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Khamse S, Arabfard M, Salesi M, Behmard E, Jafarian Z, Afshar H, Khazaei M, Ohadi M. Predominant monomorphism of the RIT2 and GPM6B exceptionally long GA blocks in human and enriched divergent alleles in the disease compartment. Genetica 2022; 150:27-40. [PMID: 34984576 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-021-00143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Across human protein-coding genes, the human neuron-specific genes, RIT2 and GPM6B, contain the two longest GA short tandem repeats (STRs) of 11 and 9-repeats, respectively, the length ranges of which are functional, and result in gene expression alteration. Here we sequenced the RIT2 and GPM6B STRs in 600 human subjects, consisting of late-onset neurocognitive disorder (n = 200), multiple sclerosis (n = 200), and controls (n = 200). Furthermore, we selected two large human databases, including the general-population-based gnomAD ( https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org ) and a mainly disease-phenotype-archiving database, TOPMed ( https://www.nhlbiwgs.org ), to compare allele frequencies in the general populations vs. the disease compartment. The RIT2 and GPM6B GA-repeats were monomorphic in the human subjects studied, at lengths of 11 and 9-repeats, respectively, and were predominantly human-specific in formula. Exception included a 9/11 genotype of the RIT2 GA-STR in an isolate case of female multiple sclerosis. Exceedingly rare alleles of the two GA repeats were significantly enriched in TOPMed vs. the gnomAD. We report prime instances of predominant monomorphism for specific lengths of STRs in human, and possible enrichment of rare divergent alleles in the disease phenotype compartment. While STRs are most attended because of their high polymorphic nature, STR monomorphism is an underappreciated feature, which may have a link with natural selection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khamse
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Arabfard
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Salesi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Behmard
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Z Jafarian
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Afshar
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Khazaei
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ohadi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Khazaei M, Rahnama V, Motazedian MH, Samani SM, Hatam G. In vitro effect of artemether-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) on Leishmania infantum. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:964-971. [PMID: 34789979 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an acute and deadly form of leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania infantum parasite. Due to the toxicity and side effects of conventional treatment options, such as glucantime and other pentavalent drugs, finding novel drugs with fewer adverse effects is required. Artemether (ART), is one of the derivatives of artemisinin, which was shown to be effective in treating malaria and more recently, leishmaniasis. In this fundamental-applied research, we compared the effect of ART and nanostructure loaded with artemether (NLC-ART) on Leishmania infantum promastigotes and amastigotes, at different concentrations (2.5-5-10-25-50-100 μg/ml) using the MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay method after 24 and 48 h of treatment. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) values (μg/ml) of promastigote and amastigote of L. infantum to ART/ NLC-ART, after 48 h of treatment, were found to be 37.12 / 32.1 and 16.43 / 15.42, respectively. Moreover, we found that (NLC-ART), had the lowest cytotoxicity against the J774 macrophage cell line. Conclusion: The NLC-ART can be a good candidate for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Khazaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Rahnama
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Motazedian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nanomedicine and Nano Biology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi Samani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Rahnama V, Motazedian MH, Mohammadi-Samani S, Asgari Q, Ghasemiyeh P, Khazaei M. Artemether-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: preparation, characterization, and evaluation of in vitro effect on Leishmania major. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:623-633. [PMID: 34760010 PMCID: PMC8562414 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.327508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a global health problem. The discovery of new and highly efficient anti-leishmanial treatments with lower toxicity is globally needed. The current study was carried out to evaluate the anti-leishmanial effects of artemether (ART) and ART-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (ART-NLCs) against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania major. Experimental approach Solvent diffusion evaporation technique was applied to prepare ART-NLCs. These nanoparticles were characterized using a particle size analyzer (PSA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The antiparasitic activity on amastigote was assessed in J774 cell culture. The drug cytotoxicity on promastigote and macrophage was assessed using the MTT technique after 24 and 48 h and compared with NLCs, ART, and amphotericin B, as the control agents. The selectivity index was calculated for the agents. Findings/Results The DLS and PSA techniques confirmed that ART-NLCs were homogenous in size with an average diameter of 101 ± 2.0 nm and span index of 0.9. The ART-NLCs significantly heighten the anti-leishmanial activity of ART (P < 0.001). The IC50 values of ART and ART-NLCs on promastigotes after 24 and 48 h were 76.08, 36.71 and 35.14, 14.81 μg/mL, respectively while they were calculated 53.97, 25.43 and 20.13, 11.92 for amastigotes. Also, ART-NLCs had the lowest cytotoxicity against macrophages. Furthermore, among the agents tested, ART-NLCs had the highest selectivity index. Conclusion and implications ART-NLCs had lower cytotoxic effects than ART and amphotericin B, also its selectivity index was significantly higher. Based on the findings of the study, this formulation could be a promising candidate for further research into leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Rahnama
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Motazedian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.,Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.,Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Qasem Asgari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Parisa Ghasemiyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Meisam Khazaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
