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Allen DM, Reyne MI, Allingham P, Levickas A, Bell SH, Lock J, Coey JD, Carson S, Lee AJ, McSparron C, Nejad BF, McKenna J, Shannon M, Li K, Curran T, Broadbent LJ, Downey DG, Power UF, Groves HE, McKinley JM, McGrath JW, Bamford CGG, Gilpin DF. Genomic Analysis and Surveillance of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE). J Infect Dis 2024:jiae205. [PMID: 38636496 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe infections in infants, immunocompromised or elderly individuals resulting in annual epidemics of respiratory disease. Currently, limited clinical surveillance and the lack of predictable seasonal dynamics limits the public health response. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has recently been used globally as a key metric in determining prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the community but its application to other respiratory viruses is limited. In this study, we present an integrated genomic WBE approach, applying RT-qPCR and partial G-gene sequencing to track RSV levels and variants in the community. We report increasing detection of RSV in wastewater concomitant with increasing numbers of positive clinical cases. Analysis of wastewater-derived RSV sequences permitted identification of distinct circulating lineages within and between seasons. Altogether, our genomic WBE platform has the potential to complement ongoing global surveillance and aid the management of RSV by informing the timely deployment of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Marina I Reyne
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Pearce Allingham
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Ashley Levickas
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Stephen H Bell
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Jonathan Lock
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Jonathon D Coey
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Stephen Carson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Andrew J Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Cormac McSparron
- Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Elmwood Avenue, Belfast, BT9 6AZ, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Behnam Firoozi Nejad
- Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Elmwood Avenue, Belfast, BT9 6AZ, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - James McKenna
- Regional Virology Lab, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (BHSCT), Royal Victoria Hospital (RVL), 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Mark Shannon
- Regional Virology Lab, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (BHSCT), Royal Victoria Hospital (RVL), 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Kathy Li
- Regional Virology Lab, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (BHSCT), Royal Victoria Hospital (RVL), 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Tanya Curran
- Regional Virology Lab, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (BHSCT), Royal Victoria Hospital (RVL), 274 Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Lindsay J Broadbent
- Section of Virology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, England (UK)
| | - Damian G Downey
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine (WWIEM), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Ultan F Power
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine (WWIEM), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Helen E Groves
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine (WWIEM), School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Jennifer M McKinley
- Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Elmwood Avenue, Belfast, BT9 6AZ, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - John W McGrath
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Connor G G Bamford
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
| | - Deirdre F Gilpin
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (UK)
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Ioakeim-Ioannidou M, Jovany F, Kevin L, Yen-Lin C, Ivana K, Evangelos G, Shizuo M, Shannon M. Low-dose proton radiotherapy for pediatric choroidal hemangioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lu XL, Shannon M, Peng XS, Wong HNC. Stereospecific Iron-Catalyzed Carbon(sp2)–Carbon(sp3) Cross-Coupling with Alkyllithium and Alkenyl Iodides. Org Lett 2019; 21:2546-2549. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mark Shannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Conventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao-Shui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10, Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen 518507, China
| | - Henry N. C. Wong
- Department of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Molecules, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10, Second Yuexing Road, Shenzhen 518507, China
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Jacobs K, Hokenstad E, Hamner J, Park B, Mahal A, Shannon M, Zigman J, Pilkinton M, Sheyn D, Elmer C, Korbly N, Sung V. 04: Patient knowledge and preferences regarding hysterectomy route: A study from the Fellows' Pelvic Research Network. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vey N, Davidson-Moncada J, Uy G, Foster M, Rizzieri D, Godwin J, Topp M, Ciceri F, Carrabba M, Martinelli G, Huls G, Wegener A, Shannon M, Tran K, Sun J, Bonvini E, Löwenberg B, Wigginton J, Dipersio J. Interim results from a phase 1 first-in-human study of flotetuzumab, a CD123 x CD3 bispecific DART molecule, in AML/MDS. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx373.