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Huang Y, Jonsson NN, McLaughlin M, Burchmore R, Johnson PCD, Jones RO, McGill S, Brady N, Weidt S, Eckersall PD. Quantitative TMT-based proteomics revealing host, dietary and microbial proteins in bovine faeces including barley serpin Z4, a prominent component in the head of beer. J Proteomics 2023; 285:104941. [PMID: 37285906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been little information about the proteome of bovine faeces or about the contribution to the faecal proteome of proteins from the host, the feed or the intestinal microbiome. Here, the bovine faecal proteome and the origin of its component proteins was assessed, while also determining the effect of treating barley, the major carbohydrate in the feed, with either ammonia (ATB) or sodium propionate (PTB) preservative. Healthy continental crossbreed steers were allocated to two groups and fed on either of the barley-based diets. Five faecal samples from each group were collected on Day 81 of the trial and analysed by quantitative proteomics using nLC-ESI-MS/MS after tandem mass tag labelling. In total, 281 bovine proteins, 199 barley proteins, 176 bacterial proteins and 190 archaeal proteins were identified in the faeces. Mucosal pentraxin, albumin and digestive enzymes were among bovine proteins identified. Serpin Z4 a protease inhibitor was the most abundant barley protein identified which is also found in barley-based beer, while numerous microbial proteins were identified, many originating bacteria from Clostridium, while Methanobrevibacter was the dominant archaeal genus. Thirty-nine proteins were differentially abundant between groups, the majority being more abundant in the PTB group compared to the ATB group. SIGNIFICANCE: Proteomic examination of faeces is becoming a valuable means to assess the health of the gastro-intestinal tract in several species, but knowledge on the proteins present in bovine faeces is limited. This investigation aimed to characterise the proteome of bovine faecal extracts in order to evaluate the potential for investigations of the proteome as a means to assess the health, disease and welfare of cattle in the future. The investigation was able to identify proteins in bovine faeces that had been (i) produced by the individual cattle, (ii) present in the barley-based feed eaten by the cattle or (iii) produced by bacteria and other microbes in the rumen or intestines. Bovine proteins identified included mucosal pentraxin, serum albumin and a variety of digestive enzymes. Barley proteins found in the faeces included serpin Z4, a protease inhibitor that is also found in beer having survived the brewing process. Bacterial and archaeal proteins in the faecal extracts were related to several pathways related to the metabolism of carbohydrates. The recognition of the range of proteins that can be identified in bovine faeces raises the possibility that non-invasive sample collection of this material could provide a novel diagnostic approach to cattle health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - N N Jonsson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - M McLaughlin
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - R Burchmore
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - P C D Johnson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - R O Jones
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - S McGill
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - N Brady
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - S Weidt
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation and Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - P D Eckersall
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain.
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Davison J, Maguire S, McLaughlin M, Simms V, Bunting B. Exploring the psychometric properties of the Intellectual Disability versions of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and Kidscreen10, self-reported by adolescents with intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res 2023; 67:415-426. [PMID: 36785874 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no validated self-report measures that can be used to assess health and wellbeing in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID). METHOD The aim of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of two newly adapted self-report health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental wellbeing measures: the Intellectual Disability versions of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (ID-SWEMWBS) and Kidscreen10 (ID-Kidscreen10). For this, we used data from a sample of 427 adolescents (aged 11-19) with ID recruited from special school settings. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate the factor structure of both measures. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability was analysed using intra-class correlation coefficients. The internal consistency measured using Cronbach's alpha was found to be in the range of 0.70-0.78, test-retest reliabilities were expressed using intra-class correlation coefficients that were found to be high for both measures (ID-SWEMWBS, 0.758; ID-Kidscreen10, 0.723), and the CFA supported the unidimensional structure of both measures. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that the ID-SWEMWBS and ID-Kidscreen10 have very good psychometric properties and can be used as self-report measures to assess HRQoL and mental wellbeing in adolescents with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Davison
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - S Maguire
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - M McLaughlin
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - V Simms
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - B Bunting
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Joyeux L, van der Merwe J, Aertsen M, Patel PA, Khatoun A, Mori da Cunha MGMC, De Vleeschauwer S, Parra J, Danzer E, McLaughlin M, Stoyanov D, Vercauteren T, Ourselin S, Radaelli E, de Coppi P, Van Calenbergh F, Deprest J. Neuroprotection is improved by watertightness of fetal spina bifida repair in the sheep model. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023; 61:81-92. [PMID: 35353933 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A contributing factor to unsuccessful prenatal spina bifida aperta (SBA) repair via an open approach may be incomplete neurosurgical repair causing persistent in-utero leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and exposure of the fetal spinal cord to amniotic fluid. We aimed to investigate the neurostructural and neurofunctional efficacy of watertight prenatal SBA repair in a validated SBA fetal lamb model. METHODS A well-powered superiority study was conducted in the validated SBA fetal lamb model (n = 7 per group). The outcomes of lambs which underwent watertight or non-watertight multilayer repair through an open approach were compared to those of unrepaired SBA lambs (historical controls) at delivery (term = 145 days). At ∼75 days, fetal lambs underwent standardized induction of lumbar SBA. At ∼100 days, they were assigned to an either watertight or non-watertight layered repair group based on an intraoperative watertightness test using subcutaneous fluorescein injection. At 1-2 days postnatally, as primary outcome, we assessed reversal of hindbrain herniation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Secondary proxies of neuroprotection were: absence of CSF leakage at the repair site; hindlimb motor function based on joint-movement score, locomotor grade and Motor Evoked Potential (MEP); four-score neuroprotection scale, encompassing live birth, complete hindbrain herniation reversal, absence of CSF leakage and joint-movement score ≥ 9/15; and brain and spinal cord histology and immunohistochemistry. As the watertightness test cannot be used clinically due to its invasiveness, we developed a potential surrogate intraoperative three-score skin-repair-quality scale based on visual assessment of the quality of the skin repair (suture inter-run distance ≤ 3 mm, absence of tear and absence of ischemia), with high quality defined by a score ≥ 2/3 and low quality by a score < 2/3, and assessed its relationship with improved outcome. RESULTS Compared with unrepaired lambs, lambs with watertight repair achieved a high level of neuroprotection (neuroprotection score of 4/4 in 5/7 vs 0/7 lambs) as evidenced by: a significant 100% (vs 14%) reversal of hindbrain herniation on MRI; low CSF leakage (14% vs 100%); better hindlimb motor function, with higher joint-movement score, locomotor grade and MEP area under the curve and peak-to-peak amplitude; higher neuronal density in the hippocampus and corpus callosum; and higher reactive astrogliosis at the SBA lesion epicenter. Conversely, lambs with non-watertight SBA repair did not achieve the same level of neuroprotection (score of 4/4 in 1/7 lambs) compared with unrepaired lambs, with: a non-significant 86% (vs 14%) reversal of hindbrain herniation; high CSF leakage (43% vs 100%); no improvement in motor function; low brain neuron count in both the hippocampus and corpus callosum; and small spinal astroglial cell area at the epicenter. Both watertight layered repair and high (≥ 2/3) intraoperative skin-repair-quality score were associated with improved outcome, but the watertightness test and skin-repair-quality scale could not be used interchangeably due to result discrepancies. CONCLUSIONS Watertight layered fetal SBA repair is neuroprotective since it improves brain and spinal-cord structure and function in the fetal lamb model. This translational research has important clinical implications. A neurosurgical technique that achieves watertightness should be adopted in all fetal centers to improve neuroprotection. Future clinical studies could assess whether a high skin-repair-quality score (≥ 2/3) correlates with neuroprotection. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Joyeux
- My FetUZ Fetal Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Surgical Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Woman and Child, Fetal Medicine Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J van der Merwe
- My FetUZ Fetal Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Surgical Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Woman and Child, Fetal Medicine Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Aertsen
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P A Patel
- Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Khatoun
- Exp ORL, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M G M C Mori da Cunha
- My FetUZ Fetal Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S De Vleeschauwer
- Animal Research Center, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Parra
- My FetUZ Fetal Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- BCNatal, Fetal Medicine Research Center, Hospital Clinic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Danzer
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M McLaughlin
- Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Stoyanov
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - T Vercauteren
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, Ryan Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P de Coppi
- My FetUZ Fetal Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Surgical Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Woman and Child, Fetal Medicine Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Specialist Neonatal and Pediatric Surgery Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, University College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - F Van Calenbergh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Deprest
- My FetUZ Fetal Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Surgical Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Woman and Child, Fetal Medicine Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Women's Health, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
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Westmacott A, Sanal-Hayes NEM, McLaughlin M, Mair JL, Hayes LD. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in Hypoxia Improves Maximal Aerobic Capacity More Than HIIT in Normoxia: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14261. [PMID: 36361141 PMCID: PMC9658399 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) in hypoxia on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) compared with HIIT in normoxia with a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA)-accordant meta-analysis and meta-regression. Studies which measured VO2max following a minimum of 2 weeks intervention featuring HIIT in hypoxia versus HIIT in normoxia were included. From 119 originally identified titles, nine studies were included (n = 194 participants). Meta-analysis was conducted on change in (∆) VO2max using standardised mean difference (SMD) and a random effects model. Meta-regression examined the relationship between the extent of environmental hypoxia (fractional inspired oxygen [FiO2]) and ∆VO2max and intervention duration and ∆VO2max. The overall SMD for ∆VO2max following HIIT in hypoxia was 1.14 (95% CI = 0.56-1.72; p < 0.001). Meta-regressions identified no significant relationship between FiO2 (coefficient estimate = 0.074, p = 0.852) or intervention duration (coefficient estimate = 0.071, p = 0.423) and ∆VO2max. In conclusion, HIIT in hypoxia improved VO2max compared to HIIT in normoxia. Neither extent of hypoxia, nor training duration modified this effect, however the range in FiO2 was small, which limits interpretation of this meta-regression. Moreover, training duration is not the only training variable known to influence ∆VO2max, and does not appropriately capture total training stress or load. This meta-analysis provides pooled evidence that HIIT in hypoxia may be more efficacious at improving VO2max than HIIT in normoxia. The application of these data suggest adding a hypoxic stimuli to a period of HIIT may be more effective at improving VO2max than HIIT alone. Therefore, coaches and athletes with access to altitude (either natural or simulated) should consider implementing HIIT in hypoxia, rather than HIIT in normoxia where possible, assuming no negative side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa Westmacott
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow G72 0LH, UK
| | - Nilihan E. M. Sanal-Hayes
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow G72 0LH, UK
| | - Marie McLaughlin
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow G72 0LH, UK
| | - Jacqueline L. Mair
- Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Centre, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Lawrence D. Hayes
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow G72 0LH, UK
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Shah M, Sang E, Afeworki A, McLaughlin M, Finette B, Kwamboka L, Ogaro D. mHealth platform improved health worker's compliance to WHO’s IMNCI guideline in Nairobi, Kenya. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Poor access to quality health services, especially in urban slums, is a global challenge. Given similar challenges in Nairobi's Kibra informal settlement area, we collaborated with the Langata/Kibra sub-county health management team to conduct a pilot program for improving the quality of child health services delivered by health care providers (HCPs). The pilot introduced a digital mHealth platform to HCPs working in Kibra informal settlement area in Nairobi. This mHealth platform was compliant to WHO's recommended guideline for integrated management of newborn and child illnesses (IMNCI) and was designed to help sick child assessment, diagnosis and management by HCPs. We aimed to determine if using this digital platform, coupled with supportive supervision and community outreach, would lead to improve compliance to the IMNCI guideline for assessment, diagnosis and treatment of sick children. We conducted baseline (February 2019) assessment, trained selected HCPs on the mHealth platform on handheld android tablets, conducted end line (March 2020) and measured any change in HCP's compliance to IMNCI guidelines. Total 89 HCPs were the mHealth platform users during end line assessment. When asked about the choice of antibiotic for treating childhood pneumonia, we found proportion of HCPs who preferred Amoxycillin dispersible tablet, the recommended treatment for childhood pneumonia, increased from 3% at baseline to 38% at end line. Proportion of HCPs who were aware that antibiotics should NOT be used for the management of simple diarrhea increased from 14% (at baseline) to 50% (at end line). At end line, more than 90% HCPs were found compliant in their practice to IMNCI guidelines for sick child assessment, diagnosis and management. These results demonstrate the use of the IMNCI compliant mHealth platforms as a potential important effective way to improve capacity and compliance among HCPs who are serving communities like Kibra informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya.
