Central venous catheter (CVC) salvage in case of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI): A monocentric prospective study in patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN)

BACKGROUND & AIMS

CLABSI is a major complication in HPN and frequently leads to central venous catheter (CVC) removal. We developed a salvaging attitude in long term HPN patients due to the necessity of venous preservation. The main objective of this study is to determine the prognosis of CLABSI.

METHODS

We followed-up for three months, in an approved HPN centre, a cohort of 250 adult patients receiving HPN with CLABSI from 2018 to 2020. CLABSI was defined by a blood culture growth differential [peripheral blood] - [CVC blood] ≥ 2h. A therapeutic approach to conserve CVC was established according to the department's protocol. The primary endpoint was conservation of CVC with negative CVC and peripheral blood cultures at 3 months without complications.

RESULTS

Data from 30 CLABSIs were collected for 22 HPN patients. The incidence rate of CLABSIs was 0.28 infections/1000 catheter days. Sixteen CVCs were removed immediately, with causes due to the type of germ (staphylococcus aureus: n = 6, candida parapsilosis: n = 4, klebsiella: n = 2), chronic colonization (n = 4) or initial complications (n = 4). Among the 14 non-removed CVC, 11 were maintained at 3 months with blood cultures on CVC and peripheral negative for 9 (80%) of them. 3 CVC were removed during the 3 months follow-up (non-CVC-related sepsis n = 2, and resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa n = 1).

CONCLUSION

The incidence rate of CLABSIs in an expert HPN centre remains low. In case of CLABSIs, according to specific protocol, approximately 50% of CVC were removed immediately (essentially due to bacteriological characteristics). In case of CLABSIs and without initial complication, 80% of CVCs can be maintained at 3 months. These results justify a conservative attitude according to standardized protocol.

Identification of demyelinating lesions and application of McDonald criteria when confronted with white matter lesions on brain MRI

INTRODUCTION

White matter lesions (WML) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are common in clinical practice. When analyzing WML, radiologists sometimes propose a pathophysiological mechanism to explain the observed MRI abnormalities, which can be a source of anxiety for patients. In some cases, discordance may appear between the patient's clinical symptoms and the identification of the MRI-appearing WML, leading to extensive diagnostic work-up. To avoid misdiagnosis, the analysis of WML should be standardized, and a consensual MRI reading approach is needed.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the MRI WML identification process, associated diagnosis approach, and misinterpretations in physicians involved in WML routine practice.

METHODS

Through a survey distributed online to practitioners involved in WML diagnostic work-up, we described the leading causes of MRI expertise misdiagnosis and associated factors: clinical experience, physicians' subspecialty and location of practice, and type of device used to complete the survey. The survey consisted of sixteen T2-weighted images MRI analysis, from which ten were guided (binary response to lesion location identification), four were not shown (multiple possible answers), and two were associated with dissemination in space (DIS) McDonald criteria application. Two independent, experienced practitioners determined the correct answers before the participants' completion.

RESULTS

In total, 364 participants from the French Neuro Radiological (SFNR), French Neurological (SFN), and French Multiple Sclerosis (SFSEP) societies completed the survey entirely. According to lesion identification, 34.3% and 16.9% of the participants correctly identified juxtacortical and periventricular lesions, respectively, whereas 56.3% correctly identified non-guided lesions. Application of the 2017 McDonald's DIS criteria was correct for 35.3% of the participants. According to the global survey scoring, factors independently associated with correct answers in multivariate analysis were MS-expert subspecialty (P<0.001), young clinical practitioners (P=0.02), and the use of a computer instead of a smartphone to perform WML analysis (P=0.03).

CONCLUSION

Our results highlight the difficulties regarding WML analysis in clinical practice and suggest that radiologists and neurologists should rely on each other to ensure the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and related disorders and limit misdiagnoses.

Clinical standards for the diagnosis and management of asthma in low- and middle-income countries

BACKGROUND: The aim of these clinical standards is to aid the diagnosis and management of asthma in low-resource settings in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).METHODS: A panel of 52 experts in the field of asthma in LMICs participated in a two-stage Delphi process to establish and reach a consensus on the clinical standards.RESULTS: Eighteen clinical standards were defined: Standard 1, Every individual with symptoms and signs compatible with asthma should undergo a clinical assessment; Standard 2, In individuals (>6 years) with a clinical assessment supportive of a diagnosis of asthma, a hand-held spirometry measurement should be used to confirm variable expiratory airflow limitation by demonstrating an acute response to a bronchodilator; Standard 3, Pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry should be performed in individuals (>6 years) to support diagnosis before treatment is commenced if there is diagnostic uncertainty; Standard 4, Individuals with an acute exacerbation of asthma and clinical signs of hypoxaemia or increased work of breathing should be given supplementary oxygen to maintain saturation at 94-98%; Standard 5, Inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABAs) should be used as an emergency reliever in individuals with asthma via an appropriate spacer device for metered-dose inhalers; Standard 6, Short-course oral corticosteroids should be administered in appropriate doses to individuals having moderate to severe acute asthma exacerbations (minimum 3-5 days); Standard 7, Individuals having a severe asthma exacerbation should receive emergency care, including oxygen therapy, systemic corticosteroids, inhaled bronchodilators (e.g., salbutamol with or without ipratropium bromide) and a single dose of intravenous magnesium sulphate should be considered; Standard 8, All individuals with asthma should receive education about asthma and a personalised action plan; Standard 9, Inhaled medications (excluding dry-powder devices) should be administered via an appropriate spacer device in both adults and children. Children aged 0-3 years will require the spacer to be coupled to a face mask; Standard 10, Children aged <5 years with asthma should receive a SABA as-needed at step 1 and an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) to cover periods of wheezing due to respiratory viral infections, and SABA as-needed and daily ICS from step 2 upwards; Standard 11, Children aged 6-11 years with asthma should receive an ICS taken whenever an inhaled SABA is used; Standard 12, All adolescents aged 12-18 years and adults with asthma should receive a combination inhaler (ICS and rapid onset of action long-acting beta-agonist [LABA] such as budesonide-formoterol), where available, to be used either as-needed (for mild asthma) or as both maintenance and reliever therapy, for moderate to severe asthma; Standard 13, Inhaled SABA alone for the management of patients aged >12 years is not recommended as it is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. It should only be used where there is no access to ICS.The following standards (14-18) are for settings where there is no access to inhaled medicines. Standard 14, Patients without access to corticosteroids should be provided with a single short course of emergency oral prednisolone; Standard 15, Oral SABA for symptomatic relief should be used only if no inhaled SABA is available. Adjust to the individual's lowest beneficial dose to minimise adverse effects; Standard 16, Oral leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) can be used as a preventive medication and is preferable to the use of long-term oral systemic corticosteroids; Standard 17, In exceptional circumstances, when there is a high risk of mortality from exacerbations, low-dose oral prednisolone daily or on alternate days may be considered on a case-by-case basis; Standard 18. Oral theophylline should be restricted for use in situations where it is the only bronchodilator treatment option available.CONCLUSION: These first consensus-based clinical standards for asthma management in LMICs are intended to help clinicians provide the most effective care for people in resource-limited settings.

