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Su Y, Ruan L, Yu P, Pi CH, Gerber MJ, Tsao TC. A Fast and Efficient Attitude Control Algorithm of a Tilt-Rotor Aerial Platform Using Inputs Redundancies. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2021.3138806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gerber MJ, Hubschman JP, Tsao TC. Automated Retinal Vein Cannulation on Silicone Phantoms Using Optical-Coherence-Tomography-Guided Robotic Manipulations. IEEE ASME Trans Mechatron 2021; 26:2758-2769. [PMID: 35528629 PMCID: PMC9075181 DOI: 10.1109/tmech.2020.3045875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Retinal vein occlusion is one of the most common causes of vision loss, occurring when a blood clot or other obstruction occludes a retinal vein. A potential remedy for retinal vein occlusion is retinal vein cannulation, a surgical procedure that involves infusing the occluded vein with a fibrinolytic drug to restore blood flow through the vascular lumen. This work presents an image-guided robotic system capable of performing automated cannulation on silicone retinal vein phantoms. The system is integrated with an optical coherence tomography probe and camera to provide visual feedback to guide the robotic system. Through automation, the developed system targets a vein phantom to within 20 μm and automatically cannulates and infuses the vascular lumen with dyed water. The system was evaluated through 30 experimental trials and shown to be capable of performing automated cannulation of retinal vein phantoms with no reported cases of failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Gerber
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | | | - Tsu-Chin Tsao
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
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Yu P, Su Y, Gerber MJ, Ruan L, Tsao TC. An Over-Actuated Multi-Rotor Aerial Vehicle With Unconstrained Attitude Angles and High Thrust Efficiencies. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2021.3095035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shin C, Gerber MJ, Lee YH, Rodriguez M, Pedram SA, Hubschman JP, Tsao TC, Rosen J. Semi-Automated Extraction of Lens Fragments via a Surgical Robot Using Semantic Segmentation of OCT Images with Deep Learning - Experimental Results in ex vivo Animal Model. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2021; 6:5261-5268. [PMID: 34621980 PMCID: PMC8492005 DOI: 10.1109/lra.2021.3072574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The overarching goal of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to guide a robotic system to extract lens fragments from ex vivo pig eyes. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed to semantically segment four intraocular structures (lens material, capsule, cornea, and iris) from OCT images. The neural network was trained on images from ten pig eyes, validated on images from eight different eyes, and tested on images from another ten eyes. This segmentation algorithm was incorporated into the Intraocular Robotic Interventional Surgical System (IRISS) to realize semi-automated detection and extraction of lens material. To demonstrate the system, the semi-automated detection and extraction task was performed on seven separate ex vivo pig eyes. The developed neural network exhibited 78.20% for the validation set and 83.89% for the test set in mean intersection over union metrics. Successful implementation and efficacy of the developed method were confirmed by comparing the preoperative and postoperative OCT volume scans from the seven experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyeob Shin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Gerber
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Hsiu Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Sahba Aghajani Pedram
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Tsu-Chin Tsao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacob Rosen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Gerber MJ, Hubschman JP, Tsao TC. Robotic posterior capsule polishing by optical coherence tomography image guidance. Int J Med Robot 2021; 17:e2248. [PMID: 33638592 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cataract surgery, polishing of the posterior capsule (PC) can lead to improved surgical outcomes but is currently avoided due to its high-risk nature. This work developed a robotic system capable of performing PC polishing on ex vivo pig eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance. METHODS The lenses of five ex vivo pig eyes were extracted and a thin layer of glue deposited onto the PC. Transpupillary OCT scans of the anterior segment were used to generate a PC-polishing trajectory. During polishing, OCT B-scans tracked the tool tip and were displayed to the operator. RESULTS Complete removal of the glue was accomplished in all five trials with no PC rupture reported. CONCLUSIONS The feasibility of using a robotic system guided by OCT to perform PC polishing on a biological model was demonstrated. Contributions include modelling of the PC anatomy, intraoperative OCT visualization, and automated tool-tip motion with scheduled aspiration pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Gerber
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Hubschman
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tsu-Chin Tsao