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Federici G, Bachmann C, Biel W, Boccaccini L, Cismondi F, Ciattaglia S, Coleman M, Day C, Diegele E, Franke T, Grattarola M, Hurzlmeier H, Ibarra A, Loving A, Maviglia F, Meszaros B, Morlock C, Rieth M, Shannon M, Taylor N, Tran M, You J, Wenninger R, Zani L. Overview of the design approach and prioritization of R&D activities towards an EU DEMO. Fusion Engineering and Design 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Turner A, Leichtle D, Lamalle P, Levesy B, Meunier L, Polunovskiy E, Sartori R, Shannon M. Shielding optimisation of the ITER ICH&CD antenna for shutdown dose rate. Fusion Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hillairet J, Argouarch A, Bamber R, Beaumont B, Bernard JM, Delaplanche JM, Durodié F, Lamalle P, Lombard G, Nicholls K, Shannon M, Vulliez K, Cantone V, Hatchressian JC, Larroque S, Lebourg P, Martinez A, Mollard P, Mouyon D, Pagano M, Patterlini JC, Rasio S, Soler B, Thouvenin D, Toulouse L, Verger JM, Vigne T, Volpe R. R&D activities on RF contacts for the ITER ion cyclotron resonance heating launcher. Fusion Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shannon M, Capes-Davis A, Eggington E, Georghiou R, Huschtscha LI, Moy E, Power M, Reddel RR, Arthur JW. Is cell culture a risky business? Risk analysis based on scientist survey data. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:664-70. [PMID: 26365214 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture is a technique that requires vigilance from the researcher. Common cell culture problems, including contamination with microorganisms or cells from other cultures, can place the reliability and reproducibility of cell culture work at risk. Here we use survey data, contributed by research scientists based in Australia and New Zealand, to assess common cell culture risks and how these risks are managed in practice. Respondents show that sharing of cell lines between laboratories continues to be widespread. Arrangements for mycoplasma and authentication testing are increasingly in place, although scientists are often uncertain how to perform authentication testing. Additional risks are identified for preparation of frozen stocks, storage and shipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shannon
- CellBank Australia, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Capes-Davis
- CellBank Australia, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Elaine Eggington
- IP Pragmatics Pty Ltd, Level 4, 112 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronnie Georghiou
- IP Pragmatics Pty Ltd, Level 4, 112 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lily I Huschtscha
- Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Elsa Moy
- CellBank Australia, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Melinda Power
- Operations Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger R Reddel
- CellBank Australia, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Cancer Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan W Arthur
- CellBank Australia, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Bioinformatics Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Lafuente A, Fursdon M, Shannon M. Thermo-structural optimization of the ITER ICRH Four Port Junction and Straps against in-vessel design criteria. Fusion Engineering and Design 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a widely studied animal model of human central nervous system demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease involving effector T helper (Th) subsets such as Th and Th7. Recently, Th7 cells have been shown to play a major role in many autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases. The development of Th subsets is controlled by a complex network of cytokines and signaling and transcription molecules that act to augment the development of one cell type while restricting the development of other lineages. Here, we review the transcription factors (TFs) that are required for Th17 cell development in EAE and classify them into three types: major or essential such as RORγt and STAT3, an array of helper factors that work in combination with or regulate the expression of the major factors, and regulatory TFs that attenuate the expression of Th17 genes. The plasticity of the Th17 cell lineage is also discussed in relation to the interaction of TFs that play a major role in the development of other Th or regulatory T cell (Treg) lineages such as T-bet and Foxp3 with the Th17 TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobing Chen
- Gene Expression and Epigenomics Laboratory, Department of Genome Biology, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, 2600 Australia.
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Lamalle P, Beaumont B, Kazarian F, Gassmann T, Agarici G, Ajesh P, Alonzo T, Arambhadiya B, Argouarch A, Bamber R, Berger-By G, Bernard JM, Brun C, Carpentier S, Clairet F, Colas L, Courtois X, Davis A, Dechelle C, Doceul L, Dumortier P, Durodié F, Ferlay F, Firdaouss M, Fredd E, Giacalone JC, Goulding R, Greenough N, Grine D, Hancock D, Hari J, Hillairet J, Hosea J, Huygen S, Jacquinot J, Jacquot J, Kaye A, Keller D, Kyrytsya V, Lockley D, Louche F, Machchhar H, Manon E, Mantel N, Martin R, McCarthy M, Messiaen A, Meunier L, Milanesio D, Missirlian M, Mohan K, Mukherjee A, Nightingale M, Patadia D, Patel A, Perrollaz G, Peters B, Pitts R, Porton M, Rajnish K, Rasmussen D, Rathi D, Sanabria R, Sartori R, Shannon M, Simonetto A, Singh R, Suthar G, Swain D, Thomas P, Tigwell P, Trivedi R, Vervier M, Vrancken M, Wilson D, Winkler K. Status of the ITER Ion Cyclotron H&CD system. Fusion Engineering and Design 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vrancken M, Durodié F, Bamber R, Dalton N, Dumortier P, Graham M, Horvat A, Hancock D, Lockley D, Louche F, Maggiora R, Messiaen A, Milanesio D, Nightingale M, Shannon M, Tigwell P, Van Schoor M, Wilson D, Winkler K, Team C. RF optimisation of the port plug layout and performance assessment of the ITER ICRF antenna. Fusion Engineering and Design 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.02.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hancock D, Shannon M, Beaumont B, Dumortier P, Durodie F, Kyrytsya V, Louche F, McKinley R, Nicholls K. Design of a mechanically actuated RF grounding system for the ITER ICRH antenna. Fusion Engineering and Design 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ferlay F, Bernard J, Dechelle C, L.Doceul, Keller D, Wagrez J, Bamber R, Shannon M. First analysis of remote handling maintenance procedure in the hot cell for the ITER ICH&CD antenna – RVTL replacement. Fusion Engineering and Design 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Aziz N, Sokoloff A, Kornak J, Leva NV, Mendiola ML, Levison J, Feakins C, Shannon M, Cohan D. Time to viral load suppression in antiretroviral-naive and -experienced HIV-infected pregnant women on highly active antiretroviral therapy: implications for pregnant women presenting late in gestation. BJOG 2013; 120:1534-47. [PMID: 23924192 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare time to achieve viral load <400 copies/ml and <1000 copies/ml in HIV-infected antiretroviral (ARV) -naive versus ARV-experienced pregnant women on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Three university medical centers, USA. POPULATION HIV-infected pregnant women initiated or restarted on HAART during pregnancy. METHODS We calculated time to viral load <400 copies/ml and <1000 copies/ml in HIV-infected pregnant women on HAART who reported at least 50% adherence, stratifying based on previous ARV exposure history. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time to HIV viral load <400 copies/ml and <1000 copies/ml. RESULTS We evaluated 138 HIV-infected pregnant women, comprising 76 ARV-naive and 62 ARV-experienced. Ninety-three percent of ARV-naive women achieved a viral load < 400 copies/ml during pregnancy compared with 92% of ARV-experienced women (P = 0.82). The median number of days to achieve a viral load < 400 copies/ml in the ARV-naive cohort was 25.0 (range 3.5-133; interquartile range 16-34) days compared with 27.0 (range 8-162.5; interquartile range 18.5-54.3) days in the ARV-experienced cohort (P = 0.02). In a multiple predictor analysis, women with higher adherence (adjusted relative hazard [aRH] per 10% increase in adherence 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.54, P = 0.01) and receiving a non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) -based regimen (aRH 2.48, 95% CI 1.33-4.63, P = 0.01) were more likely to achieve viral load <400 copies/ml earlier. Increased baseline HIV log10 viral load was associated with a later time of achieving viral load <400 copies/ml (aRH 0.60, 95% CI 0.39-0.92, P = 0.02). In a corresponding model of time to achieve viral load <1000 copies/ml, adherence (aRH per 10% increase in adherence 1.79, 95% CI 1.34-2.39, P < 0.001), receipt of NNRTI (aRH 2.95, 95% CI 1.23-7.06, P = 0.02), and CD4 cell count (aRH per 50 count increase in CD4 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.22, P = 0.01) were associated with an earlier time to achieve viral load below this threshold. Increasing baseline HIV log10 viral load was associated with a longer time of achieving viral load <1000 copies/ml (aRH 0.54, 95% CI 0.34-0.86, P = 0.01). In multiple predictor models, previous ARV exposure was not significantly associated with time to achieve viral load below thresholds of <400 copies/ml and <1000 copies/ml. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women with ≥50% adherence, whether ARV-naive or ARV-experienced, on average achieve a viral load <400 copies/ml within a median of 26 days and a viral load of <1000 copies/ml within a median of 14 days of HAART initiation. Increased adherence, receipt of NNRTI-based regimen and lower baseline HIV log10 viral load were all statistically significant predictors of earlier time to achieve viral load <400 copies/ml and <1000 copies/ml. Increased CD4 count was statistically significant as a predictor of earlier time to achieve viral load <1000 copies/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Li K, Woo C, Mouanoutoua M, Moy B, Langit E, Brzoska P, You X, Desai S, Keys D, Stevens J, Kong B, Shannon M, Chen SM, Ruff D, Li CY, Joun D, Casuga I, Bennett R. Abstract 4218: Validation of the Ion AmpliSeq™ Comprehensive Cancer Panel (CCP) using castPCR™ technologies. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Somatic mutation has been implicated in many aspects of cancer such as susceptibility, diagnosis, prognosis, drug response and tumor progress. Detection of somatic mutation is of wide interest in cancer research. The rapid advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have transformed cancer research. For example, the Ion AmpliSeq™ technology enables the selective amplification of 10s to 1000s of target sequences in a single multiplexed PCR and meshes seamlessly with the Ion semiconductor sequencing platform. The Ion Ampliseq™ Comprehensive Cancer Panel (CCP) provides ready-access to hundreds of genes, making it ideal for broad targeted re-sequencing studies. Alternative technologies are in demand to validate the NGS data orthogonally and screen hundreds or more cancer samples to evaluate mutation patterns, prevalence and frequencies in population. Here, we have demonstrated the utility of TaqMan® Mutation Detection Assays using our competitive allele specific TaqMan® PCR (castPCR™) technology in validation of Ion Torrent sequencing data. In this study, we applied the Ion Ampliseq™ Comprehensive Cancer Panel (CCP) panel to NCI-60 cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, DU-145, PC-3, SK-MEL- 28) derived from breast, prostate, and skin cancers on Ion Torrent PGM sequencer. We confirmed previously reported mutations in these cell lines and identified the mutations that were not reported before, including missense and non-coding mutations. We then selected a subset of mutation targets from the cancer panel for castPCR validation including the genes of KRAS. EGFR, BRAF, NRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, KIT, TP53, and more. Since limited sample quantity has been a challenging issue for most cancer researchers, especially for those who are interested in testing multi-targets by qPCR, we developed a preamplification method to enrich the targets of interest prior to running castPCR assays. We compared the Cq values of on-targets and off-targets from preamplified samples and non-preamplified samples, and the data indicates that our preamplification strategy not only provides roughly100 fold target enrichment but also maintains specificity during the preamplification process. For mutation detection, we showed that the mutation data from castPCR™ and from Ion Torrent PGM sequencer share high concordance for any given mutations. The detailed comparison and analysis will be presented and discussed. Our results demonstrate that castPCR™ technology is a valuable validation tool for next generation sequencing. The combination of Ion Torrent sequencing and castPCR validation empowers cancer researchers to understand the roles that somatic mutation plays in cancer.
