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Bosco A, Di Lorito C, Yang Y, Dunlop M, Booth A, Alexander D, Jones S, Briggs M, Todd C, Burns A. Caregiver experiences of hospice dementia care: a systematic review and meta-ethnography. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:197-206. [PMID: 37667896 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2241027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hospices are regarded as gold standard providers of end-of-life care. The term hospice, however, is broadly used, and can describe a type of care offered in a variety of health care services (e.g. nursing homes). It thus becomes complex for families to decide between services. We aimed to review the evidence around the experience of family carers of people with dementia accessing in-patient hospice settings for end-of-life care. METHOD We registered the review protocol on PROSPERO. We used PerSPE(C)TiF to systematically organise our search strategy. The evidence was reviewed across six databases: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ASSIA, ISI Web, and CINAHL. We used meta-ethnography as per the eMERGe guidance for data interpretation. RESULTS Four studies were included. Two third-order constructs were generated through meta-ethnography: expectations of care and barriers to quality of care. We found that carers had expectations of care, and these could change over time. If discussion was not held with hospice staff early on, the carers could experience reduced care quality due to unmatched expectations. Unmatched expectations acted as barriers to care and these were found in terms of carers not feeling adequately supported, and/or having the person discharged from hospice, which would entail increased care responsibility for carers. CONCLUSION In view of an increase in new dementia cases over time and with hospice services being under pressure, integrating palliative care services within community-based models of care is key to reducing the risk of having inadequate and under resourced services for people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bosco
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Applied Research Collaboration- Greater Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - C Di Lorito
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Y Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Applied Research Collaboration- Greater Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - M Dunlop
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Booth
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - D Alexander
- East Cheshire Hospice, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - S Jones
- East Cheshire Hospice, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - M Briggs
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - C Todd
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Applied Research Collaboration- Greater Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - A Burns
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Bosco A, Di Lorito C, Dunlop M, Booth A, Alexander D, Jones S, Underwood BR, Todd C, Burns A. Experiences of hospice dementia care: A qualitative study of bereaved carers and hospice clinicians. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286493. [PMID: 37930977 PMCID: PMC10627455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 50 million people worldwide have dementia and the increasing numbers requiring end-of-life and palliative care, has led to national efforts to define standards of care for this patient group. Little research, however, has been done to date about the experience of hospice care for people with dementia accessing these services. This study explores the views of hospice dementia care for bereaved carers of people with dementia and hospice clinicians. METHODS We used purposive sampling for participant recruitment. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with bereaved carers and hospice clinical staff. Interviews were audio recorded and the transcriptions were analysed through thematic analysis. A total of 12 participants were interviewed from one service in the Northwest region in the UK. All were female and white British. RESULTS Participants described their experience of hospice dementia care in three main themes: Pre-access to service, roles and responsibility within hospice care, ease and difficulty of last period of end-of-life care. CONCLUSION Rapid response teams delivering hospice home care could represent a better option to inpatient care and may be preferred by patients. This type of service, however, may require joined-up care with other community services, and this type of care needs to be considered and planned. Future studies should evaluate this type of community care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bosco
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Primary Care Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Applied Research Collaboration- Greater Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - C. Di Lorito
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Centre for Ageing Population Studies, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Dunlop
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A. Booth
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D. Alexander
- East Cheshire Hospice, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - S. Jones
- East Cheshire Hospice, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - B. R. Underwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Windsor Unit, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C. Todd
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Applied Research Collaboration- Greater Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A. Burns
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Dunlop M, Martin-Misener R. Educating nurses for a changing world. JBI Evid Synth 2023; 21:1357-1358. [PMID: 37434375 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-23-00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Martin-Misener
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Canadian Center for Advanced Practice Nursing Research (CCAPNR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Aligning Health Needs and Evidence for Transformative Change (AH-NET-C): A JBI Centre of Excellence, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Lorito CD, Duff C, Rogers C, Tuxworth J, Bell J, Fothergill R, Wilkinson L, Bosco A, Howe L, O’Brien R, Godfrey M, Dunlop M, Van Der Wardt V, Booth V, Logan P, Harwood R. Tele-rehabilitation for people with dementia in the COVID-19 pandemic: A case-study. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9470968 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe Promoting Activity, Independence and Stability in Early Dementia (PrAISED) is delivering an exercise programme for people with dementia. The Lincolnshire partnership NHS foundation Trust successfully delivered PrAISED through a video-calling platform during the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectivesThis qualitative case-study identified participants that video delivery worked for, and highlighted its benefits and challenges.MethodsInterviews were conducted with participants with dementia, caregivers and therapists, and analysed through thematic analysis.ResultsVideo delivery worked best when participants had a supporting carer, when therapists showed enthusiasm and had an established rapport with the client. Benefits included time-efficiency of sessions, enhancing participants’ motivation, caregivers’ dementia awareness and therapists’ creativity. Limitations included users’ poor IT skills and resources.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic required innovative ways of delivering rehabilitation. This study supports that people with dementia can use tele rehab, but success is reliant on having a caregiver and an enthusiastic and known therapist.
