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Schulz D, Linde M, Debener T. Robust markers associated with floral traits in roses are suitable for marker-assisted selection across gene pools. Mol Breed 2023; 43:90. [PMID: 38077450 PMCID: PMC10709285 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the potential of markers associated with floral traits for parental selection in a cut rose breeding program. We analysed six Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers for three important floral traits, petal length, petal number and scent, derived from experiments in a garden rose population. The six markers were applied to genotype a collection of 384 parental genotypes used for commercial cut rose breeding. We phenotyped a selection of progeny derived from pairs of parents having either high or low dosages of (contrasting) marker alleles associated with these traits. Significant differences were found between the contrasting progeny groups for each of the traits, although parents with the optimal allele dosage combinations could not always be used for the crosses. This not only supports the robustness of these marker‒trait associations but also demonstrates their potential for commercial rose breeding. It also demonstrates the use of marker information generated in garden rose populations for cut rose breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01438-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Schulz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Molecular Plant Breeding Section, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
- Bundesamt Für Verbraucherschutz Und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Referat 231/Abteilung 2, Bundesallee 51, 38116 Brunswick, Germany
| | - Marcus Linde
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Molecular Plant Breeding Section, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Debener
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Molecular Plant Breeding Section, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
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2
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Röhrs I, Linde M, Przetakiewicz J, Zelya A, Zelya G, Pucher A, Tlapák H, Debener T. Potato Wart Isolates from Europe and North America Form Distinct Clusters of Genetic Variation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1883. [PMID: 37763287 PMCID: PMC10532758 DOI: 10.3390/life13091883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have extended previously published sets of simple sequence repeat markers for Synchytrium endobioticum, selected to be polymorphic for the German-standard isolates of pathotypes P1, P2, P6, P8, and P18. These markers also complement the extensive published information on DNA polymorphisms for the mitogenomes of Synchytrium endobioticum. This extended set of 35 markers representing 73 alleles differentiated 51 isolates from Europe and North America into three large, well-separated clusters and subclusters using dendrogram analysis, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), and population substructure analysis using STRUCTURE 2.3.4 software. This suggests a limited number of introgressions of the wart disease pathogen into current potato growing areas, followed by recombination and admixture of populations through human activities. The new markers extend the published marker sets and are useful tools for future analyses of population structure and dynamics in Synchytrium endobioticum, which are necessary to understand the biology of the interaction between the pathogen and its potato host and to develop future control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Röhrs
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hanover, Germany; (I.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Marcus Linde
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hanover, Germany; (I.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Jaroslaw Przetakiewicz
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute—National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870 Blonie, Poland;
| | - Avrelia Zelya
- National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Ukrainian Scientific-Research Plant Quarantine Station, 60321 Boyany, Chernivtskiy Region, Ukraine
| | - George Zelya
- National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Ukrainian Scientific-Research Plant Quarantine Station, 60321 Boyany, Chernivtskiy Region, Ukraine
| | - Anna Pucher
- Institute for Plant Protection in Crops and Grassland, Julius Kühn-Institute, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany;
| | - Hana Tlapák
- Robert Koch-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Thomas Debener
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hanover, Germany; (I.R.); (M.L.)
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3
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Kawamura K, Ueda Y, Matsumoto S, Horibe T, Otagaki S, Wang L, Wang G, Hibrand-Saint Oyant L, Foucher F, Linde M, Debener T. The identification of the Rosa S-locus provides new insights into the breeding and wild origins of continuous-flowering roses. Hortic Res 2022; 9:uhac155. [PMID: 36196069 PMCID: PMC9527601 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to: (i) identify the Rosa S-locus controlling self-incompatibility (SI); (ii) test the genetic linkage of the S-locus with other loci controlling important ornamental traits, such as the continuous-flowering (CF) characteristic; (iii) identify the S-alleles (SC ) of old Chinese CF cultivars (e.g, Old Blush, Slater's Crimson China) and examine the changes in the frequency of cultivars with Sc through the history of breeding; (iv) identify wild species carrying the Sc-alleles to infer wild origins of CF cultivars. We identified a new S-RNase (SC2 ) of Rosa chinensis in a contig from a genome database that has not been integrated into one of the seven chromosomes yet. Genetic mapping indicated that SC2 is allelic to the previously-identified S-RNase (SC1 ) in chromosome 3. Pollination experiments with half-compatible pairs of roses confirmed that they are the pistil-determinant of SI. The segregation analysis of an F1 -population indicated genetic linkage between the S-locus and the floral repressor gene KSN. The non-functional allele ksn is responsible for the CF characteristic. A total of five S-alleles (SC1-5 ) were identified from old CF cultivars. The frequency of cultivars with SC dramatically increased after the introgression of ksn from Chinese to European cultivars and remains high (80%) in modern cultivars, suggesting that S-genotyping is helpful for effective breeding. Wild individuals carrying SC were found in Rosa multiflora (SC1 ), Rosa chinensis var. spontanea (SC3 ), and Rosa gigantea (SC2 , SC4 ), supporting the hypothesis of hybrid origins of CF cultivars and providing a new evidence for the involvement of Rosa multiflora.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshihiro Ueda
- Gifu International Academy of Horticulture, Japan
- Gifu World Rose Garden, Japan
| | - Shogo Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Takanori Horibe
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Japan
| | - Shungo Otagaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japan
| | - Li Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
- Agricultural University of Nanjing, China
| | | | - Fabrice Foucher
- Univ Angers, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France
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4
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Benedek P, Jiao H, Duvefelt K, Skoog T, Linde M, Kiviluoma P, Kere J, Eriksson M, Angelin B. Founder effects facilitate the use of a genotyping-based approach to molecular diagnosis in Swedish patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. J Intern Med 2021; 290:404-415. [PMID: 33955087 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether genotyping could be used as a cost-effective screening step, preceding next-generation sequencing (NGS), in molecular diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) in Swedish patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Three hundred patients of Swedish origin with clinical suspicion of heterozygous FH were analysed using a specific array genotyping panel embedding 112 FH-causing mutations in the LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 genes. The mutations had been selected from previous reports on FH patients in Scandinavia and Finland. Mutation-negative cases were further analysed by NGS. In 181 patients with probable or definite FH using the Dutch lipid clinics network (DLCN) criteria (score ≥ 6), a causative mutation was identified in 116 (64%). Of these, 94 (81%) were detected by genotyping. Ten mutations accounted for more than 50% of the positive cases, with APOB c.10580G>A being the most common. Mutations in LDLR predominated, with (c.2311+1_2312-1)(2514)del (FH Helsinki) and c.259T>G having the highest frequency. Two novel LDLR mutations were identified. In patients with DLCN score < 6, mutation detection rate was significantly higher at younger age. CONCLUSION A limited number of mutations explain a major fraction of FH cases in Sweden. Combination of selective genotyping and NGS facilitates the clinical challenge of cost-effective genetic screening in suspected FH. The frequency of APOB c.10580G>A was higher than previously reported in Sweden. The lack of demonstrable mutations in the LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 genes in ~1/3 of patients with probable FH strongly suggests that additional genetic mechanisms are to be found in phenotypic FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Benedek
- From the, Cardiometabolic Unit, Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardiometabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - H Jiao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - K Duvefelt
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - T Skoog
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - M Linde
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - P Kiviluoma
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - J Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Eriksson
- From the, Cardiometabolic Unit, Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - B Angelin
- From the, Cardiometabolic Unit, Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardiometabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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Schulz D, Linde M, Debener T. Detection of Reproducible Major Effect QTL for Petal Traits in Garden Roses. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10050897. [PMID: 33946713 PMCID: PMC8145204 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The detection of QTL by association genetics depends on the genetic architecture of the trait under study, the size and structure of the investigated population and the availability of phenotypic and marker data of sufficient quality and quantity. In roses, we previously demonstrated that major QTL could already be detected in small association panels. In this study, we analyzed petal number, petal size and fragrance in a small panel of 95 mostly tetraploid garden rose genotypes. After genotyping the panel with the 68 K Axiom WagRhSNP chip we detected major QTL for all three traits. Each trait was significantly influenced by several genomic regions. Some of the QTL span genomic regions that comprise several candidate genes. Selected markers from some of these regions were converted into KASP markers and were validated in independent populations of up to 282 garden rose genotypes. These markers demonstrate the robustness of the detected effects independent of the set of genotypes analyzed. Furthermore, the markers can serve as tools for marker-assisted breeding in garden roses. Over an extended timeframe, they may be used as a starting point for the isolation of the genes underlying the QTL.