Citation Format: Kelly Li, Cora Woo, Mokang Mouanoutoua, Bonnie Moy, Emanuel Langit, Pius Brzoska, Xiaoqing You, Sejal Desai, David Keys, Junko Stevens, Benjamin Kong, Mark Shannon, Shiaw-Min Chen, David Ruff, Chieh-Yuan Li, David Joun, Iris Casuga, Robert Bennett. Validation of the Ion AmpliSeq™ Comprehensive Cancer Panel (CCP) using castPCR™ technologies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4218. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4218
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Li
- 1Life Technologies, Inc., Foster City, CA
| | - Cora Woo
- 1Life Technologies, Inc., Foster City, CA
| | | | - Bonnie Moy
- 1Life Technologies, Inc., Foster City, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - David Keys
- 1Life Technologies, Inc., Foster City, CA
| | | | - Benjamin Kong
- 2Ion Torrent System, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA
| | - Mark Shannon
- 2Ion Torrent System, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA
| | | | - David Ruff
- 2Ion Torrent System, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA
| | - Chieh-Yuan Li
- 2Ion Torrent System, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA
| | - David Joun
- 2Ion Torrent System, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA
| | - Iris Casuga
- 2Ion Torrent System, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA
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Smith V, Tunnicliffe G, Fiorino G, Draper A, Vlahos I, Shannon M, Madden BP. P149 Management Algorithm For Pulmonary Embolism (PE) with Right Heart Strain: A Case Series. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jones SG, Valencia O, Smith EEJ, Shannon M, Jahangiri M. 080 Safety of LMWH for bridging anticoagulation before full warfarinisation in mechanical valves. Heart 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-301877b.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ghaffari M, Huang H, Tan OK, Shannon M. Band gap measurement of SrFeO3−δ by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and photovoltage method. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25751c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zoutman D, Shannon M, Brown K. Effectiveness of a novel ozone and hydrogen peroxide gas-vapour system for the rapid high level disinfection of surfaces and healthcare spaces. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239450 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-o38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
The growth rate of acoustic neuromas was studied in a series of 50 patients who underwent follow-up imaging studies, since surgery was not performed after the initial diagnostic study or only performed after the follow-up studies. In 50% of the cases the tumor did not grow during the length of the follow-up. In the other patients the growth was less than 50% of the original tumor size in all but four. No correlation was observed between tumor growth, length of the follow-up, and age of the patient. Our results suggest a change in the management of this benign tumor.
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Ruff D, MacArthur C, Tran H, Bergseid J, Tian J, Shannon M, Chen SM, Fontes A, Laurent L, Swartzman E, Taliana A, Rao M, Lieu PT. Applications of quantitative polymerase chain reaction protein assays during reprogramming. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:530-8. [PMID: 21476854 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The capability to reprogram human somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has opened a new area of biology and provides unprecedented access to patient-specific iPSCs for drug screening, disease models, and transplantation therapies. Although the process of obtaining iPSC lines is technically simple, reprogramming is a slow and inefficient process consisting of a largely uncharacterized chain of molecular events. To date, researchers have reported a wide range of reprogramming efficiencies, from <0.01% to >1%, depending on the specific reprogramming factors used, the mode of delivery of the reprogramming factors, properties of the starting cells, and culture conditions. We have applied a quantitative polymerase chain reaction methodology, TaqMan Protein Assays to directly quantify the kinetics, and cellular levels of crucial transcription factors during the reprogramming process. Further, we have used the assays to ascertain the threshold levels of reprogramming protein factors required to generate iPSC colonies, to characterize the protein expression signatures of different iPSC lines, and to rapidly identify iPS versus non-iPSC colonies based on expression of pluripotency markers. These data demonstrate that TaqMan Protein Assays can be used as tools to dissect and gain greater understanding of the mechanisms guiding reprogramming and to further characterize individual established iPSC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ruff
- Life Technologies Corporation, Carlsbad, California 92008, USA
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Gillis AJM, Stoop H, Biermann K, van Gurp RJHLM, Swartzman E, Cribbes S, Ferlinz A, Shannon M, Oosterhuis JW, Looijenga LHJ. Expression and interdependencies of pluripotency factors LIN28, OCT3/4, NANOG and SOX2 in human testicular germ cells and tumours of the testis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:e160-74. [PMID: 21631526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OCT3/4, NANOG, SOX2 and, most recently, LIN28 have been identified as key regulators of pluripotency in mammalian embryonic and induced stem cells, and are proven to be crucial for generation of the mouse germ-cell lineage. These factors are a hallmark of certain histological types of germ-cell tumours (GCTs). Here, we report novel information on the temporal and spatial expression pattern of LIN28 during normal human male germ-cell development as well as various types of GCTs. To investigate LIN28 expression, immunohistochemical analyses and quantitative proximity ligation assay-based TaqMan protein assays were applied on snap-frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples as well as representative cell lines. LIN28 was found in primordial germ cells, gonocytes and pre-spermatogonia, in contrast to OCT3/4 and NANOG, which were found only in the first two stages. LIN28 was also found in all precursor lesions (carcinoma in situ and gonadoblastoma) of type II GCTs, as well as the invasive components seminoma and the non-seminomatous elements embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac tumour. Choriocarcinoma showed a heterogeneous pattern, while teratomas and spermatocytic seminomas (type III GCTs) were negative. This expression pattern suggests that LIN28 is associated with malignant behaviour of type II GCTs. Cell line experiments involving siRNA knockdown of LIN28, OCT3/4 and SOX2 showed that LIN28 plays a role in the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of both seminoma and embryonal carcinoma, closely linked to, and likely upstream of OCT3/4 and NANOG. In conclusion, LIN28 regulates the differentiation status of seminoma and embryonal carcinoma and is likely to play a related role in normal human germ-cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J M Gillis
