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de Miguel-Perez D, Ortega FG, Tejada RG, Martínez-Única A, Peterson CB, Russo A, Gunasekaran M, Cardona AF, Amezcua V, Lorente JA, Expósito Hernández J, Rolfo C, Serrano MJ. Baseline extracellular vesicle miRNA-30c and autophagic CTCs predict chemoradiotherapy resistance and outcomes in patients with lung cancer. Biomark Res 2023; 11:98. [PMID: 37968730 PMCID: PMC10652484 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) is the mainstay of treatment for patients diagnosed with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One significant challenge in the effectiveness of this therapy is the potential development of resistance mechanisms, where autophagy up-regulation has been proposed as a key contributing factor. However, there is a lack of reliable biomarkers to predict outcomes on these patients. Interestingly, for addressing this gap, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have emerged as potential sources of such biomarkers. In this study, we investigated EV-associated miRNAs and presence of autophagic CTCs in prospectively collected serial samples from 38 patients with stage III NSCLC undergoing cCRT. Our findings revealed that non-responders exhibited low levels of baseline EV miR-375, miR-200c, and miR-30c. In particular, EV miR-30c showed high predictive value with an area under the curve of 87.2%. Low EV miR-30c and the presence of autophagic-activated CTCs emerged as independent predictive biomarkers for shorter relapse-free survival and overall survival. Furthermore, in experimental models simulating the effects of chemo- and radiotherapy, the administration of miR-30c, either through direct transfection or encapsulation into human EVs, led to the inhibition of autophagy in these cells. This is the first report demonstrating that EV miR-30c inhibits tumor autophagy and its quantification, together with autophagic-activated CTCs, could be used as biomarkers for the stratification and monitoring of patients with NSCLC undergoing cCRT, and they may hold promising potential for guiding subsequent consolidation treatment with immunotherapy or other novel therapies based on autophagy inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de Miguel-Perez
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, Granada, 18016, Spain
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Francisco Gabriel Ortega
- Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, Granada, 18016, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute IBS-Granada, Avda. de Madrid, 15, Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - Rosario Guerrero Tejada
- Radiation Oncology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Única
- Radiation Oncology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Christine B Peterson
- Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Muthukumar Gunasekaran
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Andres F Cardona
- Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC) / Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC) / Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Victor Amezcua
- Integral Oncology Division, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Av. Dr. Olóriz 16, Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, Granada, 18016, Spain
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Jose Expósito Hernández
- Biomedical Research Institute IBS-Granada, Avda. de Madrid, 15, Granada, 18012, Spain
- Radiation Oncology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Avenida de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, Granada, 18014, Spain
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Maria Jose Serrano
- Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, Granada, 18016, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute IBS-Granada, Avda. de Madrid, 15, Granada, 18012, Spain.
- Integral Oncology Division, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Av. Dr. Olóriz 16, Granada, 18012, Spain.
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de Miguel-Perez D, Russo A, Gunasekaran M, Buemi F, Hester L, Fan X, Carter-Cooper BA, Lapidus RG, Peleg A, Arroyo-Hernández M, Cardona AF, Naing A, Hirsch FR, Mack PC, Kaushal S, Serrano MJ, Adamo V, Arrieta O, Rolfo C. Baseline extracellular vesicle TGF-β is a predictive biomarker for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer 2023; 129:521-530. [PMID: 36484171 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an effective therapeutic strategy, improving the survival of patients with lung cancer compared with conventional treatments. However, novel predictive biomarkers are needed to stratify which patients derive clinical benefit because the currently used and highly heterogenic histological PD-L1 has shown low accuracy. Liquid biopsy is the analysis of biomarkers in body fluids and represents a minimally invasive tool that can be used to monitor tumor evolution and treatment effects, potentially reducing biases associated with tumor heterogeneity associated with tissue biopsies. In this context, cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), can be found free in circulation in the blood and packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have a specific delivery tropism and can affect in tumor/immune system interaction. TGF-β is an immunosuppressive cytokine that plays a crucial role in tumor immune escape, treatment resistance, and metastasis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of circulating and EV TGF-β in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer receiving ICIs. METHODS Plasma samples were collected in 33 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer before and during treatment with ICIs. EV were isolated from plasma by serial ultracentrifugation methods and circulating and EV TGF-β expression levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Baseline high expression of TGF-β in EVs was associated with nonresponse to ICIs as well as shorter progression-free survival and overall survival, outperforming circulating TGF-β levels and tissue PD-L1 as a predictive biomarker. CONCLUSION If validated, EV TGF-β could be used to improve patient stratification, increasing the effectiveness of treatment with ICIs and potentially informing combinatory treatments with TGF-β blockade. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has improved the survival of some patients with lung cancer. However, the majority of patients do not benefit from this treatment, making it essential to develop more reliable biomarkers to identify patients most likely to benefit. In this pilot study, the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in blood circulation and in extracellular vesicles was analyzed. The levels of extracellular vesicle TGF-β before treatment were able to determine which patients would benefit from treatment with ICIs and have a longer survival with higher accuracy than circulating TGF-β and tissue PD-L1, which is the currently used biomarker in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de Miguel-Perez
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Medical System & Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Muthukumar Gunasekaran
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Francesco Buemi
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Lisa Hester
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon A Carter-Cooper
