1
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Timm S, Lettau M, Hegermann J, Rocha ML, Weidenfeld S, Fatykhova D, Gutbier B, Nouailles G, Lopez-Rodriguez E, Hocke A, Hippenstiel S, Witzenrath M, Kuebler WM, Ochs M. The unremarkable alveolar epithelial glycocalyx: a thorium dioxide-based electron microscopic comparison after heparinase or pneumolysin treatment. Histochem Cell Biol 2023:10.1007/s00418-023-02211-7. [PMID: 37386200 PMCID: PMC10387119 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations analyzed in depth the biochemical and biophysical properties of the endothelial glycocalyx. In comparison, this complex cell-covering structure is largely understudied in alveolar epithelial cells. To better characterize the alveolar glycocalyx ultrastructure, unaffected versus injured human lung tissue explants and mouse lungs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Lung tissue was treated with either heparinase (HEP), known to shed glycocalyx components, or pneumolysin (PLY), the exotoxin of Streptococcus pneumoniae not investigated for structural glycocalyx effects so far. Cationic colloidal thorium dioxide (cThO2) particles were used for glycocalyx glycosaminoglycan visualization. The level of cThO2 particles orthogonal to apical cell membranes (≙ stained glycosaminoglycan height) of alveolar epithelial type I (AEI) and type II (AEII) cells was stereologically measured. In addition, cThO2 particle density was studied by dual-axis electron tomography (≙ stained glycosaminoglycan density in three dimensions). For untreated samples, the average cThO2 particle level was ≈ 18 nm for human AEI, ≈ 17 nm for mouse AEI, ≈ 44 nm for human AEII and ≈ 35 nm for mouse AEII. Both treatments, HEP and PLY, resulted in a significant reduction of cThO2 particle levels on human and mouse AEI and AEII. Moreover, a HEP- and PLY-associated reduction in cThO2 particle density was observed. The present study provides quantitative data on the differential glycocalyx distribution on AEI and AEII based on cThO2 and demonstrates alveolar glycocalyx shedding in response to HEP or PLY resulting in a structural reduction in both glycosaminoglycan height and density. Future studies should elucidate the underlying alveolar epithelial cell type-specific distribution of glycocalyx subcomponents for better functional understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Timm
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Lettau
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy and Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Linda Rocha
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, 10249, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Weidenfeld
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Fatykhova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgitt Gutbier
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geraldine Nouailles
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Lopez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hocke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
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2
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Szelinski F, Stefanski AL, Schrezenmeier E, Rincon-Arevalo H, Wiedemann A, Reiter K, Ritter J, Lettau M, Dang V, Fuchs S, Frei AP, Alexander T, Lino AC, Dörner T. Antigen-experienced CXCR5 - CD19 low B cells are plasmablast precursors expanded in SLE. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1556-1568. [PMID: 35507291 DOI: 10.1002/art.42157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Altered composition of the B cell compartment in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by expanded plasmablast (PB) and IgD- CD27- double negative (DN) B cell populations. Previous studies showed that DN B cells represent a heterogeneous subset and further characterization is needed. METHODS Therefore, we analyzed two independent cohorts of healthy donors and SLE patients using a combined approach of flow (HD: n=16; SLE: n=28,) and mass cytometry (HD: n=18; SLE: n=24) and targeted RNA sequencing. To study B cell subsets formation in acute immune response versus autoimmunity we investigated HDs at various time points upon vaccination with BNT162b2 or during acute COVID-19 infection using flow cytometry. RESULTS We have found that IgD- CD27+ switched and atypical IgD- CD27- memory B cells, which are increased in SLE, represent heterogeneous populations composed of three different subsets each. Populations of CXCR5+ CD19int , CXCR5- CD19high and CXCR5- CD19low are found in both compartments suggesting their relationship. We characterize a hitherto unknown and antigen-experienced CXCR5- CD19low subset enhanced in SLE carrying a PB phenotype with diminished B cell receptor responsiveness and expression of CD38, CD95, CD71, PRDM1, XBP-1, and IRF4. CXCR5- CD19low subsets are increased and correlate with PB frequencies in SLE and upon BNT162b2-vaccination of HD suggesting their interrelationship and contribution to plasmacytosis. The demonstration of CXCR5- CD19low B cells amongst both CD27+ and CD27- cells questions the role of CD27 as reliable marker for B cell differentiation. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CXCR5- CD19low B cells are precursors of plasmablasts, thus co-targeting this subset may have therapeutic value in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Szelinski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Luisa Stefanski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Schrezenmeier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Intensive Medical Care, Charité- University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hector Rincon-Arevalo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Intensive Medical Care, Charité- University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Reiter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Ritter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Lettau