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ghaffari M, Tan PY, Oruc ME, Tan OK, Tse MS, Shannon M. Effect of ball milling on the characteristics of nano structure SrFeO3 powder for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation and its reaction kinetics. Catal Today 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2010.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Swartzman E, Shannon M, Lieu P, Chen SM, Mooney C, Wei E, Kuykendall J, Tan R, Settineri T, Egry L, Ruff D. Expanding applications of protein analysis using proximity ligation and qPCR. Methods 2010; 50:S23-6. [PMID: 20215017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2010.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation of gene and protein expression changes in biological systems has been hampered by the need for separate sample handling and analysis platforms for nucleic acids and proteins. In contrast to the simple, rapid, and flexible workflow of quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods, which enable characterization of several classes of nucleic acid biomarkers (i.e. DNA, mRNA, and microRNAs), protein analysis methods such as Western blotting are cumbersome, laborious, and much less quantitative. However, TaqMan(R) Protein Assays, which use the proximity ligation assay (PLA) technology, now expand the range of qPCR applications to include the direct detection of proteins through the amplification of a surrogate DNA template after antibody binding. Here we describe an integrated qPCR approach for measuring relative changes in gene and protein expression from the same starting sample and on a single analytical platform that pairs TaqMan Gene Expression (GEx) Assays with TaqMan Protein Assays. We have monitored the changes in mRNA, microRNA, and protein expression of relevant biomarkers in the pluripotent human embryonal carcinoma cell line, NTERA2, upon differentiation to neuronal cells. In addition, TaqMan Protein Assays have been used to monitor protein expression in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) that have been reprogrammed from human somatic cells. The data presented establishes a general paradigm utilizing real-time PCR instruments and reagents for studying the relationship between the stem cell transcriptome and proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana Swartzman
- Applied Biosystems, Part of Life Technologies, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
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Looijenga LH, Gillis AJ, Stoop H, Bierman K, Swartzman E, Ferlinz A, Oosterhuis WJ, Shannon M. Abstract 1163: Sensitive and specific detection of clinically relevant proteins in human testicular germ cell tumors using proximity ligation and quantitative PCR. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Human testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most frequent solid cancer in Caucasian males between the ages of 15 and 45 years. In spite of the high success rate of current treatment strategies (surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy), TGCTs are the second leading cause of death in this age group. The initiating event, leading to carcinoma in situ (CIS), occurs during embryonal development, offering a window of opportunity for early detection and intervention, thereby preventing the need for intensive (systemic) treatment. CIS is the malignant counterpart of a primordial germ cell, and can be effectively diagnosed using immunohistochemisty for OCT3/4, NANOG, c-KIT and its ligand (stem cell factor, SCF). In addition, SOX17 and SOX2 are informative for the diagnosis of the invasive components seminoma and embryonal carcinoma. Currently, in a clinical setting, these proteins are detected using predominantly immunohistochemistry, an approach that is labor-intensive and non-quantitative. Here we present data on the detection of these proteins using a novel qPCR-based method, Taqman Protein Expression Assay, which is based on the Proximity Ligation Assay (PLATM) technology. The method was first validated on negative controls and a series of TGCT-derived cell lines with efficient siRNA-induced down-regulation of the targets, an informative system for investigating stem cell regulatory circuits. Subsequently, the assay was further developed to enable analysis of both snap frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. The assays were found to be fast (results in less than 1 day), highly reproducible (SD less than 0.2 CTs), sensitive (able to detect target protein from as few as 10-100 cells, depending on the level of expression of the protein under investigation), and quantitative. Taqman Protein Expression Assays therefore allow the systematic analysis of multiple proteins within a single small sample in a high throughput set up, and offer unique opportunities for sensitive, specific and quantitative protein detection in both experimental and clinical studies.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1163.
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Saunders KJ, Johnston B, Richardson P, Cooper B, Hill AE, Jackson AJ, Magee A, McClelland JF, Shannon M, Wolsley CJ. What can this child see? Practical interpretation of visual acuity (VA) measures for parents and teachers of visually impaired children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2007.00530_9.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ćirić D, Brown D, Challis C, Chuilon B, Cox S, Crowley B, Day I, Edwards D, Evison G, Hackett L, Hotchin S, Hudson Z, Jenkins I, Jones T, King R, Kovari M, Martin D, Milnes J, Parkin A, Puma AL, Shannon M, Stevens A, Stork D, Surrey E, Waldon C, Warren R, Wilson D, Young D, Young I. Overview of the JET neutral beam enhancement project. Fusion Engineering and Design 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bishop L, Dougherty L, Bodenham A, Mansi J, Crowe P, Kibbler C, Shannon M, Treleaven J. Guidelines on the insertion and management of central venous access devices in adults. Int J Lab Hematol 2007; 29:261-78. [PMID: 17617077 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2007.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Central venous access devices are used in many branched of medicine where venous access is required for either long-term or a short-term care. These guidelines review the types of access devices available and make a number of major recommendations. Their respective advantages and disadvantages in various clinical settings are outlined. Patient care prior to, and immediately following insertion is discussed in the context of possible complications and how these are best avoided. There is a section addressing long-term care of in-dwelling devices. Techniques of insertion and removal are reviewed and management of the problems which are most likely to occur following insertion including infection, misplacement and thrombosis are discussed. Care of patients with coagulopathies is addressed and there is a section addressing catheter-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bishop
- Guys and St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