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ariel Peleg
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Medical System & Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Andres F Cardona
- Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC)/Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC)/Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Aung Naing
- Departments of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Medical System & Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip C Mack
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Medical System & Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria Jose Serrano
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Adamo
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Medical System & Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Serrano MJ, Malapelle U. Comments on roles of circulating tumor cells in the metastatic cascade and tumor immune escape: biology and clinical translation. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006106. [PMID: 36657814 PMCID: PMC9853213 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Serrano
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
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4
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de Miguel-Perez D, Russo A, Arrieta O, Ak M, Barron F, Gunasekaran M, Mamindla P, Lara-Mejia L, Peterson CB, Er ME, Peddagangireddy V, Buemi F, Cooper B, Manca P, Lapidus RG, Hsia RC, Cardona AF, Naing A, Kaushal S, Hirsch FR, Mack PC, Serrano MJ, Adamo V, Colen RR, Rolfo C. Extracellular vesicle PD-L1 dynamics predict durable response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:186. [PMID: 35650597 PMCID: PMC9161571 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) changed the therapeutic landscape of patients with lung cancer. However, only a subset of them derived clinical benefit and evidenced the need to identify reliable predictive biomarkers. Liquid biopsy is the non-invasive and repeatable analysis of biological material in body fluids and a promising tool for cancer biomarkers discovery. In particular, there is growing evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in tumor progression and in tumor-immune interactions. Thus, we evaluated whether extracellular vesicle PD-L1 expression could be used as a biomarker for prediction of durable treatment response and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing treatment with ICIs. METHODS Dynamic changes in EV PD-L1 were analyzed in plasma samples collected before and at 9 ± 1 weeks during treatment in a retrospective and a prospective independent cohorts of 33 and 39 patients, respectively. RESULTS As a result, an increase in EV PD-L1 was observed in non-responders in comparison to responders and was an independent biomarker for shorter progression-free survival and overall survival. To the contrary, tissue PD-L1 expression, the commonly used biomarker, was not predictive neither for durable response nor survival. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that EV PD-L1 dynamics could be used to stratify patients with advanced NSCLC who would experience durable benefit from ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego de Miguel-Perez
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Murat Ak
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Feliciano Barron
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Muthukumar Gunasekaran
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Luis Lara-Mejia
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Mehmet E Er
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Francesco Buemi
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Brandon Cooper
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Manca
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ru-Ching Hsia
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andres F Cardona
- Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo Cancer Treatment and Research Center (CTIC) / Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research (FICMAC) / Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Aung Naing
- Departments of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip C Mack
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Jose Serrano
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/ University of Granada/ Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Adamo
- Medical Oncology Unit, A.O. Papardo & Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rivka R Colen
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Serrano MJ, Garrido-Navas MC, Diaz Mochon JJ, Cristofanilli M, Gil-Bazo I, Pauwels P, Malapelle U, Russo A, Lorente JA, Ruiz-Rodriguez AJ, Paz-Ares LG, Vilar E, Raez LE, Cardona AF, Rolfo C. Precision Prevention and Cancer Interception: The New Challenges of Liquid Biopsy. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1635-1644. [PMID: 33037026 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite major therapeutic progress, most advanced solid tumors are still incurable. Cancer interception is the active way to combat cancer onset, and development of this approach within high-risk populations seems a logical first step. Until now, strategies for the identification of high-risk subjects have been based on low-sensitivity and low-specificity assays. However, new liquid biopsy assays, "the Rosetta Stone of the new biomedicine era," with the ability to identify circulating biomarkers with unprecedented sensitivity, promise to revolutionize cancer management. This review focuses on novel liquid biopsy approaches and the applications to cancer interception. Cancer interception involves the identification of biomarkers associated with developing cancer, and includes genetic and epigenetic alterations, as well as circulating tumor cells and circulating epithelial cells in individuals at risk, and the implementation of therapeutic strategies to prevent the beginning of cancer and to stop its development. Large prospective studies are needed to confirm the potential role of liquid biopsy for early detection of precancer lesions and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Serrano
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Bio-Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves Granada, Department of Medical Oncology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Garrido-Navas
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Diaz Mochon
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.,DestiNA Genomica S.L. Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud (PTS), Armilla, Granada, Spain.,Department of Medicinal and Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ignacio Gil-Bazo
- Department of Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium & Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Belgium
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | | | - Jose A Lorente
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Department of Legal Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J Ruiz-Rodriguez
- Unit of gastroenterology and hepatology, University Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis G Paz-Ares
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luis E Raez
- Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Andres F Cardona
