1
|
Flory M, Elsayes KM, Kielar A, Harmath C, Dillman JR, Shehata M, Horvat N, Minervini M, Marks R, Kamaya A, Borhani AA. Congestive Hepatopathy: Pathophysiology, Workup, and Imaging Findings with Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics 2024; 44:e230121. [PMID: 38602867 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Liver congestion is increasingly encountered in clinical practice and presents diagnostic pitfalls of which radiologists must be aware. The complex altered hemodynamics associated with liver congestion leads to diffuse parenchymal changes and the development of benign and malignant nodules. Distinguishing commonly encountered benign hypervascular lesions, such as focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)-like nodules, from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be challenging due to overlapping imaging features. FNH-like lesions enhance during the hepatic arterial phase and remain isoenhancing relative to the background liver parenchyma but infrequently appear to wash out at delayed phase imaging, similar to what might be seen with HCC. Heterogeneity, presence of an enhancing capsule, washout during the portal venous phase, intermediate signal intensity at T2-weighted imaging, restricted diffusion, and lack of uptake at hepatobiliary phase imaging point toward the diagnosis of HCC, although these features are not sensitive individually. It is important to emphasize that the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) algorithm cannot be applied in congested livers since major LI-RADS features lack specificity in distinguishing HCC from benign hypervascular lesions in this population. Also, the morphologic changes and increased liver stiffness caused by congestion make the imaging diagnosis of cirrhosis difficult. The authors discuss the complex liver macro- and microhemodynamics underlying liver congestion; propose a more inclusive approach to and conceptualization of liver congestion; describe the pathophysiology of liver congestion, hepatocellular injury, and the development of benign and malignant nodules; review the imaging findings and mimics of liver congestion and hypervascular lesions; and present a diagnostic algorithm for approaching hypervascular liver lesions. ©RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Flory
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Body Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, H1307, Stanford, CA 94305 (M.F., A. Kamaya); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.E.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A. Kielar, M.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.M.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (A.A.B.)
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Body Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, H1307, Stanford, CA 94305 (M.F., A. Kamaya); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.E.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A. Kielar, M.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.M.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (A.A.B.)
| | - Ania Kielar
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Body Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, H1307, Stanford, CA 94305 (M.F., A. Kamaya); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.E.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A. Kielar, M.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.M.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (A.A.B.)
| | - Carla Harmath
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Body Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, H1307, Stanford, CA 94305 (M.F., A. Kamaya); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.E.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A. Kielar, M.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.M.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (A.A.B.)
| | - Jonathan R Dillman
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Body Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, H1307, Stanford, CA 94305 (M.F., A. Kamaya); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.E.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A. Kielar, M.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.M.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (A.A.B.)
| | - Mostafa Shehata
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Body Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, H1307, Stanford, CA 94305 (M.F., A. Kamaya); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.E.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A. Kielar, M.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.M.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (A.A.B.)
| | - Natally Horvat
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Body Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, H1307, Stanford, CA 94305 (M.F., A. Kamaya); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.E.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A. Kielar, M.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.M.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (A.A.B.)
| | - Marta Minervini
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Body Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, H1307, Stanford, CA 94305 (M.F., A. Kamaya); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.E.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A. Kielar, M.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.M.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (A.A.B.)
| | - Robert Marks
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Body Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, H1307, Stanford, CA 94305 (M.F., A. Kamaya); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.E.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A. Kielar, M.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.M.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (A.A.B.)
| | - Aya Kamaya
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Body Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, H1307, Stanford, CA 94305 (M.F., A. Kamaya); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.E.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A. Kielar, M.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.M.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (A.A.B.)
| | - Amir A Borhani
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Body Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, H1307, Stanford, CA 94305 (M.F., A. Kamaya); Department of Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (K.E.); Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A. Kielar, M.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill (C.H.); Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (J.R.D.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (N.H.); Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (M.M.); Department of Radiology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, Calif (R.M.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (A.A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
King DA, Smith AR, Pineda G, Nakano M, Michelini F, Goedegebuure SP, Thyparambil S, Liao WL, McCormick A, Ju J, Cioffi M, Zhang X, Hundal J, Griffith M, Grandori C, Pollastro M, Rosati R, Margossian A, Chatterjee P, Ainge T, Flory M, Ocampo P, Chen LM, Poultsides GA, Baron AD, Chang DT, Herman JM, Gillanders WE, Park H, Hoos WA, Nichols M, Fisher GA, Kuo CJ. Complete Remission of Widely Metastatic Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Amplified Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma After Precision Immune and Targeted Therapy With Description of Sequencing and Organoid Correlates. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2100489. [PMID: 37079860 PMCID: PMC10309581 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. King
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute and Feinstein Institute of Research, Lake Success, NY
| | | | | | - Michitaka Nakano
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - S. Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Aaron McCormick
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jihang Ju
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Jasreet Hundal
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Malachi Griffith
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marta Flory
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Paolo Ocampo
- Personalized Healthcare, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Lee-may Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - George A. Poultsides
- Department of Surgery, Section of Surgical Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ari D. Baron
- Division of Hematology Oncology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel T. Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA
| | - Joseph M. Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY
| | - William E. Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Haeseong Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim SY, Theunissen JW, Balibalos J, Liao-Chan S, Babcock MC, Wong T, Cairns B, Gonzalez D, van der Horst EH, Perez M, Levashova Z, Chinn L, D'Alessio JA, Flory M, Bermudez A, Jackson DY, Ha E, Monteon J, Bruhns MF, Chen G, Migone TS. A novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting SAIL for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e316. [PMID: 26024286 PMCID: PMC4476018 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several new therapeutic approaches have improved outcomes in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, unmet need persists in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Here we describe the proteomic identification of a novel cancer target, SAIL (Surface Antigen In Leukemia), whose expression is observed in AML, MM, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). While SAIL is widely expressed in CLL, AML, MM, DLBCL and FL patient samples, expression in cancer cell lines is mostly limited to cells of AML origin. We evaluated the antitumor activity of anti-SAIL monoclonal antibodies, 7-1C and 67-7A, conjugated to monomethyl auristatin F. Following internalization, anti-SAIL antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) exhibited subnanomolar IC50 values against AML cell lines in vitro. In pharmacology studies employing AML cell line xenografts, anti-SAIL ADCs resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition. The restricted expression profile of this target in normal tissues, the high prevalence in different types of hematologic cancers and the observed preclinical activity support the clinical development of SAIL-targeted ADCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Department of Biology, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - J-W Theunissen
- Department of Biology, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - J Balibalos
- Department of Biology, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - S Liao-Chan
- Department of Biology, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - M C Babcock
- Department of Biology, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - T Wong
- Department of Biology, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - B Cairns
- Department of Preclinical Development, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - D Gonzalez
- Department of Preclinical Development, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - E H van der Horst
- Department of Preclinical Development, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - M Perez
- Department of Preclinical Development, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - Z Levashova
- Department of Preclinical Development, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - L Chinn
- Department of Preclinical Development, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - J A D'Alessio
- Department of Biology, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - M Flory
- Department of Biology, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - A Bermudez
- Department of Biology, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - D Y Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - E Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - J Monteon
- Department of Process Development, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - M F Bruhns
- Department of Process Development, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - G Chen
- Department of Biology, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - T-S Migone
- Department of Biology, Igenica Biotherapeutics, Burlingame, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|