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Winiecki M, Stepczyńska M, Moraczewski K, Skowronski L, Trzcinski M, Rerek T, Malinowski R. Effect of Low-Temperature Oxygen Plasma Treatment of Titanium Alloy Surface on Tannic Acid Coating Deposition. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1065. [PMID: 38473537 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of low-temperature oxygen plasma treatment with various powers of a titanium alloy surface on the structural and morphological properties of a substrate and the deposition of a tannic acid coating was investigated. The surface characteristics of the titanium alloy were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements. Following this, the tannic acid coatings were deposited on the titanium alloy substrates and the structural and morphological properties of the tannic acid coatings deposited were subject to characterization by XPS, SEM, and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements. The results show that the low-temperature oxygen plasma treatment of titanium alloys leads to the formation of titanium dioxides that contain -OH groups on the surface being accompanied by a reduction in carbon, which imparts hydrophilicity to the titanium substrate, and the effect increases with the applied plasma power. The performed titanium alloy substrate modification translates into the quality of the deposited tannic acid coating standing out by higher uniformity of the coating, lower number of defects indicating delamination or incomplete bonding of the coating with the substrate, lower number of cracks, thinner cracks, and higher thickness of the tannic acid coatings compared to the non-treated titanium alloy substrate. A similar effect is observed as the applied plasma power increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Winiecki
- Department of Constructional Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stepczyńska
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Moraczewski
- Department of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skowronski
- Division of Surface Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Trzcinski
- Division of Surface Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rerek
- Division of Surface Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Rafał Malinowski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 55, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Skowronski L, Chodun R, Trzcinski M, Zdunek K. Optical Properties of Amorphous Carbon Thin Films Fabricated Using a High-Energy-Impulse Magnetron-Sputtering Technique. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:7049. [PMID: 37959647 PMCID: PMC10650649 DOI: 10.3390/ma16217049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the results of amorphous carbon thin films fabricated by using the gas-impulse-injection magnetron-sputtering method and differing the accelerating voltage (1.0-1.4 kV). The obtained layers were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XRD), and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The analysis of the Raman and XPS spectra point to the significant content of sp3 hybridization in the synthesized materials (above 54-73%). The refractive index of the films is very high-above 2.45 in the infrared spectral range. The band-gap energy (determined using the inversed-logarithmic-derivative method) depends on the discharging voltage and is in the range from 1.58 eV (785 nm) to 2.45 eV (506 nm). Based on the obtained results, we have elaborated a model explaining the a-C layers' formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skowronski
- Division of Surface Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Rafal Chodun
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marek Trzcinski
- Division of Surface Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Zdunek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland;
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Mosińska L, Szczęsny R, Trzcinski M, Naparty MK. Impact of Methanol Concentration on Properties of Ultra-Nanocrystalline Diamond Films Grown by Hot-Filament Chemical Vapour Deposition. Materials 2021; 15:5. [PMID: 35009151 PMCID: PMC8745924 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diamond is a very interesting material with a wide range of properties, making it highly applicable, for example, in power electronics, chemo- and biosensors, tools' coatings, and heaters. Due to the high demand for this innovative material based on the properties it is already expected to have, it is important to obtain homogeneous diamond layers for specific applications. Doping is often chosen to modify the properties of layers. However, there is an alternative way to achieve this goal and it is shown in this publication. The presented research results reveal that the change in methanol content during the Hot Filament Chemical Vapour Deposition (HF CVD) process is a sufficient factor to tune the properties of deposited layers. This was confirmed by analysing the properties of the obtained layers, which were determined using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and an atomic force microscope (AFM), and the results were correlated with those of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the increasing of the concentration of methanol resulted in a slight decrease in the sp3 phase content. At the same time, the concentration of the -H, -OH, and =O groups increased with the increasing of the methanol concentration. This affirmed that by changing the content of methanol, it is possible to obtain layers with different properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mosińska
- Institute of Physics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 2, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Szczęsny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Marek Trzcinski
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Karol Naparty
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Rerek T, Derkowska-Zielinska B, Trzcinski M, Szczesny R, Naparty MK, Skowronski L. Influence of the Microstructure and Optical Constants on Plasmonic Properties of Copper Nanolayers. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:7292. [PMID: 34885447 PMCID: PMC8658243 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Copper layers with thicknesses of 12, 25, and 35 nm were thermally evaporated on silicon substrates (Si(100)) with two different deposition rates 0.5 and 5.0 Å/s. The microstructure of produced coatings was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and powder X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Ellipsometric measurements were used to determine the effective dielectric functions <ε˜> as well as the quality indicators of the localized surface plasmon (LSP) and the surface plasmon polariton (SPP). The composition and purity of the produced films were analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Rerek
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (M.K.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Beata Derkowska-Zielinska
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Marek Trzcinski
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (M.K.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Robert Szczesny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Mieczyslaw K. Naparty
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (M.K.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Lukasz Skowronski
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (M.K.N.); (L.S.)