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia.,Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research -FICMAC, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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Malapelle U, Raez LE, Serrano MJ, Rolfo C. Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in circulating tumor DNA: reviewing BENEFIT clinical trial. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:6388-6391. [PMID: 30746171 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.11.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, Italy
| | - Luis E Raez
- Memorial Cancer Institute/Memorial Health Care System Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maria Jose Serrano
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Liquid biopsy and metastasis research group, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government PTS, Granada, Spain
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on apical surfaces of palatal medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells were necessary for palatal adhesion. In this study, we identified 2 proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, that were expressed in the palatal shelves prior to adhesion. In addition, we established that these proteoglycans were dependent on transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling. Laser capture microdissection was used to collect selected palatal epithelial cells from embryonic mouse embryos at various palate development stages. The expression of specific messenger RNA (mRNA) for biglycan and decorin was determined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The TGFβrI kinase inhibitor (SB431542) was used in palatal organ cultures to determine if blocking TFGβ signaling changed biglycan and decorin distribution. Immunohistochemistry of both biglycan and decorin revealed expression on the apical and lateral surfaces of MEE cells. Biglycan protein and mRNA levels peaked as the palatal shelves adhered. Decorin was less abundant on the apical epithelial surface and also had reduced mRNA levels compared to biglycan. Their proteins were not expressed on MEE cells of palates treated with SB431542, an inhibitor of TGFβ signaling. The temporal expression of biglycan and decorin on the apical surface of MEE, combined with the evidence that these proteins were regulated through the TGFβ pathway, indicated that they may be important for adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ibrahim
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M J Serrano
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L B Ruest
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - K K H Svoboda
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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8
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Alvarez Cubero MJ, Lorente JA, Robles-Fernandez I, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Puche JL, Serrano MJ. Circulating Tumor Cells: Markers and Methodologies for Enrichment and Detection. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1634:283-303. [PMID: 28819860 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7144-2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of disease worldwide; however, nowadays many points of its initiation processes are unknown. In this chapter, we are focusing on the role of liquid biopsies in cancer detection and progression. CTCs are one of the main components of liquid biopsies, they represent a subset of tumor cells that have acquired the ability to disseminate from the primary tumor and intravasate to the circulatory system. The greatest challenge in the detection of CTCs is their rarity in the blood. Human blood consists of white blood cells (5-10 × 106/mL), red blood cells (5-9 × 109/mL), and platelets (2.5-4 × 108/mL); very few CTCs will be present even in patients with known metastatic disease, with often less than one CTC per mL of blood. CTCs are found in frequencies on the order of 1-10 CTCs per mL of whole blood in patients with metastatic disease, and it is reduced in half for non-metastatic stages. Therefore, accurate methodologies for their capture and analysis are really important. The main aim of the present chapter is to describe different methodologies for CTCs capturing and analysis.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Separation/instrumentation
- Cell Separation/methods
- Cell Survival
- Centrifugation, Density Gradient/methods
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/genetics
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/immunology
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/metabolism
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Equipment Design
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/immunology
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Ficoll/chemistry
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- Immunoassay
- Keratins/genetics
- Keratins/immunology
- Keratins/metabolism
- Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation
- Neoplasms/blood
- Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/immunology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Protein Binding
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alvarez Cubero
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - J A Lorente
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, University of Granada-Dept. of Legal Medicine - Faculty of Medicine, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - I Robles-Fernandez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez-Martinez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, University of Granada-Dept. of Legal Medicine - Faculty of Medicine, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - J L Puche
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospitals of Granada, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - M J Serrano
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospitals of Granada, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
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9
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Piñeiro Z, Marrufo-Curtido A, Serrano MJ, Palma M. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Stilbenes from Grape Canes. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060784. [PMID: 27322224 PMCID: PMC6274074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An analytical ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method has been optimized and validated for the rapid extraction of stilbenes from grape canes. The influence of sample pre-treatment (oven or freeze-drying) and several extraction variables (solvent, sample-solvent ratio and extraction time between others) on the extraction process were analyzed. The new method allowed the main stilbenes in grape canes to be extracted in just 10 min, with an extraction temperature of 75 °C and 60% ethanol in water as the extraction solvent. Validation of the extraction method was based on analytical properties. The resulting RSDs (n = 5) for interday/intraday precision were less than 10%. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied in the analysis of 20 different grape cane samples. The result showed that grape cane byproducts are potentially sources of bioactive compounds of interest for pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulema Piñeiro
- IFAPA Rancho de la Merced, Carretera de Trebujena, Km. 2.2, Apdo. 589, Jerez de la Frontera 11471, Spain.
