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Ouyang R, Wu S, Zhang B, Wang T, Yin B, Huang J, Wei W, Huang M, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wang F, Hou H. Clinical value of tumor-associated antigens and autoantibody panel combination detection in the early diagnostic of lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:401-409. [PMID: 34151844 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of combining tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and autoantibodies in the diagnosis of lung cancer. METHODS The serum levels of TAAs and seven autoantibodies (7-AABs) were detected from patients with lung cancer, benign lung disease and healthy controls. The performance of a new panel by combing TAAs and 7-AABs was evaluated for the early diagnosis of lung cancer. RESULTS The positive rate of 7-AABs was higher than the single detection of antibody. The positive rate of the combined detection of 7-AABs in lung cancer group (30.2%) was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (16.8%), but had no statistical difference compared with that of benign lung disease group (20.8%). The positive rate of 7-AABs showed a tendency to increase in lung cancer patients with higher tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages. For the pathological subtype analysis, the positive rate of 7-AABs was higher in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and small cell lung cancer than that of adenocarcinoma. The levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 19 fragment 211 (CYFRA 211) were significantly higher than that of benign lung disease and healthy control groups. An optimal model was established (including 7-AABs, CEA and CYFRA21-1) to distinguish lung cancer from control groups. The performance of this model was superior than that of single markers, with a sensitivity of 52.26% and specificity of 77.46% in the training group. Further assessment was studied in another validation group, with a sensitivity of 44.02% and specificity of 83%. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic performance was enhanced by combining 7-AABs, CEA and CYFRA21-1, which has critical value for the screening and early detection of lung cancer.
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Barzaman K, Samadi M, Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Majidzadeh-A K, Salehi M, Jalili N, Jazayeri MH, Khorammi S, Darvishi B, Siavashi V, Shekarabi M, Farahmand L. Development of a recombinant anti-VEGFR2-EPCAM bispecific antibody to improve antiangiogenic efficiency. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112685. [PMID: 34090863 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression and metastasis, especially in invasive cancers (such as triple-negative breast cancer [TNBC]), depend on angiogenesis, in which vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular epithelial growth factor receptor [1] has a decisive role, followed by the metastatic spread of cancer cells. Although some studies have shown that anti-VEGFR2/VEGF monoclonal antibodies demonstrated favorable results in the clinic, this approach is not efficient, and further investigations are needed to improve the quality of cancer treatment. Besides, the increased expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in various cancers, for instance, invasive breast cancer, contributes to angiogenesis, facilitating the migration of tumor cells to other parts of the body. Thus, the main goal of our study was to target either VEGFR2 or EpCAM as pivotal players in the progression of angiogenesis in breast cancer. Regarding cancer therapy, the production of bispecific antibodies is easier and more cost-effective compared to monoclonal antibodies, targeting more than one antigen or receptor; for this reason, we produced a recombinant antibody to target cells expressing EpCAM and VEGFR2 via a bispecific antibody to decrease the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. Following the cloning and expression of our desired anti-VEGFR2/EPCAM sequence in E. coli, the accuracy of the expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis, and its binding activities to VEGFR2 and EPCAM on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines were respectively indicated by flow cytometry. Then, its anti-proliferative potential was indicated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and apoptosis assay to evaluate inhibitory effects of the antibody on tumor cells. Subsequently, the data indicated that migration, invasion, and angiogenesis were inhibited in breast cancer cell lines via the bispecific antibody. Furthermore, cytokine analysis indicated that the bispecific antibody could moderate interleukin 8 (IL-8) and IL-6 as key mediators in angiogenesis progression in breast cancer. Thus, our bispecific antibody could be considered as a promising candidate tool to decrease angiogenesis in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Barzaman
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Samadi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Moradi-Kalbolandi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Salehi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Jalili
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Hadi Jazayeri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Khorammi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Siavashi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shekarabi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Chang HW, Frey G, Liu H, Xing C, Steinman L, Boyle WJ, Short JM. Generating tumor-selective conditionally active biologic anti-CTLA4 antibodies via protein-associated chemical switches. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2020606118. [PMID: 33627407 PMCID: PMC7936328 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020606118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) antibodies have shown potent antitumor activity, but systemic immune activation leads to severe immune-related adverse events, limiting clinical usage. We developed novel, conditionally active biologic (CAB) anti-CTLA4 antibodies that are active only in the acidic tumor microenvironment. In healthy tissue, this binding is reversibly inhibited by a novel mechanism using physiological chemicals as protein-associated chemical switches (PaCS). No enzymes or potentially immunogenic covalent modifications to the antibody are required for activation in the tumor. The novel anti-CTLA4 antibodies show similar efficacy in animal models compared to an analog of a marketed anti-CTLA4 biologic, but have markedly reduced toxicity in nonhuman primates (in combination with an anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor), indicating a widened therapeutic index (TI). The PaCS encompass mechanisms that are applicable to a wide array of antibody formats (e.g., ADC, bispecifics) and antigens. Examples shown here include antibodies to EpCAM, Her2, Nectin4, CD73, and CD3. Existing antibodies can be engineered readily to be made sensitive to PaCS, and the inhibitory activity can be optimized for each antigen's varying expression level and tissue distribution. PaCS can modulate diverse physiological molecular interactions and are applicable to various pathologic conditions, enabling differential CAB antibody activities in normal versus disease microenvironments.