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - VanDuc Dang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fuchs
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas P Frei
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreia C Lino
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Lettau M, Timm S, Dittmayer C, Lopez-Rodriguez E, Ochs M. The ultrastructural heterogeneity of lung surfactant revealed by serial section electron tomography: Insights into the 3D architecture of human tubular myelin. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L873-L881. [PMID: 35438000 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00020.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Weibel's hypothetical 3D model in 1966 provided first ultrastructural details into tubular myelin (TM), a unique, complex surfactant subtype found in the hypophase of the alveolar lining layer. Although initial descriptions by electron microscopy (EM) were already published in the 1950s, a uniform morphological differentiation from other intraalveolar surfactant subtypes is still missing and potential structure-function relationships remain enigmatic. Technical developments in volume EM methods now allow a more detailed reinvestigation. To address unanswered ultrastructural questions, we analyzed ultrathin sections of humanized SP-A1/SP-A2 co-expressing mouse as well as human lung samples by conventional transmission EM. We combined these 2D information with 3D analysis of single- and dual-axis electron tomography of serial sections for high z-resolution (in a range of a few nm) and extended volumes of up to 1 µm total z-information. This study reveals that TM constitutes a heterogeneous surfactant organization mainly comprised of distorted parallel membrane planes with local intersections, which are distributed all over the TM substructure. These intersecting membrane planes form, among other various polygons, the well-known 2D "lattice", respectively 3D quadratic tubules, which in many analyzed spots of human alveoli appear to be less abundant than also observed non-concentric 3D lamellae. The additional application of serial section electron tomography to conventional transmission EM demonstrates a high heterogeneity of TM membrane networks, which indicates dynamic transformations between its substructures. Our method provides an ideal basis for further in and ex vivo structural analyses of surfactant under various conditions at nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lettau
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité , Berlin, Germany
| | - Sara Timm
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, Charité , Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité , Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Rizzo AN, Haeger SM, Oshima K, Yang Y, Wallbank AM, Jin Y, Lettau M, McCaig LA, Wickersham NE, McNeil JB, Zakharevich I, McMurtry SA, Langouët-Astrié CJ, Kopf KW, Voelker DR, Hansen KC, Shaver CM, Kerchberger VE, Peterson RA, Kuebler WM, Ochs M, Veldhuizen RA, Smith BJ, Ware LB, Bastarache JA, Schmidt EP. Alveolar epithelial glycocalyx degradation mediates surfactant dysfunction and contributes to acute respiratory distress syndrome. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154573. [PMID: 34874923 PMCID: PMC8855818 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of respiratory failure yet has few pharmacologic therapies, reflecting the mechanistic heterogeneity of lung injury. We hypothesized that damage to the alveolar epithelial glycocalyx, a layer of glycosaminoglycans interposed between the epithelium and surfactant, contributes to lung injury in patients with ARDS. Using mass spectrometry of airspace fluid noninvasively collected from mechanically ventilated patients, we found that airspace glycosaminoglycan shedding (an index of glycocalyx degradation) occurred predominantly in patients with direct lung injury and was associated with duration of mechanical ventilation. Male patients had increased shedding, which correlated with airspace concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases. Selective epithelial glycocalyx degradation in mice was sufficient to induce surfactant dysfunction, a key characteristic of ARDS, leading to microatelectasis and decreased lung compliance. Rapid colorimetric quantification of airspace glycosaminoglycans was feasible and could provide point-of-care prognostic information to clinicians and/or be used for predictive enrichment in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N. Rizzo
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Sarah M. Haeger
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kaori Oshima
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Yimu Yang
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Ying Jin
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine,,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marie Lettau
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lynda A. McCaig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy E. Wickersham
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - J. Brennan McNeil
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Igor Zakharevich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah A. McMurtry
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Katrina W. Kopf
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Dennis R. Voelker
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ciara M. Shaver