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Chen CW, Francone AA, Gerber MJ, Lee YH, Govetto A, Tsao TC, Hubschman JP. Semiautomated optical coherence tomography-guided robotic surgery for porcine lens removal. J Cataract Refract Surg 2020; 45:1665-1669. [PMID: 31706519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate semiautomated surgical lens extraction procedures using the optical coherence tomography (OCT)-integrated Intraocular Robotic Interventional Surgical System. SETTING Stein Eye Institute and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA. DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS Semiautomated lens extraction was performed on postmortem pig eyes using a robotic platform integrated with an OCT imaging system. Lens extraction was performed using a series of automated steps including robot-to-eye alignment, irrigation/aspiration (I/A) handpiece insertion, anatomic modeling, surgical path planning, and I/A handpiece navigation. Intraoperative surgical supervision and human intervention were enabled by real-time OCT image feedback to the surgeon via a graphical user interface. Manual preparation of the pig-eye models, including the corneal incision and capsulorhexis, was performed by a trained cataract surgeon before the semiautomated lens extraction procedures. A scoring system was used to assess surgical complications in a postoperative evaluation. RESULTS Complete lens extraction was achieved in 25 of 30 eyes. In the remaining 5 eyes, small lens pieces (≤1.0 mm3) were detected near the lens equator, where transpupillary OCT could not image. No posterior capsule rupture or corneal leakage occurred. The mean surgical duration was 277 seconds ± 42 (SD). Based on a 3-point scale (0 = no damage), damage to the iris was 0.33 ± 0.20, damage to the cornea was 1.47 ± 0.20 (due to tissue dehydration), and stress at the incision was 0.97 ± 0.11. CONCLUSIONS No posterior capsule rupture was reported. Complete lens removal was achieved in 25 trials without significant surgical complications. Refinements to the procedures are required before fully automated lens extraction can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew J Gerber
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Yu-Hsiu Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Andrea Govetto
- Oftalmico Hospital, ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Tsu-Chin Tsao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Prince SW, Kang C, Simonelli J, Lee Y, Gerber MJ, Lim C, Chu K, Dutson EP, Tsao T. A robotic system for telementoring and training in laparoscopic surgery. Int J Med Robot 2019; 16:e2040. [DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Prince
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles California
| | - Christopher Kang
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles California
| | - James Simonelli
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles California
| | - Yu‐Hsiu Lee
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles California
| | - Matthew J. Gerber
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles California
| | - Christopher Lim
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles California
| | - Kevin Chu
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles California
| | - Erik P. Dutson
- Center for Advanced Surgical and Interventional Technology University of California Los Angeles California
| | - Tsu‐Chin Tsao
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles California
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Chen CW, Lee YH, Gerber MJ, Cheng H, Yang YC, Govetto A, Francone AA, Soatto S, Grundfest WS, Hubschman JP, Tsao TC. Intraocular robotic interventional surgical system (IRISS): Semi-automated OCT-guided cataract removal. Int J Med Robot 2018; 14:e1949. [PMID: 30152081 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of laser-assisted platforms, the outcomes of cataract surgery have been improved by automating several procedures. The cataract-extraction step continues to be manually performed, but due to deficiencies in sensing capabilities, surgical complications such as posterior capsule rupture and incomplete cataract removal remain. METHODS An optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is integrated into our intraocular robotic interventional surgical system (IRISS) robot. The OCT images are used for preoperative planning and intraoperative intervention in a series of automated procedures. Real-time intervention allows surgeons to evaluate the progress and override the operation. RESULTS The developed system was validated by performing lens extraction on 30 postmortem pig eyes. Complete lens extraction was achieved on 25 eyes, and "almost complete" extraction was achieved on the remainder due to an inability to image small lens particles behind the iris. No capsule rupture was found. CONCLUSION The IRISS successfully demonstrated semiautomated OCT-guided lens removal with real-time supervision and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Chen
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles
| | - Yu-Hsiu Lee
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles
| | - Matthew J Gerber
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles
| | - Harrison Cheng
- Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles
| | - Yan-Chao Yang
- Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles
| | - Andrea Govetto
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Stefano Soatto
- Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles
| | - Warren S Grundfest
- Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Tsu-Chin Tsao
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles