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MESH Headings
- 5'-Nucleotidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- 5'-Nucleotidase/genetics
- 5'-Nucleotidase/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/pharmacology
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- Bicarbonates/chemistry
- CD3 Complex/antagonists & inhibitors
- CD3 Complex/genetics
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- CTLA-4 Antigen/genetics
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/therapy
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/antagonists & inhibitors
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/genetics
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/immunology
- GPI-Linked Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/immunology
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Hydrogen Sulfide/chemistry
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Macaca fascicularis
- Mice
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Protein Engineering/methods
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lawrence Steinman
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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4
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Zhang Y, Xie X, Yeganeh PN, Lee DJ, Valle-Garcia D, Meza-Sosa KF, Junqueira C, Su J, Luo HR, Hide W, Lieberman J. Immunotherapy for breast cancer using EpCAM aptamer tumor-targeted gene knockdown. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2022830118. [PMID: 33627408 PMCID: PMC7936362 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022830118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies for cancer immunotherapy are needed since most solid tumors do not respond to current approaches. Here we used epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM (a tumor-associated antigen highly expressed on common epithelial cancers and their tumor-initiating cells) aptamer-linked small-interfering RNA chimeras (AsiCs) to knock down genes selectively in EpCAM+ tumors with the goal of making cancers more visible to the immune system. Knockdown of genes that function in multiple steps of cancer immunity was evaluated in aggressive triple-negative and HER2+ orthotopic, metastatic, and genetically engineered mouse breast cancer models. Gene targets were chosen whose knockdown was predicted to promote tumor neoantigen expression (Upf2, Parp1, Apex1), phagocytosis, and antigen presentation (Cd47), reduce checkpoint inhibition (Cd274), or cause tumor cell death (Mcl1). Four of the six AsiC (Upf2, Parp1, Cd47, and Mcl1) potently inhibited tumor growth and boosted tumor-infiltrating immune cell functions. AsiC mixtures were more effective than individual AsiC and could synergize with anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/drug effects
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/immunology
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/pharmacology
- B7-H1 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- CD47 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- CD47 Antigen/genetics
- CD47 Antigen/immunology
- DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase/genetics
- DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase/immunology
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/genetics
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/chemistry
- Immunoconjugates/immunology
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/genetics
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/genetics
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/immunology
- RNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Lab Medicine and The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 300020 Tianjin, China
| | | | - Dian-Jang Lee
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David Valle-Garcia
- Divison of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Karla F Meza-Sosa
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Caroline Junqueira
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jiayu Su
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Lab Medicine and The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
- Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Lab Medicine and The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Winston Hide
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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5
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Robertson N, Lopez-Anton N, Gurjar SA, Khalique H, Khalaf Z, Clerkin S, Leydon VR, Parker-Manuel R, Raeside A, Payne T, Jones TD, Seymour L, Cawood R. Development of a novel mammalian display system for selection of antibodies against membrane proteins. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18436-18448. [PMID: 33127646 PMCID: PMC7939478 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable, specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are important tools in research and medicine. However, the discovery of antibodies against their targets in their native forms is difficult. Here, we present a novel method for discovery of antibodies against membrane proteins in their native configuration in mammalian cells. The method involves the co-expression of an antibody library in a population of mammalian cells that express the target polypeptide within a natural membrane environment on the cell surface. Cells that secrete a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) that binds to the target membrane protein thereby become self-labeled, enabling enrichment and isolation by magnetic sorting and FRET-based flow sorting. Library sizes of up to 109 variants can be screened, thus allowing campaigns of naïve scFv libraries to be selected against membrane protein antigens in a Chinese hamster ovary cell system. We validate this method by screening a synthetic naïve human scFv library against Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the oncogenic target epithelial cell adhesion molecule and identify a panel of three novel binders to this membrane protein, one with a dissociation constant (KD ) as low as 0.8 nm We further demonstrate that the identified antibodies have utility for killing epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive cells when used as a targeting domain on chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Thus, we provide a new tool for identifying novel antibodies that act against membrane proteins, which could catalyze the discovery of new candidates for antibody-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hena Khalique
- Anticancer Viruses and Cancer Vaccines Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom Payne
- OXGENE, Medawar Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D Jones
- OXGENE, Medawar Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Len Seymour
- Anticancer Viruses and Cancer Vaccines Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Cawood
- OXGENE, Medawar Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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6
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Park DJ, Sung PS, Kim JH, Lee GW, Jang JW, Jung ES, Bae SH, Choi JY, Yoon SK. EpCAM-high liver cancer stem cells resist natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity by upregulating CEACAM1. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2019-000301. [PMID: 32221015 PMCID: PMC7206970 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer (NK) cells can recognize and kill cancer cells directly, but their activity can be attenuated by various inhibitory molecules expressed on the surface. The expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a potential marker for cancer stem cells (CSCs), is known to be strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NK cells targeting CSCs may be a promising strategy for anti-tumor therapy, but little is known about how they respond to EpCAMhigh CSCs in HCC. Methods EpCAM expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 280 human HCC tissues obtained from curative surgery. To investigate the functional activity of NK cells against liver CSCs, EpCAMhigh and EpCAMlow Huh-7 cells were sorted by flow cytometry. The functional role of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), which is related to NK cells, was determined by in vitro co-culture of NK cells and hepatoma cells using Hepa1–6 mouse hepatoma cells, as well as in vivo experiments using C57/BL6 mice. Results The frequency of recurrence after curative surgery was higher in patients with positive EpCAM expression than in those with negative EpCAM expression. In subsequent analysis based on the anatomical location of EpCAM expression, patients with peritumoral EpCAM expression showed worse prognosis than those with pantumoral EpCAM expression. Co-culture experiments demonstrated that CEACAM1 was upregulated on the surface of EpCAMhigh HCC cells, resulting in resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Inversely, silencing CEACAM1 restored cytotoxicity of NK cells against EpCAMhigh Huh-7 cells. Moreover, neutralizing CEACAM1 on the NK cell surface enhanced killing of Huh-7 cells, suggesting that homophilic interaction of CEACAM1 is responsible for attenuated NK cell–mediated killing of CEACAM1high cells. In mouse experiments with Hepa1–6 cells, EpCAMhigh Hepa1–6 cells formed larger tumors and showed higher CEACAM1 expression after NK cell depletion. NK-mediated cytotoxicity was enhanced after blocking CEACAM1 expression using the anti-CEACAM1 antibody, thereby facilitating tumor regression. Moreover, CEACAM1 expression positively correlated with EpCAM expression in human HCC tissues, and serum CEACAM1 levels were also significantly higher in patients with EpCAM+ HCC. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that EpCAMhigh liver CSCs resist NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity by upregulation of CEACAM1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Park