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - V. Eric Kerchberger
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ryan A. Peterson
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine,,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruud A.W. Veldhuizen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradford J. Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, and,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lorraine B. Ware
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julie A. Bastarache
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Eric P. Schmidt
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine,,Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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5
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Wiedemann A, Lettau M, Weißenberg SY, Stefanski AL, Schrezenmeier EV, Rincon-Arevalo H, Reiter K, Alexander T, Hiepe F, Lino AC, Dörner T. BTLA Expression and Function Are Impaired on SLE B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667991. [PMID: 33968071 PMCID: PMC8100666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA/CD272) is an inhibitory checkpoint molecule expressed on T and B cells. Prior studies reported defective function of BTLA by T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), whereas nothing is known about its role on B cells in SLE, a disease with various B cell abnormalities. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 23 healthy donors (HD) and 34 SLE patients were stained for BTLA and its expression on B cells was assessed. PBMCs or CD27-IgD+ naive B cells were stimulated together with an activating anti-BTLA antibody or an inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and differentiation as well as the expression of activation markers CD71, PD-1 and CD86 were analyzed. Our phenotypic and functional studies revealed reduced BTLA expression on CD27-IgD+ naïve B cells from SLE patients (p=0.0017) related to anti-dsDNA antibody titers (p=0.0394) and SIGLEC-1/CD169 expression on monocytes (p=0.0196), a type I interferon marker related to disease activity. BTLA engagement was found to control CpG/TLR9 activation limiting plasmablast (p=0.0156) and B cell memory induction (p=0.0078) in normal B cells in contrast to other B cell activation pathways (CD40, BCR). These BTLA functions were impaired in SLE B cells. Inhibition of SYK was found to mimic the effects of BTLA activity in vitro. Thus, is it possible that reduced BTLA expression and function of CD27-IgD+ antigen- and T cell-inexperienced SLE B cells could be overcome by SYK inhibition which should be tested in future studies as potential therapeutic principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wiedemann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Lettau
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Y Weißenberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana-Luisa Stefanski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva-Vanessa Schrezenmeier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Intensive Medical Care, BIH Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hector Rincon-Arevalo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Intensive Medical Care, BIH Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Karin Reiter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreia C Lino
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
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6
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Rincon-Arevalo H, Wiedemann A, Stefanski AL, Lettau M, Szelinski F, Fuchs S, Frei AP, Steinberg M, Kam-Thong T, Hatje K, Keller B, Warnatz K, Radbruch A, Lino AC, Schrezenmeier E, Dörner T. Deep Phenotyping of CD11c + B Cells in Systemic Autoimmunity and Controls. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635615. [PMID: 33777025 PMCID: PMC7994903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating CD11c+ B cells are a key phenomenon in certain types of autoimmunity but have also been described in the context of regular immune responses (i.e., infections, vaccination). Using mass cytometry to profile 46 different markers on individual immune cells, we systematically initially confirmed the presence of increased CD11c+ B cells in the blood of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Notably, significant differences in the expression of CD21, CD27, and CD38 became apparent between CD11c− and CD11c+ B cells. We observed direct correlation of the frequency of CD21−CD27− B cells and CD21−CD38− B cells with CD11c+ B cells, which were most pronounced in SLE compared to primary Sjögren's syndrome patients (pSS) and healthy donors (HD). Thus, CD11c+ B cells resided mainly within memory subsets and were enriched in CD27−IgD−, CD21−CD27−, and CD21−CD38− B cell phenotypes. CD11c+ B cells from all donor groups (SLE, pSS, and HD) showed enhanced CD69, Ki-67, CD45RO, CD45RA, and CD19 expression, whereas the membrane expression of CXCR5 and CD21 were diminished. Notably, SLE CD11c+ B cells showed enhanced expression of the checkpoint molecules CD86, PD1, PDL1, CD137, VISTA, and CTLA-4 compared to HD. The substantial increase of CD11c+ B cells with a CD21− phenotype co-expressing distinct activation and checkpoint markers, points to a quantitative increased alternate (extrafollicular) B cell activation route possibly related to abnormal immune regulation as seen under the striking inflammatory conditions of SLE which shows a characteristic PD-1/PD-L1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Rincon-Arevalo