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Ewing A, Brown K, Dunlop M. Complications following closure of a defunctioning loop ileostomy. Int J Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.08.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wilkinson WP, Pardaens AK, Schwartz SJ, Burgess D, Lühr H, Kessel RL, Dunlop M, Farrugia CJ. Nonthermal ions and associated magnetic field behavior at a quasi-parallel Earth's bow shock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92ja01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Karia D, Parekh K, Singh M, Dunlop M, Morrell M, Bogar L. 806 Novel Use of Simulation Lab To Educate ‘Rapid Response Teams' about Differences in (ACLS) Advanced Cardiac Life Support Algorithms in Patients with HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD). J Heart Lung Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.01.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Brush J, Boyd K, Chappell F, Crawford F, Dozier M, Fenwick E, Glanville J, McIntosh H, Renehan A, Weller D, Dunlop M. The value of FDG positron emission tomography/computerised tomography (PET/CT) in pre-operative staging of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2012; 15:1-192, iii-iv. [PMID: 21958472 DOI: 10.3310/hta15350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the UK, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy (behind lung and breast cancer) with 37,514 cases registered in 2006: around two-thirds (23,384) in the colon and one-third (14,130) in the rectum. Treatment of cancers of the colon can vary considerably, but surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for curative intent. Following surgical resection, there is a comprehensive assessment of the tumour, it's invasion characteristics and spread (tumour staging). A number of imaging modalities are used in the pre-operative staging of CRCs including; computerised tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging and positron emission tomography (PET). This report examines the role of CT in combination with PET scanning (PET/CT 'hybrid' scan). The research objectives are: to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic impact of fluorine-18-deoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT for the pre-operative staging of primary, recurrent and metastatic cancer using systematic review methods; undertake probabilistic decision-analytic modelling (using Monte Carlo simulation); and conduct a value of information analysis to help inform whether or not there is potential worth in undertaking further research. DATA SOURCES For each aspect of the research - the systematic review, the handsearch study and the economic evaluation - a database was assembled from a comprehensive search for published and unpublished studies, which included database searches, reference lists search and contact with experts. In the systematic review prospective and retrospective patient series (diagnostic cohort) and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible for inclusion. Both consecutive series and series that are not explicitly reported as consecutive were included. REVIEW METHODS Two reviewers extracted all data and applied the criteria independently and resolved disagreements by discussion. Data to populate 2 × 2 contingency tables consisting of the number of true positives, true negatives, false positives and false negatives using the studies' own definitions were extracted, as were data relating to changes in management. Fourteen items from the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies checklist were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Patient-level data were used to calculate sensitivity and specificity with confidence intervals (CIs). Data were plotted graphically in forest plots. For the economic evaluation, economic models were designed for each of the disease states: primary, recurrent and metastatic. These were developed and populated based on a variety of information sources (in particular from published data sources) and literature, and in consultation with clinical experts. RESULTS The review found 30 studies that met the eligibility criteria. Only two small studies evaluated the use of FDG PET/CT in primary CRC, and there is insufficient evidence to support its routine use at this time. The use of FDG PET/CT for the detection of recurrent disease identified data from five retrospective studies from which a pooled sensitivity of 91% (95% CI 0.87% to 0.95%) and specificity of 91% (95% CI 0.85% to 0.95%) were observed. Pooled accuracy data from patients undergoing staging for suspected metastatic disease showed FDG PET/CT to have a pooled sensitivity of 91% (95% CI 87% to 94%) and a specificity of 76% (95% CI 58% to 88%), but the poor quality of the studies means the validity of the data may be compromised by several biases. The separate handsearch study did not yield any additional unique studies relevant to FDG PET/CT. Models for recurrent disease demonstrated an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £ 21,409 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) for rectal cancer, £ 6189 per QALY for colon cancer and £ 21,434 per QALY for metastatic disease. The value of handsearching to identify studies of less clearly defined or reported diagnostic tests is still to be investigated. CONCLUSIONS The systematic review found insufficient evidence to support the routine use of FDG PET/CT in primary CRC and only a small amount of evidence supporting its use in the pre-operative staging of recurrent and metastatic CRC, and, although FDG PET/CT was shown to change patient management, the data are divergent and the quality of research is generally poor. The handsearch to identify studies of less clearly defined or reported diagnostic tests did not find additional studies. The primary limitations in the economic evaluations were due to uncertainty and lack of available evidence from the systematic reviews for key parameters in each of the five models. In order to address this, a conservative approach was adopted in choosing DTA estimates for the model parameters. Probabilistic analyses were undertaken for each of the models, incorporating wide levels of uncertainty particularly for the DTA estimates. None of the economic models reported cost-savings, but the approach adopted was conservative in order to determine more reliable results given the lack of current information. The economic evaluations conclude that FDG PET/CT as an add-on imaging device is cost-effective in the pre-operative staging of recurrent colon, recurrent rectal and metastatic disease but not in primary colon or rectal cancers. There would be value in undertaking an RCT with a concurrent economic evaluation to evaluate the therapeutic impact and cost-effectiveness of FDG PET/CT compared with conventional imaging (without PET) for the pre-operative staging of recurrent and metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brush