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Soo Sung
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Won Lee
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jang
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyun Bae
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Young Choi
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kew Yoon
- The Catholic University Liver Research Center, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Li Z, Wang T, Gu L, Wang H, Zhao Y, Lu S, Zhao W, Sun T. N-doped carbon dots modified with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody as an imaging agent for HepG2 cells using their ultra-sensitive response to Al 3. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:485703. [PMID: 33118523 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb0b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging as an ideal multifunctional materials due to their ease of preparation and excellent properties in medical imaging technology, environmental monitoring, chemical analysis and other fields. N-doped CDs modified with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody (anti-EpCAM-NCDs) were synthesized in an ingenious and high-output approach. Due to the fluorescence enhancement effect of the introduced N atoms, the obtained anti-EpCAM-NCDs exhibited a strong green emission with an absolute quantum yield of up to 32.5%. Anti-EpCAM-NCDs have immunofluorescent properties and an active targeting function. The fluorescence effect and fluorescence quenching of anti-EpCAM-NCDs are used to image cells and detect Al3+, respectively. Experimental results show that this probe exhibited a wide linear response to Al3+over a concentration range of 0-100μM with a detection limit and quantification limit of 3 nM and 6 nM, respectively. Significantly, anti-EpCAM-NCDs, which have negligible cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility and high photostability, could be used for the intracellular imaging of HepG2 cells and the detection of Al3+in environmental and biological samples. As an efficient multifunctional material, anti-EpCAM-NCDs hold great promise for a number of applications in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Gu
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, 450002, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Henan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Wancheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiedong Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
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Al Faruque H, Choi ES, Lee HR, Kim JH, Park S, Kim E. Targeted removal of leukemia cells from the circulating system by whole-body magnetic hyperthermia in mice. Nanoscale 2020; 12:2773-2786. [PMID: 31957767 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06730b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Until now, magnetic hyperthermia was used to remove solid tumors by targeting magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to tumor sites. In this study, leukemia cells in the bloodstream were directly removed by whole-body hyperthermia, using leukemia cell-specific MNPs. An epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody was immobilized on the surface of MNPs (EpCAM-MNPs) to introduce the specificity of MNPs to leukemia cells. The viability of THP1 cells (human monocytic leukemia cells) was decreased to 40.8% of that in control samples by hyperthermia using EpCAM-MNPs. In AKR mice, an animal model of lymphoblastic leukemia, the number of leukemia cells was measured following the intravenous injection of EpCAM-MNPs and subsequent whole-body hyperthermia treatment. The result showed that the leukemia cell number was also decreased to 43.8% of that without the treatment of hyperthermia, determined by Leishman staining of leukemia cells. To support the results, simulation analysis of heat transfer from MNPs to leukemia cells was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software. The surface temperature of leukemia cells adhered to EpCAM-MNPs was predicted to be increased to 82 °C, whereas the temperature of free cells without adhered MNPs was predicted to be 38 °C. Taken together, leukemia cells were selectively removed by magnetic hyperthermia from the bloodstream, because EpCAM-modified magnetic particles were specifically attached to leukemia cell surfaces. This approach has the potential to remove metastatic cancer cells, and pathogenic bacteria and viruses floating in the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Al Faruque
- Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Sook Choi
- Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Ryong Lee
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sukho Park
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Dong J, Chen JF, Smalley M, Zhao M, Ke Z, Zhu Y, Tseng HR. Nanostructured Substrates for Detection and Characterization of Circulating Rare Cells: From Materials Research to Clinical Applications. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1903663. [PMID: 31566837 PMCID: PMC6946854 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Circulating rare cells in the blood are of great significance for both materials research and clinical applications. For example, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been demonstrated as useful biomarkers for "liquid biopsy" of the tumor. Circulating fetal nucleated cells (CFNCs) have shown potential in noninvasive prenatal diagnostics. However, it is technically challenging to detect and isolate circulating rare cells due to their extremely low abundance compared to hematologic cells. Nanostructured substrates offer a unique solution to address these challenges by providing local topographic interactions to strengthen cell adhesion and large surface areas for grafting capture agents, resulting in improved cell capture efficiency, purity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. In addition, rare-cell retrieval strategies, including stimulus-responsiveness and additive reagent-triggered release on different nanostructured substrates, allow for on-demand retrieval of the captured CTCs/CFNCs with high cell viability and molecular integrity. Several nanostructured substrate-enabled CTC/CFNC assays are observed maturing from enumeration and subclassification to molecular analyses. These can one day become powerful tools in disease diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and dynamic monitoring of therapeutic response-paving the way for personalized medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Dong
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Fu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Smalley
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zunfu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P. R. China
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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10
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Abali F, Broekmaat J, Tibbe A, Schasfoort RBM, Zeune L, Terstappen LWMM. A microwell array platform to print and measure biomolecules produced by single cells. Lab Chip 2019; 19:1850-1859. [PMID: 31041434 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00100j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe a combined method to monitor the secretion of molecules produced by single cells, followed by a method to isolate the individual cells that produced these molecules. The method is based on a self-sorting microwell chip that is connected to an activated membrane that collects the produced molecules. The produced molecules are printed by diffusion in small spots onto the membrane. The location of the printed spots can be correlated to the microwell number and the cell that produced these molecules. To demonstrate the method, we used the EpCAM antibody producing hybridoma cell line VU1D9 and a genetically engineered CHO cell-line producing Her2. VU1D9 cells produced 4.6 ± 5.6 pg (mean ± SD) of EpCAM antibody per 24 h and CHO cells 6.5 ± 8.2 pg per 24 h of Herceptin antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikri Abali
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, Hallenweg 23, Enschede, 7522 NH, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Richard B M Schasfoort
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, Hallenweg 23, Enschede, 7522 NH, The Netherlands.
| | - Leonie Zeune
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, Hallenweg 23, Enschede, 7522 NH, The Netherlands.
| | - Leon W M M Terstappen
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, Hallenweg 23, Enschede, 7522 NH, The Netherlands.