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Menz I, Lakhwani D, Clotault J, Linde M, Foucher F, Debener T. Analysis of the Rdr1 gene family in different Rosaceae genomes reveals an origin of an R-gene cluster after the split of Rubeae within the Rosoideae subfamily. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227428. [PMID: 31971947 PMCID: PMC6977733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rdr1 gene confers resistance to black spot in roses and belongs to a large TNL gene family, which is organized in two major clusters at the distal end of chromosome 1. We used the recently available chromosome scale assemblies for the R. chinensis 'Old Blush' genome, re-sequencing data for nine rose species and genome data for Fragaria, Rubus, Malus and Prunus to identify Rdr1 homologs from different taxa within Rosaceae. Members of the Rdr1 gene family are organized into two major clusters in R. chinensis and at a syntenic location in the Fragaria genome. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the two clusters existed prior to the split of Rosa and Fragaria and that one cluster has a more recent origin than the other. Genes belonging to cluster 2, such as the functional Rdr1 gene muRdr1A, were subject to a faster evolution than genes from cluster 1. As no Rdr1 homologs were found in syntenic positions for Prunus persica, Malus x domestica and Rubus occidentalis, a translocation of the Rdr1 clusters to the current positions probably happened after the Rubeae split from other groups within the Rosoideae approximately 70-80 million years ago during the Cretaceous period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Menz
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Deepika Lakhwani
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jérémy Clotault
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Marcus Linde
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabrice Foucher
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d’Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Thomas Debener
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Steiner TJ, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, Linde M, MacGregor EA, Osipova V, Paemeleire K, Olesen J, Peters M, Martelletti P. Aids to management of headache disorders in primary care (2nd edition) : on behalf of the European Headache Federation and Lifting The Burden: the Global Campaign against Headache. J Headache Pain 2019; 20:57. [PMID: 31113373 PMCID: PMC6734476 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-018-0899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aids to Management are a product of the Global Campaign against Headache, a worldwide programme of action conducted in official relations with the World Health Organization. Developed in partnership with the European Headache Federation, they update the first edition published 11 years ago.The common headache disorders (migraine, tension-type headache and medication-overuse headache) are major causes of ill health. They should be managed in primary care, firstly because their management is generally not difficult, and secondly because they are so common. These Aids to Management, with the European principles of management of headache disorders in primary care as the core of their content, combine educational materials with practical management aids. They are supplemented by translation protocols, to ensure that translations are unchanged in meaning from the English-language originals.The Aids to Management may be individually downloaded and, as is the case for all products of the Global Campaign against Headache, are available without restriction for non-commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Steiner
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs Gate, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R. Jensen
- Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Z. Katsarava
- Department of Neurology, Evangelical Hospital Unna, Unna, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M. Linde
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs Gate, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E. A. MacGregor
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - V. Osipova
- Research Department of Neurology, First “I. Sechenov” Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Research Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - K. Paemeleire
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J. Olesen
- Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - M. Peters
- Health Services Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P. Martelletti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Regional Referral Headache Centre, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Rusanov K, Kovacheva N, Rusanova M, Linde M, Debener T, Atanassov I. Genetic control of flower petal number in Rosa x Damascena Mill f. trigintipetala. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1599731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krasimir Rusanov
- Molecular Genetics Group, AgroBioInstitute Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Mila Rusanova
- Molecular Genetics Group, AgroBioInstitute Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marcus Linde
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Plant Genetics Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Debener
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Plant Genetics Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivan Atanassov
- Molecular Genetics Group, AgroBioInstitute Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
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9
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Steiner TJ, Göbel H, Jensen R, Lampl C, Paemeleire K, Linde M, Braschinsky M, Mitsikostas D, Gil-Gouveia R, Katsarava Z. Headache service quality: the role of specialized headache centres within structured headache services, and suggested standards and criteria as centres of excellence. J Headache Pain 2019; 20:24. [PMID: 30832585 PMCID: PMC6734362 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-019-0970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In joint initiatives, the European Headache Federation and Lifting The Burden have described a model of structured headache services (with their basis in primary care), defined service quality in this context, and developed practical methods for its evaluation.Here, in a continuation of the service quality evaluation programme, we set out ten suggested role- and performance-defining standards for specialized headache centres operating as an integral component of these services. Verifiable criteria for evaluation accompany each standard. The purposes are five-fold: (i) to inspire and promote, or stimulate the establishment of, specialized headache centres as centres of excellence; (ii) to define the role of such centres within optimally structured and organized national headache services; (iii) to set out criteria by which such centres may be recognized as exemplary in their fulfilment of this role; (iv) to provide the basis for, and to initiate and motivate, collaboration and networking between such centres both nationally and internationally; (v) ultimately to improve the delivery and quality of health care for headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Steiner
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs Gate, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H. Göbel
- Kiel Headache Centre, Kiel Neurological Pain and Headache Centre, Kiel, Germany
| | - R. Jensen
- Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - C. Lampl
- Headache Medical Centre, Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - K. Paemeleire
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M. Linde
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs Gate, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M. Braschinsky
- Headache Clinic, Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia
| | - D. Mitsikostas
- Neurology Department A, Aeginition Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Z. Katsarava
- Evangelical Hospital Unna, Unna, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- EVEX Medical Corporation, Tbilisi, Georgia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - on behalf of the European Headache Federation and Lifting The Burden: the Global Campaign against Headache
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Edvard Griegs Gate, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Kiel Headache Centre, Kiel Neurological Pain and Headache Centre, Kiel, Germany
- Danish Headache Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
- Headache Medical Centre, Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Headache Clinic, Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia
- Neurology Department A, Aeginition Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Hospital da Luz Headache Center, Lisbon, Portugal
- Evangelical Hospital Unna, Unna, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- EVEX Medical Corporation, Tbilisi, Georgia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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10
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Neu E, Domes HS, Menz I, Kaufmann H, Linde M, Debener T. Interaction of roses with a biotrophic and a hemibiotrophic leaf pathogen leads to differences in defense transcriptome activation. Plant Mol Biol 2019; 99:299-316. [PMID: 30706286 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-00818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomic analysis resulted in the upregulation of the genes related to common defense mechanisms for black spot and the downregulation of the genes related to photosynthesis and cell wall modification for powdery mildew. Plant pathogenic fungi successfully colonize their hosts by manipulating the host defense mechanisms, which is accompanied by major transcriptome changes in the host. To characterize compatible plant pathogen interactions at early stages of infection by the obligate biotrophic fungus Podosphaera pannosa, which causes powdery mildew, and the hemibiotrophic fungus Diplocarpon rosae, which causes black spot, we analyzed changes in the leaf transcriptome after the inoculation of detached rose leaves with each pathogen. In addition, we analyzed differences in the transcriptomic changes inflicted by both pathogens as a first step to characterize specific infection strategies. Transcriptomic changes were analyzed using next-generation sequencing based on the massive analysis of cDNA ends approach, which was validated using high-throughput qPCR. We identified a large number of differentially regulated genes. A common set of the differentially regulated genes comprised of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, such as of PR10 homologs, chitinases and defense-related transcription factors, such as various WRKY genes, indicating a conserved but insufficient PTI [pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered immunity] reaction. Surprisingly, most of the differentially regulated genes were specific to the interactions with either P. pannosa or D. rosae. Specific regulation in response to D. rosae was detected for genes from the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways and for individual PR genes, such as paralogs of PR1 and PR5, and other factors of the salicylic acid signaling pathway. Differently, inoculation with P. pannosa leads in addition to the general pathogen response to a downregulation of genes related to photosynthesis and cell wall modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Neu
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany
- KWS SAAT SE, 37574, Einbeck, Germany
| | - Helena Sophia Domes