Aqua polo: Preliminary feasibility and efficacy study of a programme of adapted, supervised water polo to reduce fatigue and improve women's psychological and social recovery after breast cancer treatment: A mixed-methods design

Physical activity has been shown to have many benefits, including reducing cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and improving psychological and physical recovery from breast cancer. Some authors have shown the benefits of aquatic practice, while others have detailed the benefits of group and supervised practice. We hypothesize that an innovative sports coaching proposal could allow a significant adherence of patients and contribute to their health improvement. The main objective is to study the feasibility of an adapted water polo programme (aqua polo) for women after breast cancer. Secondarily we will analyse the effect of such a practice on patients' recovery and study the relationship between coaches and participants. The use of mixed methods will allow us to question the underlying processes precisely. This is a prospective, non-randomized, monocentric study with a sample of 24 breast cancer patients after treatment. The intervention is a 20 week programme (1 session per week) of aqua polo in a swim club facility, supervised by professional water-polo coaches. The variables measured are patient participation, quality of life (QLQ BR23), CRF (R-PFS) and post-traumatic growth (PTG-I) as well as different variables to observe physical capacity (strength with dynamometer, step-test and arm amplitude). The quality of the coach-patient relationship will be evaluated (CART-Q) to explore its dynamics. Participatory observations and interviews will be carried out to report on the interactions between the coach and the participants during the sessions.

Registration number and name of trial registry

No. EudraCT or ID-RCB: 2019-A03003-54 and NCT: NCT04235946.

Spontaneous immortalization of chicken fibroblasts generates stable, high-yield cell lines for serum-free production of cultured meat

Cellular agriculture could meet growing demand for animal products, but yields are typically low and regulatory bodies restrict genetic modification for cultured meat production. Here we demonstrate the spontaneous immortalization and genetic stability of fibroblasts derived from several chicken breeds. Cell lines were adapted to grow as single-cell suspensions using serum-free culture medium, reaching densities of 108 × 10⁶ cells per ml in continuous culture, corresponding to yields of 36% w/v. We show that lecithin activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), inducing adipogenesis in immortalized fibroblasts. Blending cultured adipocyte-like cells with extruded soy protein, formed chicken strips in which texture was supported by animal and plant proteins while aroma and flavour were driven by cultured animal fat. Visual and sensory analysis graded the product 4.5/5.0, with 85% of participants extremely likely to replace their food choice with this cultured meat product. Immortalization without genetic modification and high-yield manufacturing are critical for the market realization of cultured meat.

Improving access to affordable quality-assured inhaled medicines in low- and middle-income countries

BACKGROUND: Access to affordable inhaled medicines for chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) is severely limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), causing avoidable morbidity and mortality. The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease convened a stakeholder meeting on this topic in February 2022.METHODS: Focused group discussions were informed by literature and presentations summarising experiences of obtaining inhaled medicines in LMICs. The virtual meeting was moderated using a topic guide around barriers and solutions to improve access. The thematic framework approach was used for analysis.RESULTS: A total of 58 key stakeholders, including patients, healthcare practitioners, members of national and international organisations, industry and WHO representatives attended the meeting. There were 20 pre-meeting material submissions. The main barriers identified were 1) low awareness of CRDs; 2) limited data on CRD burden and treatments in LMICs; 3) ineffective procurement and distribution networks; and 4) poor communication of the needs of people with CRDs. Solutions discussed were 1) generation of data to inform policy and practice; 2) capacity building; 3) improved procurement mechanisms; 4) strengthened advocacy practices; and 5) a World Health Assembly Resolution.CONCLUSION: There are opportunities to achieve improved access to affordable, quality-assured inhaled medicines in LMICs through coordinated, multi-stakeholder, collaborative efforts.

A 2-4 keV multilayer mirrored channel for the NIF Dante system

During inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), a capsule filled with deuterium and tritium (DT) gas, surrounded by a DT ice layer and a high-density carbon ablator, is driven to the temperature and densities required to initiate fusion. In the indirect method, 2 MJ of NIF laser light heats the inside of a gold hohlraum to a radiation temperature of 300 eV; thermal x rays from the hohlraum interior couple to the capsule and create a central hotspot at tens of millions degrees Kelvin and a density of 100-200 g/cm³. During the laser interaction with the gold wall, m-band x rays are produced at ∼2.5 keV; these can penetrate into the capsule and preheat the ablator and DT fuel. Preheat can impact instability growth rates in the ablation front and at the fuel-ablator interface. Monitoring the hohlraum x-ray spectrum throughout the implosion is, therefore, critical; for this purpose, a Multilayer Mirror (MLM) with flat response in the 2-4 keV range has been installed in the NIF 37° Dante calorimeter. Precision engineering and x-ray calibration of components mean the channel will report 2-4 keV spectral power with an uncertainty of ±8.7%.

Efficacy and safety outcomes of ultrasound assisted thrombolysis versus standard catheter direct thrombolysis in patients with submassive or massive pulmonary embolism: an updated meta-analysis

Background

The use of catheter-based thrombolysis in comparison to systemic thrombolytics has emerged as a potentially lifesaving therapy for patients with sub massive or massive pulmonary embolism (PE). The addition of ultrasound waves to accelerate lytic dispersion in ultrasound assisted thrombolysis (USAT) has been proposed to improve outcomes as compared to standard catheter-directed thrombolysis (SCDT). These two modalities have been compared in small studies, but larger population data on the outcomes of these therapies is still lacking.

Purpose

To assess the efficacy and safety of USAT versus SCDT in patients with submassive or massive pulmonary embolism.

Methods

A review of electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane) was performed using keywords USAT, SCDT and PE and studies were included if efficacy and safety outcomes were compared between the two types of therapies. Efficacy outcomes that were evaluated included the reduction in right ventricle/left ventricle ratio (RV/LV ratio), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and Miller score. Safety outcomes that were evaluated included major bleeding, mortality and length of ICU stay. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for continuous variables. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI were reported for dichotomous variables using the random effects model in comprehensive meta-analysis and RevMan 5.4.1 softwares.

