
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Frahsek MA, Schulte K, Schueler HM, Berger K, Smeets B, Dijkman HB, Willemsen B, Floege J, Moeller MJ. FO034CRE-RECOMBINASE MEDIATED TOXICITY IN PODOCYTES - A NEW MODEL FOR FSGS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv142.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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36
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Braun GS, Moeller MJ. Progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles: an emerging diagnostic and therapeutic tool for renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:339-41. [PMID: 25712933 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald S Braun
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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37
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Kunter U, Moeller MJ. From Patient to Dish and Back Again: Are We There Yet? J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:1757-9. [PMID: 25568175 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uta Kunter
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
It is still not fully resolved how the glomerular filter works and why it never clogs. Several models have been proposed. In this review, we will compare the most widely used "pore model" to the more recent and refined "electrokinetic model" of glomerular filtration. The pore model assumes the existence of highly ordered regular pores, but it cannot provide a mechanistic explanation for several of the inherent characteristics of the glomerular filter. The electrokinetic model assumes that streaming potentials generate an electrical field along the filter surface which repels the negatively charged plasma proteins, preventing them from passing across the filter. The electrokinetic model can provide elegant mechanistic solutions for most of the unresolved riddles about the glomerular filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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39
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Smeets B, Stucker F, Wetzels J, Brocheriou I, Ronco P, Gröne HJ, D'Agati V, Fogo AB, van Kuppevelt TH, Fischer HP, Boor P, Floege J, Ostendorf T, Moeller MJ. Detection of activated parietal epithelial cells on the glomerular tuft distinguishes early focal segmental glomerulosclerosis from minimal change disease. Am J Pathol 2014; 184:3239-48. [PMID: 25307344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, parietal epithelial cells (PECs) migrating onto the glomerular tuft participate in the formation of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) lesions. We investigated whether immunohistologic detection of PEC markers in the initial biopsies of human patients with first manifestation of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome with no immune complexes can improve the sensitivity to detect sclerotic lesions compared with standard methods. Ninety-five renal biopsies were stained for claudin-1 (PEC marker), CD44 (activated PECs), and LKIV69 (PEC matrix); 38 had been diagnosed as early primary FSGS and 57 as minimal change disease. PEC markers were detected on the tuft in 87% of the biopsies of patients diagnosed as primary FSGS. PEC markers were detected in FSGS lesions from the earliest stages of disease. In minimal change disease, no PEC activation was observed by immunohistology. However, in 25% of biopsies originally diagnosed as minimal change disease the presence of small lesions indicative of a sclerosing process were detected, which were undetectable on standard periodic acid-Schiff staining, even though only a single histologic section for each PEC marker was evaluated. Staining for LKIV69 detected lesions with the highest sensitivity. Two novel PEC markers A-kinase anchor protein 12 and annexin A3 exhibited similar sensitivity. In summary, detection of PECs on the glomerular tuft by immunostaining improves the differentiation between minimal change disease and primary FSGS and may serve to guide clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Smeets
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine II, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabien Stucker
- Department of Pathology, INSERM U702, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; Nephrology Service, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jack Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pierre Ronco
- Department of Pathology, INSERM U702, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vivette D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, NCMLS, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans-Peter Fischer
- Q1 platform of the TRR57, Institute for Pathology, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Q1 platform of the TRR57, Institute for Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine II, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tammo Ostendorf
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine II, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine II, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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Porubsky S, Kuppe C, Maier T, Birk HW, Wörnle M, Moeller MJ, Floege J, Gröne HJ. Renal lipidosis in patients enrolled in a methadone substitution program. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 138:689-93. [PMID: 24786128 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0075-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Kidney biopsies often show accumulation of lipids or lipidlike material. Evidence has been provided that lipids can directly initiate and contribute to the progression of glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. In this study we describe a renal lipidosis occurring in patients with a positive history of narcotic abuse who were enrolled in a methadone substitution program. All 3 patients presented with proteinuria (2.5-20 g/d) and impaired renal function. Renal biopsy revealed a pronounced extracellular and intracellular deposition of lipidlike material in the glomerular, interstitial, and tubular compartments. Known causes of lipid storage could be excluded clinically and morphologically. We consider this to be a distinct renal lipidosis associated with narcotic abuse, methadone intake, or intravenous abuse thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Porubsky
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (Drs Porubsky and Gröne); the Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Porubsky); the Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany (Drs Kuppe, Moeller, and Floege); the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany (Dr Maier); the Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany (Dr Birk); and the Medical Clinic and Policlinic, University Hospitals LMU, Munich, Germany (Dr Wörnle). Drs Porubsky and Kuppe contributed equally to the manuscript