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Villaflor VM, Buckingham L, Gale M, Coon J, Mauer AM, Muzzafar T, Kaiser K, Shannon M, Morrison L, Bonomi P. EGFR mutations (muts), IHC and FISH status, and chromosome 7 gene copy number combined with pAkt expression as potential predictors of survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) treated with gefitinib (GEF). J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.7182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7182 Background: EGFR and pAkt expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), muts, and FISH status have been identified as possible molecular predictors for GEF efficacy in NSCLC (Cappuzzo, et. al, JNCI, 2005). The goal of this study was to independently evaluate these findings regarding survival (surv), and to assess the predictive value of mean chromosome 7 copy number/cell (C7). Methods: 150 consecutive Expanded Access Trial pts with >1 week GEF therapy were included for analysis. IHC (present vs not detected) was performed for 87 pts, and 58 pts were analyzed for muts by SSCP, mut-specific PCR, and sequencing. Tissue from 81 pts was evaluated for EGFR and C7 gene copy numbers by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: 150 pts (77 female, 73 male; median (md) age 67; 85 adenocarcinoma) received GEF; md follow-up was 5.8 months (mo). Overall response was 8% (2 CR, 10 PR); 56 pts had stable disease. Md Kaplan-Meier surv was 5.9 mo. IHC revealed that 47/87 pts (54%) had EGFR+, and 36/75 pts (48%) had pAkt + tumors. pAkt+ pts had significantly (sig) longer surv than pAkt− pts (11.4 vs 5.8 mo, p < .05). High polysomy was seen in 36/81 pts (44%) who were designated FISH+; 45 pts were FISH−. EGFR IHC and FISH positivity were not sig associated with surv. C7 was defined as low (<3.6, 63 pts) or high (≥3.6, 18 pts); md surv was 6.6 and 17.1 mo, respectively, p < .01. Muts were found in 17/58 tumors (29%). Md surv for pts with and without muts was 23.8 and 7.9 mo, respectively, p < .07. EGFR IHC− pAkt− pts (18 pts) had sig shorter surv than 57 pts with any pos value (4.7 vs 8.8 mo, p < .02). Double-positive pts had sig longer surv than pts with any neg value. Conclusions: These findings resemble but do not duplicate those reported by Cappuzzo, et al. Additionally, high C7, alone or combined with pAKT, may be an important predictor for GEF efficacy in NSCLC. Further studies of C7, a technically simple and reproducible FISH assay, are warranted. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- V. M. Villaflor
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Abbott Molecular, Inc., Des Plaines, IL
| | - L. Buckingham
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Abbott Molecular, Inc., Des Plaines, IL
| | - M. Gale
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Abbott Molecular, Inc., Des Plaines, IL
| | - J. Coon
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Abbott Molecular, Inc., Des Plaines, IL
| | - A. M. Mauer
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Abbott Molecular, Inc., Des Plaines, IL
| | - T. Muzzafar
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Abbott Molecular, Inc., Des Plaines, IL
| | - K. Kaiser
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Abbott Molecular, Inc., Des Plaines, IL
| | - M. Shannon
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Abbott Molecular, Inc., Des Plaines, IL
| | - L. Morrison
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Abbott Molecular, Inc., Des Plaines, IL
| | - P. Bonomi
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Abbott Molecular, Inc., Des Plaines, IL
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Brzoska PM, Brown C, Cassel M, Ceccardi T, Di Francisco V, Dubman A, Evans J, Fang R, Harris M, Hoover J, Hu F, Larry C, Li P, Malicdem M, Maltchenko S, Shannon M, Perkins S, Poulter K, Webster-Laig M, Xiao C, Young S, Spier G, Guegler K, Gilbert D, Samaha RR. An efficient and high-throughput approach for experimental validation of novel human gene predictions. Genomics 2006; 87:437-45. [PMID: 16406193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 11/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly automated RT-PCR-based approach has been established to validate novel human gene predictions with no prior experimental evidence of mRNA splicing (ab initio predictions). Ab initio gene predictions were selected for high-throughput validation using predicted protein classification, sequence similarity to other genomes, colocalization with an MPSS tag, or microarray expression. Initial microarray prioritization followed by RT-PCR validation was the most efficient combination, resulting in approximately 35% of the ab initio predictions being validated by RT-PCR. Of the 7252 novel genes that were prioritized and processed, 796 constituted real transcripts. In addition, high-throughput RACE successfully extended the 5' and/or 3' ends of >60% of RT-PCR-validated genes. Reevaluation of these transcripts produced 574 novel transcripts using RefSeq as a reference. RT-PCR sequencing in combination with RACE on ab initio gene predictions could be used to define the transcriptome across all species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pius M Brzoska
- Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Center Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
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Abstract
In today's world the increased potential of terrorist attacks places unique burdens and consequences on health care workers. Hospitals and hospital personnel must now be prepared to react immediately to such events. They must also implement, in advance, policies to protect their own health care personnel while providing care to victims. In this review, we discuss the four major forms of mass casualty terrorism (biological, chemical, nuclear, and thermomechanical) including clinical signs and symptoms for each, the impact on health care personnel, and special considerations for children. We will then outline key principles of hospital preparation with regard to paediatrics in anticipation of such emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chung
- Center for Biopreparedness, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Bittman B, Berk L, Shannon M, Sharaf M, Westengard J, Guegler KJ, Ruff DW. Recreational music-making modulates the human stress response: a preliminary individualized gene expression strategy. Med Sci Monit 2005; 11:BR31-40. [PMID: 15668624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 11/15/2004] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A central component of the complex human biological stress response is the modulation of the neuro-endocrine-immune system with its intricate feedback loops that support homeostatic regulation. Well-documented marked gene expression variability among human and animal subjects coupled with sample collection timing and delayed effects, as well as a host of molecular detection challenges renders the quest for deciphering the human biological stress response challenging from many perspectives. MATERIAL/METHODS A novel Recreational Music-Making (RMM) program was used in combination with a new strategy for peripheral blood gene expression analysis to assess individualized genomic stress induction signatures. The expression of 45 immune response-related genes was determined using a multiplex preamplification step prior to conventional quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) mRNA analysis to characterize the multidimensional biological impact of a 2-phase controlled stress induction/amelioration experimental protocol in 32 randomly assigned individuals. RESULTS In subjects performing the RMM activity following a 1-hour stress induction protocol, 19 out of 45 markers demonstrated reversal with significant (P = 0.05) Pearson correlations in contrast to 6 out of 45 markers in the resting control group and 0 out of 45 in the ongoing stressor group. CONCLUSIONS The resultant amelioration of stress-induced genomic expression supports the underlying premise that RMM warrants additional consideration as a rational choice within our armamentarium of stress reduction strategies. Modulation of individualized genomic stress induction signatures in peripheral blood presents a new opportunity for elucidating the dynamics of the human stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Bittman
- Meadville Medical Center, Mind-Body Wellness Center, Meadville, PA 16335, USA.
