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Baudou FG, Rodriguez JP, Fusco L, de Roodt AR, De Marzi MC, Leiva L. South American snake venoms with abundant neurotoxic components. Composition and toxicological properties. A literature review. Acta Trop 2021; 224:106119. [PMID: 34481791 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In South America there are three snake genera with predominantly neurotoxic venoms: Crotalus, Micrurus and Hydrophis, which include nine species/subspecies, 97 species and a single marine species, respectively. Although accidents with neurotoxic venoms are less frequent than those with anticoagulant, cytotoxic or necrotic venoms (e.g. from Bothrops), they are of major public health importance. Venoms from genus Crotalus have been extensively studied, while data on the venoms from the other two genera are very limited, especially for Hydrophis. The venoms of North and South American Crotalus species show biochemical and physiopathological differences. The former species cause bothrops-like envenomation symptoms, while the latter mainly have neurotoxic and myotoxic effects, leading to respiratory paralysis and, occasionally, renal failure by myoglobinuria and death, often with no local lesions. Micrurus and Hydrophis also cause neurotoxic envenomations. Many studies have isolated, identified and characterized new enzymes and toxins, thus expanding the knowledge of snake venom composition. The present review summarizes the currently available information on neurotoxic venoms from South American snakes, with a focus on protein composition and toxicological properties. It also includes some comments concerning potential medical applications of elapid and crotalic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico G Baudou
- Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu), Depto. de Ciencias Básicas, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), UNLu-CONICET, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan P Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Facultad de Medicina (LIBIM), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA-NEA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Luciano Fusco
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Proteínas (LabInPro), IQUIBA-NEA (UNNE, CONICET), FaCENA, (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Adolfo R de Roodt
- Área Investigación y Desarrollo-Venenos, Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Argentina; Primera Cátedra de Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Toxinopatología, Centro de Patología Experimental y Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio C De Marzi
- Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu), Depto. de Ciencias Básicas, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), UNLu-CONICET, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Leiva
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Proteínas (LabInPro), IQUIBA-NEA (UNNE, CONICET), FaCENA, (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
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Baudou FG, Fusco L, Giorgi E, Diaz E, Municoy S, Desimone MF, Leiva L, De Marzi MC. Physicochemical and biological characterization of nanovenoms, a new tool formed by silica nanoparticles and Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Noli Truant S, De Marzi MC, Sarratea MB, Antonoglou MB, Meo AP, Iannantuono López LV, Fernández Lynch MJ, Todone M, Malchiodi EL, Fernández MM. egc Superantigens Impair Monocytes/Macrophages Inducing Cell Death and Inefficient Activation. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3008. [PMID: 32010128 PMCID: PMC6974467 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial superantigens (SAgs) are enterotoxins that bind to MHC-II and TCR molecules, activating as much as 20% of the T cell population and promoting a cytokine storm which enhances susceptibility to endotoxic shock, causing immunosuppression, and hindering the immune response against bacterial infection. Since monocytes/macrophages are one of the first cells SAgs find in infected host and considering the effect these cells have on directing the immune response, here, we investigated the effect of four non-classical SAgs of the staphylococcal egc operon, namely, SEG, SEI, SEO, and SEM on monocytic-macrophagic cells, in the absence of T cells. We also analyzed the molecular targets on APCs which could mediate SAg effects. We found that egc SAgs depleted the pool of innate immune effector cells and induced an inefficient activation of monocytic-macrophagic cells, driving the immune response to an impaired proinflammatory profile, which could be mediated directly or indirectly by interactions with MHC class II. In addition, performing surface plasmon resonance assays, we demonstrated that non-classical SAgs bind the gp130 molecule, which is also present in the monocytic cell surface, among other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Noli Truant
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio C De Marzi
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), UNLU-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - María B Sarratea
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Antonoglou
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana P Meo
- Hospital Dr. J. M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura V Iannantuono López
