1
|
O'Donovan B, Kirke C, Pate M, McHugh S, Bennett K, Cahir C. Mapping the Theoretical Domain Framework to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research: do multiple frameworks add value? Implement Sci Commun 2023; 4:100. [PMID: 37620981 PMCID: PMC10464139 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implementation researchers often combine the Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF) and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) in their studies. However there is some debate on the merits of using multiple frameworks-whether they contribute to results or provide superfluous analysis. Our recent research combined the TDF and CFIR to identify determinants to widespread incorporation of patient held medication lists (PHML) in healthcare practice. The aim of this report is to provide guidance on the use of the TDF and CFIR; by assessing the degree of overlap between the two frameworks in their application to interviews about PHML. METHODS Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals (HCPs) and non HCPs (people taking multiple medicines and caregivers).Interview data were transcribed and analysed using the TDF and CFIR. Within paired domains substantial intersection/overlap across constructs and domains within the two frameworks was classified as > 75% of coding references, consistent intersection/overlap was defined as > 50% and ≤ 75%, average intersection/overlap was defined as ≤ 50% and > 25% and non-substantial intersection/overlap was classified as ≤ 25% of coding references. RESULTS Interview data were collected from 39 participants - 21 HCPs and 18 non HCPs. Mapping of TDF domains to CFIR domains/constructs identified key determinants in six TDF domains: Environmental context & resources, Beliefs about capabilities, Beliefs about consequences, Social influences, Behavioural regulation and Social/professional role & identity; and five CFIR domains: Intervention Characteristics, Outer Setting, Inner Setting, Characteristics of Individual and Process. A pattern of substantial intersection/overlap in coding emerged with broad TDF domains such as Environmental context & resources often linked to well-defined CFIR domains and constructs (e.g. design quality & packaging within Intervention Characteristics). Broad CFIR constructs such as knowledge & beliefs about intervention within Characteristics of Individuals also linked to more descriptive TDF domains like Beliefs about capabilities. In addition there was some unexpected non-substantial intersection/overlap in coding with the TDF domain Social influences less frequently linked to the CFIR Inner Setting domain and constructs such as networks and communications. CONCLUSIONS Identifying intersections/overlaps in coding between CFIR and TDF can assist interpretation of findings in implementation research. The strengths of each framework were exploited in a reciprocal process which provided more information to broad/poorly defined domains and enabled identification of implementation determinants and innovation determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B O'Donovan
- Data Science Centre, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - C Kirke
- Quality Improvement Division, Health Service Executive (HSE), Medication Safety, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Pate
- Quality Improvement Division, Health Service Executive (HSE), Medication Safety, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S McHugh
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - K Bennett
- Data Science Centre, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Cahir
- Data Science Centre, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
O'Donovan B, Kirke C, Pate M, McHugh S, Bennett K, Cahir C. 145 ASSESSING MEDICINE LISTS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY WITH MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Multimorbidity and polypharmacy often result in numerous interactions with different Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) and many transitions of care. Keeping up-to-date medications list in people taking medicines and/or carers can reduce medication errors at care transitions. The HSE National Quality Improvement team is working on a national medication safety campaign which encourages people to keep lists. However, there is limited information about perceptions of Patient-Held Medication Lists (PHML) in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to examine attitudes to PHML among people taking/managing multiple medicines, HCPs; and how lists are used in practice.
Methods
Purposive sampling was employed and recruitment through relevant organisations, social media and snowballing methods. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 39 people; HCPs (N=21), patients/caregivers (N=18). Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed with behavioural frameworks - the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).
Results
Three core themes were identified: Attitudes to PHML; Function and preferred features of PHML and Barriers and facilitators to future use of PHML. All participants thought keeping medication lists had benefits for both people and HCPs (e.g. empowering, improving adherence). All who were taking medicines used lists and found them useful in particular situations (e.g. emergencies). However, HCPs and patient/caregiver groups expressed concerns about their accuracy. It was felt that some individuals may have difficulties keeping an accurate PHML (e.g. older adults, on multiple/changing medications). The participants also differed on the level of detail that should be included in PHMLs. Most patients favoured simple lists but HCPs reported the lack of detailed information in PHML may be an issue.