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Mehr SH, Rahmani F, Hashemzehi M, Avan A, Barneh F, Asgharzadeh F, Moradi-Marjaneh R, Soleimani A, Parizadeh M, Ferns G, Mobarhan MG, Ryzhikov M, Afshari A, Ahmadian M, Giovannetti E, Jafari M, Rezaei A, Khazaei M. 470P Anti-tumor mechanisms of rigosertib in colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Shahid Sales S, Avan A, Rahmani F, Hassanian S, Hashemzehi M, Amerizadeh F, Ferns G, Khazaei M. PNU-74654 enhances the antiproliferative effects of 5-FU in breast cancer and antagonizes thrombin induced cell growth via the Wnt pathway. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy268.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Ghrelin is a 28 amino acids peptide that initially was recognized as an endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Recently, a number of studies demonstrated that ghrelin is a cardiovascular hormone with a series cardiovascular effect. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of systemic ghrelin administration on angiogenesis in the heart and its correlation with serum leptin levels in normal and diet-induced obese mice. 24 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal diet (ND) or control, ND+ghrelin, high-fat-diet (HFD) or obese and HFD+ghrelin (n=6/group). Obese and control groups received HFD or ND, respectively, for 14 weeks. Then, the ghrelin was injected subcutaneously 100µg/kg twice daily. After 10 days, the animals were sacrificed, blood samples were taken and the hearts were removed. The angiogenic response in the heart was assessed by immunohisochemical staining. HFD significantly increased angiogenesis in the heart expressed as the number of CD31 positive cells than standard diet. Ghrelin did not alter angiogenesis in the heart in both obese and control groups, however, it reduced serum nitric oxide (NO) and leptin levels in obese mice. There was a strong positive correlation between the number of CD31 positive cells and serum leptin concentration (r=0.74). Leptin as an angiogenic factor has a positive correlation with angiogenesis in the heart. Although systemic administration of ghrelin reduced serum leptin and NO levels in obese mice, however, it could not alter coronary angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Z Tahergorabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Tanhapour M, Vaisi-Raygani A, Bahrehmand F, Khazaei M, Kiani A, Rahimi Z, Nomani H, Tavilani H, Pourmotabbed T. Association between the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 mutations and the susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus; Contribution markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2016; 62:56-61. [PMID: 27894401 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2016.62.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) also known as CD152 (cluster of differentiation 152) is a crucial negative regulator of the immune system. This protein receptor provides negative signals in order to suppress T-cell activation and immune attack against self-antigens, although its role is unclear. The ability of CTLA-4 to limit T cell-mediated immune response has made it a major target in treatment of tumors and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we investigated whether CTLA-4 G-1661A and CTLA-4 T-1722C mutations are associated with SLE. So one hundred nine SLE patients and 101 gender and age-matched unrelated healthy controls were recruited for this case-control study. The promoter mutations were detected by PCR-RFLP, neopterin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum lipid concentration were determined by HPLC and enzyme assay, respectively. RESULT We found that both codominant (AA vs. GG) and recessive (AA vs. GA+GG) CTLA-4 G-1661A mutation significantly decreased the risk of SLE by 1.7 and 3.7 times, respectively. Interestingly, SLE patients with AA genotypes of CTLA-4 G-1661A have lower neopterin and MDA concentration compared with GA+GG genotypes. The overall distribution of CTLA-4 T-1722C genotypes and alleles in SLE patients were similar to those in control group. In conclusion, our findings showed, that there is an association between systemic inflammatory markers, oxidative stress and the CTLA-4 G-1661A GG+AG genotypes, MDA and neopterin which are the most conventional risk factors for coronary heart disease, therefore these mutations may be consider as a risk factor for susceptibility to heart disease in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanhapour
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - A Vaisi-Raygani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - F Bahrehmand
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - M Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - A Kiani
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Z Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - H Nomani
- ertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - H Tavilani
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - T Pourmotabbed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, USA
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Shamansouri S, Zadeh V, Khazaei M. Study on the percent of frequency of ACME-Arca in clinical isolates resistant to methicillin- staphylococcus epidermidis in Isfahan, Iran. J Fundam and Appl Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.4314/jfas.v8i2s.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Changizi-Ashtiyani S, Alizadeh M, Najafi H, Babaei S, Khazaei M, Jafari M, Hossaini N, Avan A, Bastani B. Physalis alkekengi and Alhagi maurorum ameliorate the side effect of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:235-40. [PMID: 27255563 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is frequently being used for the treatment of different tumors, although the application of this agent is associated with nephrotoxicity. Here, we explored the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Physalis alkekengi and Alhagi maurorum; 400 mg kg(-1) per day P. alkekengi and 100 mg kg(-1) per day A. maurorum were administered in rats, orally for 10 days after a single dose of 7 mg kg(-1) intraperitoneal cisplatin. The concentrations of creatinine, urea-nitrogen, and relative and absolute excretion of sodium/potassium were evaluated before/after therapy. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured to assess the oxidative stress induced by cisplatin. Moreover, tissues sections were used for histological analyses and evaluation of the degree of tissue damage. Cisplatin increased serum levels of creatinine and urea-nitrogen, relative/absolute excretion of sodium/potassium, and MDA, whereas decreased FRAP level. Interestingly, P. alkekengi or A. maurorum were able to reduce the level of the renal function markers as well as the levels of sodium/potassium. This effect was more pronounced by P. alkekengi. Moreover, cisplatin induced pathological damage in kidney, whereas treatment with these agents improved this condition. Our findings demonstrate the potential therapeutic impact of P. alkekengi and A. maurorum for improving cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, supporting further investigations on the novel potential clinical application of these agents for patients being treated with cisplatin to ameliorate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - H Najafi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - S Babaei