Key messages
• WHO recommended IMNCI compliant mHealth platform enables health care providers to offer quality child health care.
• Using mHealth platform to ensure WHO’s IMNCI guideline implementation by health care providers might have potential impact on saving sick children’s lives from preventable deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shah
- Global Health, Save the Children US , Washington DC, USA
| | - E Sang
- Health and Nutrition, Save the Children International , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - A Afeworki
- Health and Nutrition, Save the Children International , Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - L Kwamboka
- Langata Sub-county Health Management Team, Ministry of Health , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - D Ogaro
- Langata Sub-county Health Management Team, Ministry of Health , Nairobi, Kenya
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6
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McLaughlin M, Caine-Bish N. Perceived Barriers of Nutrition Focused Physical Exam by Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Through Qualitative Responses. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Davison J, Maguire S, McLaughlin M, Simms V. Involving adolescents with intellectual disability in the adaptation of self-reported subjective well-being measures: participatory research and methodological considerations. J Intellect Disabil Res 2022; 66:628-641. [PMID: 35521793 PMCID: PMC9321088 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of subjective well-being is challenging with samples of adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) given the cognitive and linguistic difficulties they face in comprehending standardised measures, and as such is primarily based on proxy reports. The lack of appropriate tools needs to be addressed so that adolescents with ID can self-report on their own well-being. The current study reports on the use of participatory research methods to adapt and modify two standardised self-report measures of subjective well-being suitable for completion by adolescents with ID. METHOD Two special schools were recruited for this study. At each school, staff (n = 15) and pupils aged 11-17 years (n = 35) participated. A series of co-design workshops were conducted to adapt two standardised subjective well-being measures: Kidscreen-10 and short-form Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale. RESULTS Specific aspects for measure adaption were identified: simplifying the item wording and phrasing; inclusion of pictorial communication symbols and visual prompts to represent the meaning of items; changing of tense of questions from past to present; asking questions rather than statements; reducing 5-point Likert scales to 3-point or dichotomous; presenting one item at a time during administration; and developing alternate formats of the survey to ensure inclusivity. CONCLUSIONS This paper illustrates the value of using participatory research methods when working alongside adolescents with ID and offers methodological, as well as practical, guidance in the context of adapting subjective self-report measures for this target group, serving as a guide to fellow researchers and clinicians interested in modifying or developing self-report measures for adolescents with ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Davison
- Psychology Research InstituteUlster UniversityColeraineUK
| | - S. Maguire
- Psychology Research InstituteUlster UniversityColeraineUK
| | - M. McLaughlin
- Psychology Research InstituteUlster UniversityColeraineUK
| | - V. Simms
- Psychology Research InstituteUlster UniversityColeraineUK
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Melake MJ, Smith HG, Mansfield D, Davies E, Dillon MT, Wilkins AC, Patin EC, Pedersen M, Buus R, Melcher AA, Thway K, Miah AB, Zaidi SH, Hayes AJ, Fenton TR, Harrington KJ, McLaughlin M. OX40 and 4-1BB delineate distinct immune profiles in sarcoma. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2066050. [PMID: 35558159 PMCID: PMC9090286 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2066050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic relapse after radiotherapy and surgery is the major cause of disease-related mortality in sarcoma patients. Combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy is under investigation as a means to improve response rates. However, the immune contexture of sarcoma is understudied. Here, we use a retrospective cohort of sarcoma patients, treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy, and TCGA data. We explore therapeutic targets of relevance to sarcoma, using genomics and multispectral immunohistochemistry to provide insights into the tumor immune microenvironment across sarcoma subtypes. Differential gene expression between radioresponsive myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS) and more radioresistant undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) indicated UPS contained higher transcript levels of a number of immunotherapy targets (CD73/NT5E, CD39/ENTPD1, CD25/IL2RA, and 4-1BB/TNFRSF9). We focused on 4-1BB/TNFRSF9 and other costimulatory molecules. In TCGA data, 4-1BB correlated to an inflamed and exhausted phenotype. OX40/TNFRSF4 and 4-1BB/TNFRSF9 were highly expressed in sarcoma subtypes versus other cancers. Despite OX40 and 4-1BB being described as Treg markers, we identified that they delineate distinct tumor immune profiles. This was true for sarcoma and other cancers. While only a limited number of samples could be analyzed, spatial analysis of OX40 expression identified two diverse phenotypes of OX40+ Tregs, one associated with and one independent of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). Patient stratification is of intense interest for immunotherapies. We provide data supporting the viewpoint that a cohort of sarcoma patients, appropriately selected, are promising candidates for immunotherapies. Spatial profiling of OX40+ Tregs, in relation to TLSs, could be an additional metric to improve future patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- MJ Melake
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - HG Smith
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Mansfield
- Translational Immunotherapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - E Davies
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - MT Dillon
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - EC Patin
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Pedersen
- Translational Immunotherapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Buus
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - AA Melcher
- Translational Immunotherapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - K Thway
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - AB Miah
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - SH Zaidi
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - AJ Hayes
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - TR Fenton
- University of Southampton, Somers Cancer Research Building MP824, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - KJ Harrington
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - M McLaughlin
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Simpson EEA, Davison J, Doherty J, Dunwoody L, McDowell C, McLaughlin M, Butter S, Giles M. Employing the theory of planned behaviour to design an e-cigarette education resource for use in secondary schools. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:276. [PMID: 35144592 PMCID: PMC8832682 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An extended version of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was used to inform the design of a framework for an educational resource around e-cigarette use in young people. Methods A sequential exploratory design was employed. In Phase 1, elicited behavioural, normative and control beliefs, via 7 focus groups with 51 participants, aged 11–16 years, identified salient beliefs around e-cigarette use. These were used to construct a questionnaire administered to 1511 young people aged 11–16 years, which determined predictors of e-cigarette use and ever use. In Phase 2, sociodemographic variables, e-cigarette knowledge, access, use, marketing and purchasing of e-cigarettes and smoking behaviour were also gathered. The composite findings from Phase 1 and 2 informed the design of a post primary educational resource in Phase 3 around e-cigarette use. Results Current e-cigarette use was 4%, with almost 23% reporting ever use, suggesting current use is stable but experimentation may be increasing in this cohort. Sociodemographic variables, knowledge of e-cigarettes, smoking behaviour and TPB variables (direct and indirect measures of attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control) accounted for 17% of the variance in current e-cigarette use, with higher intentions to use e-cigarettes within the next month, having the strongest impact on use (p < 0.001), followed by self-efficacy (p = 0.016). Sociodemographic and TPB variables accounted for 65% of the variance in intentions to use e-cigarettes in the next month; current e-cigarette use (p < 0.001), more positive attitudes (p < 0.001), stronger social influence (p < 0.001), higher self-efficacy (p < 0.001), higher control beliefs (p < 0.001) and greater motivation to use e-cigarettes (p < 0.001) were the main predictors of intentions. Phases 1 and 2 informed the mapping of key predictors of intentions and use of e-cigarettes onto the Theoretical Domains Framework, which identified appropriate intervention functions and behaviour change techniques. Conclusions This paper is the first to bridge the theoretical-practice gap in an area of significant public health importance through the development of a framework for a novel theory driven school-based educational resource aimed at reducing experimentation and uptake of e-cigarette use in young people. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12674-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E A Simpson
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - J Davison
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - J Doherty
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - L Dunwoody
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - C McDowell
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - M McLaughlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - S Butter
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - M Giles
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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10
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McLaughlin M. SP-0133 Radiation-induced remodelling of the inflammatory microenvironment by tumour cells. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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McLaughlin M, Kapur P, Pedrosa I, Ahn C, Robles L, Garant A, Brugarolas J, Woldu S, Bagrodia A, Choy H, Gahan J, Margulis V, Timmerman R, Cadeddu J, Hannan R. A Phase II Trial of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Patients with Primary Renal Cell Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Dillon M, McLaughlin M, Patin E, Malin P, Ragulan C, Elisa F, Wilkins A, Melcher A, Harrington K. PD-0062: Clinical modulation of tumour immune infiltrates and plasma cytokines by ATR inhibition ± radiation. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Maidarti M, Clarkson YL, McLaughlin M, Anderson RA, Telfer EE. Inhibition of PTEN activates bovine non-growing follicles in vitro but increases DNA damage and reduces DNA repair response. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:297-307. [PMID: 30521029 PMCID: PMC6343469 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does ovarian follicle activation by phosphatase homologue of chromosome-10 (PTEN) inhibition affect DNA damage and repair in bovine oocytes and granulosa cells? SUMMARY ANSWER PTEN inhibition promotes bovine non-growing follicle activation but results in increased DNA damage and impaired DNA repair capacity in ovarian follicles in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Inhibition of PTEN is known to activate primordial follicles but may compromise further developmental potential. In breast cancer cells, PTEN inhibition represses nuclear translocation of breast cancer susceptibility 1 (BRCA1) and Rad51; this impairs DNA repair resulting in an accumulation of damaged DNA, which contributes to cell senescence. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Bovine ovarian tissue fragments were exposed to control medium alone or containing either 1 or 10 μM bpv(HOpic), a pharmacological inhibitor of PTEN, in vitro for 24 h. A sub-group of tissue fragments were collected for Western blot analysis after bpv(HOpic) exposure. The remainder were incubated in control medium for a further 5 days and then analysed histologically and by immunohistochemistry to detect DNA damage and repair pathways. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Bovine ovaries were obtained from abattoir-slaughtered heifers. Tissue fragments were exposed to either control medium alone or medium containing either 1 μM or 10 μM bpv(HOpic) for 24 h. Tissue fragments collected after 24 h were subjected to Akt quantification by Western blotting (six to nine fragments per group per experiment). Follicle stage and morphology were classified in remaining fragments. Immunohistochemical analysis included nuclear exclusion of FOXO3 as a marker of follicle activation, γH2AX as a marker of DNA damage, meiotic recombination 11 (MRE11), ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), Rad51, breast cancer susceptibility 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer susceptibility 2 (BRCA2) as DNA repair factors. A total of 29 550 follicles from three independent experiments were analysed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Tissue fragments exposed to bpv(HOpic) had increased Akt phosphorylation at serine 473 (pAkt/Akt ratio, 2.25- and 6.23-fold higher in 1 and 10 μM bpv(HOpic) respectively compared to control, P < 0.05). These tissue fragments contained a significantly higher proportion of growing follicles compared to control (78.6% in 1 μM and 88.7% in 10 μM versus 70.5% in control; P < 0.001). The proportion of morphologically healthy follicles did not differ significantly between 1 μM bpv(HOpic) and control (P < 0.001) but follicle health was lower in 10 μM compared to 1 μM and control in all follicle types (P < 0.05). DNA damage in oocytes, indicated by expression of γH2AX, increased following exposure to 1 μM bpv(HOpic) (non-growing, 83%; primary follicles, 76%) and 10 μM (non-growing, 77%; primary, 84%) compared to control (non-growing, 30% and primary, 59%) (P < 0.05 for all groups). A significant reduction in expression of DNA repair proteins MRE11, ATM and Rad51 was observed in oocytes of non-growing and primary follicles of treatment groups (primary follicles in controls versus 10 μM bpv(HOpic): MRE, 68% versus 47%; ATM, 47% versus 18%; Rad51, 48% versus 24%), P < 0.05 for all groups. Higher dose bpv(HOpic) also resulted in lower expression of BRCA1 compared to control and 1 μM bpv(HOpic) (P < 0.001) in non-growing and primary follicles. BRCA2 expression was increased in oocytes of primary follicles in 1 μM bpv(HOpic) (36%) compared to control (20%, P = 0.010) with a marked decrease in 10 μM (1%, P ≤ 0.001). Granulosa cells of primary and secondary follicles in bpv(HOpic) groups showed more DNA damage compared to control (P < 0.05). However, bpv(HOpic) did not impact granulosa cell DNA repair capacity in secondary follicles, but BRCA1 declined significantly in higher dose bpv(HOpic). LARGE-SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study focuses on non-growing follicle activation after 6 days culture and may not reflect DNA damage and repair capacity in later stages of oocyte and follicle growth. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS In vitro activation of follicle growth may compromise the bidirectional signalling between oocyte and granulosa cells necessary for optimal oocyte and follicle health. This large animal model may be useful in optimising follicle activation protocols with a view to transfer for clinical application. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by Indonesia endowment fund for education. No competing interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Maidarti