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Govetto A, Bhavsar KV, Virgili G, Gerber MJ, Freund KB, Curcio CA, Burgoyne CF, Hubschman JP, Sarraf D. Tractional Abnormalities of the Central Foveal Bouquet in Epiretinal Membranes: Clinical Spectrum and Pathophysiological Perspectives. Am J Ophthalmol 2017; 184:167-180. [PMID: 29106913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the tractional alterations of the central bouquet (CB) in idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERMs). DESIGN Retrospective, consecutive, observational case series. METHODS ERMs were classified according to a 4-stage grading system. The CB was defined as a circular area of approximately 100 μm composed of densely packed cones (and Müller cells) in the central fovea. Tractional abnormalities of the CB were identified with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Ex vivo histopathologic analysis was performed. RESULTS In this study 263 eyes with ERMs were included. Mean follow-up was 21.2 ± 16.7 months. At baseline, tractional abnormalities of the CB were diagnosed in 58 out of 263 eyes (22%) and divided into 3 categories: cotton ball sign (defined as a fuzzy hyperreflective area between the ellipsoid zone and the interdigitation zone in the central fovea), foveolar detachment, and acquired vitelliform lesion. The presence of ectopic inner foveal layers was negatively correlated with the presence of CB tractional abnormalities (P = .002). Visual acuity was highest in association with the cotton ball sign and lowest in the acquired vitelliform lesion group. Sequential morphologic progression was identified in 7 eyes. Ex vivo histopathologic analysis illustrated characteristic staining patterns supporting a potential mechanism of traction by Müller cells in the CB. CONCLUSIONS The cotton ball sign, foveolar detachment, and acquired vitelliform lesion may comprise a continuum in the same clinical spectrum and may represent subsequent stages of CB abnormalities. Foveal Müller cells may play an integral role in the transmission of mechanical forces to the central foveal cones.
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Wilson JT, Gerber MJ, Prince SW, Chen CW, Schwartz SD, Hubschman JP, Tsao TC. Intraocular robotic interventional surgical system (IRISS): Mechanical design, evaluation, and master-slave manipulation. Int J Med Robot 2017; 14. [PMID: 28762253 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the advent of robotic-assisted surgery, the value of using robotic systems to assist in surgical procedures has been repeatedly demonstrated. However, existing technologies are unable to perform complete, multi-step procedures from start to finish. Many intraocular surgical steps continue to be manually performed. METHODS An intraocular robotic interventional surgical system (IRISS) capable of performing various intraocular surgical procedures was designed, fabricated, and evaluated. Methods were developed to evaluate the performance of the remote centers of motion (RCMs) using a stereo-camera setup and to assess the accuracy and precision of positioning the tool tip using an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. RESULTS The IRISS can simultaneously manipulate multiple surgical instruments, change between mounted tools using an onboard tool-change mechanism, and visualize the otherwise invisible RCMs to facilitate alignment of the RCM to the surgical incision. The accuracy of positioning the tool tip was measured to be 0.205±0.003 mm. The IRISS was evaluated by trained surgeons in a remote surgical theatre using post-mortem pig eyes and shown to be effective in completing many key steps in a variety of intraocular surgical procedures as well as being capable of performing an entire cataract extraction from start to finish. CONCLUSIONS The IRISS represents a necessary step towards fully automated intraocular surgery and demonstrated accurate and precise master-slave manipulation for cataract removal and-through visual feedback-retinal vein cannulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Wilson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, UCLA, USA
| | - Matthew J Gerber
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, UCLA, USA
| | - Stephen W Prince
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, UCLA, USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, UCLA, USA
| | | | | | - Tsu-Chin Tsao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, UCLA, USA
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Kavanagh BD, Khandelwal SR, Schmidt-Ullrich RK, Roberts JD, Shaw EG, Pearlman AD, Venitz J, Dusenbery KE, Abraham DJ, Gerber MJ. A phase I study of RSR13, a radiation-enhancing hemoglobin modifier: tolerance of repeated intravenous doses and correlation of pharmacokinetics with pharmacodynamics. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 49:1133-9. [PMID: 11240256 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)01532-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies indicate that RSR13 oxygenates and radiosensitizes hypoxic solid tumors by decreasing the oxygen (O(2))-binding affinity of hemoglobin (Hb). A Phase I open-label, multicenter dose and frequency escalation study was conducted to assess the safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic effect of daily RSR13 administration to cancer patients receiving concurrent palliative radiotherapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Eligibility criteria included the following: ECOG performance status < or =2; resting and exercise arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) > or =90%; an indication for palliative RT, 20-40 Gy in 10-15 fractions. RSR13 was administered i.v. via central vein over 60 min immediately before RT. Patients received supplemental O(2) via nasal cannula at 4 L/min during RSR13 infusion and RT. Plasma, red blood cell (RBC), and urine RSR13 concentrations were assayed. The pharmacodynamic effect of RSR13 on Hb-O(2) binding affinity was quantified by multipoint tonometry and expressed as an increase in p50, defined as the partial pressure of O(2) that results in 50% SaO(2). The RSR13 dose in the first cohort was 75 mg/kg once a week for two doses; successive cohorts received higher, more frequent doses up to 100 mg/kg/day for 10 days during RT. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled in the study. Repeated daily doses of RSR13 were generally well tolerated. Two adverse events of note occurred: (1) A patient with pre-existing restrictive lung disease had transient persistent hypoxemia after the sixth RSR13 dose; (2) a patient with a recurrent glioma receiving high-dose corticosteroids had edema after the seventh RSR13 dose, likely due to the daily high-volume fluid infusions. Both patients recovered to baseline status with conservative management. Maximum pharmacodynamic effect occurred at the end of RSR13 infusion and was proportional to the RBC RSR13 concentration. After an RSR13 dose of 100 mg/kg, the peak increase in p50 averaged 8.1 mm Hg, consistent with the targeted physiologic effect, and then diminished with a half-life of approximately 5 h. CONCLUSIONS RSR13 was well tolerated in daily doses up to 100 mg/kg administered for 10 days during RT. The combined administration of RSR13 with 4 L/min supplemental O(2) yielded pharmacodynamic conditions in which hypoxic tumor radiosensitization can occur. Ongoing Phase II and Phase III studies are evaluating the combination of RT and RSR13 for selected indications, including primary brain tumors, brain metastases, and non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Kavanagh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0058, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Cartilage-perichondrium grafting of the tympanic membrane has been used in an effort to reduce recurrence or progression of middle ear disease. The rigidity of cartilage has obvious benefit in preventing tympanic membrane retraction, but concern has been raised regarding its sound conduction properties Few studies in the literature address hearing results after cartilage tympanoplasty. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hearing results after primary cartilage tympanoplasty and compare them with results after primary tympanoplasty with temporalis fascia. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective review of all ear surgeries using cartilage between 1994 and 1999 was performed. METHODS Only primary cases in which the ossicular chain was intact and no mastoid surgery was performed were included. Indications for surgery included tympanic membrane perforation, retraction, and cholesteatoma Pre- and postoperative speech reception thresholds and air-bone gaps at 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, and 4,000 Hz were compared. RESULTS Eleven patients comprised the cartilage study group, and there were 11 age- and temporally matched control subjects. The mean improvement in speech reception threshold for both the study group and the control group was 10 dB. The majority of patients in both groups had ABG closure to within 10 dB at all frequencies examined. There were no statistically significant differences in speech reception threshold improvement or air-bone gap closures between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that hearing results after cartilage tympanoplasty are comparable to those after temporalis fascia tympanoplasty. Therefore, when indicated, a cartilage-perichondrium graft can be used for prevention of disease recurrence or progression without fear of impairing hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gerber
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Gerber MJ, Scali JD, Michaud A, Durand MD, Astre CM, Dallongeville J, Romon MM. Profiles of a healthful diet and its relationship to biomarkers in a population sample from Mediterranean southern France. J Am Diet Assoc 2000; 100:1164-71. [PMID: 11043701 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(00)00340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The failure of single-nutrient supplementation to prevent disease in intervention studies underlines the necessity to develop a holistic view of food intake. The objectives of this study were to devise a diet quality index (DQI) and identify biomarkers of multidimensional dietary behavior. DESIGN A nutrition survey was conducted in Mediterranean southern France by means of a food frequency questionnaire. The DQI was based on current dietary recommendations for prevention of diet-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and some cancers. A second DQI included tobacco use. STATISTICAL ANALYSES performed Spearman rank correlations, cross-classifications and intraclass correlations were computed between the DQI and biomarkers. RESULTS Of the 146 subjects, 10 had a healthful diet and 18 had a poor diet. Erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-beta carotene, and vitamin E concentrations were lower and cholesterol concentrations were higher in the poor diet; the difference was significant for EPA and DHA and borderline significant for vitamin E. Significant correlation was found between the DQI and vitamin E (-0.12), EPA (-0.30), and DHA (-0.28), and beta carotene (-0.17) when tobacco use was considered, but not between the DQI and cholesterol. The correlation coefficient reached 0.58 (P0.01) for a composite index based on all biomarkers except cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with a beta carotene levels greater thanl micromol/L, vitamin E greater than 30 micromol/L and EPA greater than 0.65% and DHA greater than 4% of fatty acids in erythrocytes were likely to have a healthful diet. Each biomarker indicated the quality of diet, but correlation was higher with a composite index.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gerber