Results

Six studies with a total of 381 patients (USAT n=204; SCDT n=177) were included. No statistical difference in efficacy outcomes of USAT over SCDT was noted in the degree of RV/LV ratio reduction (SMD: −0.507; CI: −1.386–0.373; p&gt;0.05; I2=92%), PASP reduction (SMD: 0.037; CI: −0.404–0.478; p&gt;0.05; I2=59%), or Miller score reduction (SMD: 0.303; CI: −0.481– 1.087; p&gt;0.05; I2=82%). Safety outcomes were also not statistically different with similar rates of major bleeding (RR: 1.44; CI: 0.54–3.85; p&gt;0.05; I2=4%), mortality (RR: 1.46; CI: 0.35–6.05; p&gt;0.05; I2=0%) and length of ICU stay (SMD: −0.01; CI: −0.29–0.27; p&gt;0.05; I2=31%) in both treatment groups.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that despite the technological advancement of USAT, there is no additional benefit over SCDT in terms of efficacy and safety. Further studies are warranted for both procedures investigating financial and clinical outcomes in real world practice.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: None.

Lipoprotein(a), cardiovascular events, and benefit of P2Y12 inhibition: insights from the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 trial

Background

Lp(a) plays a causal role in atherogenesis and may exert pro-thrombotic effects by inhibiting fibrinolysis owing to its structural homology with plasminogen. Patients with higher Lp(a) concentrations may derive greater benefit from anti-thrombotic therapy.

Purpose

We assessed whether patients with higher Lp(a) derive greater risk reduction from P2Y12 inhibition with ticagrelor vs. placebo on a background of aspirin therapy.

Methods

Lp(a) concentration was measured (Randox) in a prospective nested cohort of 8,967 pts enrolled in PEGASUS-TIMI 54, a randomized trial of ticagrelor vs. placebo in patients 1–3 years post MI (median follow-up: 2.7 y). Lp(a) was dichotomized at 200 nmol/L as an established threshold of risk. The prespecified MACE endpoint was CV death, MI or stroke, with KM rates reported at 3y. Cox proportional hazards were used to assess the relationship between Lp(a), MACE and treatment benefit. Models were adjusted for relevant baseline characteristics including apolipoprotein B.

Results

The median Lp(a) was 29 (25th-75th percentile: 12–137) nmol/L. A total of 1,053 pts (11.7%) had a high Lp(a) (≥200 nmol/L). In the pooled trial population, high Lp(a) concentration was associated with a 29% higher risk of MACE (9.1% vs 7.6%; adjusted hazard ratio [adj HR] 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.62; p=0.03), including a 37% higher risk of MI (6.9% vs. 5.3%; adj HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.05–1.79; p=0.02). The hazard ratios for MACE with ticagrelor vs. placebo were 0.73 (95% CI 0.48–1.11) for patients with higher Lp(a) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.74–1.05) for patients with lower Lp(a) (p-interaction=0.41; Figure 1). The absolute risk reductions were 2.4% and 1.2%, respectively.

Conclusion

Lp(a) above 200 nmol/L identifies patients with prior MI at increased risk of MACE who may derive greater absolute risk reduction from treatment with ticagrelor. These exploratory observations provide insights for therapeutics that are evaluating the clinical benefit of Lp(a) reduction.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): The PEGASUS-TIMI 54 trial was funded by AstraZeneca

Heart rate recovery is improved after locomotor training in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury: implications for health and prevention

Funding Acknowledgements

Type of funding sources: None.

Background/Introduction

Heart rate recovery after exercise provides meaningful information about physical fitness and prognosis in both health and disease. A more rapid decrease in heart rate after exercise has been associated with higher levels of fitness as well as better health and survival. In fact, heart rate recovery (HRR) ≤ 12 beats at one minute after maximal and sub-maximal exercise is a significant prognostic index of poorer health and survival. However, little research has examined HRR in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) despite the need for a responsive measure of fitness and health in this population.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine HRR before and after locomotor training (LT) in persons with SCI.

Methods

Twenty-nine subjects with incomplete SCI performed LT 5 days per week for 12 weeks using one of four training approaches: treadmill-based training with manual assistance (TMM), treadmill-based training with stimulation (TMS), over-ground training with stimulation (OGS), and treadmill-based training with robotic assistance (TMR). Before and after 12 weeks of LT the HRR was measured one minute after 2-3 minutes of walking at each subject’s maximal capacity. Heart rate data was captured via a recording band placed on each subjects’ chest that transmitted wireless signals to a data collection system which recorded heart rate data continuously.

Results

The peak HR during maximal walking of the cohort before and after LT was 75 ±15% and 71 ±14% of the age-predicted maximal HR, respectively. Fifteen of the 29 subjects (52%) had an abnormal HRR (≤ 12 beats) at baseline; following LT, HRR was improved in 11/15 (73%) of these subjects. In addition, 50% of subjects with a normal baseline HRR improved HRR after LT. There was no significant difference in HRR among training approaches at baseline or after LT.

Conclusions

Twelve weeks of LT was associated with an improvement in HRR in almost three-quarters of the subjects with an abnormal HRR at baseline, and HRR improved in one-half of the subjects with a normal HRR at baseline. These findings suggest that HRR may be of value for tracking fitness and prognosis in persons with SCI. Further investigation of HRR in subjects with SCI is warranted.

Lactation in quarantine: The (in)visibility of human milk feeding during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

Background

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, billions of people were asked by their state and local governments not to go to work and not leave the house unless they had to. The goal of this qualitative study was to collect the lived experiences of a small group of parents and lactation professionals in the United States about what it was like to feed babies human milk under these conditions of quarantine.

Methods

This project is a social constructionist analysis of lactation narratives of 24 parents feeding their children human milk and 13 lactation professionals. They were interviewed remotely in 2020–21 via videoconferencing about their experiences and perspectives on the pandemic’s effect on lactation. Additionally, photographs of 16 of the parents are provided to visualize their practices and how they chose to represent them.

Results

Four interrelated themes were identified in participants’ narratives about how they experienced and made sense of human milk feeding during the pandemic: the loneliness of lactation during the pandemic, the construction of human milk as a resource to cope with the crisis, the (in)visibility of lactation amidst heightened multitasking, and the sense of connection created by human milk feeding at a time of unprecedented solitude.

Conclusions

While the pandemic may have had both positive and negative effects on lactation, it exposed continuing inequities in infant feeding, generating new forms of (in)visibility for lactating labor. Going forward, one lesson for policy and lawmakers may be that to adequately support lactation, they should take cues from the families who had positive experiences during the crisis. This would call for systemically overhauling of US laws and policies by guaranteeing: universal basic income, paid parental leave for at least six months, paid lactation leaves and breaks, affordable housing, universal health care, subsidized childcare programs, and equal access to high-quality, non-discriminatory, and culturally appropriate medical care—including lactation counseling—, among other initiatives.