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11
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Xie W, Yin T, Chen YL, Zhu DM, Zan MH, Chen B, Ji LW, Chen L, Guo SS, Huang HM, Zhao XZ, Wang Y, Wu Y, Liu W. Capture and "self-release" of circulating tumor cells using metal-organic framework materials. Nanoscale 2019; 11:8293-8303. [PMID: 30977474 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09071h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Capturing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood for subsequent analyses has shown potential in precision medicine for cancer patients. Broad as the prospect is, there are still some challenges that hamper its clinical applications. One of the challenges is to maintain the viability of the captured cells during the capturing and releasing processes. Herein, we have described a composite material that could encapsulate a magnetic Fe3O4 core in a MIL-100 shell (MMs), which could respond to pH changes and modify the anti-EpCAM antibody (anti-EpCAM-MMs) on the surface of MIL-100. After the anti-EpCAM-MMs captured the cells, there was no need for additional conditions but with the acidic environment during the cell culture process, MIL-100 could realize automatic degradation, leading to cell self-release. This self-release model could not only improve the cell viability, but could also reduce the steps of the release process and save human and material resources simultaneously. In addition, we combined clinical patients' case diagnosis with the DNA sequencing and next generation of RNA sequencing technologies in the hope of precision medicine for patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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12
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Dong J, Zhang RY, Sun N, Smalley M, Wu Z, Zhou A, Chou SJ, Jan YJ, Yang P, Bao L, Qi D, Tang X, Tseng P, Hua Y, Xu D, Kao R, Meng M, Zheng X, Liu Y, Vagner T, Chai X, Zhou D, Li M, Chiou SH, Zheng G, Di Vizio D, Agopian VG, Posadas E, Jonas SJ, Ju SP, Weiss PS, Zhao M, Tseng HR, Zhu Y. Bio-Inspired NanoVilli Chips for Enhanced Capture of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Toward Non-Invasive Detection of Gene Alterations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:13973-13983. [PMID: 30892008 PMCID: PMC6545291 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in bodily fluids are emerging liquid biopsy markers for non-invasive cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Because the majority of EVs in circulation are not of tumor origin, it is critical to develop new platforms capable of enriching tumor-derived EVs from the blood. Herein, we introduce a biostructure-inspired NanoVilli Chip, capable of highly efficient and reproducible immunoaffinity capture of tumor-derived EVs from blood plasma samples. Anti-EpCAM-grafted silicon nanowire arrays were engineered to mimic the distinctive structures of intestinal microvilli, dramatically increasing surface area and enhancing tumor-derived EV capture. RNA in the captured EVs can be recovered for downstream molecular analyses by reverse transcription Droplet Digital PCR. We demonstrate that this assay can be applied to monitor the dynamic changes of ROS1 rearrangements and epidermal growth factor receptor T790M mutations that predict treatment responses and disease progression in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ryan Y. Zhang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Na Sun
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Matthew Smalley
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zipeng Wu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anqi Zhou
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu Jen Jan
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Peng Yang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lirong Bao
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dongping Qi
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xinghong Tang
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Patrick Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yue Hua
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dianwen Xu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Rueihung Kao
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Meng Meng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, P. R. China
| | - Xirun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Tatyana Vagner
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery, Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Xiaoshu Chai
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Dongjing Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Division of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Departments of Surgery, Biomedical Sciences and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Vatche G. Agopian
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Edwin Posadas
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, United States
| | - Steven J. Jonas
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute and Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shin-Pon Ju
- Department of Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute and Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yazhen Zhu
- California NanoSystems Institute, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
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13
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Wang Z, Xu D, Wang X, Jin Y, Huo B, Wang Y, He C, Fu X, Lu N. Size-matching hierarchical micropillar arrays for detecting circulating tumor cells in breast cancer patients' whole blood. Nanoscale 2019; 11:6677-6684. [PMID: 30899928 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00173e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important markers for cancer diagnosis and treatment, but it is still a challenge to recognize and isolate CTCs because they are very rare in the blood. To selectively recognize CTCs and improve the capture efficiency, micro/nanostructured substrates have been fabricated for this application; however the size of CTCs is often ignored in designing and engineering micro/nanostructured substrates. Herein, a spiky polymer micropillar array is fabricated for capturing CTCs with high efficiency. The surface of the micropillar is cactus-like, and is composed of nanospikes. This hierarchical polymer array is designed according to the size of CTCs, which allows for more interactions of the CTCs with the array by setting the size of gaps among the micropillars to match with the CTCs. This polymer array is created by molding on an ordered silicon array, and then it is coated with an antiepithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody (anti-EpCAM). After co-culture with MCF-7 cells for 45 min, the capture efficiency of this array for CTCs is up to 91% ± 2%. Moreover, the anti-EpCAM modified polymer micropillar arrays present an excellent capacity to isolate CTCs from the whole blood samples of breast cancer patients. This study may provide a new concept for capturing target cells by designing and engineering micro/nanostructured substrates according to the size of target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
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14
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Andree KC, Mentink A, Nguyen AT, Goldsteen P, van Dalum G, Broekmaat JJ, van Rijn CJM, Terstappen LWMM. Tumor cell capture from blood by flowing across antibody-coated surfaces. Lab Chip 2019; 19:1006-1012. [PMID: 30762848 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01158c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The load of circulating tumor cells (CTC) is related to poor outcomes in cancer patients. A sufficient number of these cells would enable a full characterization of the cancer. An approach to probe larger blood volumes, allowing for the detection of more of these very rare CTC, is the use of leukapheresis. Currently available techniques allow only the analysis of a small portion of leukapheresis products. Here, we present a method that uses flow rather than static conditions which allows processing of larger volumes. We evaluated the conditions needed to isolate tumor cells from blood while passing antibody coated surfaces. Results show that our set-up efficiently captures cancer cells from whole blood. Results show that the optimal velocity at which cells are captured from blood is 0.6 mm s-1. Also, it can be concluded that the VU1D9 antibody targeting the EpCAM antigen has very high capture efficiency. When using an antibody that does not capture 100% of all cells, combining multiple antibodies on the capture surface is very beneficial leading to an increase in cell capture and is therefore worthwhile considering in any cancer cell capture methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Andree
- Medical Cell Biophysics Group, Technical Medical Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
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15