- Groupe d'Epidémiologie Métabolique, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, Montpellier, France
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Formby C, Gerber MJ, Sherlock LP, Magder LS. Evidence for an across-frequency, between-channel process in asymptotic monaural temporal gap detection. J Acoust Soc Am 1998; 103:3554-3560. [PMID: 9637037 DOI: 10.1121/1.423084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Monaurally measured temporal gap detection (TGD) thresholds characteristically increase as the frequency difference is increased over a range of about half an octave to an octave between two sinusoids that mark the onset and offset of the silent gap. For greater sinusoidal frequency separations, the TGD thresholds often become asymptotic. This pattern probably reflects two different processes. The first process likely reflects within-channel processing within a single auditory filter or channel. The second process is less certain, but may reflect between-channel processing of the silent gap stimulus across two or more independent frequency channels. To evaluate the hypothesis that asymptotic monaural gap detection can be explained by a simple between-channel process, TGD thresholds were measured as a function of frequency separation between a pregap sinusoid presented to the left ear (channel 1) and a postgap sinusoid, of higher frequency, presented to the right ear (channel 2). The rationale for dichotic presentation of the sinusoidal markers and gap signal followed from the fact that the gap detection task must be performed between two independent channels by combining the outputs from each channel (ear) and recovering the gap information centrally. The resulting TGD thresholds for pregap sinusoids from 250 to 4000 Hz were relatively invariant and increased only slightly with increasing marker frequency separation. The average TGD thresholds for four listeners were in the range of 30 to 40 ms, which corresponded closely with their asymptotic TGD thresholds for the same set of stimulus conditions measured monaurally. This correspondence of the two data sets supports an across-frequency, between-channel process for asymptotic monaural gap detection at marker frequency separations greater than about half an octave.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Formby
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Doppenberg EM, Watson JC, Bullock R, Gerber MJ, Zauner A, Abraham DJ. The rationale for, and effects of oxygen delivery enhancement to ischemic brain in a feline model of human stroke. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997; 825:241-57. [PMID: 9369991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reduced brain tissue oxygenation is frequently seen in severe head injury and after subarachnoid hemorrhage, and this is considered a major cause of secondary ischemic brain injury. In fact, in a previous study, we found a tight correlation between low brain tissue oxygen tension and poor outcome. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that an allosteric modifier of hemoglobin, which improves oxygen transport to tissue, could reduce the size of an acute infarct in a feline model of human stroke. This compound produces a shift in the hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right and therefore facilitates the unloading of oxygen during low oxygen tension. Seventeen adult cats were studied. Ischemic stroke was induced through a transorbital, permanent, middle cerebral artery occlusion. Seven animals received saline, and 10 received the allosteric Hb modifier RSR-13. Three different endpoints were used to determine the effect of the allosteric modifier. Delta p50 values were measured in the arterial blood; the intra-infarct oxygen tension was measured, and finally, the volume of the infarct was assessed using TTC staining. Mean delta p50 changes varied from 10.4 +/- 9.2 mmHg up to 15.0 +/- 6.8 mmHg. Mean intra-infarct oxygen tension was 27 +/- 6 mmHg for the control group and 33 +/- 7 mmHg for the drug-treated animals. The mean infarct size (measured as percentage of hemisphere volume) in the control group was 32 +/- 9% and for the RSR-13 animals 22 +/- 10% (p < 0.05). A definitive trend towards improvement in brain oxygen tension was seen, such that animals pretreated with RSR-13 showed a higher infarct oxygen tension. Infarct size was significantly reduced in the drug group. Therefore, RSR-13 is potentially beneficial in the treatment of brain ischemia. Since human studies with this compound are already completed, and other compounds which increase oxygen delivery, such as perfluorocarbons, are already being evaluated, it is likely that oxygen delivery enhancement will rapidly become the first 'neuroprotective' modality, employed in patients with severe brain injury, stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Doppenberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0631, USA.