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Menz
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helgard Kaufmann
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcus Linde
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Debener
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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Smulders MJM, Arens P, Bourke PM, Debener T, Linde M, Riek JD, Leus L, Ruttink T, Baudino S, Hibrant Saint-Oyant L, Clotault J, Foucher F. In the name of the rose: a roadmap for rose research in the genome era. Hortic Res 2019; 6:65. [PMID: 31069087 PMCID: PMC6499834 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent completion of the rose genome sequence is not the end of a process, but rather a starting point that opens up a whole set of new and exciting activities. Next to a high-quality genome sequence other genomic tools have also become available for rose, including transcriptomics data, a high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism array and software to perform linkage and quantitative trait locus mapping in polyploids. Rose cultivars are highly heterogeneous and diverse. This vast diversity in cultivated roses can be explained through the genetic potential of the genus, introgressions from wild species into commercial tetraploid germplasm and the inimitable efforts of historical breeders. We can now investigate how this diversity can best be exploited and refined in future breeding work, given the rich molecular toolbox now available to the rose breeding community. This paper presents possible lines of research now that rose has entered the genomics era, and attempts to partially answer the question that arises after the completion of any draft genome sequence: 'Now that we have "the" genome, what's next?'. Having access to a genome sequence will allow both (fundamental) scientific and (applied) breeding-orientated questions to be addressed. We outline possible approaches for a number of these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinus J. M. Smulders
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Arens
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. Bourke
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Debener
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute for Plant Genetics, Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcus Linde
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute for Plant Genetics, Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Strasse 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan De Riek
- ILVO, Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Leen Leus
- ILVO, Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Tom Ruttink
- ILVO, Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Caritasstraat 39, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Baudino
- BVpam CNRS, FRE 3727, UJM-Saint-Étienne, Univ. Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurence Hibrant Saint-Oyant
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 42 rue Georges Morel BP 60057, 49 071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Jeremy Clotault
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 42 rue Georges Morel BP 60057, 49 071 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Fabrice Foucher
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 42 rue Georges Morel BP 60057, 49 071 Beaucouzé, France
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12
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Bartkiewicz A, Chilla F, Terefe-Ayana D, Lübeck J, Strahwald J, Tacke E, Hofferbert HR, Flath K, Linde M, Debener T. Improved genetic resolution for linkage mapping of resistance to potato wart in monoparental dihaploids with potential diagnostic value in tetraploid potato varieties. Theor Appl Genet 2018; 131:2555-2566. [PMID: 30159644 PMCID: PMC6244520 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We achieved improved mapping resolution of the major wart resistance locus Xla-TNL containing also Sen1 in a dihaploid population using SNP data and developed additional markers with diagnostic value in tetraploid varieties. We analyzed a segregating monoparental dihaploid potato population comprising 215 genotypes derived from a tetraploid variety that is highly resistant to Synchytrium endobioticum pathotypes 18 and 6. The clear bimodal segregation for both pathotypes indicated that a major dominant resistance factor in a simplex allele configuration was present in the tetraploid donor genotype. Compared to that in previous analyses of the same tetraploid donor in conventional crosses with susceptible tetraploid genotypes, a segregation pattern with a reduced genetic complexity of resistance in dihaploids was observed here. Using the 12.8 k SolCAP SNP array, we mapped a resistance locus to the Xla-TNL region containing also Sen1 on potato chromosome 11. The improved mapping resolution provided by the monoparental dihaploids allowed for the localization of the genes responsible for the resistance to both pathotypes in an interval spanning less than 800 kbp on the reference genome. Furthermore, we identified eight molecular markers segregating without recombination to pathotype 18 and pathotype 6 resistance. Also, two developed markers display improved diagnostic properties in an independent panel of tetraploid varieties. Overall, our data provide the highest resolution mapping of wart resistance genes at the Xla-TNL locus thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Bartkiewicz
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- DHD-Consulting GmbH, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Friederike Chilla
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Kleinmachnow, Germany
| | - Diro Terefe-Ayana
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Westhoff, Südlohn-Oeding, Germany
| | - Jens Lübeck
- SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany
| | | | - Eckhard Tacke
- Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Marcus Linde
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Debener
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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13
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Hibrand Saint-Oyant L, Ruttink T, Hamama L, Kirov I, Lakhwani D, Zhou NN, Bourke PM, Daccord N, Leus L, Schulz D, Van de Geest H, Hesselink T, Van Laere K, Debray K, Balzergue S, Thouroude T, Chastellier A, Jeauffre J, Voisine L, Gaillard S, Borm TJA, Arens P, Voorrips RE, Maliepaard C, Neu E, Linde M, Le Paslier MC, Bérard A, Bounon R, Clotault J, Choisne N, Quesneville H, Kawamura K, Aubourg S, Sakr S, Smulders MJM, Schijlen E, Bucher E, Debener T, De Riek J, Foucher F. A high-quality genome sequence of Rosa chinensis to elucidate ornamental traits. Nat Plants 2018; 4:473-484. [PMID: 29892093 DOI: 10.1101/254102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rose is the world's most important ornamental plant, with economic, cultural and symbolic value. Roses are cultivated worldwide and sold as garden roses, cut flowers and potted plants. Roses are outbred and can have various ploidy levels. Our objectives were to develop a high-quality reference genome sequence for the genus Rosa by sequencing a doubled haploid, combining long and short reads, and anchoring to a high-density genetic map, and to study the genome structure and genetic basis of major ornamental traits. We produced a doubled haploid rose line ('HapOB') from Rosa chinensis 'Old Blush' and generated a rose genome assembly anchored to seven pseudo-chromosomes (512 Mb with N50 of 3.4 Mb and 564 contigs). The length of 512 Mb represents 90.1-96.1% of the estimated haploid genome size of rose. Of the assembly, 95% is contained in only 196 contigs. The anchoring was validated using high-density diploid and tetraploid genetic maps. We delineated hallmark chromosomal features, including the pericentromeric regions, through annotation of transposable element families and positioned centromeric repeats using fluorescent in situ hybridization. The rose genome displays extensive synteny with the Fragaria vesca genome, and we delineated only two major rearrangements. Genetic diversity was analysed using resequencing data of seven diploid and one tetraploid Rosa species selected from various sections of the genus. Combining genetic and genomic approaches, we identified potential genetic regulators of key ornamental traits, including prickle density and the number of flower petals. A rose APETALA2/TOE homologue is proposed to be the major regulator of petal number in rose. This reference sequence is an important resource for studying polyploidization, meiosis and developmental processes, as we demonstrated for flower and prickle development. It will also accelerate breeding through the development of molecular markers linked to traits, the identification of the genes underlying them and the exploitation of synteny across Rosaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hibrand Saint-Oyant
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T Ruttink
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - L Hamama
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - I Kirov
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
- Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Lakhwani
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - N N Zhou
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - P M Bourke
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - N Daccord
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - L Leus
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - D Schulz
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Van de Geest
- Wageningen University & Research, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Hesselink
- Wageningen University & Research, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Van Laere
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - K Debray
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - S Balzergue
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T Thouroude
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - A Chastellier
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - J Jeauffre
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - L Voisine
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - S Gaillard
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T J A Borm
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Arens
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R E Voorrips
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Maliepaard
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Neu
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Linde
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - M C Le Paslier
- INRA, US 1279 EPGV, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - A Bérard
- INRA, US 1279 EPGV, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - R Bounon
- INRA, US 1279 EPGV, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - J Clotault
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - N Choisne
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - H Quesneville
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - K Kawamura
- Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Aubourg
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - S Sakr
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - M J M Smulders
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Schijlen
- Wageningen University & Research, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Bucher
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T Debener
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - J De Riek
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - F Foucher
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France.