- Department of Histology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - M Khazaei
- Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - M Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - N Hossaini
- Department of Medicinal Plants, University of Arak, Arak, Iran
| | - A Avan
- Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - B Bastani
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Najarzadeh D, Khazaei M, Ganjali M. Performance evaluation of likelihood-ratio tests for assessing similarity of the covariance matrices of two multivariate normal populations. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2013.863933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jalili C, Salahshoor MR, Yousefi D, Khazaei M, Shabanizadeh Darehdori A, Mokhtari T. Morphometric and Hormonal Study of the Effect of Utrica diocia Extract on Mammary Glands in Rats. INT J MORPHOL 2015. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022015000300028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Khazaei M, Kalantari E, Saeidi H, ShabaniKia N, Tahergorabi Z, Rashidi B, Dana N, Javanmard SH. Gamma-secretase inhibitor does not modulate angiogenesis in colon adenocarcinoma in obese mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 116:248-51. [PMID: 25773953 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2015_048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch is a signaling molecule which plays a role in angiogenesis and γ-secretase is required for processing of Notch. In this study, we investigated the effect of γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) on tumor angiogenesis in diet-induced obese mice. METHODS 18 mice were divided into three groups; control, obese (diet-induced) and obese+DAPT. After 15 weeks, the obese mice were subjected for tumor induction of CT26 colon adenocarcinoma cells (5 x 105 cells). When the tumor size reached approximately 350 ± 50 mm3, half of the obese animals received DAPT (10mg/kg/day) subcutaneously. Blood samples were taken after 14 days and the tumors harvested for immunohistochemical staining and capillary density were reported as CD31 positive cells/mm2. RESULTS The obese animals had higher serum leptin and NO concentrations, while, serum VEGF and VEGFR-1 concentrations were not different compare to control group. Administration of DAPT in obese mice significantly reduced serum VEGFR-1 and leptin concentrations and increased serum NO level (p < 0.05). Capillary density in the tumors of obese animals was not different compare to control groups. DAPT administration could not alter capillary density in the tumors. CONCLUSION Administration of DAPT in obese mice altered serum angiogenic factors, however, it could not modulate tumor angiogenesis in diet-induced obese mice (Fig. 4, Ref. 26).
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Tahergorabi Z, Khazaei M, Rashidi B. Systemic administration of ghrelin did not restore angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia in control and diet-induced obese mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 116:35-40. [PMID: 25666960 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2015_007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone releasing peptide that mainly regulates food intake and energy homeostasis, however, recently, it is indicated that it may be closely related with physiological and/or pathological angiogenesis. OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of systemic ghrelin administration on angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia in normal and diet-induced obese mice. METHODS 24 male C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) or standard for 14 weeks. Then, the mice underwent unilateral hindlimb ischemia. Next, each group was divided into the two subgroups: treatment with ghrelin (100 µg/kg, twice daily, Sc) or without treatment. After 10 days, the animals were sacrificed, blood samples were taken and the gastrocnemius muscles removed. RESULTS There was no significant difference in capillary/fiber ratio in hind limb ischemia between obese and control groups. Administration of ghrelin reduced serum nitric oxide (NO) and leptin and increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations in obese mice, however, did not change the capillary/fiber ratio in ischemic legs. CONCLUSION Systemic administration of ghrelin did not restore angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia in control and diet-induced obese mice (Fig. 4, Ref. 35).
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Ghorbani R, Mokhtari T, Khazaei M, Salahshoor MR, Jalili C, Bakhtiari M. The Effect of Walnut on the Weight, Blood Glucose and Sex Hormones of Diabetic Male Rats. INT J MORPHOL 2014. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022014000300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
AIM Obesity is considered as a major health problem. Angiogenic vessels by providing oxygen, nutrients and growth factors trigger growth and survival signals in adipocytes. We aimed to investigate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on serum angiogenic biomarkers including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sVEGFR1), nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and their correlations with serum leptin level in obese and control groups. METHODS Twenty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into the control and obese groups. Obese group received HFD for 15 weeks. At the end of experiment, blood samples were collected for blood glucose, serum insulin, VEGF, sVEGFR1, NO and leptin level measurements and correlation between serum angiogenic factors and leptin levels were analyzed. RESULTS HFD induced higher serum NO and leptin levels compared to the control group, while, it did not affect serum VEGF and sVEGFR1 concentrations. There was a strong positive correlation between serum leptin and NO levels (r=0.78), however, a weak correlation was found between serum leptin and VEGF and VEGFR-1 concentrations. CONCLUSION It seems that the angiogenic activities in obese mice are through the mechanisms that were not regulated by VEGF or VEGF receptors rather; other factors such as leptin and NO are involved (Tab. 1, Fig. 4, Ref. 32).