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institute of Cell Biology and Genes and Development Group, CDBS Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yvonne L Clarkson
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genes and Development Group, CDBS Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie McLaughlin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genes and Development Group, CDBS Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evelyn E Telfer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genes and Development Group, CDBS Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Signal V, Jackson C, Signal L, Hardie C, Holst K, McLaughlin M, Steele C, Sarfati D. Improving management of comorbidity in patients with colorectal cancer using comprehensive medical assessment: a pilot study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:50. [PMID: 31959129 PMCID: PMC6971855 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for and active management of comorbidity soon after cancer diagnosis shows promise in altering cancer treatment and outcomes for comorbid patients. Prior to a large multi-centre study, piloting of the intervention (comprehensive medical assessment) was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of the comorbidity screening tools and proposed outcome measures, and the feasibility, acceptability and potential effect of the intervention. METHODS In this pilot intervention study, 72 patients of all ages (36 observation/36 intervention) with newly diagnosed or recently relapsed colorectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled and underwent comorbidity screening and risk stratification. Intervention patients meeting pre-specified comorbidity criteria were referred for intervention, a comprehensive medical assessment carried out by geriatricians. Each intervention was individually tailored but included assessment and management of comorbidity, polypharmacy, mental health particularly depression, functional status and psychosocial issues. Recruitment and referral to intervention were tracked, verbal and written feedback were gathered from staff, and semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 13 patients to assess screening tool and intervention feasibility and acceptability. Interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically. Patients were followed for 6-12 months after recruitment to assess feasibility of proposed outcome measures (chemotherapy uptake and completion rates, grade 3-5 treatment toxicity, attendance at hospital emergency clinic, and unplanned hospitalisations) and descriptive data on outcomes collated. RESULTS Of the 29 intervention patients eligible for the intervention, 21 received it with feedback indicating that the intervention was acceptable. Those in the intervention group were less likely to be on 3+ medications, to have been admitted to hospital in previous 12 months, or to have limitations in daily activities. Collection of data to measure proposed outcomes was feasible with 55% (6/11) of intervention patients completing chemotherapy as planned compared to none (of 14) of the control group. No differences were seen in other outcome measures. Overall the study was feasible with modification, but the intervention was difficult to integrate into clinical pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study generated valuable results that will be used to guide modification of the study and its approaches prior to progressing to a larger-scale study. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospective, 26 August 2019, ACTRN12619001192178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Signal
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, South, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.
| | - Christopher Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin: Southern Blood and Cancer Service, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Louise Signal
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, South, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Claire Hardie
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences at Palmerston North, University of Otago, Wellington: Cancer Screening Treatment and Support, MidCentral District Health Board, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kirsten Holst
- Elder Health, MidCentral District Health Board, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marie McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin: Older Persons Health, Southern District Health Board, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Courtney Steele
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, South, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Diana Sarfati
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, South, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
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Abstract
The limitation in the supply of mature, fertilisable oocytes constitutes a major impediment to increasing the success of assisted reproduction, stem cell derivation and cloning in domestic species. Techniques are being developed to grow immature oocytes invitro that have the potential to increase the supply of oocytes. Mouse oocytes can be cultured from initial stages of development to maturity, and live young have been produced, but for domestic species, such as cows, with long growth periods, invitro systems that allow complete growth of oocytes contained within primordial follicles to maturity is technically challenging and has not yet been achieved. For cows, several culture systems have been developed that support specific developmental stages, but a multistep culture system will be required for complete growth invitro. This review highlights the steps that will be required to achieve the goal of growing oocytes invitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn E Telfer
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; and Institute of Cell Biology, Genes and Development Group, The University of Edinburgh, The Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; and Corresponding author.
| | - Kenichiro Sakaguchi
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; and Institute of Cell Biology, Genes and Development Group, The University of Edinburgh, The Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; and Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yvonne L Clarkson
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; and Institute of Cell Biology, Genes and Development Group, The University of Edinburgh, The Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Marie McLaughlin
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK; and Institute of Cell Biology, Genes and Development Group, The University of Edinburgh, The Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
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16
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McLaughlin M, Christie A, Campbell A. Case Report of Exercise to Attenuate Side Effects of Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer. Case Rep Oncol 2019; 12:845-854. [PMID: 31762759 PMCID: PMC6873030 DOI: 10.1159/000503815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatments for pancreatic cancer can have debilitating side effects including fatigue, weight loss, and cardiac toxicity, resulting in functional loss and psychological distress. Exercise has been proposed as a therapy to counteract physical and psychological detriments. The case: A 47-year-old male undergoing chemotherapy for stage 3 locally advanced pancreatic cancer. He was cycling during hospital chemotherapy infusions (6 fortnightly cycles of FOLFIRINOX: 5-FU 2, 400 mg/m2, over 48 h: irinotecan 180 mg/m2, oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, no 5-FU bolus) plus 12 weeks of twice weekly aerobic and resistance exercise. Over 12 weeks, body composition was maintained, and physical function improved, with specific increases in muscular strength of up to 50% and aerobic capacity improving by 9%. Moreover, quality of life, fatigue, psychological distress, and sleep quality improved by 38, 113, 50, and 9%, respectively. Additionally, the participant experienced more severe side effects in week 6, when he did not cycle to a high intensity during hospital infusion and had less total weekly exercise. After cycle 6 (week 11), chemotherapy was halted, and a Whipple resection procedure was successfully performed. It can be concluded that regular aerobic and resistance exercise plus exercise during infusion can attenuate expected decline in physical and mental health with pancreatic cancer treatment and may reduce treatment side effects and have favourable effects on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Christie
- Edinburgh Cancer Centre, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Campbell
- Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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17
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Hough D, Robinson JE, Bellingham M, Fleming LM, McLaughlin M, Jama K, Haraldsen IRH, Solbakk AK, Evans NP. Peripubertal GnRH and testosterone co-treatment leads to increased familiarity preferences in male sheep. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 108:70-77. [PMID: 31229635 PMCID: PMC6712355 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment is effective for the medical suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in situations like central precocious puberty and gender dysphoria. However, its administration during the peripubertal period could influence normal brain development and function because GnRH receptors are expressed in brain regions that regulate emotions, cognition, motivation and memory. This study used an ovine model to determine whether chronic peripubertal GnRHa-treatment affected the developmental shift from preference of familiarity to novelty. Experimental groups included Controls and GnRHa-treated rams. To differentiate between effects of altered GnRH signaling and those associated with the loss of sex steroids, a group was also included that received testosterone replacement as well as GnRHa (GnRHa + T). Preference for a novel versus familiar object was assessed during 5-min social isolation at 8, 28 and 46 weeks of age. Approach behavior was measured as interactions with and time spent near the objects, whereas avoidance behavior was measured by time spent in the entrance zone and attempts to escape the arena via the entry point. Emotional reactivity was measured by the number of vocalizations, escape attempts and urinations. As Control and GnRHa-treated rams aged, their approach behaviors showed a shift from preference for familiarity (8 weeks) to novelty (46 weeks). In contrast, relative to the Controls the GnRHa + T rams exhibited more approach behaviors towards both objects, at 28 and 46 weeks of age and preferred familiarity at 46 weeks of age. Vocalisation rate was increased in GnRHa treated rams in late puberty (28 weeks) compared to both Control and GnRHa + T rams but this effect was not seen in young adulthood (46 weeks). These results suggest that the specific suppression of testosterone during a developmental window in late puberty may reduce emotional reactivity and hamper learning a flexible adjustment to environmental change. The results also suggest that disruption of either endogenous testosterone signalling or a synergistic action between GnRH and testosterone signalling, may delay maturation of cognitive processes (e.g. information processing) that affects the motivation of rams to approach and avoid objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hough
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - JE Robinson
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - M Bellingham
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - LM Fleming
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - M McLaughlin
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - K Jama
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - IRH Haraldsen
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Division of Surgery and Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital – Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - AK Solbakk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Surgery and Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital – Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Pb 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway,Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, 8607 Mosjøen, Norway
| | - NP Evans
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK,Corresponding author.