Lymphovascular invasion has a significant prognostic impact in patients with early breast cancer, results from a large, national, multicenter, retrospective cohort study

Background

We determined the prognostic impact of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in a large, national, multicenter, retrospective cohort of patients with early breast cancer (BC) according to numerous factors.

Patients and methods

We collected data on 17 322 early BC patients treated in 13 French cancer centers from 1991 to 2013. Survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and multivariate survival analyses were carried out using the Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for significant variables associated with LVI or not. Two propensity score-based matching approaches were used to balance differences in known prognostic variables associated with LVI status and to assess the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in LVI-positive luminal A-like patients.

Results

LVI was present in 24.3% (4205) of patients. LVI was significantly and independently associated with all clinical and pathological characteristics analyzed in the entire population and according to endocrine receptor (ER) status except for the time period in binary logistic regression. According to multivariate analyses including ER status, AC, grade, and tumor subtypes, the presence of LVI was significantly associated with a negative prognostic impact on overall (OS), disease-free (DFS), and metastasis-free survival (MFS) in all patients [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.345, HR = 1.312, and HR = 1.415, respectively; P < 0.0001], which was also observed in the propensity score-based analysis in addition to the association of AC with a significant increase in both OS and DFS in LVI-positive luminal A-like patients. LVI did not have a significant impact in either patients with ER-positive grade 3 tumors or those with AC-treated luminal A-like tumors.

Conclusion

The presence of LVI has an independent negative prognostic impact on OS, DFS, and MFS in early BC patients, except in ER-positive grade 3 tumors and in those with luminal A-like tumors treated with AC. Therefore, LVI may indicate the existence of a subset of luminal A-like patients who may still benefit from adjuvant therapy.

•

In a study of 17 322 early BC patients, LVI had a significant independent negative prognostic impact on survival.

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LVI negatively impacted survival in almost every patient category and cancer subtype, with and without AC.

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LVI did not have a negative survival impact in patients with ER+ grade 3 or with luminal A-like tumors with chemotherapy.

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Results suggest a possible benefit of AC in LVI-positive luminal A-like patients.

[Surgery or not on an atypical breast lesion? Taking anxiety into account in shared decision support from a prospective cohort of 300 patients]

INTRODUCTION

Organized and individual breast screening have been accompanied by an increase in the detection of "atypical breast lesions (ABL)". Recently, the NOMAT multicenter study proposed a predictive model of the risk of developing breast cancer after detection of an ABL in order to avoid surgical removal of "low-risk" lesions. It also aimed to provide information on psychological experience, in particularly anxiety, to assist in the shared medical decision process.

METHODS

Three hundred women undergoing surgery for ABL were included between 2015 and 2018 at 18 French centers. Women completed questionnaires before and after surgery assessing their level of anxiety (STAI-State, STAI-Trait), their level of tolerance to uncertainty, their perceived risk of developing a breast cancer, and their satisfaction with the management care.

RESULTS

One hundred nighty nine patients completed the STAI-Status before and after surgery. Overall, a decrease in anxiety level (35.4 vs 42.7, P<0.001) was observed. Anxious temperament and greater intolerance to uncertainty were significantly associated swith decreased anxiety (33%), whereas younger age was associated with increased anxiety (8%).

CONCLUSION

Surgery for ABL seems to be associated with only a few cases with an increase in anxiety and seems to increase the perception of the risk of developing breast cancer. Taking into account the psychological dimension remains in all cases essential in the process of shared therapeutic decision.

Prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction: results of a French prospective trial

BACKGROUND

Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is used increasingly when performing a prophylactic mastectomy. Few prospective studies have reported on complication rates. This complementary trial to the French prospective multicentre MAPAM trial aimed to evaluate the nipple-areola complex (NAC) necrosis rate in prophylactic NSM with IBR.

METHODS

Patient characteristics and surgical data were recorded. Morbidity after prophylactic NSM with a focus on NAC necrosis was analysed.

RESULTS

Among 59 women undergoing prophylactic NSM, 19 (32 per cent) of the incisions were partly on the NAC. Reconstructions were performed with 46 definitive implants and 13 expanders. The crude rate of postoperative complications was 25 per cent (15 patients). Complete NAC necrosis was reported in two women (3 per cent) and partial or total necrosis in nine (15 per cent). No NAC resection was necessary. Median BMI was lower in women with total or partial NAC necrosis compared with the others (20.0 versus 21.3 kg/m2 respectively; P = 0.034).

CONCLUSION

Results of this prospective study confirm that prophylactic NSM with IBR is associated with a low risk of total NAC necrosis.

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on North American milk banks

This study aims to understand the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic on human milk banking services in North America, with a focus on the United States. We triangulated questionnaire data with interviews and text‐based website data. Of the 30 human milk bank services from which data were obtained, the majority faced substantial internal organization change in terms of staffing and protocols and experienced financial hardship in particular because of decreases in donor human milk orders. At the same time, most banks reported an increase in their numbers of donors and in the volume of milk collected. These results show that the pandemic significantly affected the way in which many North American milk banks operate, some lactating mothers donate their milk and, at least during the first few months of the crisis, certain hospitals' donor human milk ordering patterns changed. It suggests in particular that stay‐at‐home orders and the turn to remote work created the potential for a surge in human milk available for donation as a number of parents no longer needed their surplus for their own children. Legal and policy reform should focus on replicating the positive effects of the pandemic on breastfeeding by guaranteeing paid parental leave and flexible work conditions. Initiatives should also aim at counteracting its negative effects by mandating the insurance coverage of donor human milk, supporting milk banks financially and, more generally, integrating lactation and human milk banking services within the health system.

Lack of prognostic impact of sentinel node micro-metastases in endocrine receptor-positive early breast cancer: results from a large multicenter cohort☆

Background

Prognostic impact of lymph node micro-metastases (pN1mi) has been discordantly reported in the literature. The need to clarify this point for decision-making regarding adjuvant therapy, particularly for patients with endocrine receptor (ER)-positive status and HER2-negative tumors, is further reinforced by the generalization of gene expression signatures using pN status in their recommendation algorithm.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively analyzed 13 773 patients treated for ER-positive breast cancer in 13 French cancer centers from 1999 to 2014. Five categories of axillary lymph node (LN) status were defined: negative LN (pN0i−), isolated tumor cells [pN0(i+)], pN1mi, and pN1 divided into single (pN1 = 1) and multiple (pN1 > 1) macro-metastases (>2 mm). The effect of LN micro-metastases on outcomes was investigated both in the entire cohort of patients and in clinically relevant subgroups according to tumor subtypes. Propensity-score-based matching was used to balance differences in known prognostic variables associated with pN status.