| | - Almudena Marrufo-Curtido
- IFAPA Rancho de la Merced, Carretera de Trebujena, Km. 2.2, Apdo. 589, Jerez de la Frontera 11471, Spain.
| | - Maria Jose Serrano
- IFAPA Rancho de la Merced, Carretera de Trebujena, Km. 2.2, Apdo. 589, Jerez de la Frontera 11471, Spain.
| | - Miguel Palma
- Departamento de Química Analítica, IVAGRO, Universidad de Cadiz, Apdo. 40, Puerto Real 11510, Spain.
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10
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Serrano MJ, Nadal R, Lorente JA, Salido M, Rodríguez R, Rodríguez M, Macià M, Sánchez-Rovira P, Corominas JM, González L, Vera L, Albanell J, Solé F. Circulating cancer cells in division in an early breast cancer patient. Ann Oncol 2011; 22:2150-2151. [PMID: 21743104 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M J Serrano
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center of Genomics and Oncology (GENyO), Granada.
| | - R Nadal
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, IMIM-GRETNHE, Barcelona
| | - J A Lorente
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center of Genomics and Oncology (GENyO), Granada; Laboratory of Genetic Identification-UGR, Department of Legal Medicine, University of Granada, Granada
| | - M Salido
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, IMIM-GRETNHE, Barcelona
| | - R Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Department of Legal Medicine, University of Granada, Granada
| | - M Rodríguez
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, IMIM-GRETNHE, Barcelona
| | - M Macià
- Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-IMAS, Barcelona
| | - P Sánchez-Rovira
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center of Genomics and Oncology (GENyO), Granada; Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital, Jaén, Spain
| | - J M Corominas
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, IMIM-GRETNHE, Barcelona
| | - L González
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center of Genomics and Oncology (GENyO), Granada
| | - L Vera
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Center of Genomics and Oncology (GENyO), Granada
| | - J Albanell
- Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar-IMAS, Barcelona
| | - F Solé
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Pathology Department, Parc de Salut Mar-Hospital del Mar, IMIM-GRETNHE, Barcelona
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11
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Serrano MJ, Sánchez-Rovira P, Delgado-Rodriguez M, Gaforio JJ. Detection of circulating tumor cells in the context of treatment: prognostic value in breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2009; 8:671-5. [PMID: 19242121 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.8.8.7834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with breast cancer can be regarded as the pre-stadium of clinically manifest distant metastases. Here we present results on CTCs determination in peripheral blood (PB) of breast cancer patients in the context of treatment. Ninety-two patients were enrolled onto a prospective, unicenter study and 71 of those subjects are the focus of our analyses. CTC assessment was performed by isolating cytokeratin-positive (CK) cells by immunomagnetic techniques, with further identification by immunocytochemical methods. CTCs were detected in 47 (66%) patients: 35 with primary breast cancer and 12 with metastatic disease. Five (14.3%) of those patients with primary cancer and CTCs showed first disease progression or died. Of those patients with metastatic disease and CTCs before chemotherapy, eleven (91.6%) died. During chemotherapy, >6 CTCs was correlated with a worse prognostic of disease in patients with metastatic disease (p = 0.05). Four weeks after chemotherapy, 59 patients underwent a follow-up assessment. CTCs were detected in 54.2% of those patients. CTCs levels, and not the presence of CTCs alone, was associated with progression free of disease (p = 0.052) and showed borderline significance with overall survival (p = 0.071). The differential prognostic and overall survival showed between patients with and without elevated CTCs before and at the end of chemotherapy, is of special interest in patients without clinical evidence of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Serrano
- GENyO Center, Pfizer-University of Granada & Andalusian Government Center for Genomics & Oncology, Granada, Spain.