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Jurek K, Szczesny R, Trzcinski M, Ciesielski A, Borysiuk J, Skowronski L. The Influence of Annealing on the Optical Properties and Microstructure Recrystallization of the TiO 2 Layers Produced by Means of the E-BEAM Technique. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14195863. [PMID: 34640273 PMCID: PMC8510399 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide films, about 200 nm in thickness, were deposited using the e-BEAM technique at room temperature and at 227 °C (500K) and then annealed in UHV conditions (as well as in the presence of oxygen (at 850 °C). The fabricated dielectric films were examined using X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The applied experimental techniques allowed us to characterize the phase composition and the phase transformation of the fabricated TiO2 coatings. The films produced at room temperature are amorphous but after annealing consist of anatase crystallites. The layers fabricated at 227 °C contain both anatase and rutile phases. In this case the anatase crystallites are accumulated near the substrate interface whilst the rutile crystallites were formed closer to the surface of the TiO2 film. It should be emphasized that these two phases of TiO2 are distinctly separated from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jurek
- Deparrment of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Robert Szczesny
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Marek Trzcinski
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Arkadiusz Ciesielski
- Division of Solid State Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02−093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Borysiuk
- Division of Solid State Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02−093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Lukasz Skowronski
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Skowronski L, Trzcinski M, Olszewska A, Szczesny R. Microstructure and Optical Properties of Nanostructural Thin Films Fabricated through Oxidation of Au-Sn Intermetallic Compounds. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14144034. [PMID: 34300953 PMCID: PMC8307610 DOI: 10.3390/ma14144034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AuSn and AuSn2 thin films (5 nm) were used as precursors during the formation of semiconducting metal oxide nanostructures on a silicon substrate. The nanoparticles were produced in the processes of annealing and oxidation of gold–tin intermetallic compounds under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The formation process and morphology of a mixture of SnO2 and Au@SnOx (the core–shell structure) nanoparticles or Au nanocrystalites were carefully examined by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The annealing and oxidation of the thin film of the AuSn intermetallic compound led to the formation of uniformly distributed structures with a size of ∼20–30 nm. All of the synthesized nanoparticles exhibited a strong absorption band at 520–530 nm, which is typical for pure metallic or metal oxide systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skowronski
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marek Trzcinski
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (A.O.)
| | - Aleksandra Olszewska
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.T.); (A.O.)