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Gao S, Chen S, Lu Q. Real-Time Profiling of Anti-(Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule)-Based Immune Capture from Molecules to Cells Using Multiparameter Surface Plasmon Resonance. Langmuir 2019; 35:1040-1046. [PMID: 30605340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies of epithelial cell-adhesion molecule (anti-EpCAM)-based interfaces have proven to be highly efficient at capturing circulating tumor cells (CTCs). To achieve the bonding of anti-EpCAM to the interface, biotin and streptavidin are used to modify the surface. These processes are critical to subsequent cell-capture efficiencies. However, quantitative research on the interactions between biotin, streptavidin, and biotinylated anti-EpCAM on the interface is lacking. In this work, the thermodynamics and kinetics of biomolecular interactions were determined by using surface plasmon resonance. The equilibrium binding affinities for biotinylated anti-EpCAM to streptavidin and streptavidin to biotin (illustrated by biotin-PEG400-thiol) were found to be 2.75 × 106 and 8.82 × 106 M-1, respectively. Each streptavidin can bind up to 2.30 biotinylated anti-EpCAM under thermodynamic equilibrium. The findings provide useful information to optimize the modification of anti-EpCAM and improve the capture efficiency of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tong Ji University , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
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Abstract
Cancer cells leaving the primary tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment become vulnerable to active immune surveillance and require mechanisms of immunoevasion to survive in the circulation. Studies have identified several pathways by which circulating tumor cells (CTCs) might escape the immune system/immunotherapy attack. The PD-1/PD-L1 axis is an immune checkpoint regulator, playing a major role in maintaining self-tolerance. It is now well recognized that tumor cells co-opt the PD-1/PD-L1 axis of immune regulation to interfere with cytotoxic T lymphocyte function. Transcriptional changes in CTCs, leading to the upregulation of PD-L1, might enable them to survive in circulation. Very recent data revealed a previously unappreciated role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in reprogramming the immune response in the local tumor microenvironment and a mutual regulation between EMT and immunoevasion is becoming apparent. In this chapter, we will describe in detail both EpCAM-dependent and -independent approaches that allow the identification of PD-L1 expression and EMT-like features in circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nicolazzo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Gradilone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Dipartimento di Anatomia, Istologia, Medicina Forense e Scienze Ortopediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Gazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche, Oncologiche ed Anatomopatologiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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Andriescu EC, Giuşcă SE, Ciobanu Apostol DG, Lozneanu L, Căruntu ID. EpCAM (MOC-31) - immunohistochemical profile and clinico-pathological correlations in different histological variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2019; 60:429-436. [PMID: 31658315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
EpCAM is a cell-adhesion molecule, located at the basolateral membrane of the normal epithelial cells. Changes in EpCAM expression are reported in several malignancies, as an early indicator for carcinogenesis. Our study aimed to evaluate the EpCAM expression in different subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), focusing on its role in the risk stratification of the histological variants and its relationship with the classical clinico-pathological characteristics. We analyzed 70 selected cases of PTC, divided into low- and high-risk groups, according to histological criteria. Immunohistochemical (IHC) exam was performed using MOC-31 antibody, against the EpEx-MOC-31 extracellular domain of EpCAM molecule. MOC-31 expression was assessed at the membrane and cytoplasmic levels, using a semi-quantitative score that allowed the classification in low- and high-score category, respectively. The relationship between MOC-31 expression and clinico-pathological characteristics was statistically evaluated. We found statistically significant correlation between MOC-31 expression (low versus high) and the risk groups, tumor size and tumor relapse. The twofold analysis, based on score system and risk category, showed an association between low score and low risk in 80% of all cases, low score and high risk in 56% of the cases, high score and low risk in 36% of the cases and high score and high risk in 44% of the cases. The modification of MOC-31 location, with consequent changes in its interactions with other cell-adhesion molecules, is integrated in the carcinogenic mechanism. Our study demonstrates the large variability of MOC-31 expression in PTC histological variants, and highlights the differences between the low and high MOC-31 expression that could work as a useful tool for the identification of those high-risk PTC cases, with unfavorable clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Corina Andriescu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iaşi, Romania;
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Abstract
In this study, two-dimensional (2D), quasi-three-dimensional (3D), and 3D plasmonic photonic crystal (PPC) nanostructures with point-defect cavities were developed and fabricated using direct and reversal nanoimprint lithography. As a result of the hybrid coupling of localized surface plasmon resonance and Fabry-Perot cavity modes, the quasi-3D plasmonic nanoholes showed higher electromagnetic field intensity and sensitivity than the 2D plasmonic nanoholes. Specifically, the sensitivity of the quasi-3D plasmonic nanoholes was 483 nm per refractive index unit (RIU), whereas that of the 2D plasmonic nanoholes was 276 nm RIU-1. In addition, by enhancing electromagnetic field intensity around corners and generating an additional subradiant dark mode, the symmetrical breakage of the quasi-3D plasmonic nanoholes further increased the sensitivity to 946 nm RIU-1. Among all the nanostructures developed in the study, the 3D PPC nanostructures with point-defect cavities showed the highest sensitivity up to 1376 nm RIU-1 and highest figure of merit of 11.6 as the result of the hybrid coupling of plasmonics and photonic crystal modes with multilayered plasmonic nanostructures. The spacing between the 3D PPC nanostructures was comparable with the average size of exosomes derived from fibroblast L cells, which allowed the exosomes to spread around the 3D PPC nanostructures with increased sensing area. This effect further enhanced the detection sensitivity with a large peak shift of 9 nm when using the 3D PPC biosensor to detect exosomes at the concentration of 1 × 104 particles per ml, and the peak shift increased to 102 nm as exosome concentration increased to 1 × 1011 particles per ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zhu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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19
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Petersburg J, Shen J, Csizmar CM, Murphy KA, Spanier J, Gabrielse K, Griffith TS, Fife B, Wagner CR. Eradication of Established Tumors by Chemically Self-Assembled Nanoring Labeled T Cells. ACS Nano 2018; 12:6563-6576. [PMID: 29792808 PMCID: PMC6506352 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory has developed chemically self-assembled nanorings (CSANs) as prosthetic antigen receptors (PARs) for the nongenetic modification of T cell surfaces. PARs have been successfully employed in vitro to activate T cells for the selective killing of leukemia cells. However, PAR efficacy has yet to be evaluated in vivo or against solid tumors. Therefore, we developed bispecific PARs that selectively target the human CD3 receptor and human epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which is overexpressed on multiple carcinomas and cancer stem cells. The αEpCAM/αCD3 PARs were found to stably bind T cells for >4 days, and treating EpCAM+ MCF-7 breast cancer cells with αEpCAM/αCD3 PAR-functionalized T cells resulted in the induction of IL-2, IFN-γ, and MCF-7 cytotoxicity. Furthermore, an orthotopic breast cancer model validated the ability of αEpCAM/αCD3 PAR therapy to direct T cell lytic activity toward EpCAM+ breast cancer cells in vivo, leading to tumor eradication. In vivo biodistribution studies demonstrated that PAR-T cells were formed in vivo and persist for over 48 h with rapid accumulation in tumor tissue. Following PAR treatment, the production of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α could be significantly reduced by an infusion of clinically relevant concentrations of the FDA-approved antibiotic, trimethoprim, signaling pharmacologic PAR deactivation. Importantly, CSANs did not induce naïve T cell activation and thus exhibit a limited potential to induce naïve T cell anergy. In addition, murine immunogenicity studies demonstrated that CSANs do not induce a significant antibody response nor do they activate splenic cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that bispecific CSANs are able to nongenetically generate reversibly modified T cells that are capable of eradicating targeted solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Petersburg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Clifford M Csizmar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Katherine A Murphy
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Justin Spanier
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Kari Gabrielse
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Brian Fife
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Carston R. Wagner
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