- Department of Radiology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
Trauma- and injury-related research is recognised in Australia as a National Health Priority Area. Within the past 5 years (2005-2009) 926 trauma-related research publications with an Australian author can be retrieved from the Thomson-Reuters ISI Web of Science database. These publications are written with co-authors from 725 institutions world-wide and span 110 discipline areas from surgery to interdisciplinary social science. Each of these disciplines can represent an opportunity to bridge the gulf between research and health practice, but must be supported by major funding if this translational research is to continue. There are ways in which junior researchers and experience research teams can optimise their trauma-related research proposals to convince funding agencies of the continuing importance of the field and obtain the necessary funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dunlop
- Faculty Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Gernon G, Nimmo E, Aldhous M, Smith A, Walker M, Satsangi J, Dunlop M, Farrington S. 689 Investigation into the differential expression of early growth response-1 in diseased colon. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Walther A, Domingo E, Mesher D, Johnstone E, Orntoft T, Sasieni P, Dunlop M, Tejpar S, Kerr DJ, Tomlinson I. Genome-wide association study for germline prognostic markers in colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tomlinson IPM, Dunlop M, Campbell H, Zanke B, Gallinger S, Hudson T, Koessler T, Pharoah PD, Niittymäkix I, Tuupanenx S, Aaltonen LA, Hemminki K, Lindblom A, Försti A, Sieber O, Lipton L, van Wezel T, Morreau H, Wijnen JT, Devilee P, Matsuda K, Nakamura Y, Castellví-Bel S, Ruiz-Ponte C, Castells A, Carracedo A, Ho JWC, Sham P, Hofstra RMW, Vodicka P, Brenner H, Hampe J, Schafmayer C, Tepel J, Schreiber S, Völzke H, Lerch MM, Schmidt CA, Buch S, Moreno V, Villanueva CM, Peterlongo P, Radice P, Echeverry MM, Velez A, Carvajal-Carmona L, Scott R, Penegar S, Broderick P, Tenesa A, Houlston RS. COGENT (COlorectal cancer GENeTics): an international consortium to study the role of polymorphic variation on the risk of colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:447-54. [PMID: 19920828 PMCID: PMC2816642 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now recognised that a part of the inherited risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) can be explained by the co-inheritance of low-penetrance genetic variants. The accumulated experience to date in identifying these variants has served to highlight difficulties in conducting statistically and methodologically rigorous studies and follow-up analyses. The COGENT (COlorectal cancer GENeTics) consortium includes 20 research groups in Europe, Australia, the Americas, China and Japan. The overarching goal of COGENT is to identify and characterise low-penetrance susceptibility variants for CRC through association-based analyses. In this study, we review the rationale for identifying low-penetrance variants for CRC and our proposed strategy for establishing COGENT.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P M Tomlinson
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - M Dunlop
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, MRC-HGU, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - H Campbell
- Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH89AG, UK
| | - B Zanke
- The Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, The MaRS Center, 101 College St, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- The University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, 101 Smythe Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6
- Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2L7
| | - S Gallinger
- Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2L7
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
| | - T Hudson
- The Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, The MaRS Center, 101 College St, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - T Koessler
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P D Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Niittymäkix
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Biomedicum 9, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Tuupanenx
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Biomedicum 9, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Biomedicum 9, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Hemminki
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CMM02, Stockholm S17176, Sweden
| | - A Försti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, CMM02, Stockholm S17176, Sweden
| | - O Sieber
- LCCI Biomarker Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, PO Box 2008, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - L Lipton
- LCCI Biomarker Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, PO Box 2008, Royal Melbourne Hospital, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - T van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA LEIDEN 2333, The Netherlands
| | - H Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA LEIDEN 2333, The Netherlands