Results

As determined by sentinel LN biopsy, 9427 patients were pN0 (68.4%), 546 pN0(i+) (4.0%), 1446 pN1mi (10.5%) and 2354 pN1 with macro-metastases (17.1%). With a median follow-up of 61.25 months, pN1 status, but not pN1mi, significantly impacted overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), and breast-cancer-specific survival. In the subgroup of patients with known tumor subtype, pN1 = 1, as pN1 > 1, but not pN1mi, had a significant prognostic impact on OS. DFS and MFS were only impacted by pN1 > 1. Similar results were observed in the subgroup of patients with luminal A-like tumors (n = 7101). In the matched population analysis, pN1macro, but not pN1mi, had a statistically significant negative impact on MFS and OS.

Conclusion

LN micro-metastases have no detectable prognostic impact and should not be considered as a determining factor in indicating adjuvant chemotherapy. The evaluation of the risk of recurrence using second-generation signatures should be calculated considering micro-metastases as pN0.

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LN micro-metastases have no detectable prognostic impact.

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pN1 status, but not pN1mi, significantly impacted overall survival, disease-free survival, metastasis-free survival.

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In the subgroup of patients with known tumor subtype, pN1=1, as pN1>1, but not pN1mi, had a significant prognostic impact on OS.

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LN micro-metastases should not be considered as a determining factor in indicating adjuvant chemotherapy.

Micro-premature infants in New Jersey show improved mortality and morbidity from 2000-2018

BACKGROUND

Micro-premature newborns, gestational age (GA) ≤ 25 weeks, have high rates of mortality and morbidity. Literature has shown improving outcomes for extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) GA ≤ 29 weeks, but few studies have addressed outcomes of ELGANs ≤ 25 weeks.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the trends in outcomes for ELGANs born in New Jersey, from 2000 to 2018 and to compare two subgroups: GA 23 to 25 weeks (E1) and GA 26 to 29 weeks (E2).

METHODS

Thirteen NICUs in NJ submitted de-identified data. Outcomes for mortality and morbidity were calculated.

RESULTS

Data from 12,707 infants represents the majority of ELGANs born in NJ from 2000 to 2018. There were 3,957 in the E1 group and 8,750 in the E2 group. Mortality decreased significantly in both groups; E1, 43.2% to 30.2% and E2, 7.6% to 4.5% over the 19 years. The decline in E1 was significantly greater than in E2. Most morbidities also showed significant improvement over time in both groups. Survival without morbidity increased from 14.5% to 30.7% in E1s and 47.2% to 69.9% in E2s. Similar findings held for 501-750 and 751-1000g birth weight strata.

CONCLUSIONS

Significant declines in both mortality and morbidity have occurred in ELGANs over the last two decades. These rates of improvements for the more immature ELGANs of GA 230 to 256 weeks were greater than for the more mature group in several outcomes. While the rates of morbidity and mortality remain high, these results validate current efforts to support the micro-premature newborn.

MRI characteristics of MOG-Ab associated disease in adults: An update

Our knowledge of the radiological spectrum of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is growing rapidly. An update on the radiological features of the disease, and its evolution is thus necessary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an increasingly important role in the differential diagnosis of MOGAD particularly from aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Differentiating these conditions is of prime importance because the management is different between the three inflammatory diseases, and thus could prevent further attack-related disability. Therefore, identifying the MRI features suggestive of MOGAD has diagnostic and prognostic implications. We herein review optic nerve, spinal cord and the brain MRI findings from MOGAD adult patients, and compare them to AQP4-NMOSD and MS.

Alexithymia in multiple sclerosis: Clinical and radiological correlations

BACKGROUND

Alexithymia, meaning no words for emotions is a common problem that could affect up to 53% of patients in multiple sclerosis (MS).

OBJECTIVES

To determine the frequency of alexithymia in MS and investigate MS-related abnormalities in structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and their associations with fatigue and cognitive functions.

METHODS

Ninety-five patients at all stages of the disease were examined: 21 with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS), 30 with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 21 with primary (PP) and 23 with secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Alexithymia was measured with the Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20) and correlated to cognitive functions, depression, and fatigue. Voxel-based morphometry MRI was analyzed to determine lesion load, cerebral and regional atrophy.

RESULTS

Fifty-seven of patients had alexithymia with no significant difference between the clinical phenotypes. Alexithymic patients differed from non-alexithymic patients on fatigue, depression and information processing speed. Compared to non-alexithymic patients, alexithymic patients had decreased volumes of cerebral and cerebellar white matter and there was a significant relationship between alexithymia and decreased brainstem, thalamic and corpus callosum volume.

CONCLUSION

Regardless of the phenotype of MS, alexithymia is associated with atrophy of cerebral and cerebellar white matter, brainstem, corpus callosum, and thalami.

Enhancing ovarian cancer conventional chemotherapy through the combination with cannabidiol loaded microparticles

In this work, we evaluated, for the first time, the antitumor effect of cannabidiol (CBD) as monotherapy and in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics in ovarian cancer and developed PLGA-microparticles as CBD carriers to optimize its anticancer activity. Spherical microparticles, with a mean particle size around 25 µm and high entrapment efficiency were obtained. Microparticles elaborated with a CBD:polymer ratio of 10:100 were selected due to the most suitable release profile with a zero-order CBD release (14.13 ± 0.17 μg/day/10 mg Mps) for 40 days. The single administration of this formulation showed an in vitro extended antitumor activity for at least 10 days and an in ovo antitumor efficacy comparable to that of CBD in solution after daily topical administration (≈1.5-fold reduction in tumor growth vs control). The use of CBD in combination with paclitaxel (PTX) was really effective. The best treatment schedule was the pre + co-administration of CBD (10 µM) with PTX. Using this protocol, the single administration of microparticles was even more effective than the daily administration of CBD in solution, achieving a ≈10- and 8- fold reduction in PTX IC₅₀ respectively. This protocol was also effective in ovo. While PTX conducted to a 1.5-fold tumor growth inhibition, its combination with both CBD in solution (daily administered) and 10-Mps (single administration) showed a 2-fold decrease. These results show the promising potential of CBD-Mps administered in combination with PTX for ovarian cancer treatment, since it would allow to reduce the administered dose of this antineoplastic drug maintaining the same efficacy and, as a consequence, reducing PTX adverse effects.