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Fernández Lynch
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Todone
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), UNLU-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Argentina
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa M Fernández
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral "Prof. Ricardo A. Margni" (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Nanoparticles have gained ground in several fields. However, it is important to consider their potentially
hazardous effects on humans, flora, and fauna. Human exposure to nanomaterials can occur unintentionally
in daily life or in industrial settings, and the continuous exposure of the biological components (cells, receptors,
proteins, etc.) of the immune system to these particles can trigger an unwanted immune response (activation or
suppression). Here, we present different studies that have been carried out to evaluate the response of immune
cells in the presence of nanoparticles and their possible applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mitarotonda
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Instituto de Ecologia y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) UNLu-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Exequiel Giorgi
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Instituto de Ecologia y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) UNLu-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín F. Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Quimica y Metabolismo del Farmaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio C. De Marzi
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia, Instituto de Ecologia y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) UNLu-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cerny N, Sánchez Alberti A, Bivona AE, De Marzi MC, Frank FM, Cazorla SI, Malchiodi EL. Coadministration of cruzipain and GM-CSF DNAs, a new immunotherapeutic vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:438-50. [PMID: 26312947 PMCID: PMC5049742 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1078044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccine research and development are especially important in Chagas disease considering the characteristics of the chronic infection and the number of people in the Americas living with a parasite infection for decades. We have previously reported the efficacy of attenuated Salmonella enterica (S) carrying plasmid encoding cruzipain (SCz) to protect against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. In the present work we investigated whether Cz DNA vaccine immunotherapy could be effective in controlling an ongoing T. cruzi infection in mice. We here report the intramuscular administration of naked Cz DNA or the oral administration of Salmonella as Cz DNA delivery system as therapeutic vaccines in mice during acute or chronic infection. The coadministration of a plasmid encoding GM-CSF improved vaccine performance, indicating that the stimulation of innate immune cells is needed in the event of an ongoing infection. These therapeutic vaccines were able to address the response to a protective and sustained Th1 biased profile not only against Cz but also against a variety of parasite antigens. The combined therapeutic vaccine during the chronic phase of infection prevents tissue pathology as shown by a reduced level of enzyme activity characteristic of tissue damage and a tissue status compatible with normal tissue. The obtained results suggest that immunotherapy with Cz and GM-CSF DNAs, either alone or in combination with other drug treatments, may represent a promising alternative for Chagas disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Cerny
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; IMPaM (UBA-CONICET) y Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; UBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología; Departamento Ciencias Básicas- INEDES; Universidad Nacional de Luján; Luján, Argentina
| | - Andrés Sánchez Alberti
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; IMPaM (UBA-CONICET) y Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; UBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto E Bivona
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; IMPaM (UBA-CONICET) y Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; UBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio C De Marzi
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología; Departamento Ciencias Básicas- INEDES; Universidad Nacional de Luján; Luján, Argentina
| | - Fernanda M Frank
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; IMPaM (UBA-CONICET) y Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; UBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I Cazorla
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; IMPaM (UBA-CONICET) y Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; UBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; IMPaM (UBA-CONICET) y Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; UBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina