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Medical Care, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany.,Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana-Luisa Stefanski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Lettau
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Szelinski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fuchs
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Philipp Frei
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Malte Steinberg
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tony Kam-Thong
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klas Hatje
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | | | - Eva Schrezenmeier
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Medical Care, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Wiedemann A, Lettau M, Wirries I, Jungmann A, Salhab A, Gasparoni G, Mei HE, Perka C, Walter J, Radbruch A, Lino AC, Dörner T. Human IgA-Expressing Bone Marrow Plasma Cells Characteristically Upregulate Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Upon B Cell Receptor Stimulation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:628923. [PMID: 33643306 PMCID: PMC7907642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.628923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC) beyond antibody production are not fully elucidated and distinct subsets of BMPC suggest potential different functions. Phenotypic differences were identified for human BMPC depending on CD19 expression. Since CD19 is a co-stimulatory molecule of the B-cell-receptor (BCR), and IgA+ and IgM+ BMPC express the BCR on their surface, we here studied whether CD19 expression affects cellular responses, such as BCR signaling and the expression of checkpoint molecules. We analyzed 132 BM samples from individuals undergoing routine total hip arthroplasty. We found that both CD19+ and CD19− BMPC expressed BCR signaling molecules. Notably, the BCR-associated kinase spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) including pSYK was higher expressed in CD19+ BMPC compared to CD19− BMPC. BCR stimulation also resulted in increased kinase phosphorylation downstream of the BCR while expression of CD19 remained stable afterwards. Interestingly, the BCR response was restricted to IgA+ BMPC independently of CD19 expression. With regard to the expression of checkpoint molecules, CD19− BMPC expressed higher levels of co-inhibitory molecule programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) than CD19+ BMPC. IgA+ BMPC characteristically upregulated PD-1 upon BCR stimulation in contrast to other PC subsets and inhibition of the kinase SYK abrogated PD-1 upregulation. In contrast, expression of PD-1 ligand, B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and CD28 did not change upon BCR activation of IgA+ BMPC. Here, we identify a distinct characteristic of IgA+ BMPC that is independent of the phenotypic heterogeneity of the subsets according to their CD19 expression. The data suggest that IgA+ BMPC underlie different regulatory principles and/or exert distinct regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wiedemann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Lettau
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Wirries
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Annemarie Jungmann
- Department of Genetics and Epigenetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Abdulrahman Salhab
- Department of Genetics and Epigenetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics and Epigenetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Henrik E Mei
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Department of Orthopedics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics and Epigenetics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreia C Lino
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Even early on thromboembolic events were observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) until the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was described in the 1980s as an independent disorder. The APS is a systemic autoimmune disease often overlapping with SLE in which antiphospholipid autoantibodies, including lupus anticoagulant, can cause a hypercoagulation state, which clinically by definition is manifested as arterial and venous occlusions or pregnancy complications. The pathophysiology has not yet been entirely delineated and the clinical spectrum of associated concomitant manifestations is large. As the mortality is increased with SLE and simultaneous APS, focused diagnostics and risk assessment are indispensable. According to the recently published recommendations of the European League Against Rheumatism the therapeutic strategy comprises individualized secondary prevention of thromboembolic complications by means of anticoagulation (with unaltered importance of vitamin K antagonists) and thrombocyte aggregation inhibition, usually lifelong. Statins and antimalarial drugs are recommended for vascular protection while immunosuppressive treatment has not so far been sufficiently proven for APS but remains the subject of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lettau
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - E V Schrezenmeier
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.,Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - C Specker
- Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Klinik für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, 45239, Essen, Deutschland
| | - T Dörner
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland. .,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