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Clarkson YL, Weatherall E, Waterfall M, McLaughlin M, Lu H, Skehel PA, Anderson RA, Telfer EE. Extracellular Localisation of the C-Terminus of DDX4 Confirmed by Immunocytochemistry and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060578. [PMID: 31212843 PMCID: PMC6627596 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Putative oogonial stem cells (OSCs) have been isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) from adult human ovarian tissue using an antibody against DEAD-box helicase 4 (DDX4). DDX4 has been reported to be germ cell specific within the gonads and localised intracellularly. White et al. (2012) hypothesised that the C-terminus of DDX4 is localised on the surface of putative OSCs but is internalised during the process of oogenesis. This hypothesis is controversial since it is assumed that RNA helicases function intracellularly with no extracellular expression. To determine whether the C-terminus of DDX4 could be expressed on the cell surface, we generated a novel expression construct to express full-length DDX4 as a DsRed2 fusion protein with unique C- and N-terminal epitope tags. DDX4 and the C-terminal myc tag were detected at the cell surface by immunocytochemistry and FACS of non-permeabilised human embryonic kidney HEK 293T cells transfected with the DDX4 construct. DDX4 mRNA expression was detected in the DDX4-positive sorted cells by RT-PCR. This study clearly demonstrates that the C-terminus of DDX4 can be expressed on the cell surface despite its lack of a conventional membrane-targeting or secretory sequence. These results validate the use of antibody-based FACS to isolate DDX4-positive putative OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Clarkson
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
- Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.
| | - Emma Weatherall
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
- Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.
| | - Martin Waterfall
- Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.
| | - Marie McLaughlin
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
- Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.
| | - Haojiang Lu
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
- Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.
| | - Paul A Skehel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Evelyn E Telfer
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.
- Ashworth Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK.
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Mamsen LS, Charkiewicz K, Anderson RA, Telfer EE, McLaughlin M, Kelsey TW, Kristensen SG, Gook DA, Ernst E, Andersen CY. Characterization of follicles in girls and young women with Turner syndrome who underwent ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Fertil Steril 2019; 111:1217-1225.e3. [PMID: 30922638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize ovarian follicles of girls and young women with Turner syndrome (TS) who underwent ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC). DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Fifteen girls and young women with TS aged 5-22 years at OTC were included, together with 42 control girls and young women aged 1-25 years who underwent OTC because of cancer. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Follicle density (follicles/mm3), morphology, and health were assessed in ovarian cortex biopsies from TS patients and compared with controls. Hormone concentrations were measured in serum and follicle fluids. Immature cumulus oocyte complexes were obtained and matured in vitro. RESULT(S) Follicles were found in 60% of the biopsies (9 of 15) from TS ovaries. In 78% of the ovaries (7 of 9) with follicles, the follicle density was within the 95% confidence interval of the control group. There was a high rate of abnormal follicle morphology. Six follicle-specific proteins were expressed similarly in TS and control ovaries. However, apoptosis and zona pellucida protein expression were found to be abnormal in TS. Turner syndrome follicle fluid from small antral follicles had lower concentrations of estrogen and testosterone and higher concentrations of antimüllerian hormone than controls. Thirty-one cumulus oocyte complexes were collected from one patient and cultured for 48 hours in vitro, resulting in five metaphase II oocytes (maturation rate 16%, degeneration rate 19%). CONCLUSION(S) The benefits of OTC may be limited to a highly selected group of TS mosaic patients in whom a sizeable pool of normal follicles is present at OTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Salto Mamsen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Karol Charkiewicz
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Perinatology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Richard A Anderson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Evelyn E Telfer
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Genes and Development Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marie McLaughlin
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences and Genes and Development Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W Kelsey
- University of St. Andrews, School of Computer Science, North Haugh, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Stine G Kristensen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Debra A Gook
- Reproductive Services and Melbourne IVF, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erik Ernst
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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McLaughlin M, Albertini DF, Wallace WHB, Anderson RA, Telfer EE. Metaphase II oocytes from human unilaminar follicles grown in a multi-step culture system. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:135-142. [PMID: 29390119 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can complete oocyte development be achieved from human ovarian tissue containing primordial/unilaminar follicles and grown in vitro in a multi-step culture to meiotic maturation demonstrated by the formation of polar bodies and a Metaphase II spindle? SUMMARY ANSWER Development of human oocytes from primordial/unilaminar stages to resumption of meiosis (Metaphase II) and emission of a polar body was achieved within a serum free multi-step culture system. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Complete development of oocytes in vitro has been achieved in mouse, where in vitro grown (IVG) oocytes from primordial follicles have resulted in the production of live offspring. Human oocytes have been grown in vitro from the secondary/multi-laminar stage to obtain fully grown oocytes capable of meiotic maturation. However, there are no reports of a culture system supporting complete growth from the earliest stages of human follicle development through to Metaphase II. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Ovarian cortical biopsies were obtained with informed consent from women undergoing elective caesarean section (mean age: 30.7 ± 1.7; range: 25-39 years, n = 10). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Laboratory setting. Ovarian biopsies were dissected into thin strips, and after removal of growing follicles were cultured in serum free medium for 8 days (Step 1). At the end of this period secondary/multi-laminar follicles were dissected from the strips and intact follicles 100-150 μm in diameter were selected for further culture. Isolated follicles were cultured individually in serum free medium in the presence of 100 ng/ml of human recombinant Activin A (Step 2). Individual follicles were monitored and after 8 days, cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were retrieved by gentle pressure on the cultured follicles. Complexes with complete cumulus and adherent mural granulosa cells were selected and cultured in the presence of Activin A and FSH on membranes for a further 4 days (Step 3). At the end of Step 3, complexes containing oocytes >100 μm diameter were selected for IVM in SAGE medium (Step 4) then fixed for analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Pieces of human ovarian cortex cultured in serum free medium for 8 days (Step 1) supported early follicle growth and 87 secondary follicles of diameter 120 ± 6 μm (mean ± SEM) could be dissected for further culture. After a further 8 days, 54 of the 87 follicles had reached the antral stage of development. COCs were retrieved by gentle pressure from the cultured follicles and those with adherent mural granulosa cells (n = 48) were selected and cultured for a further 4 days (Step 3). At the end of Step 3, 32 complexes contained oocytes >100 μm diameter were selected for IVM (Step 4). Nine of these complexes contained polar bodies within 24 h and all polar bodies were abnormally large. Confocal immuno-histochemical analysis showed the presence of a Metaphase II spindle confirming that these IVG oocytes had resumed meiosis but their developmental potential is unknown. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This is a small number of samples but provides proof of concept that complete development of human oocytes can occur in vitro. Further optimization with morphological evaluation and fertilization potential of IVG oocytes is required to determine whether they are normal. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The ability to develop human oocytes from the earliest follicular stages in vitro through to maturation and fertilization would benefit fertility preservation practice. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funded by MRC Grants (G0901839 and MR/L00299X/1). No competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McLaughlin
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - D F Albertini
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - W H B Wallace
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh EH9 1LF, UK
| | - R A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - E E Telfer
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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Wadley V, Crowe M, McLaughlin M, Steward K, Bull T, Geldmacher D, Marson D, Kennedy R. USEFUL FIELD OF VIEW SCORE PREDICTS PERFORMANCE OF INSTRUMENTAL ACTIVITIES AND FINANCIAL CAPACITY IN MCI. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Wadley
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics & Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - M Crowe
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - M McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - T Bull
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - D Geldmacher
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - D Marson
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - R Kennedy
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics & Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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22
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Dillon M, Bergerhoff K, Pedersen M, Whittock H, Patin E, Smith H, Paget J, Patel R, Bozhanova G, Foo S, Campbell J, Ragulan C, Fontana E, Wilkins A, Sadanandam A, Melcher A, McLaughlin M, Harrington K. ATR inhibition with radiation creates an inflammatory tumour microenvironment. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy303.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Wyse CA, Zhang X, McLaughlin M, Biello SM, Hough D, Bellingham M, Curtis AM, Robinson JE, Evans NP. Circadian rhythms of melatonin and behaviour in juvenile sheep in field conditions: Effects of photoperiod, environment and weaning. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:362-370. [PMID: 29894760 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Entrainment of circadian rhythms (CR) to the light dark cycle has been well described under controlled, experimental conditions. However, studies in rodents have reported that rhythms in the laboratory are not always reproduced under field conditions. The aim of this study was to characterise the CR of sheep maintained under conditions of standard UK farm animal husbandry and to investigate the effects of environmental challenges presented by season, weaning and changes in housing on CR. Male sheep (n = 9) were kept at pasture, or group housed in barns, under natural photoperiod for one year. CR in locomotor activity were monitored using accelerometry, and 24 h patterns in plasma cortisol and melatonin were measured every 4 h by ELISA. CR was measured before and after weaning, in summer and winter, and at pasture and by barn housing. Cosinor analysis revealed high amplitude, diurnal rhythms in locomotor activity that were disrupted by weaning and by barn housing. Rhythms in winter showed an interrupted night time activity pattern, but only when the sheep were kept at pasture. Cortisol and melatonin secretion followed typical circadian patterns in winter and summer. The CR of the sheep under the field conditions of this study were strikingly robust under basal conditions, but easily disrupted by environmental challenges. Interrupted patterns of activity during the long nights of wintertime, not previously reported for sheep kept in experimental conditions were recorded. Based on these findings, we propose that animals require exposure to more complex environments than the laboratory in order to exhibit their true circadian phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Wyse
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in, Ireland, 123, St Stephens Green, Dublin.
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - M McLaughlin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - S M Biello
- School of Psychology, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow G12 8QB, United Kingdom
| | - D Hough
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - M Bellingham
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - A M Curtis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in, Ireland, 123, St Stephens Green, Dublin
| | - J E Robinson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - N P Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom
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Smith H, Paget J, Roulstone V, Mansfield D, Kyula-Currie J, McLaughlin M, Melcher A, Harrington K, Hayes A. PO-360 Vaccinia virus delivered by isolated limb perfusion combines with PD-1 blockade to prevent local and distant relapse in soft-tissue sarcoma. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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25
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McLaughlin M, Roulstone V, Kyula J, Smith H, Bergerhoff K, Pedersen M, Melcher A, Harrington K. PO-031 Sensitising P53 mutant HNSCC to oncolytic reovirus (RT3D) by targeting the unfolded protein response. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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26
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Clarkson YL, McLaughlin M, Waterfall M, Dunlop CE, Skehel PA, Anderson RA, Telfer EE. Initial characterisation of adult human ovarian cell populations isolated by DDX4 expression and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6953. [PMID: 29725036 PMCID: PMC5934371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of a population of putative stem cells with germline developmental potential (oogonial stem cells: OSCs) in the adult mammalian ovary has been marked by controversy over isolation methodology and potential for in-vitro transformation, particularly where cell sorting has been based on expression of DEAD box polypeptide 4 (DDX4). This study describes a refined tissue dissociation/fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) protocol for the ovaries of adult women which results in increased cell viability and yield of putative OSCs. A FACS technique incorporating dual-detection of DDX4 with aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) demonstrates the existence of two sub-populations of small DDX4-positive cells (approx. 7 µm diameter) with ALDH1 activity, distinguished by expression of differentially spliced DDX4 transcripts and of DAZL, a major regulator of germ cell differentiation. These may indicate stages of differentiation from a progenitor population and provide a likely explanation for the expression disparities reported previously. These findings provide a robust basis for the further characterisation of these cells, and exploration of their potential physiological roles and therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Clarkson
- Institute of Cell Biology and the Centre for Integrative Physiology, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, the King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Marie McLaughlin
- Institute of Cell Biology and the Centre for Integrative Physiology, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, the King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Martin Waterfall
- School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, the King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Cheryl E Dunlop
- Institute of Cell Biology and the Centre for Integrative Physiology, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.,MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paul A Skehel
- Institute of Cell Biology and the Centre for Integrative Physiology, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Evelyn E Telfer
- Institute of Cell Biology and the Centre for Integrative Physiology, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK. .,School of Biological Sciences, Ashworth Laboratories, the King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK.