Conclusion
Common concerns about the accuracy of PHML and diverging opinions on list content need to be addressed. Health promotion strategies which focus on promotion of lists by key HCPs and provide people with a variety of list options could increase the wider implementation of PHMLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B O'Donovan
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Kirke
- National Quality Improvement team, Health Service Executive , Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Pate
- National Quality Improvement team, Health Service Executive , Dublin, Ireland
| | - S McHugh
- University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
| | - K Bennett
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Cahir
- Royal College of Surgeons Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khwatenge CN, Pate M, Miller LC, Sang Y. Immunometabolic Dysregulation at the Intersection of Obesity and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732913. [PMID: 34737743 PMCID: PMC8560738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevails worldwide to an increasing effect. For example, up to 42% of American adults are considered obese. Obese individuals are prone to a variety of complications of metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Recent meta-analyses of clinical studies in patient cohorts in the ongoing coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic indicate that the presence of obesity and relevant disorders is linked to a more severe prognosis of COVID-19. Given the significance of obesity in COVID-19 progression, we provide a review of host metabolic and immune responses in the immunometabolic dysregulation exaggerated by obesity and the viral infection that develops into a severe course of COVID-19. Moreover, sequela studies of individuals 6 months after having COVID-19 show a higher risk of metabolic comorbidities including obesity, diabetes, and kidney disease. These collectively implicate an inter-systemic dimension to understanding the association between obesity and COVID-19 and suggest an interdisciplinary intervention for relief of obesity-COVID-19 complications beyond the phase of acute infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Collins N Khwatenge
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Marquette Pate
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Laura C Miller
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Yongming Sang
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Papić B, Golob M, Kušar D, Pate M, Zdovc I. Source tracking on a dairy farm reveals a high occurrence of subclinical mastitis due to hypervirulent Listeria monocytogenes clonal complexes. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1349-1361. [PMID: 31432571 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS An extensive source investigation was conducted on a dairy farm with neurolisteriosis and subclinical mastitis cases to identify infection source and potential transmission routes of Listeria monocytogenes. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 36 L. monocytogenes isolates were obtained from animal clinical cases (neurolisteriosis and udder infection) and the farm environment (silage, faeces, water). Isolates were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Their virulence potential was assessed using the gentamicin protection assay and WGS-based identification of virulence genes. PFGE and WGS revealed a high genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes. An epidemiological link was confirmed for isolates from (i) several subclinical mastitis cases, (ii) silage and subclinical mastitis cases and (iii) different water sources. The neurolisteriosis isolate belonged to clonal complex (CC) 1, but infection source was not identified. A high occurrence (9/47 cows; 19·1%) of subclinical mastitis was observed with isolates belonging to CC2, CC4 and CC11. CONCLUSIONS The dairy farm environment was contaminated with diverse L. monocytogenes strains, including genotypes associated with human disease. Several isolates harboured genetic determinants associated with increased infectious potential in humans. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Results suggest that subclinical listerial mastitis should not be neglected as a potential source of milk contamination. The presence of hypervirulent CCs in subclinical mastitis cases calls for the implementation of improved mastitis detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Papić
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Golob
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - D Kušar
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Pate
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I Zdovc
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vercruysse CMC, Thomas L, Pate M, Ann Priester M. CUMULATIVE ADVERSITY AMONG OLDER HOMELESS AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN: PROGRAM IMPLICATIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C M C Vercruysse
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
| | - L Thomas
- Associate Professor of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte NC, USA
| | - M Pate
- University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pastor D, Jones A, Arms T, Pate M, Tilley D, Saypol B. THE RUBBER MEETS THE ROAD: INTERACTIVE THEATER TO PROMOTE DRIVING SAFETY FOR PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D.K. Pastor
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - A.L. Jones
- North Carolina Nurses Association, Raleigh, North Carolina,
| | - T. Arms
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina
| | - M. Pate
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina,
| | - D. Tilley
- North Carolina Nurses Association, Raleigh, North Carolina,
| | - B. Saypol