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14
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Hibrand Saint-Oyant L, Ruttink T, Hamama L, Kirov I, Lakhwani D, Zhou NN, Bourke PM, Daccord N, Leus L, Schulz D, Van de Geest H, Hesselink T, Van Laere K, Debray K, Balzergue S, Thouroude T, Chastellier A, Jeauffre J, Voisine L, Gaillard S, Borm TJA, Arens P, Voorrips RE, Maliepaard C, Neu E, Linde M, Le Paslier MC, Bérard A, Bounon R, Clotault J, Choisne N, Quesneville H, Kawamura K, Aubourg S, Sakr S, Smulders MJM, Schijlen E, Bucher E, Debener T, De Riek J, Foucher F. A high-quality genome sequence of Rosa chinensis to elucidate ornamental traits. Nat Plants 2018; 4:473-484. [PMID: 29892093 PMCID: PMC6786968 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Rose is the world's most important ornamental plant, with economic, cultural and symbolic value. Roses are cultivated worldwide and sold as garden roses, cut flowers and potted plants. Roses are outbred and can have various ploidy levels. Our objectives were to develop a high-quality reference genome sequence for the genus Rosa by sequencing a doubled haploid, combining long and short reads, and anchoring to a high-density genetic map, and to study the genome structure and genetic basis of major ornamental traits. We produced a doubled haploid rose line ('HapOB') from Rosa chinensis 'Old Blush' and generated a rose genome assembly anchored to seven pseudo-chromosomes (512 Mb with N50 of 3.4 Mb and 564 contigs). The length of 512 Mb represents 90.1-96.1% of the estimated haploid genome size of rose. Of the assembly, 95% is contained in only 196 contigs. The anchoring was validated using high-density diploid and tetraploid genetic maps. We delineated hallmark chromosomal features, including the pericentromeric regions, through annotation of transposable element families and positioned centromeric repeats using fluorescent in situ hybridization. The rose genome displays extensive synteny with the Fragaria vesca genome, and we delineated only two major rearrangements. Genetic diversity was analysed using resequencing data of seven diploid and one tetraploid Rosa species selected from various sections of the genus. Combining genetic and genomic approaches, we identified potential genetic regulators of key ornamental traits, including prickle density and the number of flower petals. A rose APETALA2/TOE homologue is proposed to be the major regulator of petal number in rose. This reference sequence is an important resource for studying polyploidization, meiosis and developmental processes, as we demonstrated for flower and prickle development. It will also accelerate breeding through the development of molecular markers linked to traits, the identification of the genes underlying them and the exploitation of synteny across Rosaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hibrand Saint-Oyant
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T Ruttink
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - L Hamama
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - I Kirov
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
- Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Lakhwani
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - N N Zhou
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - P M Bourke
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - N Daccord
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - L Leus
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - D Schulz
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Van de Geest
- Wageningen University & Research, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Hesselink
- Wageningen University & Research, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Van Laere
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - K Debray
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - S Balzergue
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T Thouroude
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - A Chastellier
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - J Jeauffre
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - L Voisine
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - S Gaillard
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T J A Borm
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Arens
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R E Voorrips
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Maliepaard
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Neu
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Linde
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - M C Le Paslier
- INRA, US 1279 EPGV, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - A Bérard
- INRA, US 1279 EPGV, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - R Bounon
- INRA, US 1279 EPGV, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - J Clotault
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - N Choisne
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - H Quesneville
- URGI, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - K Kawamura
- Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Aubourg
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - S Sakr
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - M J M Smulders
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Schijlen
- Wageningen University & Research, Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Bucher
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France
| | - T Debener
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
| | - J De Riek
- ILVO, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - F Foucher
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, Beaucouzé, France.
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15
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Menz I, Straube J, Linde M, Debener T. The TNL gene Rdr1 confers broad-spectrum resistance to Diplocarpon rosae. Mol Plant Pathol 2018; 19:1104-1113. [PMID: 28779550 PMCID: PMC6638031 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Black spot disease, which is caused by the ascomycete Diplocarpon rosae, is the most severe disease in field-grown roses in temperate regions and has been distributed worldwide, probably together with commercial cultivars. Here, we present data indicating that muRdr1A is the active Rdr1 gene, a single-dominant TIR-NBS-LRR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat) (TNL)-type resistance gene against black spot disease, which acts against a broad range of pathogenic isolates independent of the genetic background of the host genotype. Molecular analyses revealed that, compared with the original donor genotype, the multiple integrations that are found in the primary transgenic clone segregate into different integration patterns in its sexual progeny and do not show any sign of overexpression. Rdr1 provides resistance to 13 different single-spore isolates belonging to six different races and broad field mixtures of conidia; thus far, Rdr1 is only overcome by two races. The expression of muRdr1A, the active Rdr1 gene, leads to interaction patterns that are identical in the transgenic clones and the non-transgenic original donor genotype. This finding indicates that the interacting avirulence (Avr) factor on the pathogen side must be widespread among the pathogen populations and may have a central function in the rose-black spot interaction. Therefore, the Rdr1 gene, pyramided with only a few other R genes by sexual crosses, might be useful for breeding roses that are resistant to black spot because the spread of new pathogenic races of the fungus appears to be slow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Menz
- Department of Molecular Plant BreedingInstitute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover 30419Germany
| | - Jannis Straube
- Department of Molecular Plant BreedingInstitute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover 30419Germany
| | - Marcus Linde
- Department of Molecular Plant BreedingInstitute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover 30419Germany
| | - Thomas Debener
- Department of Molecular Plant BreedingInstitute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover 30419Germany
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16
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Bartkiewicz AM, Chilla F, Terefe-Ayana D, Lübeck J, Strahwald J, Tacke E, Hofferbert HR, Linde M, Debener T. Maximization of Markers Linked in Coupling for Tetraploid Potatoes via Monoparental Haploids. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:620. [PMID: 29868076 PMCID: PMC5949705 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Haploid potato populations derived from a single tetraploid donor constitute an efficient strategy to analyze markers segregating from a single donor genotype. Analysis of marker segregation in populations derived from crosses between polysomic tetraploids is complicated by a maximum of eight segregating alleles, multiple dosages of the markers and problems related to linkage analysis of marker segregation in repulsion. Here, we present data on two monoparental haploid populations generated by prickle pollination of two tetraploid cultivars with Solanum phureja and genotyped with the 12.8 k SolCAP single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. We show that in a population of monoparental haploids, the number of biallelic SNP markers segregating in linkage to loci from the tetraploid donor genotype is much larger than in putative crosses of this genotype to a diverse selection of 125 tetraploid cultivars. Although this strategy is more laborious than conventional breeding, the generation of haploid progeny for efficient marker analysis is straightforward if morphological markers and flow cytometry are utilized to select true haploid progeny. The level of introgressed fragments from S. phureja, the haploid inducer, is very low, supporting its suitability for genetic analysis. Mapping with single-dose markers allowed the analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for four phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M. Bartkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friederike Chilla
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Diro Terefe-Ayana
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Westhoff, Südlohn, Germany
| | - Jens Lübeck
- SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Hohenmocker, Germany
| | | | - Eckhard Tacke
- Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Linde
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Debener
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Debener
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Linde M, Edvinsson L, Manandhar K, Risal A, Steiner TJ. Migraine associated with altitude: results from a population-based study in Nepal. Eur J Neurol 2017; 24:1055-1061. [PMID: 28556384 PMCID: PMC5518276 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose A 1988 pilot study in Peru suggested an association between migraine and chronic exposure to high altitude. This study provides epidemiological evidence corroborating this. Methods In a cross‐sectional nationwide population‐based study, a representative sample of Nepali‐speaking adults were recruited through stratified multistage cluster sampling. They were visited at home by trained interviewers using a culturally adapted questionnaire. The altitude of dwelling of each participant was recorded. Results Of 2100 participants, over half [1100 (52.4%)] were resident above 1000 m and almost one quarter [470 (22.4%)] at ≥2000 m. Age‐ and gender‐standardized migraine prevalence increased from 27.9% to 45.5% with altitude between 0 and 2499 m and thereafter decreased to 37.9% at ≥2500 m. The likelihood of having migraine was greater (odds ratio, 1.5–2.2; P ≤ 0.007) at all higher altitudes compared with <500 m. In addition, all symptom indices increased with altitude across the range <500 m to 2000–2499 m, i.e. median attack frequency from 1.3 to 3.0 days/month (P < 0.001), median duration from 9 to 24 h (P < 0.001) and pain intensity [the proportion reporting ‘bad pain’ (highest intensity)] from 35.5% to 56.9% (P = 0.011). Each of these showed a downward trend above 2500 m. Conclusions Dwelling at high altitudes increases not only migraine prevalence but also the severity of its symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Linde