| | - J T Wijnen
- Departments of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA LEIDEN 2333, The Netherlands
| | - P Devilee
- Departments of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA LEIDEN 2333, The Netherlands
| | - K Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Castellví-Bel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Ruiz-Ponte
- Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica (FPGMX), CIBERER, Genomic Medicine Group-University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - A Castells
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Carracedo
- Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica (FPGMX), CIBERER, Genomic Medicine Group-University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - J W C Ho
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - P Sham
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - R M W Hofstra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.0001, Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - P Vodicka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - H Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - J Hampe
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstraße 12, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - C Schafmayer
- POPGEN Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstrasse 12, Kiel 24105, Germany
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - J Tepel
- Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - S Schreiber
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstraße 12, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- Institut für Community Medicine, University Hospital Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Strasse 48, Greifswald 17487, Germany
| | - M M Lerch
- Klinik für Innere Medizin A University Hospital Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Strasse 23a, Greifswald 17487, Germany
| | - C A Schmidt
- Klinik für Innere Medizin C, University Hospital Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald 17487, Germany
| | - S Buch
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstraße 12, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - V Moreno
- IDIBELL-Catalan Institute of Oncology and University of Barcelona, Av Gran Via 199, L’Hospitalet, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - C M Villanueva
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar) and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Doctor Aiguader, Barcelona 88 E-08003, Spain
| | - P Peterlongo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, and Fondazione IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - P Radice
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, and Fondazione IFOM, Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - M M Echeverry
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Tolima, Barrio Altos de Santa Helena, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - A Velez
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe, Calle 78 B No. 69-240, Medellín, Colombia
| | - L Carvajal-Carmona
- Molecular and Population Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Tolima, Barrio Altos de Santa Helena, Ibague, Tolima, Colombia
| | - R Scott
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - S Penegar
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - P Broderick
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - A Tenesa
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, MRC-HGU, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - R S Houlston
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Rd, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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Zong QG, Zhou XZ, Wang YF, Li X, Song P, Baker DN, Fritz TA, Daly PW, Dunlop M, Pedersen A. Energetic electron response to ULF waves induced by interplanetary shocks in the outer radiation belt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q.-G. Zong
- Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology; Peking University; Beijing China
- Center for Atmospheric Research; University of Massachusetts Lowell; Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - X.-Z. Zhou
- Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - Y. F. Wang
- Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - X. Li
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. Song
- Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology; Peking University; Beijing China
| | - D. N. Baker
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. A. Fritz
- Center for Space Physics; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - P. W. Daly
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Katlenburg-Lindau Germany
| | - M. Dunlop
- CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Didcot UK
| | - A. Pedersen
- Department of Physics; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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14
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Hudson N, Ayoko GA, Dunlop M, Duperouzel D, Burrell D, Bell K, Gallagher E, Nicholas P, Heinrich N. Comparison of odour emission rates measured from various sources using two sampling devices. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:118-124. [PMID: 18625551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 05/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two commonly used sampling devices (a wind tunnel and the US EPA dynamic emission chamber), were used to collect paired samples of odorous air from a number of agricultural odour sources. The odour samples were assessed using triangular, forced-choice dynamic olfactometry. The odour concentration data was combined with the flushing rate data to calculate odour emission rates for both devices on all sources. Odour concentrations were consistently higher in samples collected with a flux chamber (ratio ranging from 10:7 to 5:1, relative to wind tunnel samples), whereas odour emission rates were consistently larger when derived from wind tunnels (ratio ranging from 60:1 to 240:1, relative to flux chamber values). A complex relationship existed between emission rate estimates derived from each device, apparently influenced by the nature of the emitting surface. These results have great significance for users of odour dispersion models, for which an odour emission rate is a key input parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hudson