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Roque-Biewer M, Shannon M, Hunkapiller K, Fuller A, Bluestone J, Seyfert-Margolis V, Ruff D. Applications and advances in real-time quantitative PCR. Hum Immunol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Foletta VC, Lim MA, Soosairajah J, Kelly AP, Stanley EG, Shannon M, He W, Das S, Massague J, Bernard O, Soosairaiah J. Direct signaling by the BMP type II receptor via the cytoskeletal regulator LIMK1. J Cell Biol 2003; 162:1089-98. [PMID: 12963706 PMCID: PMC2172847 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200212060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate multiple cellular processes, including cell differentiation and migration. Their signals are transduced by the kinase receptors BMPR-I and BMPR-II, leading to Smad transcription factor activation via BMPR-I. LIM kinase (LIMK) 1 is a key regulator of actin dynamics as it phosphorylates and inactivates cofilin, an actin depolymerizing factor. During a search for LIMK1-interacting proteins, we isolated clones encompassing the tail region of BMPR-II. Although the BMPR-II tail is not involved in BMP signaling via Smad proteins, mutations truncating this domain are present in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). Further analysis revealed that the interaction between LIMK1 and BMPR-II inhibited LIMK1's ability to phosphorylate cofilin, which could then be alleviated by addition of BMP4. A BMPR-II mutant containing the smallest COOH-terminal truncation described in PPH failed to bind or inhibit LIMK1. This study identifies the first function of the BMPR-II tail domain and suggests that the deregulation of actin dynamics may contribute to the etiology of PPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Foletta
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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Shannon M, Hamilton AT, Gordon L, Branscomb E, Stubbs L. Differential expansion of zinc-finger transcription factor loci in homologous human and mouse gene clusters. Genome Res 2003; 13:1097-110. [PMID: 12743021 PMCID: PMC403638 DOI: 10.1101/gr.963903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian genomes carry hundreds of Krüppel-type zinc finger (ZNF) genes, most of which reside in familial clusters. ZNF genes encoding Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) motifs are especially prone to this type of tandem organization. Despite their prevalence, little is known about the functions or evolutionary histories of these clustered gene families. Here we describe a homologous pair of human and mouse KRAB-ZNF gene clusters containing 21 human and 10 mouse genes, respectively. Evolutionary analysis uncovered only three pairs of putative orthologs and two cases where a single gene in one species is related to multiple genes in the other; several human genes have no obvious homolog in mouse. We deduce that duplication and loss of ancestral cluster members occurred independently in the primate and rodent lineages after divergence, yielding substantially different ZNF gene repertoires in humans and mice. Differences in expression patterns and sequence divergence within the DNA binding regions of predicted proteins suggest that the duplicated genes have acquired novel functions over evolutionary time. Since KRAB-ZNF proteins are predicted to function as transcriptional regulators, the elaboration of new lineage-specific genes in this and other clustered ZNF families is likely to have had a significant impact on species-specific aspects of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shannon
- Genome Biology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shannon
- Regional Center for Poison Control and Prevention Serving Massachusetts and Rhode Island, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Brown KS, Levitt DJ, Shannon M, Link BK. Phase II trial of Remitogen (humanized 1D10) monoclonal antibody targeting class II in patients with relapsed low-grade or follicular lymphoma. Clin Lymphoma 2001; 2:188-90. [PMID: 11779298 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2001.n.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K S Brown
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Internal Medicine and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, USA
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Abstract
CONTEXT Cisapride, an oral prokinetic drug indicated for the symptomatic treatment of nocturnal heartburn due to gastroesophageal reflux disease, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in July 1993. After reports of serious cardiac arrhythmias and deaths during administration of cisapride, most involving concomitant exposure to another drug, a series of label changes and warnings were issued in February 1995, October 1995, June 1998, and June 1999. Cisapride was removed from general distribution in July 2000. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of contraindicted coprescribing and codispensings, in which cisapride and a contraindicated drug were prescribed or dispensed to the same patient for overlapping periods, and the proportion of contraindicated coprescribing by the same physicians and codispensing by the same pharmacies. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective study of prescription claims from a managed care organization database for all patients with cisapride prescriptions between July 1993 and December 1998. PARTICIPANTS A total of 38 757 adult and pediatric patients who had a cisapride prescription immediately preceded by at least 60 days of insurance eligibility. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Proportion of cisapride prescriptions or dispensing occurring during the same treatment period as a drug contraindicated at that time prescribed by the same physicians or dispensed by the same pharmacies. RESULTS Of 131 485 cisapride prescriptions dispensed after the warnings began, 4414 (3.4%) overlapped with at least 1 drug contraindicated in the labeling at the time of the prescription. Of all overlapping prescription pairs, 2190 (50%) were by the same physicians, 3908 (89%) were by the same pharmacies, and 765 (17%) were dispensed on the same day. CONCLUSION Prescriptions dispensed by the same pharmacies accounted for a far higher proportion of contraindicated medication pairs than prescriptions from the same physicians. The pharmacy may be an important and underutilized intervention point to prevent contraindicated drugs from being used together.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Jones