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12
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Gaforio JJ, Serrano MJ, Algarra I, Ortega E, Alvarez de Cienfuegos G. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells assessed by flow cytometry using 7-Aminoactinomycin D. Cytometry 2002; 49:8-11. [PMID: 12210605 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.10136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptotic cells are recognized specifically by macrophages and are cleared rapidly by phagocytosis. However, the recognition mechanisms involved in the clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages are still not fully understood. Therefore, new methods must be designed to better our understanding of the mechanisms of interaction between macrophages and apoptotic cells. 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) is a fluorescent DNA-binding stain usually used as a single agent to detect apoptotic cells by flow cytometry. We propose the use of 7-AAD-stained apoptotic cells as targets for a new flow cytometry phagocytosis assay. METHODS Murine T-cell lymphoma YAC-1 cells were treated with etoposide to induce apoptosis. Etoposide-treated YAC-1 target cells were stained subsequently with 7-AAD and then coincubated with resident peritoneal macrophages to allow phagocytosis. The samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Macrophages that had phagocytosed 7-AAD-stained apoptotic cells were identified by their bright red fluorescence and the resulting values were expressed as the percentage of cells. RESULTS The phagocytic cells appeared as a distinct population characterized by bright fluorescence, which could not be detected in the negative controls. The effects of a phagocytic enhancer (interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) or inhibitor (incubation at 4 degrees C) were assessed accurately with this flow cytometric method. CONCLUSIONS We describe the use of 7-AAD in an assay that is easy and quick to perform. This flow cytometric-based assay allows the quantification of phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Gaforio
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
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13
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Algarra I, Ortega E, Serrano MJ, Alvarez de Cienfuegos G, Gaforio JJ. Suppression of splenic macrophage Candida albicans phagocytosis following in vivo depletion of natural killer cells in immunocompetent BALB/c mice and T-cell-deficient nude mice. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2002; 33:159-63. [PMID: 12110477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2002.tb00586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The resistance of mice to systemic infections caused by Candida albicans is associated with activated splenic macrophages. In addition, there is a correlation between natural killer (NK) cell activation and the resistance to systemic candidiasis. The present study was designed to clarify the role of NK cells in the control of splenic macrophage C. albicans phagocytosis by either depleting NK cells (anti-asialo GM(1) treatment) or maintaining them in an activated state (tilorone treatment) in both immunocompetent BALB/c mice and T-cell-deficient nude mice. The results of the in vitro phagocytosis assays were analyzed by flow cytometry and demonstrate the pivotal role of NK cells in controlling the capacity of splenic macrophages to phagocytose C. albicans. In summary, these data provide evidence that the NK cells are the main inducers of phagocytic activity of splenic macrophages and that they mediate the protection against C. albicans systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Algarra
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain
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14
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Gaforio JJ, Serrano MJ, Ortega E, Algarra I, Alvarez de Cienfuegos G. Use of SYTOX green dye in the flow cytometric analysis of bacterial phagocytosis. Cytometry 2002; 48:93-6. [PMID: 12116370 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.10107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is used widely to label the targets used in flow cytometric phagocytosis assays. Unfortunately, the fluorescence intensity of phagocytosed FITC-labeled targets is influenced by changes in intracellular pH level, making quantitative measurements with this fluorophore problematic. We describe the use of SYTOX green nucleic acid stain to measure phagocytosis by flow cytometry. METHODS Suspensions of isopropyl alcohol-permeabilized Escherichia coli DH5alpha were stained with the SYTOX green dye and then incubated with resident peritoneal macrophages. The samples were analyzed by flow cytometry and phagocytosis was determined by gating the cells. RESULTS Results are expressed as percentage of phagocyte-associated green fluorescent cells. The validity of the method was shown by the effects of a phagocytosis inhibitor (incubation at 4 degrees C) or enhancer (gamma interferon [IFN- gamma] treatment) being accurately assessed with this assay. CONCLUSIONS The method described was reproducible and provides an advantageous alternative to the use of FITC to label bacteria for the flow cytometric measurement of target uptake by phagocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Gaforio
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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15