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27
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Johnson J, McLaughlin M, Anderson R, Telfer E. Ovarian cortex tissue donation during routine obstetrical and gynecologic procedures. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Hough D, Bellingham M, Haraldsen I, McLaughlin M, Rennie M, Robinson J, Solbakk A, Evans N. Spatial memory is impaired by peripubertal GnRH agonist treatment and testosterone replacement in sheep. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 75:173-182. [PMID: 27837697 PMCID: PMC5140006 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is used therapeutically to block activity within the reproductive axis through down-regulation of GnRH receptors within the pituitary gland. GnRH receptors are also expressed in non-reproductive tissues, including areas of the brain such as the hippocampus and amygdala. The impact of long-term GnRHa-treatment on hippocampus-dependent cognitive functions, such as spatial orientation, learning and memory, is not well studied, particularly when treatment encompasses a critical window of development such as puberty. The current study used an ovine model to assess spatial maze performance and memory of rams that were untreated (Controls), had both GnRH and testosterone signaling blocked (GnRHa-treated), or specifically had GnRH signaling blocked (GnRHa-treated with testosterone replacement) during the peripubertal period (8, 27 and 41 weeks of age). The results demonstrate that emotional reactivity during spatial tasks was compromised by the blockade of gonadal steroid signaling, as seen by the restorative effects of testosterone replacement, while traverse times remained unchanged during assessment of spatial orientation and learning. The blockade of GnRH signaling alone was associated with impaired retention of long-term spatial memory and this effect was not restored with the replacement of testosterone signaling. These results indicate that GnRH signaling is involved in the retention and recollection of spatial information, potentially via alterations to spatial reference memory, and that therapeutic medical treatments using chronic GnRHa may have effects on this aspect of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Hough
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - M. Bellingham
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - I.R.H. Haraldsen
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital — Rikshospitalet, 0027, Oslo, Norway
| | - M. McLaughlin
- Division of Veterinary Bioscience and Education, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - M. Rennie
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - J.E. Robinson
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - A.K. Solbakk
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital — Rikshospitalet, 0027, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Pb 1094 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway,Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, Mosjøen, Norway
| | - N.P. Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK,Corresponding author.
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McLaughlin M, Kelsey TW, Wallace WHB, Anderson RA, Telfer EE. Non-growing follicle density is increased following adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD) chemotherapy in the adult human ovary. Hum Reprod 2016; 32:165-174. [PMID: 27923859 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do the chemotherapeutic regimens of ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine) or OEPA-COPDAC (combined vincristine, etoposide, prednisone, doxorubicin (OEPA) and cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, dacarbazine (COPDAC)) used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), affect the density, morphology and in vitro developmental potential of human ovarian follicles? SUMMARY ANSWER Ovarian tissue from women treated with ABVD contained a higher density of non-growing follicles (NGFs) per cubic millimetre and increased numbers of multiovular follicles but showed reduced in vitro growth compared with patients with lymphoma who had not received chemotherapy, patients treated with OEPA-COPDAC, age-matched healthy women and age-related model-predicted values. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Chemotherapy regimens can cause a loss of follicles within the ovary, which depends on the drugs given. Early stage HL is commonly treated by ABVD, a non-alkylating regimen that apparently has ovarian sparing qualities; thus it is important to investigate the histological appearance and distribution of follicles within ABVD-treated ovarian tissue. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Thirteen ovarian biopsies were obtained from HL patients (six adolescents and seven adults) and one biopsy from a non-HL patient. Two HL patients and the non-HL patient had received no treatment prior to biopsy collection. The remaining 11 HL patients received one of two regimens: ABVD or OEPA-COPDAC. Tissue was analysed histologically and compared to biopsies from healthy women, and in a subgroup of patients, tissue was cultured for 6 days in vitro. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Ovarian biopsies were obtained from patients undergoing ovarian cryopreservation for fertility preservation and from healthy women at the time of Caesarian section ('obstetric tissue'). Follicle number and maturity were evaluated in sections of ovarian cortical tissue, and compared to an age-related model of mean follicle density and to age-matched contemporaneous biopsies. The developmental potential of follicles was investigated after 6 days of tissue culture. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 6877 follicles were analysed. ABVD-treated tissue contained a higher density of NGFs per cubic millimetre (230 ± 17) (mean ± SEM) than untreated (110 ± 54), OEPA-COPDAC-treated (50 ± 27) and obstetric (20 ± 4) tissue (P < 0.01), with follicle density 9-21 SD higher than predicted by an age-related model. Biovular and binucleated NGFs occurred frequently in ABVD-treated and in adolescent-untreated tissue but were not observed in OEPA-COPDAC-treated or obstetric tissue, although OEPA-COPDAC-treated tissue contained a high proportion of morphologically abnormal oocytes (52% versus 23% in untreated, 22% in ABVD-treated and 25% in obstetric tissue; P < 0.001). Activation of follicle growth in vitro occurred in all groups, but in ABVD-treated samples there was very limited development to the secondary stage, whereas in untreated samples from lymphoma patients growth was similar to that observed in obstetric tissue (untreated; P < 0.01 versus ABVD-treated, NS versus obstetric). LARGE SCALE DATA N/A LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Although a large number of follicles were analysed, these data were derived from a small number of biopsies. The mechanisms underpinning these observations have yet to be determined and it is unclear how they relate to future fertility. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study confirms that the number of NGFs is not depleted following ABVD treatment, consistent with clinical data that female fertility is preserved. Our findings demonstrate that immature follicle density can increase as well as decrease following at least one chemotherapy treatment. This is the first report of morphological and follicle developmental similarities between ABVD-treated tissue and the immature human ovary. Further experiments will investigate the basis for the marked increase in follicle density in ABVD-treated tissue. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS Funded by UK Medical Research Council Grants G0901839 and MR/L00299X/1. The authors have no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McLaughlin
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK.,Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - T W Kelsey
- School of Computer Science, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SX, UK
| | - W H B Wallace
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh EH9 1LF, UK
| | - R A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - E E Telfer
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK .,Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
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30
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Mansfield DC, Kyula JN, Rosenfelder N, Chao-Chu J, Kramer-Marek G, Khan AA, Roulstone V, McLaughlin M, Melcher AA, Vile RG, Pandha HS, Khoo V, Harrington KJ. Oncolytic vaccinia virus as a vector for therapeutic sodium iodide symporter gene therapy in prostate cancer. Gene Ther 2016; 23:357-68. [PMID: 26814609 PMCID: PMC4827015 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic strains of vaccinia virus are currently in clinical development with clear evidence of safety and promising signs of efficacy. Addition of therapeutic genes to the viral genome may increase the therapeutic efficacy of vaccinia. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of vaccinia virus expressing the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in prostate cancer models, combining oncolysis, external beam radiotherapy and NIS-mediated radioiodide therapy. The NIS-expressing vaccinia virus (VV-NIS), GLV-1h153, was tested in in vitro analyzes of viral cell killing, combination with radiotherapy, NIS expression, cellular radioiodide uptake and apoptotic cell death in PC3, DU145, LNCaP and WPMY-1 human prostate cell lines. In vivo experiments were carried out in PC3 xenografts in CD1 nude mice to assess NIS expression and tumor radioiodide uptake. In addition, the therapeutic benefit of radioiodide treatment in combination with viral oncolysis and external beam radiotherapy was measured. In vitro viral cell killing of prostate cancers was dose- and time-dependent and was through apoptotic mechanisms. Importantly, combined virus therapy and iodizing radiation did not adversely affect oncolysis. NIS gene expression in infected cells was functional and mediated uptake of radioiodide both in vitro and in vivo. Therapy experiments with both xenograft and immunocompetent Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mouse models showed that the addition of radioiodide to VV-NIS-infected tumors was more effective than each single-agent therapy, restricting tumor growth and increasing survival. In conclusion, VV-NIS is effective in prostate cancer models. This treatment modality would be an attractive complement to existing clinical radiotherapy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Mansfield
- Divisions of Cancer Biology and Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Labs, London, UK
| | - J N Kyula
- Divisions of Cancer Biology and Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Labs, London, UK
| | - N Rosenfelder
- Divisions of Cancer Biology and Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Labs, London, UK
| | - J Chao-Chu
- Divisions of Cancer Biology and Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Labs, London, UK
| | - G Kramer-Marek
- Divisions of Cancer Biology and Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Labs, London, UK
| | - A A Khan
- Divisions of Cancer Biology and Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Labs, London, UK
| | - V Roulstone
- Divisions of Cancer Biology and Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Labs, London, UK
| | - M McLaughlin
- Divisions of Cancer Biology and Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Labs, London, UK
| | - A A Melcher
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - R G Vile
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - H S Pandha
- Postgraduate Medical School, The University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - V Khoo
- Divisions of Cancer Biology and Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Labs, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
- University of Melbourne and Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - K J Harrington
- Divisions of Cancer Biology and Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Labs, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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31
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Braceland M, McLoughlin MF, Tinsley J, Wallace C, Cockerill D, McLaughlin M, Eckersall PD. Serum enolase: a non-destructive biomarker of white skeletal myopathy during pancreas disease (PD) in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:821-831. [PMID: 25168106 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diseases which cause skeletal muscle myopathy are some of the most economically damaging diseases in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., aquaculture. Despite this, there are limited means of assessing fish health non-destructively. Previous investigation of the serum proteome of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., during pancreas disease (PD) has identified proteins in serum that have potential as biomarkers of the disease. Amongst these proteins, the enzyme enolase was selected as the most viable for use as a biomarker of muscle myopathy associated with PD. Western blot and immunoassay (ELISA) validated enolase as a biomarker for PD, whilst immunohistochemistry identified white muscle as the source of enolase. Enolase was shown to be a specific marker for white muscle myopathy in salmon, rising in serum concentration significantly correlating with pathological damage to the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Braceland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - C Wallace