- Address correspondence to: , University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 2231 6th Street S.E., Cancer & Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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20
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Han Y, An Y, Jia G, Wang X, He C, Ding Y, Tang Q. Theranostic micelles based on upconversion nanoparticles for dual-modality imaging and photodynamic therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nanoscale 2018; 10:6511-6523. [PMID: 29569668 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09717d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently metastatic once diagnosed and less likely to respond to curative surgery, emphasizing the need for the development of more sensitive and effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is deemed as the biomarker of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are mainly responsible for the recurrence, metastasis and prognosis of HCC. In this study, we discuss the use of mitoxantrone (MX), an antitumor drug and a photosensitizer, for designing upconversion nanoparticle-based micelles grafted with the anti-EpCAM antibody, for dual-modality magnetic resonance/upconversion luminescence (MR/UCL)-guided synergetic chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The obtained micelles exhibit good biocompatibility, high specificity to HCC cells and superior fluorescent/magnetic properties in vitro. In vivo results demonstrate that the targeted micelles exhibited much better MR/UCL imaging qualities compared to the nontargeted micelles after the intravenous injection. More importantly, PEGylated UCNP micelles loaded with MX and grafted with anti-EpCAM antibody, denoted as anti-EpCAM-UPGs-MX, showcased the most effective synergetic antitumor efficacy compared with other treatment groups both in vitro and vivo. The remarkable antitumor effect, coupled with superior simultaneous dual-modality MR/UCL imaging as well as good biocompatibility and negligible toxicity, makes the UPG micelles promising for future translational research in HCC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yanli An
- Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xihui Wang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Chen He
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yinan Ding
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qiusha Tang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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21
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Pertiwi D, Martien R, Sismindari , Ismail H. Formulation of nanoparticles ribosome inactivating proteins from Mirabilis jalapa L. (RIP MJ) conjugated AntiEpCAM antibody using low chain chitosan-pectin and cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell line. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:379-384. [PMID: 29618424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome Inactivating Proteins (RIPs) isolated from Mirabilis jalapa L. (MJ protein) leaves showed high cytotoxic effect on malignant. Chitosan nanoparticles have frequently been used in protein delivery applications. The aim of this study was to develop targeted drug delivery system of RIP MJ for breast cancer therapy with chitosan nanoparticles conjugated antiEpCAM antibody. RIP MJ nanoparticles were prepared using low viscous chitosan and pectin using polyelectrolit complex method, followed by conjugation process with antiEpCAM antibody. Characterization of this formula was then carried out for its entrapment efficiency, particles size, zeta potential, morphology using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and cytotoxic assay against T47D and Vero cell line. The optimal concentration of MJ protein; low viscous chitosan; pectin for preparing AntiEpCAM conjugated of RIP MJ nanoparticles was 0.1%; 0.01%;1% (m/v) respectively and showed satisfactory formula with the average particle size of 376.8±105.2nm, polydispersity index (PI) 0.401, zeta potential 43,71 mV, high entrapment efficiency 98,97±0,12%. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging showed a spherical and homogenous structure for nanoparticles. The in vitro cytotoxicity analysis showed that RIP MJ nanoparticle had more cytotoxic effect compared to unformulated RIP against T47D cell-lines. AntiEpCAM conjugated RIP MJ nanoparticles however, increased cytotoxic effect of RIPs on Vero cell-lines not for T47D cell-lines. Chitosan-Pectin nanoparticles suitable for delivering protein to target cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deasy Pertiwi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Martien
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - - Sismindari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hilda Ismail
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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22
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Brungs D, Lynch D, Luk AWS, Minaei E, Ranson M, Aghmesheh M, Vine KL, Carolan M, Jaber M, de Souza P, Becker TM. Cryopreservation for delayed circulating tumor cell isolation is a valid strategy for prognostic association of circulating tumor cells in gastroesophageal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:810-818. [PMID: 29467551 PMCID: PMC5807939 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i7.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To demonstrate the feasibility of cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for prognostic circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection in gastroesophageal cancer.
METHODS Using 7.5 mL blood samples collected in EDTA tubes from patients with gastroesopheagal adenocarcinoma, CTCs were isolated by epithelial cell adhesion molecule based immunomagnetic capture using the IsoFlux platform. Paired specimens taken during the same blood draw (n = 15) were used to compare number of CTCs isolated from fresh and cryopreserved PBMCs. Blood samples were processed within 24 h to recover the PBMC fraction, with PBMCs used for fresh analysis immediately processed for CTC isolation. Cryopreservation of PBMCs lasted from 2 wk to 25.2 mo (median 14.6 mo). CTCs isolated from pre-treatment cryopreserved PBMCs (n = 43) were examined for associations with clinicopathological variables and survival outcomes.
RESULTS While there was a significant trend to a decrease in CTC numbers associated with cryopreserved specimens (mean number of CTCs 34.4 vs 51.5, P = 0.04), this was predominately in samples with a total CTC count of > 50, with low CTC count samples less affected (P = 0.06). There was no significant association between the duration of cryopreservation and number of CTCs. In cryopreserved PBMCs from patient samples prior to treatment, a high CTC count (> 17) was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (n = 43, HR = 4.4, 95%CI: 1.7-11.7, P = 0.0013). In multivariate analysis, after controlling for sex, age, stage, ECOG performance status, and primary tumor location, a high CTC count remained significantly associated with a poorer OS (HR = 3.7, 95%CI: 1.2-12.4, P = 0.03).
CONCLUSION PBMC cryopreservation for delayed CTC isolation is a valid strategy to assist with sample collection, transporting and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brungs
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Cancer Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - David Lynch
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales 2000, Australia
- Centre for Circulating Tumor Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Alison WS Luk
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - Elahe Minaei
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - Morteza Aghmesheh
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Cancer Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - Kara L Vine
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - Martin Carolan
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Cancer Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - Mouhannad Jaber
- Illawarra Cancer Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales 2000, Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales 2000, Australia
- Centre for Circulating Tumor Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney 2170, Australia
- South Western Medical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2170, Australia
| | - Therese M Becker
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales 2000, Australia
- Centre for Circulating Tumor Cell Diagnostics and Research, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney 2170, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney 2170, Australia
- South Western Medical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2170, Australia
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23
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Kuai JH, Wang Q, Zhang AJ, Zhang JY, Chen ZF, Wu KK, Hu XZ. Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted immune magnetic liposomes capture circulating colorectal tumor cells efficiently. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:351-359. [PMID: 29391757 PMCID: PMC5776396 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i3.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the capacity of newly developed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted immune magnetic liposomes (EILs) vs epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) immunomagnetic beads to capture colorectal circulating tumor cells (CTCs).