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Eibach L, Scheffel S, Cardebring M, Lettau M, Özgür Celik M, Morguet A, Roehle R, Stein C. Cannabidivarin for HIV-Associated Neuropathic Pain: A Randomized, Blinded, Controlled Clinical Trial. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 109:1055-1062. [PMID: 32770831 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
HIV remains a major burden to the health care system and neuropathic pain is the most common neurological complication of HIV infection. Because current treatment strategies often lack satisfying pain relief, cannabinoids (CBs) are discussed as a new option. We investigated cannabidivarin (CBDV) as treatment for HIV-associated neuropathic pain. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Patients underwent two successive treatment phases (4 weeks each) and were treated with CBDV (400 mg/day) or placebo in a randomized order. A 3-week washout phase was designed to eliminate potential carry-over effects. Patients were followed up for 3 weeks after the end of the second treatment phase. The primary end point was pain intensity on an 11-point numeric rating scale, recorded in a diary. Secondary end points were additional pain medication, pain characteristics, and quality of life. We included 32 patients. The mean pain intensity under CBDV was 0.62 points higher compared with placebo (P = 0.16, 95% confidence interval -0.27 to 1.51). CBDV did not influence the amount of additional pain medication, pain characteristics, or quality of life. The incidence of adverse events was similar during both treatments. No suspected unexpected adverse reactions occurred during either treatment. CBDV was safe but failed to reduce neuropathic pain in patients with HIV. This may be explained by a lack of CB receptor activation, as indicated by preclinical experiments. Although a larger patient number might be desirable, we would not expect a change in the conclusions because the present differences are far from statistical significance. Therefore, we would currently not consider CBDV as a clinically meaningful treatment option for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Eibach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Scheffel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,SteriPharm Pharmazeutische Produkte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Madeleine Cardebring
- Department of Anesthesiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,Vivantes Klinikum Kaulsdorf, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Lettau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Özgür Celik
- Department of Anesthesiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Morguet
- Department of Cardiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Roehle
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Coordinating Center for Clinical Studies, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Stein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Lettau M, Wiedemann A, Schrezenmeier EV, Giesecke-Thiel C, Dörner T. Human CD27+ memory B cells colonize a superficial follicular zone in the palatine tonsils with similarities to the spleen. A multicolor immunofluorescence study of lymphoid tissue. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229778. [PMID: 32187186 PMCID: PMC7080255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory B cell (mBC) induction and maintenance is one of the keys to long-term protective humoral immunity. MBCs are fundamental to successful medical interventions such as vaccinations and therapy in autoimmunity. However, their lifestyle and anatomic residence remain enigmatic in humans. Extrapolation from animal studies serves as a conceptual basis but might be misleading due to major anatomical distinctions between species. METHODS AND FINDINGS Multicolor immunofluorescence stainings on fixed and unfixed frozen tissue sections were established using primary antibodies coupled to haptens and secondary signal amplification. The simultaneous detection of five different fluorescence signals enabled the localization and characterization of human CD27+CD20+Ki67- mBCs for the first time within one section using laser scanning microscopy. As a result, human tonsillar mBCs were initially identified within their complex microenvironment and their relative location to naïve B cells, plasma cells and T cells could be directly studied and compared to the human splenic mBC niche. In all investigated tonsils (n = 15), mBCs appeared to be not only located in a so far subepithelial defined area but were also follicle associated with a previous undescribed gradual decline towards the follicular mantle comparable to human spleen. However, mBC areas around secondary follicles with large germinal centers (GCs) in tonsils showed interruptions and a general widening towards the epithelium while in spleen the mBC-containing marginal zones (MZ) around smaller GCs were relatively broad and symmetrical. Considerably fewer IgM+IgD+/- pre-switch compared to IgA+ or IgG+ post-switch mBCs were detected in tonsils in contrast to spleen. CONCLUSIONS This study extends existing insights into the anatomic residence of human mBCs showing structural similarities of the superficial follicular area in human spleen and tonsil. Our data support the debate of renaming the human splenic MZ to 'superficial zone' in order to be aware of the differences in rodents and, moreover, to consider this term equally for the human palatine tonsil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lettau