- VESO Vikan, Aquamedical Contract Research, Vikan, Namsos, Norway
| | - D Cockerill
- Marine Harvest Scotland, Farms Office Blar Mhor Industrial Estate, Fort William, UK
| | - M McLaughlin
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - P D Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Grieve KM, McLaughlin M, Dunlop CE, Telfer EE, Anderson RA. The controversial existence and functional potential of oogonial stem cells. Maturitas 2015; 82:278-81. [PMID: 26278874 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative potential of the mammalian ovary has been a controversial area over the last decade. Isolation of cells, termed oogonial stem cells (OSCs), from adult rodent and human ovaries has been reported, with these cells exhibiting both germ and stem cell markers in culture. When re-introduced into an ovarian somatic environment these cells have generated follicles capable of producing healthy offspring in rodents, and there is some evidence of human OSCs being able to form oocyte-like structures in a xenotransplant model. Importantly, there are no data on their potential physiological role within the ovary, and specifically no evidence that they contribute to the primordial follicle pool and thus to later stages of follicle development. The cues required for oocyte differentiation from these cells are not well understood either in vivo or in vitro, and these will need to be further elucidated to maximise their potential for therapeutic intervention. OSCs may also be of value as a model to investigate normal human germ cell differentiation. It is likely that their interactions with ovarian somatic cells and/or extracellular signals will be important in these processes. This review summarises our current knowledge on the isolation and characterisation of mammalian oogonial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Grieve
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Institute of Cell Biology and Centre for Integrative Physiology, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Marie McLaughlin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Centre for Integrative Physiology, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Cheryl E Dunlop
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Evelyn E Telfer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Centre for Integrative Physiology, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Richard A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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McLaughlin M, Kelsey TW, Wallace WHB, Anderson RA, Telfer EE. An externally validated age-related model of mean follicle density in the cortex of the human ovary. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 32:1089-95. [PMID: 26043911 PMCID: PMC4531872 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The ability to accurately estimate a woman’s ovarian reserve by non-invasive means is the goal of ovarian reserve prediction. It is not known whether a correlation exists between model-predicted estimates of ovarian reserve and data generated by direct histological analysis of ovarian tissue. The aim of this study was to compare mean non-growing follicle density values obtained from analysis of ovarian cortical tissue samples against ovarian volume models. Methods Non-growing follicle density values were obtained from 13 ovarian cortical biopsies (16-37 years). A mean non-growing follicle density was calculated for each patient by counting all follicles in a given volume of biopsied ovarian cortex. These values were compared to age-matched model generated densities (adjusted to take into consideration the proportion of ovary that is cortex) and the correlation between data sets tested. Results Non-growing density values obtained from fresh biopsied ovarian cortical samples closely matched model generated data with low mean difference, tight agreement limits and no proportional error between the observed and predicted results. Conclusion These findings validate the use of the adjusted population and ovarian volume models, to accurately predict mean follicle density in the ovarian cortex of healthy adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McLaughlin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
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McLaughlin M, Kinnell HL, Anderson RA, Telfer EE. Inhibition of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) in human ovary in vitro results in increased activation of primordial follicles but compromises development of growing follicles. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:736-44. [PMID: 24830779 PMCID: PMC4106636 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian ovary a small number of follicles are steadily recruited from the quiescent pool to undergo development. Follicle loss, maintenance and growth are strictly controlled by complex molecular interactions including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathway. Stimulation of PI3K promotes phosphorylation of Akt resulting in follicle survival and activation of growth whereas this pathway is suppressed by the actions of the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dipotassium bisperoxo(5-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxyl)oxovanadate (bpV), a reversible inhibitor of PTEN, on the activation, survival and development of human ovarian follicles in vitro. Biopsied ovarian tissue fragments were obtained from 17 women aged 23-46 years and exposed to 1 µM bpV(HOpic) (n = 146) or control medium (n = 128) for 24 h. Media were then replaced with control medium and all tissue incubated for a further 5 days. Ovarian tissue from each treatment group was fixed after the initial 24 h culture period and phosphorylated Akt was quantified by western blotting. After 6 days incubation all tissue fragments were inspected under light microscopy and any secondary follicles ≥100 µm isolated. Isolated follicles were cultured individually in control medium supplemented with 100 ng/ml recombinant human activin A. Tissue fragments without follicles suitable for isolation were fixed and processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. During 6 days culture, follicle activation occurred in tissue samples from both treatment groups but with significantly more follicles progressing to the secondary stage of development in the presence of 1 µM bpV(HOpic) compared with control (31 versus 16%; P < 0.05). Increased activation was associated with increased Akt phosphorylation and increased nuclear export of FOXO3. However isolated and cultured follicles that had been exposed to bpV(HOpic) showed limited growth and reduced survival compared with follicles from control fragments (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that inhibition of PTEN with bpV(HOpic) affects human ovarian follicle development by promoting the initiation of follicle growth and development to the secondary stage, as in rodent species, but severely compromises the survival of isolated secondary follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie McLaughlin
- Institute of Cell Biology and Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Hazel L Kinnell
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Richard A Anderson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Evelyn E Telfer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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Anderson RA, McLaughlin M, Wallace WHB, Albertini DF, Telfer EE. The immature human ovary shows loss of abnormal follicles and increasing follicle developmental competence through childhood and adolescence. Hum Reprod 2013; 29:97-106. [PMID: 24135076 PMCID: PMC3860895 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do the ovarian follicles of children and adolescents differ in their morphology and in vitro growth potential from those of adults? SUMMARY ANSWER Pre-pubertal ovaries contained a high proportion of morphologically abnormal non-growing follicles, and follicles showed reduced capacity for in vitro growth. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The pre-pubertal ovary is known to contain follicles at the early growing stages. How this changes over childhood and through puberty is unknown, and there are no previous data on the in vitro growth potential of follicles from pre-pubertal and pubertal girls. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Ovarian biopsies from five pre-pubertal and seven pubertal girls and 19 adult women were analysed histologically, cultured in vitro for 6 days, with growing follicles then isolated and cultured for a further 6 days. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Ovarian biopsies were obtained from girls undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation, and compared with biopsies from adult women. Follicle stage and morphology were classified. After 6 days in culture, follicle growth initiation was assessed. The growth of isolated secondary follicles was assessed over a further 6 days, including analysis of oocyte growth. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Pre-pubertal ovaries contained a high proportion of abnormal non-growing follicles (19.4 versus 4.85% in pubertal ovaries; 4004 follicles analysed; P = 0.02) characterized by indistinct germinal vesicle membrane and absent nucleolus. Follicles with this abnormal morphology were not seen in the adult ovary. During 6 days culture, follicle growth initiation was observed at all ages; in pre-pubertal samples there was very little development to secondary stages, while pubertal samples showed similar growth activation to that seen in adult tissue (pubertal group: P = 0.02 versus pre-pubertal, ns versus adult). Isolated secondary follicles were cultured for a further 6 days. Those from pre-pubertal ovary showed limited growth (P < 0.05 versus both pubertal and adult follicles) and no change in oocyte diameter over that period. Follicles from pubertal ovaries showed increased growth; this was still reduced compared with follicles from adult women (P < 0.05) but oocyte growth was proportionate to follicle size. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION These data derive from only a small number of ovarian biopsies, although large numbers of follicles were analysed. It is unclear whether the differences between groups are related to puberty, or just age. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings show that follicles from girls of all ages can be induced to grow in vitro, which has important implications for some patients who are at high risk of malignant contamination of their ovarian tissue. The reduced growth of isolated follicles indicates that there are true intrafollicular differences in addition to potential differences in their local environment, and that there are maturational processes occurring in the ovary through childhood and adolescence, which involve the loss of abnormal follicles, and increasing follicle developmental competence. Study funding/competing interest(s) Funded by MRC grants G0901839 and G1100357. No competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Anderson RA, McLaughlin M, Woods DC, Tilly JL, Telfer EE, Virant-Klun I, Stimpfel M, Cvjeticanin B, Vrtacnik-Bokal E, Skutella T, Beyazyurek C, Ekmekci CG, Gulum N, Tac HA, Kahraman S, Cheng J, Su J, Ding LJ, Yan GJ, Hu YL, Hendriks S, Dancet EAF, Meissner A, van der Veen F, Mochtar MH, Repping S, Oktem O, Muftuoglu M, Senbabaoglu F, Urman B. Session 32: Stem cells and translational research. Hum Reprod 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mansfield D, Pencavel T, Kyula JN, Zaidi S, Roulstone V, Thway K, Karapanagiotou L, Khan AA, McLaughlin M, Touchefeu Y, Seth R, Melcher AA, Vile RG, Pandha HS, Harrington KJ. Oncolytic Vaccinia virus and radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2012; 49:108-18. [PMID: 22925693 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oncolytic forms of attenuated Vaccinia virus are now in clinical development, assessing the compatibility of this novel treatment with radiotherapy may reveal exploitable synergistic relationships. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro analyses of cell killing, cell cycle effects and caspase activation were carried out on HN3, HN5, CAL27, Detroit, SIHN5B, and PJ41 cells. In vivo studies of the virus and X-radiation were performed on H&N xenografts in CD1 nude mice. RESULTS Cell killing in vitro was demonstrated to be dose- and time-dependent. Infection causes an increase in S-phase and sub-G1 cells. A dose dependent increase in active caspase-3 indicated induction of apoptosis. Xenografts injected with Vaccinia stabilised and frequently completely regressed. Combination with radiation generated additional cell death, induction of caspase activity and in vivo further improved long term regression rates. CONCLUSIONS These data support continued exploration of this therapy combination and indicates potential for clinical trials in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mansfield
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Divisions of Cancer Biology and Radiotherapy and Imaging, Targeted Therapy Team, London, UK.