A Phase 2a Randomized, Double-Blind, Dose-Optimizing Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of a Bivalent DNA Vaccine for Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Delivered by Intramuscular Electroporation

Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Puumala virus (PUUV) are pathogenic hantaviruses found in Asia and Europe, respectively. DNA vaccines targeting the envelope glycoproteins of these viruses have been constructed and found to elicit neutralizing antibodies when delivered to humans by various technologies including intramuscular electroporation. Here, we report findings from a Phase 2a clinical trial of a combined HTNV/PUUV DNA vaccine delivered at varying doses and administration schedules using the Ichor Medical Systems TriGrid intramuscular electroporation delivery technology. The study was designed to characterize the effects of DNA vaccine dose and number of administrations on the frequency and magnitude of immunological response. Subjects (n = 120) were divided into four cohorts. Cohorts 1 and 2 received a dose of 2 mg of DNA (1 mg per plasmid), and cohorts 3 and 4 received a dose of 1 mg of DNA (0.5 mg per plasmid) each vaccination. Each of the four cohorts received a series of four administrations (days 0, 28, 56 and 168). For cohorts 1 and 3, the DNA vaccine candidate was delivered at each of the four administrations. For cohorts 2 and 4, in order to maintain blinding, subjects received the DNA vaccine on days 0, 56 and 168, but on day 28 received only the phosphate buffered saline vehicle rather the DNA vaccine. Sera were collected on days 0, 28, 56, 84, 140, 168, 196, 252 and 365 and evaluated for the presence of neutralizing antibodies by PUUV and HTNV pseudovirion neutralization assays (PsVNAs). Day 84 was also evaluated by a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Overall the PsVNA50 geometric mean titers (GMTs) and seropositivity rates among cohorts were similar. Cohort 3 exhibited the highest frequency of subjects that became seropositive to both PUUV and HTNV after vaccination, the highest peak GMT against both viruses, and the highest median titers against both viruses.

Blood transfusion and ischaemic outcomes according to anemia and bleeding in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: Insights from the TAO randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND

The benefits and risks of blood transfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction who are anemic or who experience bleeding are debated. We sought to study the association between blood transfusion and ischemic outcomes according to haemoglobin nadir and bleeding status in patients with NST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

METHODS

The TAO trial randomized patients with NSTEMI and coronary angiogram scheduled within 72h to heparin plus eptifibatide versus otamixaban. After exclusion of patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery, patients were categorized according to transfusion status considering transfusion as a time-varying covariate. The primary ischemic outcome was the composite of all-cause death or MI within 180 days of randomization. Subgroup analyses were performed according to pre-transfusion hemoglobin nadir and bleeding status.

RESULTS

12,547 patients were enrolled. Among these, blood transfusion was used in 489 (3.9%) patients. Patients who received transfusion had a higher rate of death or MI (29.9% vs. 8.1%, p<0.01). This excess risk persisted after adjustment on GRACE score and nadir of hemoglobin (HR 3.36 95%CI 2.63-4.29 p<0.01). Subgroup analyses showed that blood transfusion was associated with a higher risk in patients without overt bleeding (adjusted HR 6.25 vs. 2.85; p-interaction 0.001) as well as in those with hemoglobin nadir > 9.0 g/dl (HR 4.01; p-interaction<0.0001).

CONCLUSION

In patients with NSTEMI, blood transfusion was associated with an overall increased risk of ischaemic events. However, this was mainly driven by patients without overt bleeding and those hemoglobin nadir > 9.0g/dl. This suggests possible harm of transfusion in those groups.

SAT0638-HPR CHARACTERIZING THE IMPACT OF AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS ON DAILY LIFE: GENDER AND PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION IN CANADA. RESULTS FROM THE IMAS SURVEY

Background:

Understanding the most limiting daily activities reported by patients is important for a holistic healthcare approach.

Objectives:

To evaluate the degree of functional limitation on daily activities and its association with PROs in Canada.

Methods:

The International Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (IMAS) is a cross-sectional online survey of non-selected patients with self-reported axSpA conducted in 22 countries and endorsed by the Axial Spondyloarthritis International Federation. IMAS captures the patients’ perspective of the burden of axSpA. The Canadian adaptation included a review of the survey by an advisory board of axSpA patients and a national steering committee composed of the Canadian Spondylitis Association, rheumatologists and axSpA patients. Canadian participants were recruited from 2018 to 2019. Socio-demographics variables, BASDAI and mental health (GHQ-12) data were collected. Degree of functional limitation in 18 daily activities was evaluated using a 3-point Likert scale. Bivariate analysis was performed to assess activities associated with poorer BASDAI and mental health status.

Table 1.

BASDAI and mental health (GHQ-12)- impact on daily activities (N = 542)

BASDAIMean ± SDGHQ-12Mean ± SDLow limitationMedium + High Limitationp-valueLow limitationMedium + High Limitationp-valueDressing / undressing5.5 ± 2.06.4 ± 4.4<.001*4.4 ± 3.85.7 ±4.0.007*Washing / personal grooming5.6 ±2.06.3 ± 2.0.002*4.7 ± 4.15.6 ± 4.1.099Taking a bath / shower5.6 ±2.06.6 ±1.8<.001*4.2 ± 4.05.9 ± 4.0.002*Tying shoe laces5.4 ± 2.06.1 ± 2.0.005*4.3 ± 3.85.2 ± 4.1.044*Walking / getting around the house5.5 ± 2.06.4 ± 1.9<.001*4.2 ± 3.95.6 ± 4.1.005*Stair climbing5.1 ±1.96.3 ±1.8<.001*3.4 ± 3.45.4 ± 4.0<.001*Lying down / getting up from bed5.2 ± 2.06.3 ± 1.9<.001*3.6 ± 3.65.5 ± 4.1<.001*Going to the toilet5.4 ± 2.06.7 ± 1.9<.001*4.3 ± 4.25.6 ± 3.9.024*Shopping5.6 ± 1.86.2 ± 1.9.003*4.1 ± 3.75.3 ± 4.1.025*Cooking5.6 ± 1.96.3 ± 1.8.008*3.7 ± 3.65.8 ±4.2<.001*Eating5.9 ± 2.16.9 ± 1.9.024*5.0 ± 4.45.8 ± 3.9.282Housework / cleaning4.9 ± 2.06.0 ± 1.8<.001*3.7 ± 3.64.8 ± 4.0.021*Walking down the street5.4 ± 1.96.1 ± 2.0.005*4.4 ± 3.85.1 ± 4.1.228Using public transportation5.6 ± 1.96.1 ± 1.9.1804.4 ± 4.05.3 ± 4.0.155Driving5.5 ± 2.06.1 ± 2.1.021*4.2 ± 3.95.3 ± 4.2.050Doing physical exercise4.7 ± 2.15.8 ± 1.9<.001*3.4 ± 3.74.7 ± 4.0.002*Engaging in intimate relations5.2 ± 1.96.0 ±1.9<.0014.0 ± 3.85.1 ± 4.0.015*Caring for children / grandchildren5.2 ± 1.96.0 ± 2.0.0033.7 ± 3.85.2 ± 4.1.005

* p≤.05

Results:

542 axSpA patients participated. Mean age was 44.3±13.9 years and 63% were female. Mean BASDAI was 5.3±2.1, mean GHQ-12 score was 4.0±3.8 and 50% were on biologics. 94% reported ≥1 limitation in daily activities, of which physical exercise (30%), house cleaning (22%), intimacy (21%) and stair climbing (21%) were most commonly severely impacted (high limitation). Women reported significantly higher limitations in house cleaning, stair climbing, driving, moving around the house and caring for young children (p<.05 for all activities vs men). Compared with low limitation, medium–high limitation in most activities was significantly associated with higher disease activity and worsened mental health for the overall population (Table 1).