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Bernard NL, Astre CM, Vuillot B, Saintot MJ, Gerber MJ. Measurement of background urban nitrogen dioxide pollution levels with passive samplers in Montpellier, France. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 1997; 7:165-78. [PMID: 9185010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution levels in Montpellier were measured in the context of an assessment operation carried out by the local monitoring network (AMPADI-LR), using Palmes passive samplers. The equipment was validated by continuous measurement with automatic chemiluminescence analyzers. Measurements from representative background pollution sites and the ensuing cartographic representation provide information about local pollution data, a description of seasonal evolution and an assessment of the influence of various sources. The study may be used to define parameters for establishing an exposure index, taking into account roads with heavy traffic, which affects the distribution of NO2 over Montpellier, and meteorological factors. This is a pilot study which will subsequently be used for a more precise assessment measuring the personal exposure of inhabitants, for the purposes of a study on effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Bernard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Montpellier, France.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists regarding the use of magnesium in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) because of apparent conflicting results from clinical trials. One hypothesis to explain the various clinical observations proposes that the timing of magnesium administration significantly influences its therapeutic effect; ie, supraphysiological levels of Mg2+ must be present at the time of reperfusion for magnesium to produce clinical benefit. METHODS AND RESULTS These experiments evaluated the effect of varying the timing of magnesium administration during AMI. Female Yorkshire swine (34 to 42 kg) underwent thoracotomy and 50 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion, followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. In the first group, MgSO4 (250 mg of magnesium diluted in 60 cm3 saline) was infused into the LAD over 12 minutes, beginning immediately with the onset of reperfusion (n = 6, Mg-early group). In the second group, MgSO4 was given after 1 hour of reperfusion (n = 6, Mg-late group). Six pigs received saline instead of magnesium and served as the control group. Lethal arrhythmias were significantly reduced in the Mg-early group. Infarct size was determined by vital staining. Infarct size was 0.16 +/- 0.05 g/kg body wt (Mg-early), 0.35 +/- 0.08 g/kg (Mg-late), and 0.42 +/- 0.04 g/kg for the control group. Compared with the control group, significant (P = .029) reduction in infarct size occurred in the Mg-early group but not in the Mg-late group. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that intracoronary MgSO4 delivered during reperfusion can significantly diminish infarct size in swine, but the timing of administration is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Herzog
- University of Maryland Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Shoemaker SA, Gerber MJ, Evans GL, Archer-Paik LE, Scoggin CH. Initial clinical experience with a rationally designed, genetically engineered recombinant human hemoglobin. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol 1994; 22:457-65. [PMID: 7994368 DOI: 10.3109/10731199409117874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Gerber MJ, Drabkin HA, Firnhaber C, Miller YE, Scoggin CH, Smith DI. Regional localization of chromosome 3-specific DNA fragments by using a hybrid cell deletion mapping panel. Am J Hum Genet 1988; 43:442-51. [PMID: 2902784 PMCID: PMC1715492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of human chromosome 3-specific DNA fragments isolated and characterized from a lamda phage genomic library were regionally localized on human chromosome 3. This was accomplished using filter hybridization blot analysis of a human chromosome 3 hybrid cell deletion mapping panel. Twenty-three new anonymous DNA fragments were assigned to one of four physical regions of chromosome 3. Seventeen DNA fragments were mapped to the long arm of chromosome 3, including one DNA fragment that demonstrated a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Five DNA fragments were assigned to 3p14.2----pter, including one highly polymorphic fragment sublocalized at 3p25----pter by in situ hybridization. This DNA fragment is the second reported distal 3p polymorphic probe. One DNA fragment was localized to 3p14----p14.2. In addition, three fragments previously assigned to chromosome 3 were confirmed. Polymorphic DNA probes DNF15S2 (formerly D1S1) and D3S2 were mapped to 3p14.2----pter. The previous 3p25 in situ localization of the c-raf-1 oncogene was supported by deletion panel mapping. The physical localization of these twenty-three new DNA fragments has more than doubled the number of cloned DNA fragments assigned to chromosome 3. These and future regional assignments of DNA fragment probes will facilitate construction of both a physical and genetic linkage map of chromosome 3. They may also be useful in characterizing the chromosomal and molecular aberrations involved in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), renal cell carcinoma, other malignancies, and the 3p14.2 common fragile site.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gerber
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute for Cancer Research, Inc., Denver, CO 80206
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Gerber MJ, Miller YE, Drabkin HA, Scoggin CH. Regional assignment of the polymorphic probe D3S3 to 3p14 by molecular hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1986; 42:72-4. [PMID: 3720360 DOI: 10.1159/000132254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphic DNA probe D3S3 was assigned to 3p14 by molecular hybridization using a human chromosome 3/hamster somatic cell hybrid deletion panel. This is the first regional assignment of a polymorphic probe to the short arm of chromosome 3. This probe appears to be proximal to the chromosome 3 fragile site and, therefore, may prove useful in characterizing the 3p chromosomal aberrations that occur in various malignant diseases.