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De Marzi MC, Todone M, Ganem MB, Wang Q, Mariuzza RA, Fernández MM, Malchiodi EL. Peptidoglycan recognition protein-peptidoglycan complexes increase monocyte/macrophage activation and enhance the inflammatory response. Immunology 2015; 145:429-42. [PMID: 25752767 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRP) are pattern recognition receptors that can bind or hydrolyse peptidoglycan (PGN). Four human PGRP have been described: PGRP-S, PGRP-L, PGRP-Iα and PGRP-Iβ. Mammalian PGRP-S has been implicated in intracellular destruction of bacteria by polymorphonuclear cells, PGRP-Iα and PGRP-Iβ have been found in keratinocytes and epithelial cells, and PGRP-L is a serum protein that hydrolyses PGN. We have expressed recombinant human PGRP and observed that PGRP-S and PGRP-Iα exist as monomer and disulphide dimer proteins. The PGRP dimers maintain their biological functions. We detected the PGRP-S dimer in human serum and polymorphonuclear cells, from where it is secreted after degranulation; these cells being a possible source of serum PGRP-S. Recombinant PGRP do not act as bactericidal or bacteriostatic agents in the assayed conditions; however, PGRP-S and PGRP-Iα cause slight damage in the bacterial membrane. Monocytes/macrophages increase Staphylococcus aureus phagocytosis in the presence of PGRP-S, PGRP-Iα and PGRP-Iβ. All PGRP bind to monocyte/macrophage membranes and are endocytosed by them. In addition, all PGRP protect cells from PGN-induced apoptosis. PGRP increase THP-1 cell proliferation and enhance activation by PGN. PGRP-S-PGN complexes increase the membrane expression of CD14, CD80 and CD86, and enhance secretion of interleukin-8, interleukin-12 and tumour necrosis factor-α, but reduce interleukin-10, clearly inducing an inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio C De Marzi
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Todone
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B Ganem
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Qian Wang
- W. M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Roy A Mariuzza
- W. M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marisa M Fernández
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ganem MB, De Marzi MC, Fernández-Lynch MJ, Jancic C, Vermeulen M, Geffner J, Mariuzza RA, Fernández MM, Malchiodi EL. Uptake and intracellular trafficking of superantigens in dendritic cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66244. [PMID: 23799083 PMCID: PMC3682983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial superantigens (SAgs) are exotoxins produced mainly by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes that can cause toxic shock syndrome (TSS). According to current paradigm, SAgs interact directly and simultaneously with T cell receptor (TCR) on the T cell and MHC class II (MHC-II) on the antigen-presenting cell (APC), thereby circumventing intracellular processing to trigger T cell activation. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs that coat nearly all body surfaces and are the most probable candidate to interact with SAgs. We demonstrate that SAgs are taken up by mouse DCs without triggering DC maturation. SAgs were found in intracellular acidic compartment of DCs as biologically active molecules. Moreover, SAgs co-localized with EEA1, RAB-7 and LAMP-2, at different times, and were then recycled to the cell membrane. DCs loaded with SAgs are capable of triggering in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and, injected into mice, stimulate T cells bearing the proper TCR in draining lymph nodes. Transportation and trafficking of SAgs in DCs might increase the local concentration of these exotoxins where they will produce the highest effect by promoting their encounter with both MHC-II and TCR in lymph nodes, and may explain how just a few SAg molecules can induce the severe pathology associated with TSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B. Ganem
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio C. De Marzi
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J. Fernández-Lynch
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Jancic
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Vermeulen
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Geffner
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roy A. Mariuzza
- University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, W. M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marisa M. Fernández
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio L. Malchiodi
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Bellino MG, Golbert S, De Marzi MC, Soler-Illia GJAA, Desimone MF. Controlled adhesion and proliferation of a human osteoblastic cell line by tuning the nanoporosity of titania and silica coatings. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:186-189. [DOI: 10.1039/c2bm00136e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Desimone MF, De Marzi MC, Alvarez GS, Mathov I, Diaz LE, Malchiodi EL. Production of monoclonal antibodies from hybridoma cells immobilized in 3D sol–gel silica matrices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11888a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fernández MM, Cho S, De Marzi MC, Kerzic MC, Robinson H, Mariuzza RA, Malchiodi EL. Crystal structure of staphylococcal enterotoxin G (SEG) in complex with a mouse T-cell receptor {beta} chain. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:1189-95. [PMID: 21059660 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.142471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Superantigens (SAgs) are bacterial or viral toxins that bind MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules and T-cell receptor (TCR) in a nonconventional manner, inducing T-cell activation that leads to inflammatory cytokine production, which may result in acute toxic shock. In addition, the emerging threat of purpura fulminans and community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus emphasizes the importance of a better characterization of SAg binding to their natural ligands that may allow the development of reagents to neutralize their action. The three-dimensional structure of the complex between a mouse TCR β chain (mVβ8.2) and staphylococcal enterotoxin G (SEG) at 2.0 Å resolution revealed a binding site that does not conserve the "hot spots" present in mVβ8.2-SEC2, mVβ8.2-SEC3, mVβ8.2-SEB, and mVβ8.2-SPEA complexes. Analysis of the mVβ8.2-SEG interface allowed us to explain the higher affinity of this complex compared with the others, which may account for the early activation of T-cells bearing mVβ8.2 by SEG. This mode of interaction between SEG and mVβ8.2 could be an adaptive advantage to bestow on the pathogen a faster rate of colonization of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Fernández
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof Ricardo A. Margni, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4to P, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Blanco GA, Malchiodi EL, De Marzi MC. Cellular clot formation in a sipunculan worm: Entrapment of foreign particles, cell death and identification of a PGRP-related protein. J Invertebr Pathol 2008; 99:156-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Copello GJ, De Marzi MC, Desimone MF, Malchiodi EL, Díaz LE. Antibody detection employing sol-gel immobilized parasites. J Immunol Methods 2008; 335:65-70. [PMID: 18448116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2008.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) are useful diagnostic techniques for specific antibody detection for different diseases. Both involve several alternatives for immobilization of cells, such as solvent or heat fixation. Non-covalent immobilization implies rigorous storage conditions at -20 degrees C to preserve the slides, and usually numerous cells are detached during the washing steps, which can lead to inconsistencies in the results. Sol-gel chemistry is usually used for coating different materials because of the mild conditions of the polymerization reaction and the ability to introduce functional groups to a wide variety of surfaces. We have developed a novel procedure for the attachment of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes and Leishmania guyanensis promastigotes to a silicon oxide polymer covered glass surface. The film was prepared using standard microscope slides with tetraethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane as polymeric precursors. When acetone was used as the major coating solvent, the IFA showed the fluorescence of the attached parasites without matrix background interference. Similar results were observed when the IPA was evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of the sol-gel immobilized parasite slides were comparable with the heat fixation technique. The performance of the coated slides was maintained for at least 2 months at 4 degrees C storage temperature. This immobilization method does not affect the molecular epitopes of the attached cells. Thus, homogeneous, ready to use, long lasting coated slides were obtained, which are appropriate for field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo J Copello
- Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fernández MM, Bhattacharya S, De Marzi MC, Brown PH, Kerzic M, Schuck P, Mariuzza RA, Malchiodi EL. Superantigen natural affinity maturation revealed by the crystal structure of staphylococcal enterotoxin G and its binding to T-cell receptor Vβ8.2. Proteins 2007; 68:389-402. [PMID: 17427250 DOI: 10.1002/prot.21388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The illnesses associated with bacterial superantigens (SAgs) such as food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome, as well as the emerging threat of purpura fulminans and community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus producer of SAgs, emphasize the importance of a better characterization of SAg binding to their natural ligands, which would allow the development of drugs or biological reagents able to neutralize their action. SAgs are toxins that bind major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (MHC-II) and T-cell receptors (TCR), in a nonconventional manner, inducing T-cell activation that leads to production of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-2, which may result in acute toxic shock. Previously, we cloned and expressed a new natural variant of staphylococcal enterotoxin G (SEG) and evaluated its ability to stimulate in vivo murine T-cell subpopulations. We found an early, strong, and widespread stimulation of mouse Vbeta8.2 T-cells when compared with other SAgs member of the SEB subfamily. In search for the reason of the strong mitogenic potency, we determined the SEG crystal structure by X-ray crystallography to 2.2 A resolution and analyzed SEG binding to mVbeta8.2 and MHC-II. Calorimetry and SPR analysis showed that SEG has an affinity for mVbeta8.2 40 to 100-fold higher than that reported for other members of SEB subfamily, and the highest reported for a wild type SAg-TCR couple. We also found that mutations introduced in mVbeta8.2 to produce a high affinity mutant for other members of the SEB subfamily do not greatly affect binding to SEG. Crystallographic analysis and docking into mVbeta8.2 in complex with SEB, SEC3, and SPEA showed that the deletions and substitution of key amino acids remodeled the putative surface of the mVbeta8.2 binding site without affecting the binding to MHC-II. This results in a SAg with improved binding to its natural ligands, which may confer a possible evolutionary advantage for bacterial strains expressing SEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Fernández