- Alzheimers North Carolina, Wilmington, North Carolina,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kušar D, Zajc U, Jenčič V, Ocepek M, Higgins J, Žolnir-Dovč M, Pate M. Mycobacteria in aquarium fish: results of a 3-year survey indicate caution required in handling pet-shop fish. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:773-784. [PMID: 27747884 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fish are commonly infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), which should be regarded as potential pathogens when handling aquarium fish and equipment. This study examined 107 aquarium fish from pet shops. Cultivation of the fish samples using different selective media was conducted for identification of NTM. Isolates were identified using the GenoType Mycobacterium common mycobacteria and additional species assays, sequencing of the 16S rRNA and rpoB genes, and real-time PCR assay for identification of Mycobacterium (M.) marinum. Among the investigated fish, 79.4% (85/107) were positive for mycobacteria, with 8.2% (7 of 85) having two mycobacterial species present. Among the positive fish, the common pathogens M. marinum, Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum group) and Mycobacterium chelonae were identified in approx. 90% of fish and other NTM species in 10%, including Mycobacterium peregrinum/septicum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium arupense, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium setense. The well-known human pathogen M. marinum was present in 10.6% of the positive fish (9 of 85). The species of mycobacteria identified in the study are not only recognized as aquarium fish pathogens, but can also cause pathology in humans. Microbiological and clinical communities should therefore be sensitized to the role of NTM in infections associated with exposure to aquarium fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Kušar
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - U Zajc
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V Jenčič
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Ocepek
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Higgins
- Mycobacteria and Brucella Section, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS), Ames, IA, USA
| | - M Žolnir-Dovč
- National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - M Pate
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jenčič V, Zajc U, Kušar D, Ocepek M, Pate M. A survey on Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae infections in Slovene fresh waters. J Fish Dis 2014; 37:711-7. [PMID: 23941273 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Slovenia has no history of health problems related to proliferative kidney disease (PKD) either in farmed or in wild fish. However, due to the past molecular evidence for the presence of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae DNA in tissues of some fish from open waters, a survey was conducted on wild salmonids that were primarily sampled for other purposes. In winter 2010-2011, specimens from a total of 244 rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and brown trout, Salmo trutta L., from 30 bodies of fresh water were examined for T. bryosalmonae using a PCR method. The sampled fish showed no clinical signs or gross pathological lesions characteristic of PKD. Nineteen (7.8%) fish from seven (23.3%) fresh waters were positive for T. bryosalmonae. The identity of PCR amplicons was confirmed by sequencing. With one exception, all the positive fish were found in waters from the regions where the average yearly temperatures and the environmental pollution are higher. This preliminary countrywide survey provided the first insight into the situation regarding T. bryosalmonae infection of wild salmonids in Slovenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Jenčič
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zelenik K, Avberšek J, Pate M, Lušicky M, Krt B, Ocepek M, Zdovc I. Cutaneous Listeriosis in a Veterinarian with the Evidence of Zoonotic Transmission - A Case Report. Zoonoses Public Health 2013; 61:238-41. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Zelenik
- Institute of Public Health Maribor; Maribor Slovenia
| | - J. Avberšek
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - M. Pate
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - M. Lušicky
- Institute of Public Health Maribor; Maribor Slovenia
| | - B. Krt
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - M. Ocepek
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - I. Zdovc
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology; Veterinary Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pate M, Kušar D, Žolnir-Dovč M, Ocepek M. MIRU–VNTR typing of Mycobacterium avium in animals and humans: Heterogeneity of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis versus homogeneity of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium strains. Res Vet Sci 2011; 91:376-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
11
|
Pate M, Svara T, Gombac M, Paller T, Zolnir-Dovc M, Emersic I, Prodinger WM, Bartos M, Zdovc I, Krt B, Pavlik I, Cvetnić Z, Pogacnik M, Ocepek M. Outbreak of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium caprae in a zoological garden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 53:387-92. [PMID: 17010043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.01000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the autumn of 2004, tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium caprae occurred in a zoo in Slovenia. A dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) was killed after a history of progressive emaciation. Necropsy findings indicated disseminated tuberculosis, which was confirmed by cultivation of M. caprae. Consequently, a tuberculin skin test was performed in all epidemiologically linked animals and another dromedary camel and six bison (Bison bison) were positive and killed. Mycobacterium caprae was isolated from two bison while M. scrofulaceum and Mycobacterium spp. were found in two other bison, respectively. The second dromedary camel was found to be negative for mycobacteria under both microscopic and culture tests. The isolates were investigated with commercial identification kits, IS6110 PCR, IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units typing. Genotyping results revealed that the dromedary camel and the two bison were infected by the same M. caprae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pate