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Abstract
This study examined the role of verbal factors in visual learning and recognition of 36 good and 36 poor readers of normal intelligence. These second and third grade boys studied 3 sets of paired-associates in which pictorial stimuli were paired with letters, geometric designs, or abstract shapes. Recognition memory was assessed. Verbal factors measured were knowledge of names of letters and shapes, latency to label production, and verbal mediational strategies. Poor readers did not differ from good readers on any of the measures of verbal processing. Letters, geometric designs, and abstract shapes differed from one another on latency to production of labels or verbal codability. Poor readers performed significantly more poorly than good readers on the recognition task regardless of the codability of the stimuli. These findings are consistent with a perceptual deficit view of visual recognition problems of young boys who are poor readers.
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Gerber MJ, Brown ER. In vivo and in vitro evaluation of immune response of hamsters to immunization and transplants of autochthonous reticulum cell sarcoma. Cancer Res 1973; 33:3029-35. [PMID: 4583977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gerber MJ, Brown ER. Studies of reticulum cell sarcoma in hamsters. Cancer Res 1972; 32:2075-81. [PMID: 4343005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/analysis
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cell-Free System/drug effects
- Cell-Free System/radiation effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Complement Fixation Tests
- Cortisone/pharmacology
- Cricetinae
- Culture Techniques
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/isolation & purification
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/pathogenicity
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/etiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/microbiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Mice
- Microscopy, Electron
- Mononuclear Phagocyte System
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Radiation Effects
- Sarcoma, Experimental/immunology
- Sarcoma, Experimental/microbiology
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Albach RA, Gerber MJ, Brown ER. In vitro uptake of tritium from uridine-5-H3 into RNA (and DNA) in normal and murine leukemia virus infected mouse embryo tissue. Can J Microbiol 1970; 16:1095-9. [PMID: 4321559 DOI: 10.1139/m70-184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The multiplication and release into the medium of a murine leukemic virus (GC) occurs in mouse embryo tissue cultures. Autoradiographic analysis of such infected and uninfected cultures after 24-h labeling periods with uridine-5-H3 demonstrated extensive nuclear and cytoplasmic activity. Such activity was always more extensive in infected cultures, indicating that they were more metabolically active than uninfected cultures. The cytoplasmic activity was apparently in single-stranded RNA, since it was completely removed with pancreatic RNase. A portion of the nuclear label which was RNase-resistant was in DNA, since RNase followed by DNase, or the reverse, removed all label.Autoradiographic analysis of cultures given pulse labels of uridine-5-H3 from 5 to 60 min revealed only nuclear label, always more extensive in infected cultures. This indicates that the synthesis of "rapidly labeled" RNA is enhanced by viral infection; this occurs even within 2 h after infection. Nuclear activity observed after 5- and 10-min pulses was removed by buffers containing RNase or DNase. Possibly this label was in diffusible low molecular weight species of RNA. After 30-min pulses, activity was exclusively associated with pancreatic RNase-sensitive single-stranded RNA. After 60-min labeling, tritium from uridine-5-H3 was taken up into nuclear DNA in addition to RNA.
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Abstract
Phosphate stimulates penicillinase formation in Bacillus cereus 569. The rate of penicillinase synthesis in the presence of 0.3 m phosphate, pH 7.0, is approximately 10-fold greater than that for uninduced cells, while the rate of synthesis in the presence of 0.3 m phosphate and 1 unit/ml of penicillin is approximately fourfold greater than in the presence of penicillin alone. When phosphate-induced cells are transferred to low phosphate medium, the rate of penicillinase synthesis rapidly reverts to that of uninduced cells. Furthermore, the phosphate-induced synthesis of the enzyme is inhibited by either chloramphenicol or actinomycin D. These antibiotics are known to inhibit protein synthesis and deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis, respectively. Thus, phosphate appears to induce the synthesis of a species of RNA that is required for the synthesis of penicillinase in B. cereus 569. The penicillin-dependent induction lag for penicillinase was compared in high and low phosphate media. It was found that, at 37 C, the penicillin-dependent lag is approximately 3 min in the presence of 0.3 m phosphate and approximately 6 min in low phosphate medium.
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