Conclusion:

Canadian axSpA patients, particularly women, are limited in daily life activities beyond those captured by other validated scales. Strong association between functional limitation, disease activity and mental health emphasizes the need for holistic evaluation of axSpA patients.

Disclosure of Interests:

Proton Rahman Grant/research support from: Janssen and Novartis, Consultant of: Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, and Pfizer., Speakers bureau: Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Marco Garrido-Cumbrera: None declared, Sherry Rohekar: None declared, Michael Mallinson: None declared, Gerald Major: None declared, Algis Jovaisas: None declared, Nigil Haroon: None declared, Wendy Gerhart: None declared, Artur J. deBrum Fernandes: None declared, Martin Cohen: None declared, Jon Chan: None declared, Patrick Leclerc Employee of: Novartis, Julie Schneiderman Employee of: Novartis, Robert Inman: None declared

SAT0629-HPR FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH USE OF BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES FOR AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS IN CANADA. RESULTS FROM THE IMAS SURVEY

Background:

Biologics have revolutionized the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). However, there is limited knowledge about factors associated with their use in Canada.

Objectives:

To evaluate sociodemographic, healthcare and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) associated with the use of biologics in Canadian axSpA patients.

Methods:

The International Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (IMAS) is a cross-sectional online survey of non-selected patients with self-reported axSpA, conducted in 21 countries and endorsed by the Axial Spondyloarthritis International Federation (ASIF). IMAS captures the patients’ perspective of the burden of axSpA. The Canadian adaptation included a review of the survey by an advisory board of axSpA patients and a national steering committee composed of the Canadian Spondylitis Association, rheumatologists and patients. Participants were recruited between August 2018 and February 2019. Sociodemographic and healthcare-related variables, as well as PROs (disease activity [BASDAI, 0–10], spinal stiffness [3–12], functional limitation [0–54] and psychological distress [GHQ-12]) were collected. Respondents were divided in 2 groups 1) biologic and 2) NSAIDs or no treatment, based on reported pharmacologic treatments. Statistical analyses were performed to assess associations between variables and biologic use (bivariate) and the relative weight of these associations (multivariate).

Results:

542 axSpA patients were recruited. Mean age was 44.3±13.9 years, 63.1% were female, 66.4% married and 81.0% educated to university/college level. 22.8% of patients lived >50 km from their rheumatologist. Mean BASDAI was 5.3±2.1 and mean GHQ-12 score (mental health) was 4.0±3.8. Nearly half (49.6%) were currently on a biologic. Reported incidence of side effects was lower for patients having biologics (42.5%) vs. a NSAIDs (53.7%) as part of their treatment armamentarium. Only 15.7% of patients had discontinued biologic therapy, the main reasons for withdrawal being physician recommendation (50%), side effects (50%) and personal choice (34%). Variables associated with biologic use included: membership of a patient support group (p<0.001), non-manual work (p=0.008), higher income level (p=0.039), having a combination of public and private insurance schemes (p<0.001) and diagnosis by a rheumatologist (p<0.001). Associated PROs were spinal stiffness (p=0.011) and diagnostic delay (p=0.030). In the multivariate analysis, all variables except income and diagnostic delay were associated with biologic use (Table 1).

Table 1.

Analysis of sociodemographic and clinical variables in relation to pharmacologic treatment

VariableUnivariate linear regressionMultivariate stepwise linear regressionB95% CIB95% CIIncome level0.0011.000–1.000NANAEmployment—manual worker–0.7610.266–0.822–0.8380.228–0.820Member of a patient support group0.9371.797–3.6281.1161.754–5.309Health insurance scheme—combination0.2091.162–1.3070.2151.132–1.357Diagnostic delay0.0090.993–1.026NANASpinal Stiffness (3–12)0.0991.022–1.1930.2201.090–1.424Diagnosed by rheumatologist0.5351.412–2.0670.3351.041–1.877

B, B coefficient; NA, [not applicable]

Conclusion:

Canadian axSpA patients with greater social status, disease awareness, and insurance options are more likely to receive biologic therapy. Furthermore, Canadian physicians are more inclined to prescribe biologics to patients with increased spinal stiffness.

Disclosure of Interests:

Robert Inman: None declared, Marco Garrido-Cumbrera: None declared, Jon Chan: None declared, Martin Cohen: None declared, Artur J. deBrum Fernandes: None declared, Wendy Gerhart: None declared, Nigil Haroon: None declared, Algis Jovaisas: None declared, Gerald Major: None declared, Michael Mallinson: None declared, Sherry Rohekar: None declared, Patrick Leclerc Employee of: Novartis, Julie Schneiderman Employee of: Novartis, Proton Rahman Grant/research support from: Janssen and Novartis, Consultant of: Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, and Pfizer., Speakers bureau: Abbott, AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer

Atypical myelitis in patients with multiple sclerosis: Characterization and comparison with typical multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Background:

Atypical myelitis in multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by extensive myelitis in the longitudinal (longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis) or axial plane (transverse myelitis).

Objective:

To characterize a cohort of MS patients with atypical myelitis.

Methods:

Atypical myelitis was extracted from the French and Luxembourg MS databases and compared to two cohorts of MS patients with typical myelitis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) patients with myelitis.

Results:

We enrolled 28 MS patients with atypical myelitis, 68 MS patients with typical myelitis and 119 NMOSD patients with a first episode of myelitis. MS patients with atypical myelitis were characterized by a mean age of 34.0 (±10.7) years and 64.3% were women. In 82.1% of the patients, atypical myelitis was the first episode of MS. Mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores at nadir and 3–6 months after onset were 4.1 ± 2.1 and 3.3 ± 2, respectively. Differences between groups revealed a predominance of cervicothoracic myelitis and a higher level of disability in NMOSD patients. Disability in MS patients with atypical myelitis was more severe than in the MS patients with typical myelitis; 28% had already converted to progressive MS within our mean follow-up of 39.6 (±30.4) months.