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Fallahzadeh A, Khazaei M. Limbs' postischemic revascularization is not improved by losartan treatment in diabetic rats. Endocr Regul 2014; 48:9-15. [PMID: 24524371 DOI: 10.4149/endo_2014_01_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most physiological actions of angiotensin II (Ang II) on cardiovascular system are mediated by angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R). Since peripheral artery disease is one of the most important complications of diabetes, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of losartan, an AT1R blocker, on skeletal muscle angiogenesis in diabetic hind limb ischemic rats. METHODS Twenty four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follow: diabetic sham; diabetic sham + losartan (15 mg/kg/day); diabetic hindlimb ischemia; diabetic hindlimb ischemia + losartan. For induction of diabetes, streptozotocin was injected (55 mg/kg; i.p.). The animals were sacrificed after 21 days and the serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sFlt-1), nitric oxide (NO), capillary density, and capillary to fiber (cap⁄fib) ratio in ischemic legs were evaluated. RESULTS The serum NO concentrations were significantly decreased, sFlt-1 concentrations increased, and VEGF concentrations did not significantly change after experiment in diabetic sham and diabetic hind limb ischemic rats. Administration of losartan did not induce significant changes in serum NO, sFlt-1, and VEGF concentrations (p>0.05). Capillary density and cap⁄fib ratio in ischemic leg of diabetic rats were not affected by losartan treatment (p>0.05). CONCLUSION AT1R blocker, losartan, was not able to restore neovascularization in the ischemic leg of diabetic animals. Therefore, based on the present data, the losartan cannot be considered for treatment or prevention of peripheral artery disease in diabetic subjects.
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Pourshanazari AA, Roohbakhsh A, Khazaei M, Tajadini H. Comparing the long-term retention of a physiology course for medical students with the traditional and problem-based learning. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2013; 18:91-97. [PMID: 22361894 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-012-9357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The rapid improvements in medical sciences and the ever-increasing related data, however, require novel methods of instruction. One such method, which has been given less than due attention in Iran, is problem-based learning (PBL). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of study skills and the PBL methods on short and long-term retention of information provided for medical students in the course of respiratory physiology and compare it with traditional learning method. In this study, 39 medical students from Medical School of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran (2006-2010) were enrolled in the study and allocated randomly in three equal groups (13 in each group). All groups underwent a pre-test to be assessed for their basic information regarding respiratory physiology. Two groups were instructed using the traditional method, and one group used PBL. Among the two groups of the traditional method, one was instructed about study skills and the other was not. Once the PBL group took the study skill workshop, they were aided by tutors for their education. In the final term test, those students who had learned study skills and were instructed with the traditional method scored higher compared to other groups (p < 0.05). However, in the 1 year (p < 0.05) and 4 year (p < 0.01) interval examinations, the PBL group achieved significantly higher scores. Despite the fact that PBL had no positive effect on the final term exam of our students, it yielded a more profound and retained understanding of the subject course. Moreover, considering the positive effect of study skills on long-term student scores, we recommend students to receive instructions regarding the appropriate study skills when initiated into universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Pourshanazari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Khazaei M, Salehi E. Myocardial capillary density in normal and diabetic male rats: Effect of bezafibrate. Res Pharm Sci 2013; 8:119-23. [PMID: 24019821 PMCID: PMC3764675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the common cause of mortality in diabetic subjects. Recently, it is indicated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) agonists have beneficial effect on cardiovascular system especially on angiogenesis. PPARs have three isotypes: PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. In this study, we evaluated the effect of bezafibrate as pan PPAR agonist on myocardial capillary density in type I diabetic rats. Eighteen male wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6 each): control, diabetic and diabetic+bezafibrate (400 mg/kg/day) by gavage every day. Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg), intraperitoneally. After 21 days, capillary density in the myocardial tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and reported as capillaries per mm(2). Blood samples were taken before and after the experiment. Diabetes was associated by lower serum nitric oxide (NO) concentration and reduced myocardial capillary density compared to control group (121.71 ± 13.32 vs. 158.78 ± 11.08 /mm(2); P<0.05). Administration of bezafibrate significantly increased serum NO level and improved angiogenesis in myocardial tissue of diabetic animals (170.24 ± 15.76 vs.121.71 ± 13.32 /mm(2); P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between serum NO concentration and myocardial capillary density (r=0.90). Activation of all isotypes of PPAR by bezafibrate improves heart capillary density in diabetic animals and it seems that it can be considered for treatment or prevention of coronary heart disease in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran,Corresponding author: M. Khazaei
Tel. 0098 311 7922407, Fax. 0098 311 6688597
| | - E Salehi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Khazaei M, Bayat PD, Ghanbari A, Khazaei S, Feizian M, Khodaei A, Alian HAS. Protective effects of subchronic caffeine administration on cisplatin induced urogenital toxicity in male mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2012; 50:638-644. [PMID: 23140022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In Cisplatin treated group, the degeneration intensity of the kidneys the diameter of seminiferous tubules as well as the apoptotic index in testes and kidney were increased. In Caffeine+Cisplatin treated groups, the total body weight, the weight of testes and kidneys and also the histopathological data did not show significant differences. The motility of sperm in cisplatin group reduced but in Caffeine+Cisplatin groups this parameter was increased. These data suggest that caffeine recovers toxicity induced by cisplatin in both kidneys and testes of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1568, Kermanshah, Iran