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Schulte K, Kunter U, Moeller MJ. The evolution of blood pressure and the rise of mankind. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 30:713-23. [PMID: 25140012 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Why is it that only human beings continuously perform acts of heroism? Looking back at our evolutionary history can offer us some potentially useful insight. This review highlights some of the major steps in our evolution-more specifically, the evolution of high blood pressure. When we were fish, the first kidney was developed to create a standardized internal 'milieu' preserving the primordial sea within us. When we conquered land as amphibians, the evolution of the lung required a low systemic blood pressure, which explains why early land vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles) are such low performers. Gaining independence from water required the evolution of an impermeable skin and a water-retaining kidney. The latter was accomplished twice with two different solutions in the two major branches of vertebrate evolution: mammals excrete nitrogenous waste products as urea, which can be utilized by the kidney as an osmotic agent to produce more concentrated urine. Dinosaurs and birds have a distinct nitrogen metabolism and excrete nitrogen as water-insoluble uric acid-therefore, their kidneys cannot use urea to concentrate as well. Instead, some birds have developed the capability to reabsorb water from their cloacae. The convergent development of a separate small circulation of the lung in mammals and birds allowed for the evolution of 'high blood-pressure animals' with better capillarization of the peripheral tissues allowing high endurance performance. Finally, we investigate why mankind outperforms any other mammal on earth and why, to this day, we continue to perform acts of heroism on our eternal quest for personal bliss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schulte
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (Internal Medicine II), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Uta Kunter
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (Internal Medicine II), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (Internal Medicine II), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical problem and is associated with high mortality rates. It is accepted that after AKI cellular regeneration of the proximal tubule occurs from intrinsic tubule cells. Recently, scattered tubular cells (STCs) were discovered as a novel subpopulation of tubule cells involved in regeneration. STCs have a distinct morphology, unique protein expression profile resembling that of parietal epithelial cells, proliferate more than the remaining proximal tubule cells, and are less susceptible to injuries. In response to AKI, STCs become more numerous, independent of the primary insult (ischemic, acute obstruction, and so forth). STCs can be detected with the highest sensitivity and manipulated by the parietal epithelial cell-specific, doxycycline inducible transgenic mouse line PEC-rtTA. In cell fate tracing experiments it was shown that STCs are not a fixed progenitor population. Rather, STCs arise from any surviving proximal tubule cell. Thus, the STC phenotype is a transient, graded, and specific transcriptional program facilitating tubular regeneration. Understanding this program my open new approaches to prevent and/or treat AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Berger
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen, Germany.
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Moeller MJ, Smeets B. Role of Parietal Epithelial Cells in Kidney Injury: The Case of Rapidly Progressing Glomerulonephritis and Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 126:97. [DOI: 10.1159/000360677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Glomerular diseases are the leading causes of chronic and end-stage kidney disease. In the 1980s and 1990s, attention was focused on the biology and role of glomerular endothelial and mesangial cells. For the past two decades, seminal discoveries have been made in podocyte biology in health and disease. More recently, the glomerular parietal epithelial cell (PEC)-the fourth resident glomerular cell type-has been under active study, leading to a better understanding and definition of how these cells behave normally, and their potential roles in glomerular disease. Accordingly, this Review will focus on our current knowledge of PECs, in both health and disease. We discuss model systems to study PECs, how PECs might contribute to glomerulosclerosis, crescent and pseudocrescent formation and how PECs handle filtered albumin. These events have consequences on PEC structure and function, and PECs have potential roles as stem or progenitor cells for podocytes in glomerular regeneration, which will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, 1959 North East Pacific Avenue, Box 356521, Room BB1269, Seattle, WA 98195-6521, USA
| | - Bart Smeets
- Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, 1959 North East Pacific Avenue, Box 356521, Room BB1269, Seattle, WA 98195-6521, USA
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology (Internal Medicine II), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - George A Tanner
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Wanner N, Hartleben B, Herbach N, Goedel M, Stickel N, Zeiser R, Walz G, Moeller MJ, Grahammer F, Huber TB. Unraveling the role of podocyte turnover in glomerular aging and injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:707-16. [PMID: 24408871 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013050452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte loss is a major determinant of progressive CKD. Although recent studies showed that a subset of parietal epithelial cells can serve as podocyte progenitors, the role of podocyte turnover and regeneration in repair, aging, and nephron loss remains unclear. Here, we combined genetic fate mapping with highly efficient podocyte isolation protocols to precisely quantify podocyte turnover and regeneration. We demonstrate that parietal epithelial cells can give rise to fully differentiated visceral epithelial cells indistinguishable from resident podocytes and that limited podocyte renewal occurs in a diphtheria toxin model of acute podocyte ablation. In contrast, the compensatory programs initiated in response to nephron loss evoke glomerular hypertrophy, but not de novo podocyte generation. In addition, no turnover of podocytes could be detected in aging mice under physiologic conditions. In the absence of podocyte replacement, characteristic features of aging mouse kidneys included progressive accumulation of oxidized proteins, deposits of protein aggregates, loss of podocytes, and glomerulosclerosis. In summary, quantitative investigation of podocyte regeneration in vivo provides novel insights into the mechanism and capacity of podocyte turnover and regeneration in mice. Our data reveal that podocyte generation is mainly confined to glomerular development and may occur after acute glomerular injury, but it fails to regenerate podocytes in aging kidneys or in response to nephron loss.