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L Edvinsson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Manandhar
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - A Risal
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - T J Steiner
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Busse F, Bartkiewicz A, Terefe-Ayana D, Niepold F, Schleusner Y, Flath K, Sommerfeldt-Impe N, Lübeck J, Strahwald J, Tacke E, Hofferbert HR, Linde M, Przetakiewicz J, Debener T. Genomic and Transcriptomic Resources for Marker Development in Synchytrium endobioticum, an Elusive but Severe Potato Pathogen. Phytopathology 2017; 107:322-328. [PMID: 27827007 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-16-0197-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Synchytrium endobioticum is an obligate biotrophic fungus that causes wart diseases in potato. Like other species of the class Chytridiomycetes, it does not form mycelia and its zoospores are small, approximately 3 μm in diameter, which complicates the detection of early stages of infection. Furthermore, potato wart disease is difficult to control because belowground organs are infected and resting spores of the fungus are extremely durable. Thus, S. endobioticum is classified as a quarantine organism. More than 40 S. endobioticum pathotypes have been reported, of which pathotypes 1(D1), 2(G1), 6(O1), 8(F1), and 18(T1) are the most important in Germany. No molecular methods for the differentiation of pathotypes are available to date. In this work, we sequenced both genomic DNA and cDNA of the German pathotype 18(T1) from infected potato tissue and generated 5,422 expressed sequence tags (EST) and 423 genomic contigs. Comparative sequencing of 33 genes, single-stranded confirmation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis with polymerase chain reaction fragments of 27 additional genes, as well as the analysis of 41 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci revealed extremely low levels of variation among five German pathotypes. From these markers, one sequence-characterized amplified region marker and five SSR markers revealed polymorphisms among the German pathotypes and an extended set of 11 additional European isolates. Pathotypes 8(F1) and 18(T1) displayed discrete polymorphisms which allow their differentiation from other pathotypes. Overall, using the information of the six markers, the 16 isolates could be differentiated into three distinct genotype groups. In addition to the presented markers, the new collection of EST from genus Synchytrium might serve in the future for molecular taxonomic studies as well as for analyses of the host-pathogen interactions in this difficult pathosystem. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Busse
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Annette Bartkiewicz
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Diro Terefe-Ayana
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Frank Niepold
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Yvonne Schleusner
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Kerstin Flath
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Nicole Sommerfeldt-Impe
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Jens Lübeck
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Josef Strahwald
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Eckhard Tacke
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Hans-Reinhard Hofferbert
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Marcus Linde
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Jarosław Przetakiewicz
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
| | - Thomas Debener
- First, second, third, twelfth, and fourteenth authors: Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany; fourth author: Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute of Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Braunschweig, Germany; fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: JKI, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection of Field Crops and Grassland, Kleinmachnow, Germany; eighth and ninth authors: SaKa Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, Windeby, Germany; tenth and eleventh authors: Böhm-Nordkartoffel Agrarproduktion GmbH & Co. OHG, Ebstorf, Germany; and thirteenth author: Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, Radzikow 05-870, Blonie, Poland
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Risal A, Manandhar K, Linde M, Koju R, Steiner TJ, Holen A. Reliability and Validity of a Nepali-language Version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2016; 13:115-24. [PMID: 26657079 DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v13i2.16783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In several languages and settings, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has demonstrated reliable and valid screening properties in psychiatry. OBJECTIVE To develop a Nepali version of HADS with acceptable reliability and construct validity for use among hospital patients and in the general population. METHOD The original English version was translated into Nepali using a forward-backward translation protocol. Psychometric properties were tested by factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. The translated scale was administered to three groups of adult in-patients in a university hospital in three trials, and to a sample of adults from the community in a fourth trial. Some of the 14 items were reworded reiteratively to achieve viable semantic and statistical solutions. RESULTS The two-factor solution with anxiety and depression subscales eventually explained 40.3% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha was 0.76 for anxiety (HADS-A) and 0.68 for depression (HADS-D). All seven HADS-A items showed at least acceptable item-to-factor correlations (range 0.44-0.74), and full construct validity was achieved for this subscale. Item-to-factor correlations for six HADS-D items were also at least acceptable (range 0.42-0.70); one item (D4) had persistently low correlations throughout all trials, although construct validity was still satisfactory. CONCLUSION Reiterated rewording of items guided by statistical testing resulted in a Nepali version of HADS with satisfactory psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Risal
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal. Department of Neuroscience Norwegian University
| | - K Manandhar
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal. Department of Neuroscience Norwegian University
| | - M Linde
- Department of Neuroscience Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway. Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches St Olavs University Hospital Trondheim, Norway
| | - R Koju
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - T J Steiner
- Department of Neuroscience Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway. Division of Brain Sciences Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Holen
- Department of Neuroscience Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway. Pain Unit, St Olavs University Hospital Trondheim, Norway
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Manandhar K, Risal A, Linde M, Koju R, Steiner TJ, Holen A. Measuring Neuroticism in Nepali: Reliability and Validity of the Neuroticism Subscale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2016; 13:156-61. [PMID: 26643834 DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v13i2.16790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Neuroticism subscale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short Form (12 items) (EPQRS-N) has proven to be a reliable and valid measure in multiple languages. OBJECTIVE To develop a single-factor Nepali-language version of the EPQRS-N for use in the adult population of Nepal. METHOD The original English version of EPQRS-N was translated into Nepali using a forward-backward translation protocol. The first set of translated items was modified after testing by factor analysis with principal component extraction in an outpatient sample. Items with low factor correlations or poor semantic consistencies were reworded to fit the gist of the original items in a Nepali cultural context; the revised version was then tested in a representative random sample from the general population. Again, the same statistical procedures were applied. RESULTS The first trial gave three factors. Based on the factor distribution of the items or their semantic quality, five were reworded. In the second trial, a two-factor solution emerged; the second factor had only one item with high correlation, which also had modest correlation with the first factor. Accordingly, a forced one-factor solution was chosen. This gave an internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.80, with item-to-factor correlations from 0.40 to 0.73, and item-to-sum correlations from 0.31 to 0.61. CONCLUSION The final Nepali version of EPQRS-N achieved satisfactory internal consistency. The item distribution coincided with the original English version, providing acceptable construct validity. It is psychometrically adequate for use in capturing the personality trait of neuroticism, and has broad applicability to the adult population of Nepal because of the diversity of the participant samples in which it was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Manandhar
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal. Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim, Norway
| | - A Risal
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal. Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Linde
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim, Norway. Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - R Koju
- Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - T J Steiner
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim, Norway. 4Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Holen
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim, Norway. Pain Unit, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Abstract
The authors have earlier reported a 1-year prevalence of 13.2 ± 1.9% for migraine in Sweden. This is a subsequent extensive postal survey of the burden of disease and attitudes among migraineurs in a sample ( n = 423, 23% men and 77% women, aged 18-74 years) randomly recruited from all main regions of the country, representative of adults in the general Swedish population with self-considered migraine. Results are presented only from participants who after analysis of symptoms were found to fulfil the International Headache Society's migraine criteria. In order to assess headache duration open-mindedly, the strict time criterion 4-72 h was deliberately disregarded as an inclusion criterion. Individuals who did not consider themselves to have migraine were excluded. Less than half of the group (45%) had received a diagnosis of migraine from a physician. Accordingly, a large number of individuals that would not have come to attention in a clinic-based study have been included. The mean attack frequency was 1.3 per month, and the number of attacks per year in Swedish adults is approximately 10 million. A minority (27%) of sufferers have a majority (68%) of all attacks. The mean attack duration was 19 h. A considerable number of individuals reported attacks < 4 h (15.8%) or > 72 h (6.4%). Less than half of the individuals recovered completely between the attacks. Despite this, only every fourth (27%) participant was currently consulting a physician (6% regularly; 21% occasionally). Most of the migraineurs reported absence from school or work, a negative influence of migraine on the most important aspects of life, and an interest in testing other treatments for migraine during the last year. Of those ( n = 231) migraineurs who had consulted a physician, about 60% were satisfied with information given or treatment offered. This implies, however, that there is still room for improvement in the management of migraine in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Linde