METHODS EILs were prepared using a two-step method, and the magnetic and surface characteristics were confirmed. The efficiency of capturing colorectal CTCs as well as the specificity were compared between EILs and EpCAM magnetic beads.
RESULTS The obtained EILs had a lipid nanoparticle structure similar to cell membrane. Improved binding with cancer cells was seen in EILs compared with the method of coupling nano/microspheres with antibody. The binding increased as the contact time extended. Compared with EpCAM immunomagnetic beads, EILs captured more CTCs in peripheral blood from colorectal cancer patients. The captured cells showed consistency with clinical diagnosis and pathology. Mutation analysis showed same results between captured CTCs and cancer tissues.
CONCLUSION EGFR antibody-coated magnetic liposomes show high efficiency and specificity in capturing colorectal CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Kuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Feng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kang-Kang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, Shandong Province, China
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24
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Hong R, Zhou Y, Tian X, Wang L, Wu X. Selective inhibition of IDO1, D-1-methyl-tryptophan (D-1MT), effectively increased EpCAM/CD3-bispecific BiTE antibody MT110 efficacy against IDO1 hibreast cancer via enhancing immune cells activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 54:118-124. [PMID: 29128855 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MuS110 and MT110 are BiTE antibodies bispecific for CD3 and EpCAM, which is the most frequently and highly expressed tumor-associated antigen on breast cancer. And pronounced expression of IDO1 has also been reported in breast cancer. Our study aimed to investigate whether IDO1 inhibitor D-1MT combing with MuS110/MT110 had synergistic antitumor effects on IDO expressing EpCAM-positive breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Data suggested that the expression of IDO1 on Epcam-positive breast cancer 4T1 and MCF-7 decreased MuS110/MT110 antitumor efficacy by the suppression of T cells activation in vitro. Combining D-1MT with MT110 in IDO+MCF-7 cells, or with MuS110 in IDO+4T1 cells, significantly improved the antitumor efficacy of BiTE antibodies via increasing T cell cytotoxicity and contributing to cytokines releasing. In vivo assay, combination of D-1MT with MT110 in NOD/SCID mice bearing IDOhi MCF-7 xenografts or MuS110 in immune competent BALB/c mice bearing IDOhi 4T1 xenografts suggested the similar synergistic effect. Together, IDO inhibition could reverse the suppression of T cells due to IDO expressing on breast cancer, and improve the antitumor efficacy of EpCAM/CD3-bispecific BiTE antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Hong
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Sanya, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China.
| | - Yuhai Zhou
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Sanya, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Xiujuan Tian
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Sanya, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Sanya, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Sanya, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
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25
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Englhard AS, Palaras A, Volgger V, Stepp H, Mack B, Libl D, Gires O, Betz CS. Confocal laser endomicroscopy in head and neck malignancies using FITC-labelled EpCAM- and EGF-R-antibodies in cell lines and tumor biopsies. J Biophotonics 2017; 10:1365-1376. [PMID: 28106950 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intraoperative detection of residual malignant cells at tumor margins following excision of primary tumors could help improving surgery and thus patients' outcome. The feasibility of the tumor antigens epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) for antibody-dependent confocal laser scanning endomicroscopy (CLE)-mediated visualization of malignant cells was addressed. Both tumor antigens are highly and frequently expressed in the majority of carcinomas, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and represent prognostic and therapeutic tumor target molecules. FITC-conjugated EGF-R- and EpCAM-specific antibodies served as molecular tools for the detection of antigen-positive cells using the CLE technology. Specificity of both antibodies and their ability to discriminate tumor from non-tumor cells were assessed in vitro with human fibroblasts and PCI-1 HNSCC cell lines, and ex vivo on primary HNSCC samples (n = 11) and healthy mucosa (n = 5). Antigen specificity of the used EpCAM-specific antibody was superior to that of the EGF-R-specific antibody both in vitro and ex vivo (100% vs. 31.25%), and allowed visualization of cellular structures in CLE measurements. These results hold promise for possible future applications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Englhard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Palaras
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Zentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 19, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Volgger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Stepp
- Laser-Forschungslabor, LIFE-Zentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 19, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Brigitte Mack
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Darko Libl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Gires
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group "Personalized Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Tumors", Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Germany
| | - Christian S Betz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
The identification of therapeutically targetable mutations in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from cancer patient blood is increasingly used to personalize patient care. Here, we describe a novel approach for the enumeration, capture, and molecular analysis of CTCs from blood using an FDA-approved CTC enrichment and enumeration platform followed by dielectrophoretic capture and next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Yee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, #8-104, South Pavilion, 8th Fl., 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Erica L Carpenter
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, #8-104, South Pavilion, 8th Fl., 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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27
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Alvarez Cubero MJ, Lorente JA, Robles-Fernandez I, Rodriguez-Martinez A, Puche JL, Serrano MJ. Circulating Tumor Cells: Markers and Methodologies for Enrichment and Detection. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1634:283-303. [PMID: 28819860 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7144-2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of disease worldwide; however, nowadays many points of its initiation processes are unknown. In this chapter, we are focusing on the role of liquid biopsies in cancer detection and progression. CTCs are one of the main components of liquid biopsies, they represent a subset of tumor cells that have acquired the ability to disseminate from the primary tumor and intravasate to the circulatory system. The greatest challenge in the detection of CTCs is their rarity in the blood. Human blood consists of white blood cells (5-10 × 106/mL), red blood cells (5-9 × 109/mL), and platelets (2.5-4 × 108/mL); very few CTCs will be present even in patients with known metastatic disease, with often less than one CTC per mL of blood. CTCs are found in frequencies on the order of 1-10 CTCs per mL of whole blood in patients with metastatic disease, and it is reduced in half for non-metastatic stages. Therefore, accurate methodologies for their capture and analysis are really important. The main aim of the present chapter is to describe different methodologies for CTCs capturing and analysis.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Count
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Separation/instrumentation
- Cell Separation/methods
- Cell Survival
- Centrifugation, Density Gradient/methods
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/genetics
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/immunology
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/metabolism
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Equipment Design
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/immunology
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Ficoll/chemistry
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- Immunoassay
- Keratins/genetics
- Keratins/immunology
- Keratins/metabolism
- Microfluidic Analytical Techniques/instrumentation
- Neoplasms/blood
- Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/immunology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Protein Binding