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral, Laboratorio de Inmunología Estructural, CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fernández MM, De Marzi MC, Berguer P, Burzyn D, Langley RJ, Piazzon I, Mariuzza RA, Malchiodi EL. Binding of natural variants of staphylococcal superantigens SEG and SEI to TCR and MHC class II molecule. Mol Immunol 2006; 43:927-38. [PMID: 16023209 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SEG and SEI are staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs) identified recently that belong to the egc operon and whose genes are in tandem orientation. Only a few allelic variants of SEG and SEI have been reported. Here we analyzed four Staphylococcus aureus strains with genotypic variation in both SAgs. However, both SAgs retain key residues in their putative TCR and MHC binding sites and, accordingly, their superantigenic properties. Thus, SEI significantly stimulates mouse T-cells bearing Vbeta3, 5 and 13, while SEG stimulates Vbeta7 and 9 in the draining node when inoculated in the footpad. As another member of the SEB subfamily, SEG also stimulates mouse Vbeta8.1+2. However, the increase in Vbeta8.1+2 T-cells observed at day 2 after inoculation reverts to normal values at day 4, whereas it remains high at day 4 following inoculation with SEC3 or SSA. T-cell stimulation assays in the mouse and analysis of the putative Vbeta8.2 binding site on SEG, which includes three non-conserved residues, suggest a possibly unique interaction between Vbeta8.2 and SEG. We also analyzed biochemical and biophysical characteristics of SEI and SEG binding to their cognate human beta chains by surface plasmon resonance, and binding to the HLA-DR1 MHC class II molecule by gel filtration. SEI binds human Vbeta5.2 and Vbeta1 with apparent K(D)'s of 23 and 118 microM, respectively; SEG binds Vbeta13.6 with a K(D) of 5 microM. As suggested by sequence homology, SEI requires Zn2+ for strong binding to DR1, which goes undetected in the presence of EDTA. SEG and SEI have characteristics such as co-expression, different interaction with MHC class II and stimulation of completely different subsets of human and mouse T-cells, which indicate complementary superantigenic activity and suggest an important advantage to staphylococcal strains in producing them both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Fernández
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Desimone MF, De Marzi MC, Copello GJ, Fernández MM, Malchiodi EL, Diaz LE. Efficient preservation in a silicon oxide matrix of Escherichia coli, producer of recombinant proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 68:747-52. [PMID: 15702314 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-1912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 12/27/2004] [Accepted: 01/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the use of silicon oxide matrices for the immobilization and preservation of recombinant-protein-producing bacteria. We immobilized Escherichia coli BL21 transformants containing different expression plasmids. One contained DNA coding for a T-cell receptor beta chain, which was expressed as inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm. The other two encoded bacterial superantigens Staphylococcal Enterotoxin G and Streptococcal Superantigen, which were expressed as soluble proteins in the periplasm. The properties of immobilization and storage stability in inorganic matrices prepared from two precursors, silicon dioxide and tetraethoxysilane, were studied. Immobilized E. coli was stored in sealed tubes at 4 and 20 degrees C and the number of viable cells and level of recombinant protein production were analyzed weekly. Different tests showed that the biochemical characteristics of immobilized E. coli remained intact. At both temperatures selected, we found that the number of bacteria in silicon dioxide-derived matrix was of the same order of magnitude (10(9) cfu ml(-1)) as before immobilization, for 2 months. After 2 weeks, cells immobilized in an alkoxide-derived matrix decreased to 10(4) cfu ml(-1) at 4 degrees C, and no viable cells were detected at 20 degrees C. We found that immobilized bacteria could be used as a starter to produce recombinant proteins with yields comparable to those obtained from glycerol stocks: 15 mg l(-1) for superantigens and 2 mg l(-1) for T-cell receptor beta chain. These results contribute to the development of methods for microbial cell preservation under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín F Desimone
- Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 Piso 3, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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