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Vanessa Schrezenmeier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Giesecke-Thiel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Formerly at the Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center Berlin (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Lettau M. [Not Available]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2016; 188:229-33. [PMID: 26906750 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-106068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Lettau M, Kabelitz D, Janssen O. Lysosome-Related Effector Vesicles in T Lymphocytes and NK Cells. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:235-43. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lettau
- Institute of Immunology; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - D. Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel; Kiel Germany
| | - O. Janssen
- Institute of Immunology; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel; Kiel Germany
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13
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Lettau M, Kronlage M. [Amyloidosis of the brain]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2015; 187:718-20. [PMID: 25750118 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1399031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Lettau M. [Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014; 187:3-8. [PMID: 25531336 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1369472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Lettau M. [Hypothalamic hamartomas]]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014; 186:433-6. [PMID: 24756385 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1369010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Chitadze G, Bhat J, Lettau M, Janssen O, Kabelitz D. Generation of soluble NKG2D ligands: proteolytic cleavage, exosome secretion and functional implications. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:120-9. [PMID: 23679194 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The activating natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor is expressed on NK cells, cytotoxic T cells and additional T cell subsets. Ligands for human NKG2D comprise two groups of MHC class I-related molecules, the MHC class I chain-related proteins A and B (MICA/B) and 6 UL16-binding proteins (ULBP1-6). While NKG2D ligands are absent from most normal cells, expression is induced upon stress and malignant transformation. In fact, most solid tumours and leukaemia/lymphomas constitutively express at least one NKG2D ligand and thereby are susceptible to NKG2D-dependent immunosurveillance. However, soluble NKG2D ligands are released from tumour cells and can down-modulate NKG2D activation as a means of tumour immune escape. In some tumour entities, levels of soluble NKG2D ligands in the serum correlate with tumour progression. NKG2D ligands can be proteolytically shed from the cell surface or liberated from the membrane by phospholipase C in the case of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored molecules. Moreover, NKG2D ligands can be secreted in exosomal microvesicles together with other tumour-derived molecules. Depending on the specific tumour/immune cell setting, these various forms of soluble and/or exosome-bound NKG2D ligands can exert multiple effects on NKG2D/NKG2D ligand interactions. In this review, we focus on the role of various proteases in the shedding of human NKG2D ligands from tumour cells and discuss the not completely unanimous reported functional implications of soluble and exosome-secreted NKG2D ligands for immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chitadze
- Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Lettau M. [Total hemimegalencephaly]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013; 185:1204-6. [PMID: 23857071 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1350109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Lettau M, Hammen T, Zentner J. [Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) with pronounced calcinosis]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013; 185:1195-7. [PMID: 23857070 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1335880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Lettau M. [Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome with involvement of the medulla oblongata]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013; 185:573-5. [PMID: 23695986 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1330669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lettau M, Munk RD, Munk-Schulenburg S. [Gomez-López-Hernández-Syndrome]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013; 185:662-3. [PMID: 23494500 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1335027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Schläger A, Winter K, Leonhardt G, Altenmüller D, van Calker DO, Lettau M, Tebartz van Elst L. Neuronale Netzwerkinstabilität als Ursache einer Ultra-rapid-cycling bipolar affektiven Störung bei V.a. Temporallappenepilepsie auf dem Boden einer Hippocampusläsion? KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1337189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Lettau M. [Meningeose with recurrent medulloblastoma : diffusion restriction, but no contrast enhancement]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013; 185:567-9. [PMID: 23440641 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1330664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lettau
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Breisacher Straße 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany,
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Lettau M, Laible M. [Paraganglioma of the terminal filum]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012; 185:166-7. [PMID: 23108899 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1325432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lettau M, Laible M. [Mild form of the middle interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012; 184:1059-60. [PMID: 22851296 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lettau
- Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 64, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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Laible M, Schoenberg SO, Weckbach S, Lettau M, Winnik E, Bischof J, Franke R, Reiser M, Kramer H. Whole-body MRI and MRA for evaluation of the prevalence of atherosclerosis in a cohort of subjectively healthy individuals. Insights Imaging 2012; 3:485-93. [PMID: 22836780 PMCID: PMC3443278 DOI: 10.1007/s13244-012-0180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular findings in asymptomatic individuals by means of 1.5-T whole-body magnetic resonance imaging and angiography. Methods A cohort of 138 individuals (118 men, 20 women) with a mean age of 54 years (SD ± 7.55) was referred to whole-body MRI at 1.5-T, including contrast-enhanced whole-body MR angiography (MRA) and cardiac MRI. A total of 2,065/2,070 vessel segments (99.8%) and cardiac function were evaluated. Results Approximately one-fourth of the participating individuals had vascular abnormalities. In 17 subjects (12.3% of all subjects) significant luminal narrowing was observed in at least one vascular segment. Luminal narrowing (mild to severe) was observed in 1 (0.7% of all subjects respectively) of the renal arteries, 7 (5.0%) of the carotid arteries, and 3 (2.2%) of the pelvic and upper leg arteries, and in 17 segments (12.3%) of arteries in the lower leg. In cardiac function and perfusion imaging, wall motion disorders were observed in six patients (4.3%), with additional delayed enhancement and isolated delayed enhancement present in two cases. Functional parameters differed from reference values in 55 cases. Conclusions Even in an asymptomatic cohort of middle-aged predominantly male individuals, atherosclerotic disease is not uncommon and is detectable by whole-body MRI. Main Messages In middle-aged predominantly male individuals, atherosclerotic disease is not uncommon. Even in an asymptomatic collective, approximately one fourth had vascular abnormalities. Using whole-body MR angiography (MRA), 99.8% of 2,070 vessel segments could be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laible
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Munich, Grosshadern Campus, Munich, Germany,
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Lettau M, Laible M, Barrows R, Heiland S, Bendszus M, Hähnel S. 3-T contrast-enhanced MR angiography with parallel imaging in cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. J Neuroradiol 2011; 38:275-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lettau M, Laible M. Kallmann-Syndrom mit Hypoplasie der Hypophyse. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011; 183:576-8. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1273336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lettau M, Laible M. 3T-diffusionsgewichtete Aufnahmen mit hohen b-Werten bei hyperakuten Hirnstammischämien. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Lettau M, Laible M. [A cystic tumor simulating hypophyseal necrosis]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011; 183:858-60. [PMID: 21442566 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1273204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lettau M, Laible M. [Colloid cyst in the cavernous sinus]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011; 183:282-4. [PMID: 21274829 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Lettau M, Laible M. [Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010; 182:1013-5. [PMID: 20830653 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Lettau M, Laible M. [Rasmussen encephalitis]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010; 183:71-3. [PMID: 20830652 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Laible M, Lettau M. „Akutes Leriche-Syndrom”. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010; 182:531-3. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Voss M, Janssen O, Lettau M. Identification of SH3 domain interaction partners of FasL using a human SH3 domain phage display library. Cell Commun Signal 2009. [PMCID: PMC4291903 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-s1-a92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Lettau M, Beyer A, Janssen O. The PCH family member CIP4 is released from T cells upon activation-induced cell death. Cell Commun Signal 2009. [PMCID: PMC4291844 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-s1-a81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Pieper J, Lengl-Janßen B, Voss M, Gelhaus C, Leippe M, Janssen O, Lettau M. Identification of interaction partners of the adapter protein Nck in T cells. Cell Commun Signal 2009. [PMCID: PMC4291849 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-s1-a84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Lettau M, Sauer A, Heiland S, Rohde S, Bendszus M, Hähnel S. Carotid artery stents: in vitro comparison of different stent designs and sizes using CT angiography and contrast-enhanced MR angiography at 1.5T and 3T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:1993-7. [PMID: 19749216 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CT angiography (CTA) and MR angiography (MRA) are increasingly used methods for evaluation of stented vessel segments. Our aim was to compare CTA, contrast-enhanced MRA (CE-MRA) at 1.5T, and CE-MRA at 3T for the visualization of carotid artery stents and to define the best noninvasive imaging technique as an alternative to conventional angiography for each stent. MATERIALS AND