| | - Robert Szczesny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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Dychalska A, Koczorowski W, Trzcinski M, Mosińska L, Szybowicz M. The Effect of Surface Treatment on Structural Properties of CVD Diamond Layers with Different Grain Sizes Studied by Raman Spectroscopy. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1301. [PMID: 33800508 PMCID: PMC7962972 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Extensive Raman spectroscopy studies combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were performed to investigate structural and chemical changes in diamond layers deposited by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) upon post-growth treatment with hydrogen. The aim of this study is to characterize the changes in micro-structural properties of diamond layers with different grain sizes and different contents of sp2 carbon phase. Hydrogenation or oxidization of diamond layer surface is often performed to modify its properties; however, it can also strongly affect the surface structure. In this study, the impact of hydrogenation on the structure of diamond layer surface and its chemical composition is investigated. Owing to their polycrystalline nature, the structural properties of CVD diamond layers can strongly differ within the same layer. Therefore, in this project, in order to compare the results before and after hydrogen treatment, the diamond layers are subjected to Raman spectroscopy studies in the vicinity of a T-shape marker fabricated on the surface of each diamond layer studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dychalska
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Koczorowski
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89C, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Trzcinski
- Institute of Mathematics and Physics, UTP University of Science and Technology, al. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Lidia Mosińska
- Institute of Physics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 2, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Szybowicz
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
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Ciesielski A, Skowronski L, Trzcinski M, Górecka E, Pacuski W, Szoplik T. Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2019; 10:238-246. [PMID: 30746317 PMCID: PMC6350888 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal nanolayers on flat substrates are often deposited with the use of semiconductor interlayers, which may strongly interact with the noble metal overlayer. We investigated the crystallinity, atomic concentration profile and optical parameters of ≈35 nm-thick silver and gold layers deposited on glass substrates with 2 nm-thick tellurium or selenium interlayers. Our study, based on X-ray reflectometry (XRR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ellipsometric measurements, showed that using either of these interlayers introduces strain in nanocrystals of both plasmonic films. This, in turn, influences the migration of Se and Te into the metal layers. Selenium atoms migrate both in the silver and gold nanolayers, while tellurium atoms migrate only in silver. The Te concentration curve clearly suggests that this migration is an effect of the segregation of Te atoms in the silver structure. The differences in crystallinity, as well as the migration process, strongly influence the optical parameters of Ag and Au. In the permittivity of Ag deposited on either Te or Se, additional plasmonic bands originating from grain boundary segregation or diffusion occur, while for the Au layer, such resonances were not pronounced. In the permittivity of both materials, the intensity of the interband transition peaks is strongly altered, possibly due to the nano-alloy formation, but more likely due to the microstrain on metal grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Ciesielski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Pasteura 5 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skowronski
- UTP University of Science and Technology, Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Kaliskiego 7 Str., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Trzcinski
- UTP University of Science and Technology, Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Kaliskiego 7 Str., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Górecka
- University of Warsaw, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pacuski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Pasteura 5 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szoplik
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Pasteura 5 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Wróbel P, Stefaniuk T, Trzcinski M, Wronkowska AA, Wronkowski A, Szoplik T. Ge wetting layer increases ohmic plasmon losses in Ag film due to segregation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:8999-9005. [PMID: 25871505 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the influence of the Ge wetting layer on both ohmic and scattering losses of a surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) wave in Ag film deposited on SiO2 substrate with an e-beam evaporator. Samples were examined by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), two-dimensional X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and microscopic four-point probe (M4PP) sheet resistance measurements. Ag films of 100 nm thickness were deposited at 180 and 295 K directly onto the substrates with or without a Ge interlayer. In AFM scans, we confirm the fact that the commonly used Ge adhesion layer smooths the surface of Ag film and therefore reduces scattering losses of the SPP wave on surface roughness. However, our ellipsometric measurements indicate for the first time that segregation of Ge leads to a considerable increase in ohmic losses connected with a boost of the imaginary part of Ag permittivity in the 500-800 nm spectral range. Moreover, the trend develops over time, as confirmed in a series of measurements performed over an interval of three months. XPS analysis confirms the Ge segregation to the Ag free surface and most probably to grain boundaries. M4PP measurements show that the specific resistivity in Ag films evaporated on a Ge interlayer at 295 K is nearly twice as high as in layers deposited directly on a SiO2 substrate. The use of an amorphous Al2O3 overlayer prevents Ge segregation to free surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wróbel
- †University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Pasteura 7 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Stefaniuk
- †University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Pasteura 7 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Trzcinski
- ‡UTP University of Science and Technology, Institute of Mathematics and Physicsy, Kaliskiego 7 St., 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra A Wronkowska
- ‡UTP University of Science and Technology, Institute of Mathematics and Physicsy, Kaliskiego 7 St., 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wronkowski
- ‡UTP University of Science and Technology, Institute of Mathematics and Physicsy, Kaliskiego 7 St., 85-789 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szoplik
- †University of Warsaw, Faculty of Physics, Pasteura 7 St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Kornecki S, Kulig K, Mularczyk W, Trzcinski M. The relationship between force produced against objects of different mobility during static and dynamic conditions. J Biomech 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(89)90331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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