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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15
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Hudson N, Ayoko GA, Collman G, Gallagher E, Dunlop M, Duperouzel D. Long-term assessment of efficacy of permeable pond covers for odour reduction. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:6409-6418. [PMID: 18248811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Three anaerobic ponds used to store and treat piggery wastes were fully covered with permeable materials manufactured from polypropylene geofabric, polyethylene shade cloth and supported straw. The covers were assessed in terms of efficacy in reducing odour emission rates over a 40-month period. Odour samples were collected from the surface of the covers, the surface of the exposed liquor and from the surface of an uncovered (control) pond at one of the piggeries. Relative to the emission rate of the exposed liquor at each pond, the polypropylene, shade cloth and straw covers reduced average emission rates by 76%, 69% and 66%, respectively. At the piggery with an uncovered control pond, the polypropylene covers reduced average odour emission rates by 50% and 41%, respectively. A plausible hypothesis, consistent with likely mechanisms for the odour reduction and the olfactometric method used to quantifying the efficacy of the covers, is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hudson
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
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16
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Hobara Y, Walker SN, Balikhin M, Pokhotelov OA, Gedalin M, Krasnoselskikh V, Hayakawa M, André M, Dunlop M, Rème H, Fazakerley A. Cluster observations of electrostatic solitary waves near the Earth's bow shock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007ja012789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Hobara
- Automatic Control and Systems Engineering; University of Sheffield; UK
| | - S. N. Walker
- Automatic Control and Systems Engineering; University of Sheffield; UK
| | - M. Balikhin
- Automatic Control and Systems Engineering; University of Sheffield; UK
| | - O. A. Pokhotelov
- Automatic Control and Systems Engineering; University of Sheffield; UK
| | - M. Gedalin
- Department of Physics; Ben-Gurion University; Beer-Sheva Israel
| | - V. Krasnoselskikh
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement; CNRS; Orleans France
| | - M. Hayakawa
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics; Uppsala Sweden
| | - M. André
- Department of Electronic Engineering; University of Electro-Communications; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Dunlop
- Space Science Division, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; UK
| | | | - A. Fazakerley
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory; University College London; London UK
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17
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Hudson N, McGahan E, Casey K, Lowe S, Galvin G, Jeston P, Dunlop M. Odour emissions from anaerobic piggery ponds. 1. Results of a three season, 14-month survey. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:1877-87. [PMID: 16962322 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Odour emission rates were measured for seven different anaerobic ponds treating piggery wastes at six to nine discrete locations across the surface of each pond on each sampling occasion over a 14-month period. Emission rate values varied between ponds, between seasons for the same pond and even for the same pond on different days of a sampling week. Average seasonal emission rates ranged from 7.9 to 46.5OU/m(2)s, while average emission rates ranged from 16.0 to 29.0OU/m(2)s. Factors potentially responsible for the variability in emission rates were investigated, including air and pond liquor temperatures, time of day of sample collection, season and the impact of a prolonged drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hudson
- Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries Queensland, P.O. Box 102, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Shen
- Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Laboratory for Atmosphere and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - X. Li
- Laboratory for Atmosphere and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. Dunlop
- Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine; London United Kingdom
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Chilton, DIDCOT; Oxfordshire United Kingdom
| | - Q. Q. Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Z. X. Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - E. Lucek
- Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine; London United Kingdom
| | - Z. Q. Chen
- Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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19
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Shen C, Dunlop M, Li X, Liu ZX, Balogh A, Zhang TL, Carr CM, Shi QQ, Chen ZQ. New approach for determining the normal of the bow shock based on Cluster four-point magnetic field measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Shen
- Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - M. Dunlop
- Imperial College of Science; Technology and Medicine; London UK
| | - X. Li
- Laboratory for Atmosphere and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Z. X. Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - A. Balogh
- Imperial College of Science; Technology and Medicine; London UK
| | - T. L. Zhang
- Space Research Institute; Austrian Academy of Sciences; Graz Austria
| | - C. M. Carr