METHODS CTA and CE-MRA appearances of 18 carotid artery stents of different designs and sizes (4.0 to 10.0 mm) were investigated in vitro. For each stent, artificial lumen narrowing (ALN) was calculated. RESULTS With CE-MRA at 3T and at 1.5T, ALN in most nitinol stents was lower than that in the groups of stainless steel and cobalt alloy stents. In most nitinol stents and in both cobalt alloy stents, ALN was lower on CE-MRA at 3T than at 1.5T. In all stainless steel stents, ALN was lower on CTA than on CE-MRA. With CTA and CE-MRA, in most stents ALN decreased with increasing stent diameter. CONCLUSIONS CTA and CE-MRA evaluation of vessel patency after stent placement is possible but is considerably impaired by ALN. Investigators should be informed about the method of choice for every stent. Stent manufacturers should be aware of potential artifacts caused by their stents during noninvasive diagnostic methods such as CTA and CE-MRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lettau
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lettau M, Ludescher B, Bornemann A. Eine seltene Form der zerebralen Vaskulitis: Amyloid-β-Peptid-assoziierte Angiitis. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009; 182:276-7. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
FasL plays a central role in the induction of apoptosis within the immune system. It mediates activation-induced cell death (AICD) of T lymphocytes and contributes to the cytotoxic effector function of T and NK cells. Moreover, FasL is discussed as direct effector molecule for the establishment of immune privilege and tumour survival. Besides its death-promoting activity, FasL has been implicated in reverse signalling and might thus also play a role in T cell development and selection and the modulation of T cell activation. Considering these diverse functions, the overall FasL expression has to be tightly controlled to avoid unwanted damage. Based on an activation-associated transcriptional control, several post-transcriptional processes ensure a safe storage, a rapid mobilisation, a target-directed activity and a subsequent inactivation. Over the past years, the identification and characterisation of FasL-interacting proteins provided novel insight into the mechanisms of FasL transport, processing and reverse signalling, which might be exemplary also for the other members of the TNF family.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lettau
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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Lettau M, Sartor K, Heiland S, Hähnel S. 3T high-spatial-resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the intracranial venous system with parallel imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 30:185-7. [PMID: 18635619 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic image quality of contrast-enhanced (CE) 3D MR venography (MRV) was prospectively compared with that of 2D time-of-flight (TOF) MRV and contrast-enhanced 3D magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequences for the visualization of the intracranial venous system at 3T in 22 patients. CE MRV provides high-quality images and was shown to be superior to TOF MRV and MPRAGE sequences in visualizing the normal intracranial venous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lettau
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lettau
- Abteilung Neuroradiologie, Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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Lettau M, Halatsch ME, Hähnel S. [Occipital giant encephalocele]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2007; 179:971-2. [PMID: 17577872 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Schulte M, Reiss K, Lettau M, Maretzky T, Ludwig A, Hartmann D, de Strooper B, Janssen O, Saftig P. ADAM10 regulates FasL cell surface expression and modulates FasL-induced cytotoxicity and activation-induced cell death. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:1040-9. [PMID: 17290285 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoptosis-inducing Fas ligand (FasL) is a type II transmembrane protein that is involved in the downregulation of immune reactions by activation-induced cell death (AICD) as well as in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Proteolytic cleavage leads to the generation of membrane-bound N-terminal fragments and a soluble FasL (sFasL) ectodomain. sFasL can be detected in the serum of patients with dysregulated inflammatory diseases and is discussed to affect Fas-FasL-mediated apoptosis. Using pharmacological approaches in 293T cells, in vitro cleavage assays as well as loss and gain of function studies in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we demonstrate that the disintegrin and metalloprotease ADAM10 is critically involved in the shedding of FasL. In primary human T cells, FasL shedding is significantly reduced after inhibition of ADAM10. The resulting elevated FasL surface expression is associated with increased killing capacity and an increase of T cells undergoing AICD. Overall, our findings suggest that ADAM10 represents an important molecular modulator of FasL-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schulte
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrecht-University, Kiel, Germany
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Lettau M, Heiland S, Sartor K, Hähnel S. Hochauflösende Kontrastmittel- (KM-) unterstützte venöse MRA der Hirnvenen bei 3 Tesla im Vergleich zur nativen venösen Time-of-flight-MRA. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-976958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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