Conclusion:

Atypical myelitis may be the first presentation of MS and is associated with poorer prognosis.

MSCopilot, a new multiple sclerosis self-assessment digital solution: results of a comparative study versus standard tests

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Assessing patients' disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) requires time-consuming batteries of hospital tests. MSCopilot is a software medical device for the self-assessment of patients with MS (PwMS), combining four tests: walking, dexterity, cognition and low contrast vision. The objective was to validate MSCopilot versus the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC).

METHODS

This multicentre, open-label, randomized, controlled, crossover study enrolled 141 PwMS and 76 healthy controls (HCs). All participants performed MSCopilot and MSFC tests at day 0. To assess reproducibility, 46 PwMS performed the same tests at day 30 ± 3. The primary end-point was the validation of MSCopilot versus MSFC for the identification of PwMS against HCs, quantified using the area under the curve (AUC). The main secondary end-point was the correlation of MSCopilot z-scores with MSFC z-scores.

RESULTS

In all, 116 PwMS and 69 HCs were analysed. The primary end-point was achieved: MSCopilot performance was non-inferior to that of MSFC (AUC 0.92 and 0.89 respectively; P = 0.3). MSCopilot and MSFC discriminated PwMS and HCs with 81% and 76% sensitivity and 82% and 88% specificity respectively. Digital and standard test scores were highly correlated (r = 0.81; P < 0.001). The test-retest study demonstrated the good reproducibility of MSCopilot.

CONCLUSION

This study confirms the reliability of MSCopilot and its usability in clinical practice for the monitoring of MS-related disability.

P1694Sex is not an independent predictor of ischemic outcomes or bleeding in NSTEMI patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Insights from the TAO trial

Background

There is uncertainty regarding whether female sex is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

Purpose

We sought to describe and compare ischemic and bleeding outcomes between men and women with Non–ST-segment–Elevation (NSTE) ACS enrolled in the large Treatment of Acute coronary syndromes with Otamixaban (TAO) trial in which antithrombotic treatment was standardized and a systematic invasive approach was performed.

Methods

The TAO trial randomized moderate to high-risk NSTE-ACS patients with diagnostic coronary angiography planned in the first 72 hours to heparin plus eptifibatide versus otamixaban. This post-hoc analysis describes ischemic (all-cause death, new myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis within 180 days of randomization) and bleeding outcomes (TIMI major and minor bleeding within 30 days of randomization) according to sex.

Results

Of 13,229 patients with NSTE-ACS randomized in 55 countries, 3,980 (30.1%) were female and 9,249 (69.9%) were male. Mean age was 64.8±11.0 and 60.7±11.1 years, respectively. The prevalence of diabetes (34.0% vs. 25.8%), hypertension (80.8% vs. 67.0%), and hypercholesterolemia (55.9% vs. 52.2%) was higher among women compared with men but current smoking (21.5% vs. 38.7%) and history of previous MI were more frequent in males (15.5% vs. 20.7%).

Females experienced a higher incidence of both ischemic outcomes (10.2% vs. 9.1%; OR=1.15; 95% CI, 1.01–1.30; p=0.034) and bleeding events (4.1% vs. 3.4%; OR=1.23; 95% CI, 1.02–1.49; p=0.029). Bleeding risk and CV death were particularly increased in women younger than 50 years, compared to males of the same age, at 5.5% vs. 1.4% (OR=4.00; 95% CI, 2.13–7.69; p=0.034) and 1.7% vs. 0.5% (OR=4.35; 95% CI, 1.02–20.00; p=0.02), respectively. No difference in either outcome was found between women and men between 50 and 80 years old. Above 80 years, women experienced a lower rate of bleeding (3.9% vs. 7.8%; OR=0.47; 95% CI, 0.23–0.88; p=0.024) but a similar rate of in ischemic events (16.0% vs. 17.2%; OR=0.92; 95% CI, 0.63–1.33; p=0.67).

After adjustment for age, body weight, diabetes mellitus, prior PCI, serum creatinine, presenting systolic blood pressure, elevated biomarker at presentation, heart failure, the risk of ischemic (OR=1.03; 95% CI, 0.89–1.18; p=0.71) and bleeding events (OR=1.05; 95% CI, 0.85–1.33; p=0.65) were similar between men and women.

Conclusions

In this large international randomized trial of NSTE-ACS with standardized invasive management, women (particularly those younger than 50 years) experienced higher risks of ischemic and bleeding events than men, but the difference was not sustained after adjustment. In this population, sex was not an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in NSTE-ACS. The type of ACS (NSTE-ACS) and routine invasive management in women and men may explain this absence of difference.

Acknowledgement/Funding

The TAO trial was sponsored and funded by SANOFI. The present analysis was supported by the RHU iVASC grant “#ANR-16-RHUS-00010”

Disorder in Pixel-Level Edge Directions on T1WI Is Associated with the Degree of Radiation Necrosis in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors: Preliminary Findings

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Co-occurrence of local anisotropic gradient orientations (COLLAGE) is a recently developed radiomic (computer extracted) feature that captures entropy (measures the degree of disorder) in pixel-level edge directions and was previously shown to distinguish predominant cerebral radiation necrosis from recurrent tumor on gadolinium-contrast T1WI. In this work, we sought to investigate whether COLLAGE measurements from posttreatment gadolinium-contrast T1WI could distinguish varying extents of cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor classes in a lesion across primary and metastatic brain tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

On a total of 75 gadolinium-contrast T1WI studies obtained from patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the extent of cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor in every brain lesion was histopathologically defined by an expert neuropathologist as the following: 1) "pure" cerebral radiation necrosis; 2) "mixed" pathology with coexistence of cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumors; 3) "predominant" (>80%) cerebral radiation necrosis; 4) predominant (>80%) recurrent tumor; and 5) pure tumor. COLLAGE features were extracted from the expert-annotated ROIs on MR imaging. Statistical comparisons of COLLAGE measurements using first-order statistics were performed across pure, mixed, and predominant pathologies of cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor using the Wilcoxon rank sum test.

RESULTS

COLLAGE features exhibited decreased skewness for patients with pure (0.15 ± 0.12) and predominant cerebral radiation necrosis (0.25 ± 0.09) and were statistically significantly different (P < .05) from those in patients with predominant recurrent tumors, which had highly skewed (0.42 ± 0.21) COLLAGE values. COLLAGE values for the mixed pathology studies were found to lie between predominant cerebral radiation necrosis and recurrent tumor categories.

CONCLUSIONS

With additional independent multisite validation, COLLAGE measurements might enable noninvasive characterization of the degree of recurrent tumor or cerebral radiation necrosis in gadolinium-contrast T1WI of posttreatment lesions.