- Director of Research, The Degge Group, Ltd, 1616 N Fort Myer Dr, No. 1430, Arlington, VA 22209, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the rate of acetaminophen related nephrotoxicity in adolescents who present after acute severe acetaminophen intoxication and to identify potential predictors of this outcome. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients between the ages of 12 and 18 years who were admitted at a tertiary care children's hospital for treatment of acute severe acetaminophen intoxication with N-acetylcysteine. The main outcome measure was the frequency of acetaminophen-related nephrotoxicity, defined as abnormal blood urea nitrogen (>6.4 mmol/L or > 18 mg/dL) and/or elevated creatinine (97.2 micromol/L or > 1.1 mg/dL) in association with one or both of the following: elevated blood pressure (systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg/diastolic blood pressure >85) or abnormal urinalysis (urinalysis with hematuria or proteinuria). Statistical analyses used were measures of central tendency, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney, and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Fourty-five patients were included. Acetaminophen-related nephrotoxicity occurred in 4 (8.9%) cases. One victim developed severe renal injury in association with elevated hepatic transaminases. Intergroup analyses revealed no statistically significant association between acetaminophen-related nephrotoxicity and amount/kg of acute severe acetaminophen ingested, delay in treatment with N-acetylcysteine, or measures of hepaticfunction. CONCLUSIONS Acetaminophen-related nephrotoxicity occurred in 8.9% [95% CI: 4.52, 20.48] of children with severe overdose. There are no obvious predictors of this complication of acetaminophen overdose. Because the occurrence of renal injury can not be predicted, serial blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine, and urinalysis should be considered an integral part of the management of children with acute, severe acetaminophen intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Boutis
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Boyer EW, Quang L, Woolf A, Shannon M. Use of physostigmine in the management of gamma-hydroxybutyrate overdose. Ann Emerg Med 2001; 38:346; author reply 347-8. [PMID: 11524662 DOI: 10.1067/mem.2001.117502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Shannon M. The Ellenhorn Award: Introduction of Dr. Frederick Lovejoy. Vet Hum Toxicol 2001; 43:112. [PMID: 11450634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Taylor AH, Shannon M, Whitehouse SL, Lee MB, Learmonth ID. Harris Galante cementless acetabular replacement in avascular necrosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2001; 83:177-82. [PMID: 11284560 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.83b2.11419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
We describe the results of 76 total arthroplasties of the hip for stage-III or stage-IV avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Harris Galante Porous cups were used in 63 patients between 1986 and 1994 and followed prospectively. We reviewed 70 hips with a follow-up of more than five years (mean 7.6). At the latest review the mean Harris Hip Score had improved from a preoperative value of 29 +/- 14.7 to 94 +/- 6.8. Radiologically, there was no evidence of acetabular migration. The rate of revision for the femoral component was 8.6%, three being undertaken for loosening and three to allow downsizing of the femoral head. The rate of revision for the acetabular component was 7.1% (five cups). At the time of revision none of the cups was clinically loose, and only required the liner to be changed. The rate of complications was low with no case of deep infection or dislocation, but nine of the 76 hips (11.8%) showed grade-III heterotopic ossification. Previous studies of patients undergoing cemented total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of advanced avascular necrosis have indicated a high incidence of loosening of the acetabular component. Our findings show good medium-term results using the Harris Galante Porous cup for acetabular reconstruction, together with a variety of cemented femoral components, for the treatment of this difficult problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Taylor
- Winford Hospital and Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Bristol, England, UK
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Abstract
Evidence for the remarkable conservation of mammalian genomes, in both content and organization of resident genes, is rapidly emerging from comparative mapping studies. The frequent occurrence of familial gene clustering, presumably reflecting a history of tandem in situ duplications starting from a single ancestral gene, is also apparent from these analyses. Genes encoding Kruppel-type zinc-finger (ZNF) proteins, including those containing Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) motifs, are particularly prone to such clustered organization. Existing data suggest that genes in KRAB-ZNF gene clusters have diverged in sequence and expression patterns, possibly yielding families of proteins with distinct, yet related, functions. Comparative mapping studies indicate that at least some of the genes within these clusters in mammals were elaborated prior to the divergence of mammalian orders and, subsequently, have been conserved. These data suggest a possible role for these tandem KRAB-ZNF gene families in mammalian evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shannon
- Life Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN 37831-8077, USA.
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