- Gothenburg Migraine Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
Over the years the paradigm of treating early during the migraine attack has become well established in clinical practice. It is also recommended that the 5-HT1B/1D agonists be administered early during the migraine attack for efficacy. This is because it has been proposed that most migraineurs are less responsive to delayed treatment, owing to the development of central sensitization of the pain transmission. The main objective of this prospective, cross-over study at a specialist clinic was to evaluate if these recommendations should also apply to the subcutaneous formulation of sumatriptan. Results are based on 20 adult International Headache Society migraineurs. Two attacks ( n = 40) were treated with 6 mg subcutaneous sumatriptan as early as possible after the onset of migraine headache and two attacks ( n = 40) as late as the patients could bear. The median intra-individual difference between the two strategies in time from first occurrence of pain to injection was 5.7 h and the median intra-individual difference in pain intensity at the time of injection was 29 visual analogue units. No significant differences were found in time to freedom from pain, pain severity at 1 and 2 h, area under the curves from injection to pain free or in headache recurrence after injection. At the end of the study, most of the patients claimed that their medication was as effective when given early as when given late in the course of the attack. The discrepancy between our present findings and retrospective analyses of trials on oral triptans probably has more to do with the less disturbed pharmacokinetics early during the migraine attack than with central sensitization. Consequently, we recommend nonoral formulations of triptans, which do not necessarily have to be administered early during the migraine attack to provide efficacy. In conclusion, it is reassuring for migraineurs that it is worthwhile taking their medication in an appropriate formulation even if they have not been able to do so early in the course of the attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Linde
- Gothenburg Migraine Clinic, and Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Uglem M, Omland P, Engstrøm M, Gravdahl G, Linde M, Hagen K, Sand T. Non-invasive cortical modulation of experimental pain in migraine. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:2362-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zeleňák M, Foldyna J, Linde M, Pude F, Rentsch T, Fernolendt J, Poort H. Measurement and Analysis of Abrasive Particles Velocities in AWSJ. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schulz DF, Schott RT, Voorrips RE, Smulders MJM, Linde M, Debener T. Genome-Wide Association Analysis of the Anthocyanin and Carotenoid Contents of Rose Petals. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1798. [PMID: 27999579 PMCID: PMC5138216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Petal color is one of the key characteristics determining the attractiveness and therefore the commercial value of an ornamental crop. Here, we present the first genome-wide association study for the important ornamental crop rose, focusing on the anthocyanin and carotenoid contents in petals of 96 diverse tetraploid garden rose genotypes. Cultivated roses display a vast phenotypic and genetic diversity and are therefore ideal targets for association genetics. For marker analysis, we used a recently designed Axiom SNP chip comprising 68,000 SNPs with additionally 281 SSRs, 400 AFLPs and 246 markers from candidate genes. An analysis of the structure of the rose population revealed three subpopulations with most of the genetic variation between individual genotypes rather than between clusters and with a high average proportion of heterozygous loci. The mapping of markers significantly associated with anthocyanin and carotenoid content to the related Fragaria and Prunus genomes revealed clusters of associated markers indicating five genomic regions associated with the total anthocyanin content and two large clusters associated with the carotenoid content. Among the marker clusters associated with the phenotypes, we found several candidate genes with known functions in either the anthocyanin or the carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. Among others, we identified a glutathione-S-transferase, 4CL, an auxin response factor and F3'H as candidate genes affecting anthocyanin concentration, and CCD4 and Zeaxanthine epoxidase as candidates affecting the concentration of carotenoids. These markers are starting points for future validation experiments in independent populations as well as for functional genomic studies to identify the causal factors for the observed color phenotypes. Furthermore, validated markers may be interesting tools for marker-assisted selection in commercial breeding programmes in that they provide the tools to identify superior parental combinations that combine several associated markers in higher dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar F. Schulz
- Abteilung Molekulare Pflanzenzüchtung, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibnitz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Rena T. Schott
- Abteilung Molekulare Pflanzenzüchtung, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibnitz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Roeland E. Voorrips
- Wageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research CentreWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marinus J. M. Smulders
- Wageningen University and Research Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research CentreWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcus Linde
- Abteilung Molekulare Pflanzenzüchtung, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibnitz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Debener
- Abteilung Molekulare Pflanzenzüchtung, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibnitz University HannoverHannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Debener
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Koju R, Manandhar K, Risal A, Steiner TJ, Holen A, Linde M. Undertreated Hypertension and its Implications for Public Health in Nepal: Nationwide Population-Based Survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 13:3-7. [DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v13i1.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypertension (HTN), a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is a substantial global public health problem. Occasional studies indicate a high prevalence of HTN in the Nepalese population, but no nationwide population-based data exist so far. We opportunistically used a survey of major disorders of the brain in Nepal to measure blood pressure (BP) in participants selected randomly from the adult general population.Objective To establish the prevalence of elevated BP (eBP), and factors associated with it, regardless of any antihypertensive therapy being taken. We took this to be indicative of unmet health-care need.Method This was a cross-sectional study, conducted by unannounced household visits, employing multistage random cluster sampling. To achieve representativeness, 15 districts out of 75 in the country were investigated: one district from each of the three physiographic divisions in each of the five development regions of Nepal. One adult aged 18-65 years was selected from each household and interviewed by structured questionnaire. BP was recorded in a standardised manner by digital device (Microlife 3BM1-3®).Result From 2,109 eligible households, 2,100 adults (99.6%) participated. The prevalence of eBP (>140/90 mmHg on ?2 readings) was found to be 15.1%. Multivariate logistic regression showed significant and independent associations with demographic variables (higher age, male gender), with life-style factors (daily alcohol consumption, BMI ?25), and with living at high altitude (?2000 m).Conclusion In the context of the survey we could not collect data on antihypertensive therapy being taken but, clearly, whatever this might have been, it was failing to meet treatment needs. Almost one in six adults met criteria for hypertension, carrying risk implications for CVDs and their substantial public-health consequences. Two remediable associated factors were identified, although in a cross-sectional survey we could not prove causation.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.13(1) 2015; 3-7
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Kuligowska K, Lütken H, Christensen B, Skovgaard I, Linde M, Winkelmann T, Müller R. Evaluation of reproductive barriers contributes to the development of novel interspecific hybrids in the Kalanchoë genus. BMC Plant Biol 2015; 15:15. [PMID: 25603831 PMCID: PMC4352236 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interspecific hybridization is a useful tool in ornamental breeding to increase genetic variability and introduce new valuable traits into existing cultivars. The successful formation of interspecific hybrids is frequently limited by the presence of pre- and post-fertilization barriers. In the present study, we investigated the nature of hybridization barriers occurring in crosses between Kalanchoë species and evaluated possibilities of obtaining interspecific hybrids. RESULTS The qualitative and quantitative analyses of pollen tube growth in situ were performed following intra- and interspecific pollinations. They revealed occurrence of pre-fertilization barriers associated with inhibition of pollen germination on the stigma and abnormal growth of pollen tubes. Unilateral incongruity related to differences in pistil length was also observed. The pollen quality was identified as a strong factor influencing the number of pollen tubes germinating in the stigma. In relation to post-fertilization barriers, endosperm degeneration was a probable barrier hampering production of interspecific hybrids. Moreover, our results demonstrate the relation of genetic distance estimated by AFLP marker analysis of hybridization partners with cross-compatibility of Kalanchoë species. At the same time, differences in ploidy did not influence the success of interspecific crosses. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents the first comprehensive analysis of hybridization barriers occurring within Kalanchoë genus. Reproductive barriers were detected on both, pre- and post-fertilization levels. This new knowledge will contribute to further understanding of reproductive isolation of Kalanchoë species and facilitate breeding of new cultivars. For the first time, interspecific hybrids between K. nyikae as maternal plant and K. blossfeldiana as well as K. blossfeldiana and K. marnieriana were generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kuligowska
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9-13, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Lütken
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9-13, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Brian Christensen
- AgroTech A/S, Inst. f. Agri Technology and Food Innovation, Højbakkegård Allé 21, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Ib Skovgaard
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, København Ø, Denmark.
| | - Marcus Linde
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Traud Winkelmann
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Renate Müller
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 9-13, DK-2630, Taastrup, Denmark.