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Roulstone V, Twigger K, Zaidi S, Pencavel T, Kyula JN, White C, McLaughlin M, Seth R, Karapanagiotou EM, Mansfield D, Coffey M, Nuovo G, Vile RG, Pandha HS, Melcher AA, Harrington KJ. Synergistic cytotoxicity of oncolytic reovirus in combination with cisplatin-paclitaxel doublet chemotherapy. Gene Ther 2012; 20:521-8. [PMID: 22895509 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic reovirus is currently under active investigation in a range of tumour types. Early phase studies have shown that this agent has modest monotherapy efficacy and its future development is likely to focus on combination regimens with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Indeed, phase I/II clinical trials have confirmed that reovirus can be safely combined with cytotoxic drugs, including a platin-taxane doublet regimen, which is currently being tested in a phase III clinical trial in patients with relapsed/metastatic head and neck cancer. Therefore, we have tested this triple (reovirus, cisplatin, paclitaxel) combination therapy in a panel of four head and neck cancer cell lines. Using the combination index (CI) method, the triple therapy demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro in both malignant and non-malignant cell lines. In head and neck cancer cell lines, this was associated with enhanced caspase 3 and 7 cleavage, but no increase in viral replication. In vitro analyses confirmed colocalisation of markers of reovirus infection and caspase 3. Triple therapy was significantly more effective than reovirus or cisplatin-paclitaxel in athymic nude mice. These data suggest that the combination of reovirus plus platin-taxane doublet chemotherapy has significant activity in head and neck cancer and underpin the current phase III study in this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Roulstone
- Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Section of Cell and Molecular Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cell Biology, London, UK
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Meirow D, Raanani H, Brengauz M, Dor J, Tsafrir A, Goldberg D, Eldar-Geva T, Gal M, Ben-Chetrit A, Weintroub A, Varshaver I, Dekel N, Kopeika J, Abdel-Reda H, Khalil M, Khalaf Y, Reddy N, Anderson RA, McLaughlin M, Wallace WHB, Telfer EE, Fujimoto A, Ichinose M, Osuga Y, Oishi H, Hirata T, Harada M, Hasegawa A, Morishima K, Sakurabashi A, Kawana K, Yano T, Kozuma S, Taketani Y, Kim SS, Herraiz S, Novella-Maestre E, Pellicer A. SESSION 73: FEMALE FERTILITY PRESERVATION. Hum Reprod 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/27.s2.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Backhouse MR, Vinall KA, Redmond A, Helliwell P, Keenan AM, Dale RM, Thomas A, Aronson D, Turner-Cobb J, Sengupta R, France B, Hill I, Flurey CA, Morris M, Pollock J, Hughes R, Richards P, Hewlett S, Ryan S, Lille K, Adams J, Haq I, McArthur M, Goodacre L, Birt L, Wilson O, Kirwan J, Dures E, Quest E, Hewlett S, Rajak R, Thomas T, Lawson T, Petford S, Hale E, Kitas GD, Ryan S, Gooberman-Hill R, Jinks C, Dziedzic K, Boucas SB, Hislop K, Rhodes C, Adams J, Ali F, Jinks C, Ong BN, Backhouse MR, White D, Hensor E, Keenan AM, Helliwell P, Redmond A, Ferguson AM, Douiri A, Scott DL, Lempp H, Halls S, Law RJ, Jones J, Markland D, Maddison P, Thom J, Law RJ, Thom JM, Maddison P, Breslin A, Kraus A, Gordhan C, Dennis S, Connor J, Chowdhary B, Lottay N, Juneja P, Bacon PA, Isaacs D, Jack J, Keller M, Tibble J, Haq I, Hammond A, Gill R, Tyson S, Tennant A, Nordenskiold U, Pease EE, Pease CT, Trehane A, Rahmeh F, Cornell P, Westlake SL, Rose K, Alber CF, Watson L, Stratton R, Lazarus M, McNeilly NE, Waterfield J, Hurley M, Greenwood J, Clayton AM, Lynch M, Clewes A, Dawson J, Abernethy V, Griffiths AE, Chamberlain VA, McLoughlin Y, Campbell S, Hayes J, Moffat C, McKenna F, Shah P, Rajak R, Williams A, Rhys-Dillon C, Goodfellow R, Martin JC, Rajak R, Bari F, Hughes G, Thomas E, Baker S, Collins D, Price E, Williamson L, Dunkley L, Youll MJ, Rodziewicz M, Reynolds JA, Berry J, Pavey C, Hyrich K, Gorodkin R, Wilkinson K, Bruce I, Barton A, Silman A, Ho P, Cornell T, Westlake SL, Richards S, Holmes A, Parker S, Smith H, Briggs N, Arthanari S, Nisar M, Thwaites C, Ryan S, Kamath S, Price S, Robinson SM, Walker D, Coop H, Al-Allaf W, Baker S, Williamson L, Price E, Collins D, Charleton RC, Griffiths B, Edwards EA, Partlett R, Martin K, Tarzi M, Panthakalam S, Freeman T, Ainley L, Turner M, Hughes L, Russell B, Jenkins S, Done J, Young A, Jones T, Gaywood IC, Pande I, Pradere MJ, Bhaduri M, Smith A, Cook H, Abraham S, Ngcozana T, Denton CP, Parker L, Black CM, Ong V, Thompson N, White C, Duddy M, Jobanputra P, Bacon P, Smith J, Richardson A, Giancola G, Soh V, Spencer S, Greenhalgh A, Hanson M, De Lord D, Lloyd M, Wong H, Wren D, Grover B, Hall J, Neville C, Alton P, Kelly S, Bombardieri M, Humby F, Ng N, Di Cicco M, Hands R, Epis O, Filer A, Buckley C, McInnes I, Taylor P, Pitzalis C, Freeston J, Conaghan P, Grainger A, O'Connor PJ, Evans R, Emery P, Hodgson R, Emery P, Fleischmann R, Han C, van der Heijde D, Conaghan P, Xu W, Hsia E, Kavanaugh A, Gladman D, Chattopadhyay C, Beutler A, Han C, Zayat AS, Conaghan P, Freeston J, Hensor E, Ellegard K, Terslev L, Emery P, Wakefield RJ, Ciurtin C, Leandro M, Dey D, Nandagudi A, Giles I, Shipley M, Morris V, Ioannou J, Ehrenstein M, Sen D, Chan M, Quinlan TM, Brophy R, Mewar D, Patel D, Wilby MJ, Pellegrini V, Eyes B, Crooks D, Anderson M, Ball E, McKeeman H, Burns J, Yau WH, Moore O, Foo J, Benson C, Patterson C, Wright G, Taggart A, Drew S, Tanner L, Sanyal K, Bourke BE, Lloyd M, Alston C, Baqai C, Chard M, Sandhu V, Neville C, Jordan K, Munns C, Zouita L, Shattles W, Davies U, Makadsi R, Griffith S, Kiely PD, Ciurtin C, Dimofte I, Dabu M, Dabu B, Dobarro D, Schreiber BE, Warrell C, Handler C, Coghlan G, Denton C, Ishorari J, Bunn C, Beynon H, Denton CP, Stratton R, George Malal JJ, Boton-Maggs B, Leung A, Farewell D, Choy E, Gullick NJ, Young A, Choy EH, Scott DL, Wincup C, Fisher B, Charles P, Taylor P, Gullick NJ, Pollard LC, Kirkham BW, Scott DL, Ma MH, Ramanujan S, Cavet G, Haney D, Kingsley GH, Scott D, Cope A, Singh A, Wilson J, Isaacs A, Wing C, McLaughlin M, Penn H, Genovese MC, Sebba A, Rubbert-Roth A, Scali J, Zilberstein M, Thompson L, Van Vollenhoven R, De Benedetti F, Brunner H, Allen R, Brown D, Chaitow J, Pardeo M, Espada G, Flato B, Horneff G, Devlin C, Kenwright A, Schneider R, Woo P, Martini A, Lovell D, Ruperto N, John H, Hale ED, Treharne GJ, Kitas GD, Carroll D, Mercer L, Low A, Galloway J, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Low A, Mercer L, Galloway J, Davies R, Watson K, Lunt M, Dixon W, Hyrich K, Symmons D, Balarajah S, Sandhu A, Ariyo M, Rankin E, Sandoo A, van Zanten JJV, Toms TE, Carroll D, Kitas GD, Sandoo A, Smith JP, Kitas GD, Malik S, Toberty E, Thalayasingam N, Hamilton J, Kelly C, Puntis D, Malik S, Hamilton J, Saravanan V, Rynne M, Heycock C, Kelly C, Rajak R, Goodfellow R, Rhys-Dillon C, Winter R, Wardle P, Martin JC, Toms T, Sandoo A, Smith J, Cadman S, Nightingale P, Kitas G, Alhusain AZ, Verstappen SM, Mirjafari H, Lunt M, Charlton-Menys V, Bunn D, Symmons D, Durrington P, Bruce I, Cooney JK, Thom JM, Moore JP, Lemmey A, Jones JG, Maddison PJ, Ahmad YA, Ahmed TJ, Leone F, Kiely PD, Browne HK, Rhys-Dillon C, Wig S, Chevance A, Moore T, Manning J, Vail A, Herrick AL, Derrett-Smith E, Hoyles R, Moinzadeh P, Chighizola C, Khan K, Ong V, Abraham D, Denton CP, Schreiber BE, Dobarro D, Warrell CE, Handler C, Denton CP, Coghlan G, Sykes R, Muir L, Ennis H, Herrick AL, Shiwen X, Thompson K, Khan K, Liu S, Denton CP, Leask A, Abraham DJ, Strickland G, Pauling J, Betteridge Z, Dunphy J, Owen P, McHugh N, Abignano G, Cuomo G, Buch MH, Rosenberg WM, Valentini G, Emery P, Del Galdo F, Jenkins J, Pauling JD, McHugh N, Khan K, Shiwen X, Abraham D, Denton CP, Ong V, Moinzadeh P, Howell K, Ong V, Nihtyanova S, Denton CP, Moinzadeh P, Fonseca C, Khan K, Abraham D, Ong V, Denton CP, Malaviya AP, Hadjinicolaou AV, Nisar MK, Ruddlesden M, Furlong A, Baker S, Hall FC, Hadjinicolaou AV, Malaviya AP, Nisar MK, Ruddlesden M, Raut-Roy D, Furlong A, Baker S, Hall FC, Peluso R, Dario Di Minno MN, Iervolino S, Costa L, Atteno M, Lofrano M, Soscia E, Castiglione F, Foglia F, Scarpa R, Wallis D, Thomas A, Hill I, France B, Sengupta R, Dougados M, Keystone E, Heckaman M, Mease P, Landewe R, Nguyen D, Heckaman M, Mease P, Winfield RA, Dyke C, Clemence M, Mackay K, Haywood KL, Packham J, Jordan KP, Davies H, Brophy S, Irvine E, Cooksey R, Dennis MS, Siebert S, Kingsley GH, Ibrahim F, Scott DL, Kavanaugh A, McInnes I, Chattopadhyay C, Krueger G, Gladman D, Beutler A, Gathany T, Mudivarthy S, Mack M, Tandon N, Han C, Mease P, McInnes I, Sieper J, Braun J, Emery P, van der Heijde D, Isaacs J, Dahmen G, Wollenhaupt J, Schulze-Koops H, Gsteiger S, Bertolino A, Hueber W, Tak PP, Cohen CJ, Karaderi T, Pointon JJ, Wordsworth BP, Cooksey R, Davies H, Dennis MS, Siebert S, Brophy S, Keidel S, Pointon JJ, Farrar C, Karaderi T, Appleton LH, Wordsworth BP, Adshead R, Tahir H, Greenwood M, Donnelly SP, Wajed J, Kirkham B. BHPR research: qualitative * 1. Complex reasoning determines patients' perception of outcome following foot surgery in rheumatoid arhtritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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McLaughlin M, Patrizio P, Kayisli U, Luk J, Thomson TC, Anderson RA, Telfer EE, Johnson J. mTOR kinase inhibition results in oocyte loss characterized by empty follicles in human ovarian cortical strips cultured in vitro. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:1154-9.e1. [PMID: 22036052 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether oocyte loss is induced by mTOR kinase inhibition in human cortical strips as seen in model organisms in vivo and in vitro. DESIGN Ovarian cortex was collected at two centers and cut into small strips. Strips were cultured for 6 days with or without the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (RAP; 100 nM). Strips were then embedded in paraffin, and serial sections were prepared. SETTING Samples were collected in general obstetric (Edinburgh), gynecologic surgery (New Haven), and fertility preservation assisted reproductive technology (ART) (New Haven) practices. PATIENT(S) Ovarian cortex collected from patients (15-34 years of age) during cesarean section (donated tissue) was removed for the purposes of fertility preservation or was prepared after oophorectomy. INTERVENTION(S) Tissue was used for research purposes only, with no subsequent patient intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Follicles were counted and assessed in each serial section. Caspase activity was monitored to determine whether mTOR inhibition activated apoptosis. RESULT(S) The RAP inclusion in cultures results in significantly fewer follicles compared with ethanol vehicle-treated controls. Furthermore, RAP treatment resulted in the induction of follicles that lacked an oocyte in any serial section (30/161 follicles vs. 1/347 ethanol vehicle-treated follicles). Caspase activity was not elevated by RAP treatment. CONCLUSION(S) mTOR inhibition results in a conserved destruction of the oocyte by adjacent granulosa cells (GC) in the absence of increased caspase activity. This model of oocyte loss is not consistent with classic apoptosis/atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie McLaughlin
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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McLaughlin M, Fraser J, Young J, Keogh S. Paediatric nurses' knowledge and attitudes related to breastfeeding and the hospitalised infant. Breastfeed Rev 2011; 19:13-24. [PMID: 22263373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding and breastmilk are essential to hospitalised infants and young children and paediatric nurses are required to have breastfeeding knowledge. However, few studies have investigated paediatric nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards breastfeeding. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used to investigate breastfeeding knowledge, knowledge related to breastfeeding the hospitalised infant, policy and guideline awareness, and attitudes to breastfeeding. Participants demonstrated excellent breastfeeding attitudes and general knowledge but deficits in breastfeeding knowledge related to specific outcomes were identified.