- Imperial College of Science; Technology and Medicine; London UK
| | - Q. Q. Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Z. Q. Chen
- Key Laboratory for Space Weather, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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20
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Sieber OM, Segditsas S, Knudsen AL, Zhang J, Luz J, Rowan AJ, Spain SL, Thirlwell C, Howarth KM, Jaeger EEM, Robinson J, Volikos E, Silver A, Kelly G, Aretz S, Frayling I, Hutter P, Dunlop M, Guenther T, Neale K, Phillips R, Heinimann K, Tomlinson IPM. Disease severity and genetic pathways in attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis vary greatly but depend on the site of the germline mutation. Gut 2006; 55:1440-8. [PMID: 16461775 PMCID: PMC1856441 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2005.087106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (AFAP) is associated with germline mutations in the 5', 3', and exon 9 of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. These mutations probably encode a limited amount of functional APC protein. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that colonic polyp number varied greatly among AFAP patients but members of the same family tended to have more similar disease severity. 5' Mutants generally had more polyps than other patients. We analysed somatic APC mutations/loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 235 tumours from 35 patients (16 families) with a variety of AFAP associated germline mutations. In common with two previous studies of individual kindreds, we found biallelic changes ("third hits") in some polyps. We found that the "third hit" probably initiated tumorigenesis. Somatic mutation spectra were similar in 5' and 3' mutant patients, often resembling classical FAP. In exon 9 mutants, in contrast, "third hits" were more common. Most "third hits" left three 20 amino acid repeats (20AARs) on the germline mutant APC allele, with LOH (or proximal somatic mutation) of the wild-type allele; but some polyps had loss of the germline mutant with mutation leaving one 20AAR on the wild-type allele. CONCLUSIONS We propose that mutations, such as nt4661insA, that leave three 20AARs are preferentially selected in cis with some AFAP mutations because the residual protein function is near optimal for tumorigenesis. Not all AFAP polyps appear to need "three hits" however. AFAP is phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous. In addition to effects of different germline mutations, modifier genes may be acting on the AFAP phenotype, perhaps influencing the quantity of functional protein produced by the germline mutant allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Sieber
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, London, UK
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21
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Abstract
Mutations in the MUTYH gene have been reported to be associated with increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. In this study, we confirmed this association using original data on 928 colorectal cancer cases and 845 healthy controls from Scotland. We then conducted a meta-analysis from published data on the association between mutations at MUTYH and colorectal cancer risk. We show for the first time a small but significant mono-allelic effect with a genotype relative risk (GRR) of 1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.61), and confirm and give a more precise estimate of the strong bi-allelic effect with an estimated GRR of 117 (95% CI: 74-184). This study underscores the need for large sample sizes in order to identify small gene effects when the disease allele frequency is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tenesa
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 4th Floor, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. E-mails: ,
| | - H Campbell
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
- Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - R Barnetson
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Porteous
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
- Clinical Genetics Department, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - M Dunlop
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S M Farrington
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
- Colon Cancer Genetics Group, School of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 4th Floor, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. E-mails: ,
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22
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Porteous M, Dunckley M, Appleton S, Catt S, Dunlop M, Campbell H, Cull A. Is it acceptable to approach colorectal cancer patients at diagnosis to discuss genetic testing? A pilot study. Br J Cancer 2003; 89:1400-2. [PMID: 14562005 PMCID: PMC2394344 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this pilot study, the acceptability of approaching 111 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients with the offer of genetic testing for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) was assessed. A total of 78% of participants found it highly acceptable to have the information about HNPCC brought to their attention at that time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Porteous
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Molecular Medicine Centre, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
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23
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Shen C, Li X, Dunlop M, Liu ZX, Balogh A, Baker DN, Hapgood M, Wang X. Analyses on the geometrical structure of magnetic field in the current sheet based on cluster measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002ja009612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Shen
- Laboratory for Space Weather, Chinese Cluster Data and Research Center, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - X. Li
- Laboratory for Atmosphere and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder USA