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Viana M, Linde M, Sances G, Ghiotto N, Guaschino E, Allena M, Nappi G, Goadsby PJ, Tassorelli C. EHMTI-0045. The succession of aura and headache: a prospective diary-based study. J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4181881 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-d73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Viana M, Linde M, Sances G, Ghiotto N, Guaschino E, Allena M, Nappi G, Goadsby PJ, Tassorelli C. EHMTI-0024. The typical duration of migraine aura: a prospective diary-based study. J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4182122 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-d71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Manandhar K, Risal A, Steiner T, Holen A, Koju R, Linde M. EHMTI-0296. Estimating prevalence and burden of major disorders of the brain in Nepal: methodology of a nationwide population-based study. J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4180048 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-b21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Viana M, Linde M, Sances G, Ghiotto N, Guaschino E, Allena M, Nappi G, Goadsby PJ, Tassorelli C. EHMTI-0046. The succession of aura symptoms: a prospective diary-based study. J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4182273 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-d72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bratbak D, Nordgård S, Stovner L, Linde M, Tronvik E. EHMTI-0191. A novel approach for the treatment of cluster headache – onabotulinumtoxina block of the sphenopalatine ganglion. J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4181989 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Husøy AK, Honningsvåg LM, Håberg AK, Hagen K, Linde M, Gårseth M, Stovner LJ. EHMTI-0148. Perivascular spaces and headache: a population-based imaging study (MRI HUNT). J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4182254 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-f12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Fagernaes CF, Heuch I, Zwart JA, Winsvold BS, Linde M, Hagen K. Blood pressure as a risk factor for headache and migraine: a prospective population-based study. Eur J Neurol 2014; 22:156-62, e10-1. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. F. Fagernaes
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - I. Heuch
- Department of Neurology and FORMI; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - J.-A. Zwart
- Department of Neurology and FORMI; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - B. S. Winsvold
- Department of Neurology and FORMI; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - M. Linde
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Norwegian National Headache Centre; St Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
| | - K. Hagen
- Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
- Norwegian National Headache Centre; St Olavs University Hospital; Trondheim Norway
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Klie M, Schie S, Linde M, Debener T. The type of ploidy of chrysanthemum is not black or white: a comparison of a molecular approach to published cytological methods. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:479. [PMID: 25295046 PMCID: PMC4172100 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy is a widespread phenomenon among higher plants and a major factor shaping the structure and evolution of plant genomes. The important ornamental chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum hybrid) possesses a hexaploid genome with 54 chromosomes and was classified based on its evolutionary origin and cytological methods as an allopolyploid. However, it is questionable whether cytological methods are sufficient to determine the type of ploidy, and there are more informative methods available based on molecular marker analyses. Therefore, we collected segregation data for 406 dominant molecular marker alleles [327 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLPs), 65 single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCPs) and 14 microsatellites (EST-SSRs)] in a biparental F1 population of 160 individuals. We analyzed these data for the characteristics that differ between allopolyploids and autopolyploids, including the segregation ratio of each marker, the ratio of single-dose (SD) to multi-dose (MD) markers, the ratio of SD markers in coupling to those in repulsion and the banding patterns of the SSRs. Whereas the analysis of the segregation ratio of each polymorphic marker indicated disomic (13 markers) as well as hexasomic (eight markers) inheritance, the ratio of SD markers in coupling to those in repulsion was 1:0, which is characteristic of autopolyploids. The observed ratio of SD to MD markers was 0.67:0.33 which is significantly different to the expected segregation for auto- and allohexaploids. Furthermore, the three EST-SSR alleles were inherited in all possible combinations and were not independent of each other, as expected for fixed heterozygosity in allopolyploids. Combining our results with published cytological data indicates that cultivated chrysanthemums should be classified as segmental allohexaploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Klie
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
- Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht AG formerly Rabbethge and GieseckeEinbeck, Germany
| | - Stephan Schie
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
- Saaten-Union Biotec GmbHLeopoldshöhe, Germany
| | - Marcus Linde
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marcus Linde and Thomas Debener, Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Street 2, Hannover 30419, Germany e-mail: ;
| | - Thomas Debener
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marcus Linde and Thomas Debener, Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Street 2, Hannover 30419, Germany e-mail: ;
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Hagen K, Linde M, Steiner TJ, Zwart JA, Stovner LJ. Risk factors for MOH and chronic daily headache: an 11-year follow-up study. The Nord-Trøndelag Health Studies (HUNT). J Headache Pain 2013. [PMCID: PMC3620052 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-14-s1-p13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Stovner LJ, Hagen K, Linde M, Steiner TJ, Zwart JA. The relationship between headache and chronic musculoskeletal complaints: an 11-year follow-up in the The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). J Headache Pain 2013. [PMCID: PMC3620002 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-14-s1-p12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Linde M, Langnes HA, Hagen K, Bergh K, Stovner LJ. No increase in headache after previous intracranial infections: a historical cohort study (The Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey). J Headache Pain 2013. [PMCID: PMC3620365 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-14-s1-p148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Linde M, Langnes HA, Hagen K, Bergh K, Stovner LJ. No increase in headache after previous intracranial infections: a historical cohort study (The Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey). J Headache Pain 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-1-s1-p148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Stovner LJ, Hagen K, Linde M, Steiner TJ, Zwart JA. The relationship between headache and chronic musculoskeletal complaints: an 11-year follow-up in the The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). J Headache Pain 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-1-s1-p12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Varkey E, Linde M, Henoch I. "It's a balance between letting it influence life completely and not letting it influence life at all"--a qualitative study of migraine prevention from patients' perspective. Disabil Rehabil 2012; 35:835-44. [PMID: 22992052 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2012.709304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to elucidate migraine prevention from a patient perspective. METHOD Twenty-one participants who suffered from migraine were interviewed and the data analysed by means of qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The analysis revealed two categories; Avoiding migraine triggers and introducing migraine inhibiting strategies. In both categories, decisions were influenced by an appraisal of the advantages versus disadvantages, attitudes, support and knowledge. An overarching theme: "migraine prevention from the patients' perspective is a balance between letting it influence life completely and not letting it influence life at all" was identified from the interviews. CONCLUSIONS As migraine is a chronic disorder that cannot be cured, merely relieved, prevention is of great importance. The present study highlights migraine prevention from the patients' perspective and the important issue of how much prevention is allowed to influence life. Either of the directions involves a risk that life can be controlled by migraine. Acceptance of the disease and allowing migraine prevention to influence life to some degree can be a way of regaining control. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION • Migraine prevention from the patients' perspective is described as a balance between letting it influence life completely and not letting it influence life at all, which in either direction can lead to a life controlled by migraine. • To take the patients' perspectives of the illness in consideration as well as finding the most suitable treatment, based on an appraisal of individual advantages versus disadvantages is important to meet the need of the patient and to improve migraine prevention. Increased knowledge about migraine prevention is imperative both in health care and for the individual patient. Support during prevention is requested by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Varkey
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Terefe-Ayana D, Kaufmann H, Linde M, Debener T. Evolution of the Rdr1 TNL-cluster in roses and other Rosaceous species. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:409. [PMID: 22905676 PMCID: PMC3503547 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The resistance of plants to pathogens relies on two lines of defense: a basal defense response and a pathogen-specific system, in which resistance (R) genes induce defense reactions after detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS). In the specific system, a so-called arms race has developed in which the emergence of new races of a pathogen leads to the diversification of plant resistance genes to counteract the pathogens’ effect. The mechanism of resistance gene diversification has been elucidated well for short-lived annual species, but data are mostly lacking for long-lived perennial and clonally propagated plants, such as roses. We analyzed the rose black spot resistance gene, Rdr1, in five members of the Rosaceae: Rosa multiflora, Rosa rugosa, Fragaria vesca (strawberry), Malus x domestica (apple) and Prunus persica (peach), and we present the deduced possible mechanism of R-gene diversification. Results We sequenced a 340.4-kb region from R. rugosa orthologous to the Rdr1 locus in R. multiflora. Apart from some deletions and rearrangements, the two loci display a high degree of synteny. Additionally, less pronounced synteny is found with an orthologous locus in strawberry but is absent in peach and apple, where genes from the Rdr1 locus are distributed on two different chromosomes. An analysis of 20 TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) genes obtained from R. rugosa and R. multiflora revealed illegitimate recombination, gene conversion, unequal crossing over, indels, point mutations and transposable elements as mechanisms of diversification. A phylogenetic analysis of 53 complete TNL genes from the five Rosaceae species revealed that with the exception of some genes from apple and peach, most of the genes occur in species-specific clusters, indicating that recent TNL gene diversification began prior to the split of Rosa from Fragaria in the Rosoideae and peach from apple in the Spiraeoideae and continued after the split in individual species. Sequence similarity of up to 99% is obtained between two R. multiflora TNL paralogs, indicating a very recent duplication. Conclusions The mechanisms by which TNL genes from perennial Rosaceae diversify are mainly similar to those from annual plant species. However, most TNL genes appear to be of recent origin, likely due to recent duplications, supporting the hypothesis that TNL genes in woody perennials are generally younger than those from annuals. This recent origin might facilitate the development of new resistance specificities, compensating for longer generation times in woody perennials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diro Terefe-Ayana