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Berger K, Schulte K, Boor P, Kuppe C, van Kuppevelt TH, Floege J, Smeets B, Moeller MJ. The regenerative potential of parietal epithelial cells in adult mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:693-705. [PMID: 24408873 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013050481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that some podocytes in juvenile mice are recruited from cells lining Bowman's capsule, suggesting that parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are a progenitor cell population for podocytes. To investigate whether PECs also replenish podocytes in adult mice, PECs were genetically labeled in an irreversible fashion in 5-week-old mice. No significant increase in labeled podocytes was observed, even after 18 months. To accelerate a potential regenerative mechanism, progressive glomerular hypertrophy was induced by progressive partial nephrectomies. Again, no significant podocyte replenishment was observed. Rather, labeled PECs exclusively invaded segments of the tuft affected by glomerulosclerosis, consistent with our previous findings. We next reassessed PEC recruitment in juvenile mice using a different reporter mouse and confirmed significant recruitment of labeled PECs onto the glomerular tuft. Moreover, some labeled cells on Bowman's capsule expressed podocyte markers, and cells on Bowman's capsule were also directly labeled in juvenile podocyte-specific Pod-rtTA transgenic mice. In 6-week-old mice, however, cells on Bowman's capsule no longer expressed podocyte-specific markers. Similarly, in human kidneys, some cells on Bowman's capsule expressed the podocyte marker synaptopodin from 2 weeks to 2 years of age but not at 7 years of age. In summary, podocyte regeneration from PECs could not be detected in aging mice or models of glomerular hypertrophy. We propose that a small fraction of committed podocytes reside on Bowman's capsule close to the vascular stalk and are recruited onto the glomerular tuft during infancy to adolescence in mice and humans.
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Endlich N, Simon O, Göpferich A, Wegner H, Moeller MJ, Rumpel E, Kotb AM, Endlich K. Two-photon microscopy reveals stationary podocytes in living zebrafish larvae. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 25:681-6. [PMID: 24309184 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier and cover the outer aspect of glomerular capillaries. They form a complex actin-based cytoskeleton in vivo and show prominent motility in vitro, but whether podocytes are stationary or mobile in vivo is debated. To address this question, the pronephros of translucent zebrafish larvae (casper) expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) specifically in podocytes (wt1a:eGFP larvae) was observed by intravital two-photon microscopy over extended periods of time. Podocyte cell bodies and the interdigitating branching pattern of major processes could be resolved with a resolution of approximately 1 µm in the xy-plane. Time-lapse imaging of zebrafish larvae at 5-7 days after fertilization demonstrated that podocytes neither migrated nor changed the branching pattern of their major processes over a time period of up to 23 hours. In summary, we show by extended intravital two-photon microscopy that podocytes are stationary cells in the intact glomerulus of a translucent zebrafish with fluorescently-labeled podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Abstract
Parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are increasingly recognized as key players in the pathogenesis of proliferative glomerular diseases. A new study by Rizzo and colleagues contributes to this emerging concept and identifies potential novel signalling pathways that might mediate the activation of PECs. However, the functional role of PECs remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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