| | - M. Dunlop
- Imperial College of Science; Technology, and Medicine; London UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire UK
| | - Z. X. Liu
- Laboratory for Space Weather, Chinese Cluster Data and Research Center, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - A. Balogh
- Imperial College of Science; Technology, and Medicine; London UK
| | - D. N. Baker
- Laboratory for Atmosphere and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder USA
| | - M. Hapgood
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire UK
| | - X. Wang
- Laboratory for Space Weather, Chinese Cluster Data and Research Center, Center for Space Science and Applied Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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24
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Dunlop M, Christiansen RG. Dilemmas in geriatrics: scenario 4 results. WMJ 2002; 101:11. [PMID: 12152509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Dunlop
- Western General Hospital, Edinburgh
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25
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Balikhin MA, Nozdrachev M, Dunlop M, Krasnosel'skikh V, Walker SN, Alleyne HSCK, Formisano V, Andre M, Balogh A, Eriksson A, Yearby K. Observation of the terrestrial bow shock in quasi-electrostatic subshock regime. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Balikhin
- Space Instrumentation Group, Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - M. Nozdrachev
- Space Instrumentation Group, Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - M. Dunlop
- Blackett Laboratory; Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine; London UK
| | - V. Krasnosel'skikh
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement, CNRS; Orleans France
| | - S. N. Walker
- Space Instrumentation Group, Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - H. St. C. K. Alleyne
- Space Instrumentation Group, Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - V. Formisano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche; Frascati Italy
| | - M. Andre
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche; Frascati Italy
| | - A. Balogh
- Blackett Laboratory; Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine; London UK
| | - A. Eriksson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics-Uppsala; Uppsala Sweden
| | - K. Yearby
- Space Instrumentation Group, Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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26
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity in Western society has reached epidemic proportions and its aetiological role in the development of type 2 diabetes has made finding an effective treatment for the condition of crucial importance. Of the many consequences of obesity, derangements in glucose metabolism present one of the greatest problems to health. While the role of obesity in causing insulin resistance has received much attention, the effect of obesity on beta-cell failure and the consequent development of type 2 diabetes requires re-emphasis. In this review, the current understanding of the effects of elevated free-fatty acids on beta-cell function will be examined, including a discussion of potential mechanisms. In particular, dysregulation of biochemical pathways and alterations in key enzymes, proteins and hormones will be considered as grounds for the progression to a diabetic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zraika
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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27
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Marklund GT, Ivchenko N, Karlsson T, Fazakerley A, Dunlop M, Lindqvist PA, Buchert S, Owen C, Taylor M, Vaivalds A, Carter P, André M, Balogh A. Temporal evolution of the electric field accelerating electrons away from the auroral ionosphere. Nature 2001; 414:724-7. [PMID: 11742392 DOI: 10.1038/414724a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The bright night-time aurorae that are visible to the unaided eye are caused by electrons accelerated towards Earth by an upward-pointing electric field. On adjacent geomagnetic field lines the reverse process occurs: a downward-pointing electric field accelerates electrons away from Earth. Such magnetic-field-aligned electric fields in the collisionless plasma above the auroral ionosphere have been predicted, but how they could be maintained is still a matter for debate. The spatial and temporal behaviour of the electric fields-a knowledge of which is crucial to an understanding of their nature-cannot be resolved uniquely by single satellite measurements. Here we report on the first observations by a formation of identically instrumented satellites crossing a beam of upward-accelerated electrons. The structure of the electric potential accelerating the beam grew in magnitude and width for about 200 s, accompanied by a widening of the downward-current sheet, with the total current remaining constant. The 200-s timescale suggests that the evacuation of the electrons from the ionosphere contributes to the formation of the downward-pointing magnetic-field-aligned electric fields. This evolution implies a growing load in the downward leg of the current circuit, which may affect the visible discrete aurorae.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Marklund
- Division of Plasma Physics, Alfvén Laboratory, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, SE 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Dearden C, Donnell J, Donnelly J, Dunlop M, Higgins M, Tieney E. Traumatic wounds: the management of superficial and partial thickness burns. Nurs Times 2001; 97:53-5. [PMID: 11954535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Dearden
- Regional Burns Unit, Royal Hospitals and Dental Hospital, Health and Social Services Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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29