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Str, 2, Hannover, 30419, Germany
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Hagen K, Linde M, Steiner TJ, Zwart JA, Stovner LJ. The bidirectional relationship between headache and chronic musculoskeletal complaints: an 11-year follow-up in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Eur J Neurol 2012; 19:1447-54. [PMID: 22519547 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chronic daily headache (CDH) and chronic musculoskeletal complaints (CMSCs) are associated disorders, but whether there is a causal relationship between them is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether CMSCs are associated with the subsequent development of CDH and vice versa. METHODS This longitudinal population-based cohort study used data from two consecutive surveys in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT 2 and 3) performed in 1995-1997 and 2006-2008. Amongst the 51 383 participants aged ≥ 20 years at baseline, 41 766 were eligible approximately 11 years later. Of these, 26 197 (63%) completed the questions regarding headache and CMSCs in HUNT 3. RESULTS A bidirectional relationship was found between headache and CMSCs. In the multivariate analyses adjusting for known potential confounders, a nearly two fold risk (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-2.3) for developing CDH was found for those with CMSCs at baseline. Vice versa, a similarly elevated risk of CMSCs (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2-2.6), and even higher risk of chronic widespread MSCs (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.6-4.7), was found at follow-up amongst those with CDH at baseline. CONCLUSION CMSCs predispose to CDH and CDH predisposes to CMSCs 11 years later. This may have relevance to understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders. CMSCs should be treated not only to relieve them but also to prevent the development of CDH, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hagen
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Linde M, Gustavsson A, Stovner LJ, Steiner TJ, Barré J, Katsarava Z, Lainez JM, Lampl C, Lantéri-Minet M, Rastenyte D, Ruiz de la Torre E, Tassorelli C, Andrée C. The cost of headache disorders in Europe: the Eurolight project. Eur J Neurol 2011; 19:703-11. [PMID: 22136117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Linde
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent scientific data support an effect of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) on pain and headache. OBJECTIVE We sought to conduct a systematic review of BoNT in the secondary headaches and cranial neuralgias. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials.gov and reference lists were searched up to December 2010 to identify all relevant publications. RESULTS Only two papers were rated as highest evidence (Level 1). The absolute majority (30/38, 79%) of identified publications yield only low evidence (Level 4). DISCUSSION No treatment recommendations of Grade A or Grade B can be made based on available research. Grade C treatment recommendations in support of BoNT can be made for chronic headache attributed to whiplash injury, cephalalgic alopecia areata, headache and facial pain in blepharospasm, trigeminal neuralgia, occipital neuralgia and nummular headache. As a result of studies being troublingly inconsistent or inconclusive, only the weakest rank of recommendations (Grade D) can be made for using BoNT in medication overuse headache, cervicogenic headache, headache attributed to craniocervical dystonia, pain in masticatory hyperactivity and headache or facial pain attributed to temporomandibular disorder. CONCLUSION At present, BoNT cannot be firmly recommended as an evidence-based treatment in secondary headaches or cranial neuralgias.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Linde
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Linde M, Langnes HA, Hagen K, Bergh K, Stovner LJ. No increase in headache after previous intracranial infections: a historical cohort study (HUNT). Eur J Neurol 2011; 19:324-31. [PMID: 21951375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite the absence of robust scientific evidence, it is today generally accepted that the acute headache typical for intracranial infections can develop into permanent headache complaints. This widespread concept was explored in the first, large, longitudinal, population-based study. METHODS Data on confirmed exposure to intracranial infections amongst all adult inhabitants in a geographical area during a 20-year period were assembled from hospital records. Surviving individuals were later invited to the third Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey (HUNT 3), where 39,690 (42%) of 94,194 invited inhabitants aged ≥20 years responded to a validated headache questionnaire. Using logistic regression, the 1-year prevalence of headache and its subtypes according to the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society was assessed and compared between those with and without previous confirmed intracranial infection. Age and sex were used as covariates. RESULTS Overall, 43 participants were identified with earlier intracranial infection, whereof three had more than one infection: bacterial meningitis (n=19), lymphocytic meningitis (n=18), encephalitis (n=9), and brain abscess (n=1).The mean interval from infection to participation in HUNT 3 was 11.2 (range 1.5-19.7) years. There was no significant increase in the prevalence of headache (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.58-2.07), its subtypes (migraine, or tension-type headache), or chronic daily headache (OR 1.85, 95% CI 0.45-7.68) amongst participants with previous intracranial infection compared with the surrounding population. CONCLUSIONS This study challenges the existence of chronic post-bacterial meningitis headache and does not indicate the presence of other long-term headaches induced by intracranial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Linde
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Palmer M, Gómez-Pujol L, Pons GX, Mateu J, Linde M. Noisy data and distribution maps: the example of Phylan semicostatus Mulsant and Rey, 1854 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) from Serra de Tramuntana (Mallorca, Western Mediterranean). GRAELLSIA 2011. [DOI: 10.3989/graellsia.2003.v59.i2-3.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Laurell K, Artto V, Bendtsen L, Hagen K, Kallela M, Meyer EL, Putaala J, Tronvik E, Zwart JA, Linde M. Migrainous infarction: a Nordic multicenter study. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18:1220-6. [PMID: 21414105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Migrainous infarction (MI), i.e., an ischemic stroke developing during an attack of migraine with aura is rare and the knowledge of its clinical characteristics is limited. Previous case series using the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) included <10 cases which make conclusions less valid. This study aimed to describe characteristics and outcome of MI in a larger sample. METHODS We analyzed demographic data, risk factors, migraine medication, stroke localization, symptoms, and outcome in a sample of 33 patients with MI according to second edition of the ICHD criteria collected from seven Nordic headache clinics. RESULTS Amongst 33 patients with MI, there were 20 (61%) women and 13 (39%) men with the median age for stroke of 39 (range 19-76) years. Traditional risk factors for stroke were rare compared with Scandinavian young ischemic stroke populations. During the acute phase, 12 (36%) patients used ergotamines or triptans. Stroke was located in the posterior circulation in 27 (82%) patients and cerebellum was involved in 7 (21%). Except in two patients with brainstem infarctions, the outcome was favorable with total recovery or limited residual symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of traditional risk factors was low and the infarctions were predominantly located in posterior circulation territory, supporting theories of migraine specific mechanisms. The outcome was in general favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Laurell
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. mail:
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Spiller M, Linde M, Hibrand-Saint Oyant L, Tsai CJ, Byrne DH, Smulders MJM, Foucher F, Debener T. Towards a unified genetic map for diploid roses. Theor Appl Genet 2011; 122:489-500. [PMID: 20936462 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed the first integrated consensus map (ICM) for rose, based on the information of four diploid populations and more than 1,000 initial markers. The single population maps are linked via 59 bridge markers, on average 8.4 per linkage group (LG). The integrated map comprises 597 markers, 206 of which are sequence-based, distributed over a length of 530 cM on seven LGs. By using a larger effective population size and therefore higher marker density, the marker order in the ICM is more reliable than in the single population maps. This is supported by a more even marker distribution and a decrease in gap sizes in the consensus map as compared to the single population maps. This unified map establishes a standard nomenclature for rose LGs, and presents the location of important ornamental traits, such as self-incompatibility, black spot resistance (Rdr1), scent production and recurrent blooming. In total, the consensus map includes locations for 10 phenotypic single loci, QTLs for 7 different traits and 51 ESTs or gene-based molecular markers. This consensus map combines for the first time the information for traits with high relevance for rose variety development. It will serve as a tool for selective breeding and marker assisted selection. It will benefit future efforts of the rose community to sequence the whole rose genome and will be useful for synteny studies in the Rosaceae family and especially in the section Rosoideae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Spiller
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhaeuser Strasse 2, Hannover, Germany
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Terefe-Ayana D, Yasmin A, Le TL, Kaufmann H, Biber A, Kühr A, Linde M, Debener T. Mining disease-resistance genes in roses: functional and molecular characterization of the rdr1 locus. Front Plant Sci 2011; 2:35. [PMID: 22639591 PMCID: PMC3355636 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of roses with the leaf spot pathogen Diplocarpon rosae (the cause of black spot on roses) is an interesting pathosystem because it involves a long-lived woody perennial, with life history traits very different from most model plants, and a hemibiotrophic pathogen with moderate levels of gene flow. Here we present data on the molecular structure of the first monogenic dominant resistance gene from roses, Rdr1, directed against one isolate of D. rosae. Complete sequencing of the locus carrying the Rdr1 gene resulted in a sequence of 265,477 bp with a cluster of nine highly related TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) candidate genes. After sequencing revealed candidate genes for Rdr1, we implemented a gene expression analysis and selected five genes out of the nine TNLs. We then silenced the whole TNL gene family using RNAi (Rdr1-RNAi) constructed from the most conserved sequence region and demonstrated a loss of resistance in the normally resistant genotype. To identify the functional TNL gene, we further screened the five TNL candidate genes with a transient leaf infiltration assay. The transient expression assay indicated a single TNL gene (muRdr1H), partially restoring resistance in the susceptible genotype. Rdr1 was found to localize within the muRdr1 gene family; the genes within this locus contain characteristic motifs of active TNL genes and belong to a young cluster of R genes. The transient leaf assay can be used to further analyze the rose black spot interaction and its evolution, extending the analyses to additional R genes and to additional pathogenic types of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diro Terefe-Ayana
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Aneela Yasmin
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Thanh Loan Le
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Helgard Kaufmann
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Anja Biber
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Astrid Kühr
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Marcus Linde
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Debener
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University HannoverHannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Thomas Debener, Institute for Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. e-mail:
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