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Johnson J, McLaughlin M, Anderson R, Luk J, Kayisli U, Patrizio P, Telfer E. mTOR Inhibition Results in Oocyte Loss in Human Ovarian Cortex. Biol Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/biolreprod/85.s1.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Du Q, Jovanović S, Sukhodub A, Barratt E, Drew E, Whalley KM, Kay V, McLaughlin M, Telfer EE, Barratt CLR, Jovanović A. Human oocytes express ATP-sensitive K(+) channels. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:2774-82. [PMID: 20847183 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels link intracellular metabolism with membrane excitability and play crucial roles in cellular physiology and protection. The K(ATP) channel protein complex is composed of pore forming, Kir6.x (Kir6.1 or Kir6.2) and regulatory, SURx (SUR2A, SUR2B or SUR1), subunits that associate in different combinations. The objective of this study was to determine whether mammalian oocytes (human, bovine, porcine) express K(ATP) channels. METHODS Supernumerary human oocytes at different stages of maturation were obtained from patients undergoing assisted conception treatments. Bovine and porcine oocytes in the germinal vesicle (GV) stage were obtained by aspirating antral follicles from abattoir-derived ovaries. The presence of mRNA for K(ATP) channel subunits was determined using real-time RT-PCR with primers specific for Kir6.2, Kir6.1, SUR1, SUR2A and SUR2B. To assess whether functional K(ATP) channels are present in human oocytes, traditional and perforated patch whole cell electrophysiology and immunoprecipitation/western blotting were used. RESULTS Real-time PCR revealed that mRNA for Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR2A and SUR2B, but not SUR1, were present in human oocytes of different stages. Only SUR2B and Kir6.2 mRNAs were detected in GV stage bovine and porcine oocytes. Immunoprecipitation with SUR2 antibody and western blotting with Kir6.1 antibody identified bands corresponding to these subunits in human oocytes. In human oocytes, 2,4-dinitrophenol (400 µM), a metabolic inhibitor known to decrease intracellular ATP and activate K(ATP) channels, increased whole cell K(+) current. On the other hand, K(+) current induced by low intracellular ATP was inhibited by extracellular glibenclamide (30 µM), an oral antidiabetic known to block the opening of K(ATP) channels. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, mammalian oocytes express K(ATP) channels. This opens a new avenue of research into the complex relationship between metabolism and membrane excitability in oocytes under different conditions, including conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyou Du
- Division of Medical Sciences/MACHS, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Talevi R, Barbato V, Mollo V, De Stefano C, Finelli F, Ferraro R, Gualtieri R, Zhou P, Liu AH, Cao YX, Roman H, Pura I, Tarta O, Bourdel N, Marpeau L, Sabourin JC, Portmann M, Nagy ZP, Behr B, Alvaro Mercadal B, Demeestere I, Imbert R, Englert Y, Delbaere A, Lueke S, Buendgen N, Koester F, Diedrich K, Griesinger G, Kim A, Han JE, Eunmi C, Kim YS, Cho JH, Yoon TK, Piomboni P, Stendardi A, Palumberi D, Morgante G, De Leo V, Serafini F, Focarelli R, Tatone C, Di Emidio G, Carbone MC, Vento M, Ciriminna R, Artini PG, Kyono K, Ishikawa T, Usui K, Hatori M, Yasmin L, Sato E, Iwasaka M, Fujii K, Owada N, Sankai T, McLaughlin M, Fineron P, Anderson RA, Wallace WHB, Telfer EE, Labied S, Beliard A, Munaut C, Foidart JM, Turkcuoglu I, Oktay K, Rodriguez-Wallberg K, Kuwayama M, Takayama Y, Mori C, Kagawa N, Akakubo N, Takehara Y, Kato K, Leibo SP, Kato O, Yoon H, Shin Y, cha J, Kim H, Lee W, Yoon S, Lim J, Larman MG, Gardner DK, Zander-Fox D, Lane M, Hamilton H, Oktay K, Lee S, Ozkavukcu S, Heytens E, Alappat RM, Sole M, Boada M, Biadiu M, Santalo J, Coroleu B, Barri PN, Veiga A, Rossi L, Bartoletti R, Mengarelli M, Boccia Artieri G, Gemini L, Mazzoli L, Giannini L, Scaravelli G, Kagawa N, Silber SJ, Kuwayama M, Yamanguchi S, Nagumo Y, Takai Y, Ishihara S, Takehara Y, Kato O, Lee S, Heytens E, Ozkavukcu S, Alappat RM, Oktay K, Soleimani R, Heytens E, Rottiers I, Gojayev A, Oktay K, Cuvelier AC, De Sutter P, Salama M, Winkler K, Murach KF, Hofer S, Wildt L, Friess SC, Okumura N, Kuji N, Kishimi A, Nishio H, Mochimaru Y, Minegishi K, Miyakoshi K, Fujii T, Tanaka M, Aoki D, Yoshimura Y, Hasegawa K, Juanzi S, Zhao W, Zhang S, Xue X, Silber S, Zhang J, Kuwayama M, Kagawa N, Meirow D, Gosden R, Westphal JR, Gerritse R, Beerendonk CCM, Braat DDM, Peek R, Coticchio G, Dal Canto M, Brambillasca F, Mignini Renzini M, Merola M, Lain M, Fadini R, Nottola SA, Albani E, Coticchio G, Lorenzo C, Carlini T, Maione M, Scaravelli G, Borini A, Macchiarelli G, Levi-Setti PE, Rienzi L, Romano S, Capalbo A, Iussig B, Albricci L, Colamaria S, Baroni E, Sapienza F, Giuliani M, Anniballo R, Ubaldi FM, Beyer DA, Schultze-Mosgau A, Amari F, Griesinger G, Diedrich K, Al-Hasani S, Resta S, Magli MC, Ruberti A, Lappi M, Ferraretti AP, Gianaroli L, Prisant N, Belloc S, Cohen-Bacrie M, Hazout A, Olivennes F, Aubriot FX, Alvarez S, De Mouzon J, Thieulin C, Cohen-Bacrie P, Wozniak S, Szkodziak P, Wozniakowska E, Paszkowski M, Paszkowski T, Diaz D, Nagy ZP, Dragnic S, Hayward B, Bennett R, Al-Sabbagh A, Novella-Maestre E, Teruel J, Carmona L, Rosello E, Pellicer A, Sanchez-Serrano M, Lee JR, Lee JY, Kim CH, Lee Y, Lee S, Jee BC, Suh CS, Kim SH, Moon SY, Sanchez-Serrano M, Novella-Maestre E, Teruel J, Mirabet V, Crespo J, Pellicer A, Schiewe M, Nugent N, Zozula S, Anderson R, Zulategui JF, Meseguer M, Pellicer A, Remohi J, Castello D, Romero JLL, De los Santos MJ, Cobo AC, von Wolff M, Jauckus J, Kupka M, Strowitzki T, Lawrenz B, Meirow D, Raanani H, Kaufman B, Maman E, Mendel MM, Dor J, Buendgen NK, Lueke S, Diedrich K, Griesinger G, Combelles C, Wang HY, Racowsky C, Kuleshova L, Tucker M, Graham J, Richter K, Carter J, Lim J, Levy M. Posters * Fertility Preservation. Hum Reprod 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/de.25.s1.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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McLaughlin M, Telfer EE. Oocyte development in bovine primordial follicles is promoted by activin and FSH within a two-step serum-free culture system. Reproduction 2010; 139:971-8. [PMID: 20207724 DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Quiescent follicles of large mammals initiate growth within cultured pieces of ovarian cortex. Systems capable of sustaining in vitro development from this early stage until oocyte maturation would allow investigation of mechanisms regulating oocyte development in its entirety. The aims of this study were 1) to determine whether bovine follicles initiated to grow in vitro could be isolated from the cortical environment, and could undergo further development and 2) to evaluate the effect of activin and FSH on the development of secondary follicles derived from primordial follicles. Fragments of bovine ovarian cortex were cultured in serum-free medium for 6 days; thereafter, secondary follicles were isolated for further culture. After a maximum total of 21 days in vitro, follicles were either processed for histological assessment or opened to release the oocyte-cumulus complexes for inspection by light microscopy. Compared with control, significant follicle and oocyte growth were observed in activin-exposed follicles, with or without FSH, with some oocyte diameters measuring over 100 microns following a total in vitro period of 15 days. Significant oestradiol secretion was observed in follicles cultured in activin alone after a total of 9 days in vitro compared with other treatment groups; however, this effect was not sustained. In summary, this study demonstrates the promotion of primordial bovine follicle development within a two-step serum-free culture system with oocyte diameters >100 mum achieved over 15 days in vitro. Further development of this system is needed to support complete oocyte growth and thereafter in vitro maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie McLaughlin
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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McLaughlin M, Bromfield JJ, Albertini DF, Telfer EE. Activin promotes follicular integrity and oogenesis in cultured pre-antral bovine follicles. Mol Hum Reprod 2010; 16:644-53. [PMID: 20203128 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaq021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the individual and combined effect of activin and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on somatic and germ cell development in cultured pre-antral follicles. Pre-antral bovine follicles (mean diameter 157 +/- 3, range 132-199 microm) were cultured for 8 days in serum-free medium in the presence of either 100 ng/ml of recombinant human activin A (rhAct A), 100 ng/ml rhAct A combined with a high (100 ng/ml) or low (50 ng/ml) concentration of recombinant FSH (rFSH) or 50 ng/ml rFSH alone. Intrafollicular connexin 43 expression and actin-based cell adhesion were assessed on Day 2 and 4 of culture. Steroidogenesis was evaluated after Day 4 and 8. Follicles exposed to 100 ng/ml activin maintained expression of connexin 43 at the follicular periphery. In the presence of activin, with or without 100 ng/ml or 50 ng/ml FSH, follicles were steroidogenic undergoing significant growth (P < 0.01), granulosa cell proliferation (P < 0.01) and antral cavity formation (P < 0.05) compared with cultured controls. Maximum oocyte growth occurred in the presence of 100 ng/ml activin alone with a significant percentage of these oocytes maintaining normal morphology over controls (P < 0.05). These results are consistent with a role for activin in maintaining oocyte granulosa cell interactions due to increased peripheral granulosa cell adhesion to the basement membrane and retention of adhesion at the surface of the zona pellucida. Thus, the polarized expression of cell contact interactions promoted by activin supports ongoing folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McLaughlin
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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Lowrie M, Penderis J, Eckersall P, McLaughlin M, Mellor D, Anderson T. The role of acute phase proteins in diagnosis and management of steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis in dogs. Vet J 2009; 182:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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