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alvarez Cubero
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - J A Lorente
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, University of Granada-Dept. of Legal Medicine - Faculty of Medicine, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - I Robles-Fernandez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez-Martinez
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, University of Granada-Dept. of Legal Medicine - Faculty of Medicine, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - J L Puche
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospitals of Granada, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - M J Serrano
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Integral Oncology Division, Clinical University Hospitals of Granada, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
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Magbanua MJM, Solanki TI, Ordonez AD, Hsiao F, Park JW. Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells and Disseminated Tumor Cells in Blood and Bone Marrow by Immunomagnetic Enrichment and Flow Cytometry (IE/FC). Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1634:203-210. [PMID: 28819853 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7144-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Enumerating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow has shown to be clinically useful, as elevated numbers of these cells predict poor clinical outcomes. Accurate detection and quantification is, however, difficult and technically challenging because CTCs and DTCs are extremely rare. We have developed a novel quantitative detection method for enumeration of CTCs and DTCs. Our approach consists of two steps: (1) EPCAM-based immunomagnetic enrichment followed by (2) flow cytometry (IE/FC). The assay takes approximately 2 h to complete. In addition to tumor cell enumeration, IE/FC offers opportunities for direct isolation of highly pure tumor cells for downstream molecular characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jesus M Magbanua
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-San Francisco, Box 1387, 2340 Sutter St., S471, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
| | - Tulasi I Solanki
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-San Francisco, Box 1387, 2340 Sutter St., S471, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Andrea D Ordonez
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-San Francisco, Box 1387, 2340 Sutter St., S471, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Feng Hsiao
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-San Francisco, Box 1387, 2340 Sutter St., S471, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - John W Park
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-San Francisco, Box 1387, 2340 Sutter St., S471, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
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Pugia M, Magbanua MJM, Park JW. Automated Microfluidic Filtration and Immunocytochemistry Detection System for Capture and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells and Other Rare Cell Populations in Blood. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1634:119-131. [PMID: 28819845 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7144-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Isolation by size using a filter membrane offers an antigen-independent method for capturing rare cells present in blood of cancer patients. Multiple cell types, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), captured on the filter membrane can be simultaneously identified via immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis of specific cellular biomarkers. Here, we describe an automated microfluidic filtration method combined with a liquid handling system for sequential ICC assays to detect and enumerate non-hematologic rare cells in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pugia
- Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, 4300 Middlebury St, Elkhart, IN, 46516, USA.
| | - Mark Jesus M Magbanua
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - John W Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
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30
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Gao Y, Gu S, Zhang Y, Xie X, Yu T, Lu Y, Zhu Y, Chen W, Zhang H, Dong H, Sinko PJ, Jia L. The Architecture and Function of Monoclonal Antibody-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Mifepristone: Repurposing Abortifacient for Cancer Metastatic Chemoprevention. Small 2016; 12:2595-608. [PMID: 27027489 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The circulating tumor cells (CTCs) existing in cancer survivors are considered the root cause of cancer metastasis. To prevent the devastating metastasis cascade from initiation, we hypothesize that a biodegradable nanomaterial loaded with the abortifacient mifepristone (MIF) and conjugated with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule antibody (aEpCAM) may serve as a safe and effective cancer metastatic preventive agent by targeting CTCs and preventing their adhesion-invasion to vascular intima. It is demonstrated that MIF-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) coated with aEpCAM (aE-MSN-M) can specifically target and bind colorectal cancer cells in either cell medium or blood through EpCAM recognition proven by quantitative flow cytometric detection and free aEpCAM competitive assay. The specific binding results in downregulation of the captured cells and drives them into G0/G1 phase primarily attributed to the effect of aEpCAM. The functional nanoparticles significantly inhibit the heteroadhesion between cancer cells and endothelial cells, suggesting the combined inhibition effects of aEpCAM and MIF on E-selectin and ICAM-1 expression. The functionalized nanoparticles circulate in mouse blood long enough to deliver MIF and inhibit lung metastasis. The present proof-of-concept study shows that the aE-MSN-M can prevent cancer metastasis by restraining CTC activity and their adhesion-invasion to vascular intima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Songen Gu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yewei Zhu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenge Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Patrick J Sinko
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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31
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Murray C, Pao E, Tseng P, Aftab S, Kulkarni R, Rettig M, Di Carlo D. Quantitative Magnetic Separation of Particles and Cells Using Gradient Magnetic Ratcheting. Small 2016; 12:1891-9. [PMID: 26890496 PMCID: PMC4958462 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Extraction of rare target cells from biosamples is enabling for life science research. Traditional rare cell separation techniques, such as magnetic activated cell sorting, are robust but perform coarse, qualitative separations based on surface antigen expression. A quantitative magnetic separation technology is reported using high-force magnetic ratcheting over arrays of magnetically soft micropillars with gradient spacing, and the system is used to separate and concentrate magnetic beads based on iron oxide content (IOC) and cells based on surface expression. The system consists of a microchip of permalloy micropillar arrays with increasing lateral pitch and a mechatronic device to generate a cycling magnetic field. Particles with higher IOC separate and equilibrate along the miropillar array at larger pitches. A semi-analytical model is developed that predicts behavior for particles and cells. Using the system, LNCaP cells are separated based on the bound quantity of 1 μm anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) particles as a metric for expression. The ratcheting cytometry system is able to resolve a ±13 bound particle differential, successfully distinguishing LNCaP from PC3 populations based on EpCAM expression, correlating with flow cytometry analysis. As a proof-of-concept, EpCAM-labeled cells from patient blood are isolated with 74% purity, demonstrating potential toward a quantitative magnetic separation instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coleman Murray
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Edward Pao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Peter Tseng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Shayan Aftab
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Rajan Kulkarni
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Urology, USA
| | - Matthew Rettig
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Urology, USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, P.O. Box 951600, Los Angeles, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, USA
- Corresponding author: Prof. Dino Di Carlo, Department of Bioengineering, 420 Westwood Plaza 5121E Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 (USA),
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