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Ortega E, Algarra I, Serrano MJ, Alvarez de Cienfuegos G, Gaforio JJ. The use of 7-amino-actinomycin D in the analysis of Candida albicans phagocytosis and opsonization. J Immunol Methods 2001; 253:189-93. [PMID: 11384680 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(01)00358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We describe the use of 7-amino-actinomycin D (7AAD) to measure phagocytosis and the opsonizing capacity of serum. Heat-inactivated Candida albicans was previously stained with 7AAD and incubated with resident peritoneal macrophages. The samples were analyzed by flow cytometry and phagocytic cells were identified by their bright red fluorescence. This is a rapid, reproducible and reliable one-step procedure and provides a means of evaluating low levels of phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ortega
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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16
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Ortega E, Algarra I, Serrano MJ, de Pablo MA, Alvarez de Cienfuegos G, Gaforio JJ. Enhanced resistance to experimental systemic candidiasis in tilorone-treated mice. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2000; 28:283-9. [PMID: 10891651 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2000.tb01488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an increasingly important opportunistic fungal pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Natural killer (NK) cells constitute an important immune effector mechanism and are involved in the response to different pathological disorders. We wished to determine if this immune mechanism is involved in the specific response to C. albicans. Tilorone hydrochloride and related compounds have been described to display antiviral and antitumoral activity, as well as to enhance NK cell activity. In this study, we show the antimicrobial activity of different tilorone analogues and the enhanced resistance of tilorone-treated mice in experimental systemic candidiasis. We also present data suggesting that there is a correlation between NK cell activation and the resistance to experimental systemic candidiasis. Thus, it seems that the immunosurveillance of metastatic spread and the infection by C. albicans share some immune effector mechanisms, in particular activation of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ortega
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas S/N, Spain.
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17
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Algarra I, Perez M, Serrano MJ, Garrido F, Gaforio JJ. c-K-ras overexpression is characteristic for metastases derived from a methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma. Invasion Metastasis 2000; 18:261-70. [PMID: 10729771 DOI: 10.1159/000024519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between the activation of the c-myc and c-K-ras proto-oncogenes and the acquisition of metastatic potential in a methylcholanthrene-induced BALB/c fibrosarcoma. The murine fibrosarcoma GR9 was originally induced in BALB/c mice following exposure to the carcinogenic chemical 3-methylcholanthrene. To induce spontaneous metastasis, we used two tumor cell clones (B9 and G2) known to differ in their metastatic potential, local tumor growth, H-2 class I expression and sensitivity to natural killer (NK) cells. The metastatic nodes were obtained from the lung, liver and kidney. The results showed: (1) amplification of the c-myc proto-oncogene in original tumor clones as well as in all metastatic nodes; (2) mRNA overexpression without amplification of the K-ras proto-oncogene in the metastatic cells, regardless of their anatomical location; (3) no c-K-ras point mutations at codons 12 and 61, and (4) in general, a statistically significantly reduced in vitro sensitivity of metastatic tumor cells to NK cells as compared with the tumor clones used to induce them (p<0.05). These results therefore suggest that overexpressed c-K-ras mRNA is important during tumor progression, perhaps rendering metastatic tumor cells more resistant to lysis by NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Algarra
- University of Jaen, Department of Health Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Jaén, Spain
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18
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Soria C, Freire P, Serrano MJ, Guerrero A. [Skin manifestations of infection by Borrelia burgdorferi]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 1990; 8:36-42. [PMID: 2095903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Interest in Lyme's disease is recent in Spain. We review the dermatological features of the disease caused by B. burgdorferi, its differential diagnosis and its therapy, with reference to three patients with Borrelia burgdorferi infection in whom the diagnosis was made on the basis of the dermatological picture. One patient had migratory erythema developing from the umbilical area, where he had been bitten by a tick. Another patient had arthritis of the knee and meningoradiculitis, together with multiple skin lesions. The last patient had atypical migratory erythema and concomitant arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Soria
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid
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Guerrero A, Serrano MJ. [Incidence and clinical spectrum of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in Spain. Study group for Lyme disease in Spain]. Med Clin (Barc) 1989; 92:438-9. [PMID: 2786124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Guerrero A, Serrano MJ, García Moncó C. [Lyme borreliosis in Spain]. Med Clin (Barc) 1988; 90:434. [PMID: 3398618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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