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Khazaei M, Mobarakeh JI, Rahimi AA, Razavi MR. Effect of chronic L-Arginine supplementation on aortic fatty streak formation and serum nitric oxide concentration in normal and high-cholesterol fed rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 99:87-93. [PMID: 22425811 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.99.2012.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Several reports indicated the beneficial effects of short-term L-Arginine (L-Arg) administration on atherosclerosis processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic L-Arg supplementation on serum lipid profile, aortic Fatty Streak (FS) formation, and serum Nitric oxide (NO) concentration in Normal Diet (ND) and High-Cholesterol Diet (HCD) fed rabbits. 24 male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n=6 in each group) (i): ND for seven months; (ii): ND for 1 month plus ND + L-Arg for six months; (iii): HCD (1%) for 1 month plus HCD (0.5%) for six months; (iv): HCD (1%) for 1 month plus HCD (0.5%) + L-Arg for six months. At the end of the study, histological evaluation of aortic FS formation was performed. Blood samples were taken for serum lipid profile and NO concentrations. L-Arg did not change serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and LDL/HDL ratio in normal and hypercholesterolemic rabbits (p>0.05). Histological examination of thoracic aortae revealed that the HCD group had higher FS formation compared to the ND group (2.1 ± 0.16 vs. 0 ± 0; respectively; p<0.05) and L-Arg supplementation did not attenuate FS formation in the HCD group (1.93 ± 0.17 compare to 2.1 ± 0.16; p>0.05). Serum NO level in the HCD group was higher than ND groups (p<0.05). Chronic L-Arg supplementation did not alter serum NO concentration either in the hypercholesterolemic or in the ND group (p>0.05). It seems that chronic L-Arg supplementation does not have beneficial effects on aortic fatty streak formation, serum lipids and NO concentrations in this model of experimental hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khazaei
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Department of Physiology Isfahan Iran
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Khazaei M, Salehi E, Rashidi B, Javanmard SH, Fallahzadeh AR. Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β agonist on angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemic diabetic rats. J Diabetes Complications 2012; 26:137-40. [PMID: 22464549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies indicated that PPARβ agonists play a role in modulation of angiogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of specific PPARβ agonist, GW0742, on angiogenesis and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and nitrite concentrations in hindlimb ischemia in normal and diabetic rats. METHODS Hindlimb ischemic rats were divided into four groups: control, diabetic, control, and diabetic treated with GW0742 (n=7 each). Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (55mg/kg, ip). GW0742 was injected 1day after surgery (1mg/kg, sc). After 21days, blood samples were taken, and gastrocnemius muscles were harvested for immunohistochemistry. RESULTS GW0742 significantly increased serum nitrite and VEGFR-2 concentrations and VEGF-to-VEGFR-2 ratio in control and diabetic rats. Capillary density was lower in diabetic animals compared to the control, and GW0742 significantly restored the capillary density in the control and diabetic hindlimb ischemic rats. CONCLUSION PPARβ agonists restore skeletal muscle angiogenesis and can be considered for prevention and/or treatment of peripheral vascular complications in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Khazaei S, Kazemi S, Khazaei M. Is adiponectin related to orofacial clefts? Iran Red Crescent Med J 2012; 14:51-2. [PMID: 22737556 PMCID: PMC3372015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Khazaei
- Dental Student, Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sh Kazemi
- Dental Student, Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,Correspondence: Mozafar Khazaei, PhD, Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Tel.: +98-831-4281563, Fax: +98-831-4281563, E-mail:
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Khazan H, Khazaei M, Tabaee SJS, Mehrabi A. Prevalence of Toxocara Spp. eggs in Public Parks in Tehran City, Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2012; 7:38-42. [PMID: 23109960 PMCID: PMC3469170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present research was to determine the frequency of Toxocara spp. eggs in soil samples of public parks, in the city of Tehran, Iran. METHODS A total of 600 soil samples were taken from 120 parks between Aprils to November, 2008. Soil samples were collected from 5 distinct sites in the parks. The samples were washed with saline solution and the collected sediment from each park were equally divided and examined by floatation and Petri dish methods for Toxocara eggs. RESULTS Ten percent were contaminated with Toxocara spp. eggs. The number of observed Toxocara eggs in each microscopic field was varied from 1-3. No significant differences were observed between floatation and Petri dish methods. CONCLUSION Our public parks showed a high risk of toxocariasis and the need for preventive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khazan
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author:E-mail:
| | - M Khazaei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SJ Seyyed Tabaee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mehrabi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khazaei M, Zarei M, Sharifi M, Pourshanazari A. The effect of maintenance and reversal of DOCA-Salt hypertension on extravasation of macromolecules and serum nitric oxide concentration in male rats. Pathophysiology 2011; 18:201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Khazaei M, Malekzadeh A, Amini F, Mortazavi Y, Khodadadi A. Effect of citric acid concentration as emulsifier on perovskite phase formation of nano-sized SrMnO3 and SrCoO3 samples. Cryst Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Saffarzadeh F, Eslamizade M, Nemati Karimooy H, Hadjzadeh M, Khazaei M, Hosseini M. The effect of L-Arginin on Morris water maze tasks of ovariectomized rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 97:216-23. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.97.2010.2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kleffner I, Boentert M, Gess B, Humberg A, Sevimli S, Khazaei M, Halfter H, Young P. Die Bedeutung von G-CSF für Proliferation und Antiapoptose in primären Ratten-Schwann-Zellen. Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ghosh S, Khazaei M, Moien-Afshari F, Ang LS, Granville DJ, Verchere CB, Dunn SR, McCue P, Mizisin A, Sharma K, Laher I. Moderate exercise attenuates caspase-3 activity, oxidative stress, and inhibits progression of diabetic renal disease in db/db mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F700-8. [PMID: 19144689 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90548.