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Vetinary Faculty, Gerbiceva, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zdovc I, Ocepek M, Gruntar I, Pate M, Klobucar I, Krt B. Prevalence of Taylorella equigenitalis infection in stallions in Slovenia: bacteriology compared with PCR examination. Equine Vet J 2005; 37:217-21. [PMID: 15892229 DOI: 10.2746/0425164054530696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The prevalence of Taylorella equigenitalis infection in Slovenia is unknown and methods used to refine identification in these stallions are required. HYPOTHESIS In diagnosis of T. equigenitalis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) would have advantages over culture methods, especially in cases where small numbers of causal agent or intensive contamination of genital swabs are involved. METHODS Culture method and PCR were used to examine a total of 980 genital swabs from the urethra and fossa urethralis of 245 stallions for the presence of the contagious equine metritis organism. RESULTS Among 245 examined stallions, 225 (91.8%) were negative to T. equigenitalis by both methods. From the swabs of 17 stallions (6.9%) T. equigenitalis was isolated at first and/or second sampling. Swabs of 3 (13%) stallions were PCR positive but the isolation of T. equigenitalis failed. The rate of T. equigenitalis detection was higher with PCR than with the classic bacteriological examination. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE PCR protocol used in this study provided a specific, sensitive, and simple tool for rapid detection of T. equigenitalis. PCR is especially valuable in cases of intensive bacterial and fungal contamination of swabs where the isolation of T. equigenitalis usually fails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Zdovc
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pate M, Jencic V, Zolnir-Dovc M, Ocepek M. Detection of mycobacteria in aquarium fish in Slovenia by culture and molecular methods. Dis Aquat Org 2005; 64:29-35. [PMID: 15900685 DOI: 10.3354/dao064029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-five aquarium fish were investigated for the presence of mycobacteria by culture and molecular methods. The following species were examined: goldfish Carassius auratus auratus, guppy Poecilia reticulata, 4 three-spot gourami Trichogaster trichopterus, dwarf gourami Colisa lalia, Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens, freshwater angelfish Pterophyllum scalare, African cichlid fish Cichlidae spp., cichlid fish Microgeophagus altispinosus, cichlid fish Pseudotropheus lombardoi, blue streak hap Labidochromis caeruleus, sterlet Acipenser ruthenus, southern platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus, and catfish Corydoras spp. Isolates of mycobacteria were obtained in 29 cases (82.9%). Two specimens were positive using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, but the cultivation failed. Four specimens were both ZN- and culture-negative. On the basis of GenoType Mycobacterium assay (Hain Life-science) and restriction enzyme analysis of the amplified products (PCR-RFLP), 23 isolates (79.3%) were identified: 7 as Mycobacterium fortuitum, 6 as M. gordonae, 6 as M. marinum, 3 as M. chelonae, and 1 as M. peregrinum. Five isolates remained unidentified (Mycobacterium spp.). One case probably represented a mixed infection (M. marinum/M. fortuitum). Since M. marinum infections are also detected in humans, the significance of mycobacteria in aquarium fish should not be overlooked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pate
- Veterinary Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Malovrh T, Pate M, Ocepek M, Krt B. Comparison of agar gel immunodiffusion test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR in diagnostics of enzootic bovine leukosis. VET GLASNIK 2005. [DOI: 10.2298/vetgl0504363m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that induces a chronic infection in cattle. Once infected, cattle remain virus carriers for life and start to show an antibody response within a few weeks after infection. Eradication and control of the disease are based on early diagnostics and segregation of the carriers. The choice of a diagnostic method depends on the eradication programme, money resources and characteristics of the herd to be analysed. The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test has been the serological test of choice for routine diagnosis of serum samples. Nevertheless, in more recent years, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has replaced the AGID for large scale testing. For this purpose, commercially available BLV-ELISA kits were compared to the AGID and to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method performed with two sets of primers, amplifying env region. The ELISA kit based on the p24 core protein was found to be less specific and served as a screening test. The ELISA kit based on the envelope glycoprotein (gpSI) served as a verification test and gave a good correlation with the AGID test and PCR method. However, ELISA showed a higher sensitivity than AGID. The p24 based ELiSA was useful for screening a large number of samples, whereas gp51 based ELISA, AGID and PCR were more important for detecting the antibody response against the individual BLV-proteins and therefore for verification of the infection with BLV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Malovrh
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary faculty, Ljubljana
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Rhodococcus equi is generally thought to be non-haemolytic although some earlier investigations reported minor haemolytic activity. A case of a haemolytic R. equi isolate from a swine lymph node with granulomatous lesions is described. This is a new contribution to knowledge of the cultural properties of R. equi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pate
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 1115 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|