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy, the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, is characterized by a proapoptotic and prooxidative environment. The mechanisms by which lifestyle interventions, such as exercise, benefit diabetic nephropathy are unknown. We hypothesized that exercise inhibits early diabetic nephropathy via attenuation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and oxidative damage. Type 2 diabetic db/db and normoglycemic wild-type mice were exercised for an hour everyday at a moderate intensity for 7 wk, following which renal function, morphology, apoptotic signaling, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Exercise reduced body weight, albuminuria, and pathological glomerular expansion in db/db mice independent of hyperglycemic status. Changes in renal morphology were also related to reduced caspase-3 (main effector caspase in renal apoptosis), caspase-8 (main initiator caspase of the "extrinsic" pathway) activities, and TNF-alpha expression. A role for the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was unlikely as both caspase-9 activity (initiator caspase of this pathway) and expression of regulatory proteins such as Bax and Bcl-2 were unchanged. Kidneys from db/db mice also produced higher levels of superoxides and had greater oxidative damage concurrent with downregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and 3. Interestingly, although exercise also increased superoxides, there was also upregulation of multiple SODs that likely inhibited lipid (hydroperoxides) and protein (carbonyls and nitrotyrosine) oxidation in db/db kidneys. In conclusion, exercise can inhibit progression of early diabetic nephropathy independent of hyperglycemia. Reductions in caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities, with parallel improvements in SOD expression and reduced oxidative damage, could underlie the beneficial effects of exercise in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- Dept. of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
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Moien-Afshari F, Ghosh S, Elmi S, Rahman MM, Sallam N, Khazaei M, Kieffer TJ, Brownsey RW, Laher I. Exercise restores endothelial function independently of weight loss or hyperglycaemic status in db/db mice. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1327-37. [PMID: 18437348 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-0996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Exercise ameliorates oxidative stress-mediated diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction through poorly defined mechanisms. We hypothesised that, in addition to improving metabolic parameters, upregulation of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) mediates exercise-induced reductions of oxidative stress and increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and also restores vasodilatation. METHODS Type 2 diabetic db/db and normoglycaemic wild-type mice were exercised at moderate intensity for 1 h a day for 7 weeks, leading to a 10% body weight loss. Sedentary animals or those undergoing a low-intensity exercise regimen causing non-significant weight loss were also used. We examined aortic endothelial cell function, NO bioavailability and various biomarkers of oxidative stress. RESULTS Moderate-intensity exercise lowered body weight, increased mitochondrial manganese SOD (MnSOD) and both total and phosphorylated (Ser1177) endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein production; it also reduced whole-body (plasma 8-isoprostane) and tissue oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine immunostaining or protein carbonyl levels in the aorta). Low-intensity exercise did not alter body weight; however, it upregulated cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD instead of MnSOD, and still demonstrated all the above benefits in the db/db aorta. Importantly, both exercise protocols improved endothelial-dependent vasodilatation and NO bioavailability without altering hyperglycaemic status in db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Exercise reverses diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction independently of improvements in body weight or hyperglycaemia. Our data suggest that upregulation of eNOS and specific SOD isoforms could play important roles in improving NO bioavailability, as well as in reversing endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes patients through lifestyle modifications in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Moien-Afshari
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Khazaei M, Moien-Afshari F, Laher I. Vascular endothelial function in health and diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:49-67. [PMID: 18434105 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium constitutes approximately 1% of body mass (1kg) and has a surface area of approximately 5000m(2). The endothelium is a multifunctional endocrine organ strategically placed between the vessel wall and the circulating blood, and has a key role in vascular homeostasis. The endothelium is both a target for and mediator of cardiovascular disease. The endothelium releases several relaxing and constricting factors, which can affect vascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction, whether caused by physical injury or cellular damage, leads to compensatory responses that alter the normal homeostatic properties of the endothelium. In this review, we summarized some physiological aspects of endothelial function and then we discussed endothelial dysfunction during some pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Afzalpour M, Gharakhanlou R, Gaeini A, Mohebbi H, Hedayati M, Khazaei M. The effects of aerobic exercises on the serum oxidized LDL and total antioxidant capacity in non-active men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvdpc.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Khazaei M, Moien-Afshari F, Kieffer TJ, Laher I. Effect of exercise on augmented aortic vasoconstriction in the db/db mouse model of type-II diabetes. Physiol Res 2007; 57:847-856. [PMID: 18052681 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.931339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of exercise on the vascular constrictor responses to alpha-adrenergic stimulation in the db/db mice. Twenty male db/db and their age-matched wild-type (WT) mice were exercised (1 hour/day, five days a week). Mice were anesthetized 7 weeks later, thoracic aortae were mounted in wire myograph and constrictor responses to phenylephrine (PE, 1 nM-10 microM) were obtained. Citrate synthase activity measured in the thigh adductor muscle was significantly increased in db/db mice that were exercise trained. Maximal force generated by PE was markedly greater in db/db aortae and exercise did not attenuate this augmented contractile response. Vessels were incubated with inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME, 200 microM), endothelin receptors (bosentan, 10 microM), protein kinase C (PKC) (calphostin C, 5 microM), cyclooxygenase (indomethacin, 10 microM) or Rho-kinase (Y-27632, 0.1 microM). Only calphostin-C normalized the augmented PE-induced constriction in db/db and db/db- exercised mice to that observed in WT (p<0.05). Cumulative additions of indolactam, a PKC activator, induced significantly greater constrictor responses in aortic rings of db/db mice compared to WT and exercise did not affect this response. Our data suggest that the augmented vasoconstriction observed in the aorta of db/db mice is likely due to increased PKC activity and that exercise do not ameliorate this increased PKC-mediated vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Khazaei M, Nematbakhsh M, Ahmadi H. YI-828 THE EFFECT OF ASPIRIN ON CORONARY VASCULAR AND AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL PERMEABILITY IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RABBITS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Khazaei M, Nematbakhsh M, Ahmadi H, Masjedi M. PO15-408 THE EFFECT OF ASPIRIN ON SERUM VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AND NITRIC OXIDE CONCENTRATIONS IN HIGH-CHOLESTEROL FED RABBITS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gharravi AM, Golalipour MJ, Ghorbani R, Khazaei M. Effects modification of iron hematoxylin on neuron staining. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10:768-772. [PMID: 19069861 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.768.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Iron weigert staining methods is used as nuclear staining. In present study we introduce a modification iron weigert hematoxylin for staining neuron without astrocytes. Whole brain of adult wistar rats (12-13 week old) were removed, immersed in formaldehyde fixative and embedded in paraffin. Sections, 5-7 microm (from brain cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum) divided to three groups: one for staining by Hematoxyllin and eosin, second for staining by cresyl fast violet (that specially performed for Nisl substances in neuron) and last for staining by modification iron hematoxyllin methods, but different in quantity and quality. In new method general and specific architecture of neuron, nucleus and nuclear envelope was clearly visible reactions of neuron were predominant. Astrocyte did not respond to staining methods. Also spines (axon) of purkinje cells clearly visible. Modification iron weigert hematoxylin can be replacement to cost and time consuming chemical staining method for staining neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Gharravi
- Department of Anatomy, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Khazaei M, Nematbakhsh M. The effect of hypertension on serum nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations. A study in DOCA-Salt hypertensive ovariectomized rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 135:91-4. [PMID: 16712976 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CardioVascular Disease (CVD) accounts for considerable mortality and morbidity in developed countries. Most of the common forms of CVD, such as hypertension, are caused by functional and structural changes in endothelial function. This study was designed to study the effect of hypertension on serum Nitric Oxide (NO) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) concentrations in DOCA-Salt hypertensive ovariectomized rats. Thirty female rats were ovariectomized. Blood samples were taken and the animals were divided into hypertensive and control groups. Hypertension was induced by DOCA-Salt method. DOCA was injected 30 mg/kg of body weight subcutaneously, twice a week with NaCl 1% instead of tap water for drinking throughout the experiment. The control group received normal saline injection with usual drinking water. Results showed that serum NO concentration in DOCA-Salt hypertensive rats was lower than the control group (18.35 +/- 5.31, 45.01 +/- 12.54 micromol/l, respectively) (p < 0.05). Also, the mean serum VEGF concentration was raised after induced hypertension (120.55 +/- 8.11 vs. 88.58 +/- 2.24 pg/ml) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, reduced serum NO and increased serum VEGF concentrations in hypertensive animals support the concept of endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khazaei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
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Khazaei M, Nematbakhsh M. Serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor is increased by estrogen replacement therapy in normotensive and DOCA–Salt hypertensive ovariectomized rats. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 365:206-10. [PMID: 16168402 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Revised: 08/17/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Previous studies have shown that hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of CVD in postmenopausal women, however, the mechanism remains unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of estrogen on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration in normotensive and hypertensive ovariectomized rats. METHODS Forty-eight female rats were ovariectomized and randomly divided into 6 groups. Hypertension was induced by DOCA-Salt method. DOCA was injected 30 mg/kg of body weight subcutaneously, twice a week with NaCl 1% instead of tap water for drinking throughout the experiment. Estradiol valerate (Es) was injected 2 mg/week i.m. The groups were as follows: (i) DOCA (4 weeks) and DOCA+Es (6 weeks); (ii) DOCA (10 weeks); (iii) Normal saline (N/S) (4 weeks) and Es (6 weeks); (iv) N/S 10 weeks; (v) DOCA (4 weeks), and (vi) N/S (4 weeks). Serum VEGF concentration was measured in groups 1 to 4. RESULTS Results showed that in normotensive animals that received estrogen treatment, serum VEGF concentration was significantly higher than those not receiving estrogen (269+/-41 vs. 106+/-36 pg/ml) (P<0.05). In hypertensive group, serum VEGF level was also increased after estrogen therapy compare to those not receiving estrogen (326+/-55 vs. 121+/-28 pg/ml (P<0.05). CONCLUSION It is possible that the increase in serum VEGF concentration after estrogen therapy may contribute to the cardiovascular effects of estrogen in normotensive and hypertensive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
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Khazaei M, Nematbakhsh M. Coronary vascular and aortic endothelial permeability during estrogen therapy: a study in DOCA-salt hypertensive ovariectomized rats. Physiol Res 2006. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.930531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the Western World. Premenopausal and estrogen-treated postmenopausal women have a lower incidence of CVD. It has been suggested that circulating endogenous estrogens are probably responsible for this protection. This study investigated the hypothesis that the reduction of endothelial permeability is responsible for cardioprotective effects of estrogen in hypertensive animals. Fourty-four rats were ovariectomized and divided into five groups: groups 1, 2 and 4 received DOCA-salt and groups 3 and 5 received normal saline (N/S) injection for four weeks. Then, in groups 4 and 5 the blood pressure was measured. Group 1 received estradiol valerate and in groups 2 and 3 continued with DOCA-salt and N/S injection for six weeks, respectively. Endothelial permeability was measured by Evans Blue extraction method. There was no significant difference in endothelial permeability in coronary circulation in estrogen-treated group and controls (12.97+/-2.32 vs. 9.96+/-1.01, respectively). Also, aortic endothelial permeability in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats did not change significantly after estrogen treatment (28.34+/-3.65 vs. 41.60+/-5.98). This study showed that the cardioprotective effects of estrogen in DOCA-salt hypertensive animals are not mediated by a reduction of endothelial permeability.
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Khazaei M, Mobarake J, Nematbakhsh M, Ahmadi H. Tu-P7:35 The effect of aspirin on serum vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide concentrations in high-cholesterol fed rabbits. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)80744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gharravi AM, Ghorbani R, Khazaei M, Motabbad P, Al Agha M, Ghasemi J, Sayadi P. Altered pituitary hormone secretion in male rats exposed to bisphenol A. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-5278.22891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Khazaei M, Esfandiari N, Gotlieb L, Casper R. Angiogenesis following three-dimensional culture of isolated human endometrial stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nematbakhsh M, Khazaei M. The effect of estrogen on serum nitric oxide concentrations in normotensive and DOCA Salt hypertensive ovariectomized rats. Clin Chim Acta 2004; 344:53-7. [PMID: 15149870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Revised: 01/25/2004] [Accepted: 01/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is less prevalent in premenopausal women and women receiving estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) than in postmenopausal women or men. It proposed that the cardiovascular effects of estrogen are mediated, at least in part, through the ability of estrogen to increase nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. This study investigated the effect of estrogen on serum NO concentrations in normotensive and deoxycorticostrone acetate (DOCA) Salt hypertensive ovariectomized rats. METHODS Forty-eight female rats were ovariectomized and randomly divided into six groups. Hypertension was induced by DOCA Salt method. DOCA was injected 30 mg/kg of body weight subcutaneously, twice a week with NaCl 1% instead of tap water for drinking throughout the treatment period. Estradiol valerate (Es) was injected i.m. once a week. The groups were as follows: (2) DOCA (4 weeks) and DOCA+Es (6 weeks), (22) DOCA (10 weeks), (222) normal saline (N/S) (4 weeks)+Es (6 weeks), (2V) N/S (10 weeks), (V) DOCA (4 weeks), and (V2) N/S (4 weeks). Serum NO concentrations were measured in groups 1, 3 and 4 before and after treatment. Other groups were used as control. RESULTS Results showed that in normotensive animals, serum NO concentrations were increased after estrogen treatment significantly (90.20 +/- 18.67 vs. 19.11 +/- 1.78 micromol/l) (p < 0.05). Also, estrogen increased serum NO concentrations in DOCA Salt hypertensive rats (73.54 +/- 22.55 vs. 36.94 +/- 10.73 micromol/l) (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION Estrogen can increase serum NO concentrations in normotensive and DOCA Salt hypertensive animals and it may be important in cardiovascular effects of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nematbakhsh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Khazaei M, Nematbakhsh M. Coronary vascular and aortic endothelial permeability during estrogen therapy: a study in DOCA-salt hypertensive ovariectomized rats. Physiol Res 2004; 53:609-14. [PMID: 15588128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major source of morbidity and mortality in the Western World. Premenopausal and estrogen-treated postmenopausal women have a lower incidence of CVD. It has been suggested that circulating endogenous estrogens are probably responsible for this protection. This study investigated the hypothesis that the reduction of endothelial permeability is responsible for cardioprotective effects of estrogen in hypertensive animals. Fourty-four rats were ovariectomized and divided into five groups: groups 1, 2 and 4 received DOCA-salt and groups 3 and 5 received normal saline (N/S) injection for four weeks. Then, in groups 4 and 5 the blood pressure was measured. Group 1 received estradiol valerate and in groups 2 and 3 continued with DOCA-salt and N/S injection for six weeks, respectively. Endothelial permeability was measured by Evans Blue extraction method. There was no significant difference in endothelial permeability in coronary circulation in estrogen-treated group and controls (12.97+/-2.32 vs. 9.96+/-1.01, respectively). Also, aortic endothelial permeability in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats did not change significantly after estrogen treatment (28.34+/-3.65 vs. 41.60+/-5.98). This study showed that the cardioprotective effects of estrogen in DOCA-salt hypertensive animals are not mediated by a reduction of endothelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Science, Isfahan, Iran.
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