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Dearden C, Donnell J, Donnelly J, Dunlop M. Traumatic wounds: local wound management. Nurs Times 2001; 97:55-7. [PMID: 11957603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Dearden
- Royal Hospitals, Dental Hospital Health and Social Services Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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30
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Dearden C, Donnell J, Donnelly J, Dunlop M. Traumatic wounds: cleansing and dressing. Nurs Times 2001; 97:50-2. [PMID: 11958110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Dearden
- Royal Hospitals and Dental Hospital, Health and Social Services Trust, Belfast
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31
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Dearden C, Donnell J, Donnelly J, Dunlop M. Traumatic wounds: nursing assessment and management. Nurs Times 2001; 97:52-4, 56. [PMID: 11954489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Dearden
- Royal Hospitals and Dental Hospital, Health and Social Services Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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32
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Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND; In diabetic renal complications, hyperglycemia may cause damage at a cellular level in both glomerular and tubular locations, often preceding overt dysfunction. Our previous work has implicated aldose reductase in a pathway whereby aldose reductase-induced use of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH) drives the pentose phosphate pathway, which culminates in a protein kinase C-induced increase in glomerular prostaglandin production and loss of mesangial cell contractility as a possible cause of hyperfiltration and glomerular dysfunction in diabetes. In this model, aldose reductase inhibition in vitro redresses all aspects of the pathway proposed to lead to hyperfiltration; aldose reductase inhibition in vivo gives only a partial amelioration over the short-term or is without effect in the longer term on microalbuminuria, which follows glomerular and tubular dysfunction. In diabetes, hyperglycemia-induced renal polyol pathway activity does not occur in isolation but instead in tandem with oxidative changes and the production of reactive dicarbonyls and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes. Aldose reductase may detoxify these compounds. We investigated this aspect in a transgenic rat model with human aldose reductase cDNA under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter with tubular expression of transgene. METHODS Tubules (S3 region-enriched) from transgenic and control animals were prepared, exposed to oxidative stress, and analyzed to determine the cellular protein dicarbonyl content. RESULTS In tubules from transgenic animals, oxidative stress-induced dicarbonyls were significantly reduced, an effect not seen when an aldose reductase inhibitor was present. CONCLUSIONS Aldose reductase may both exacerbate and alleviate the production of metabolites that lead to hyperglycemia-induced cellular impairment, with the balance determining the extent of dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dunlop
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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33
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Woodford-Richens K, Bevan S, Churchman M, Dowling B, Jones D, Norbury CG, Hodgson SV, Desai D, Neale K, Phillips RK, Young J, Leggett B, Dunlop M, Rozen P, Eng C, Markie D, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Sheridan E, Iwama T, Eccles D, Smith GT, Kim JC, Kim KM, Sampson JR, Evans G, Tejpar S, Bodmer WF, Tomlinson IP, Houlston RS. Analysis of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in juvenile polyposis. Gut 2000; 46:656-60. [PMID: 10764709 PMCID: PMC1727907 DOI: 10.1136/gut.46.5.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) is characterised by gastrointestinal (GI) hamartomatous polyposis and an increased risk of GI malignancy. Juvenile polyps also occur in the Cowden (CS), Bannayan-Ruvalcaba-Riley (BRRS) and Gorlin (GS) syndromes. Diagnosing JPS can be problematic because it relies on exclusion of CS, BRRS, and GS. Germline mutations in the PTCH, PTEN and DPC4 (SMAD4) genes can cause GS, CS/BRRS, and JPS, respectively. AIMS To examine the contribution of mutations in PTCH, PTEN, and DPC4 (SMAD4) to JPS. METHODS Forty seven individuals from 15 families and nine apparently sporadic cases with JPS were screened for germline mutations in DPC4, PTEN, and PTCH. RESULTS No patient had a mutation in PTEN or PTCH. Five different germline mutations were detected in DPC4; three of these were deletions, one a single base substitution creating a stop codon, and one a missense change. None of these patients had distinguishing clinical features. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in PTEN and PTCH are unlikely to cause juvenile polyposis in the absence of clinical features indicative of CS, BRRS, or GS. A proportion of JPS patients harbour DPC4 mutations (21% in this study) but there remains uncharacterized genetic heterogeneity in JPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Woodford-Richens
- Molecular and Population Genetics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London WC2A 3PX, UK
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Bevan S, Woodford-Richens K, Rozen P, Eng C, Young J, Dunlop M, Neale K, Phillips R, Markie D, Rodriguez-Bigas M, Leggett B, Sheridan E, Hodgson S, Iwama T, Eccles D, Bodmer W, Houlston R, Tomlinson I. Screening SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD5 for germline mutations in juvenile polyposis syndrome. Gut 1999; 45:406-8. [PMID: 10446110 PMCID: PMC1727626 DOI: 10.1136/gut.45.3.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Juvenile polyps occur in several Mendelian disorders, whether in association with gastrointestinal cancer alone (juvenile polyposis syndrome, JPS) or as part of known syndromes (Cowden, Gorlin, and Bannayan-Zonana) in association with developmental abnormalities, dysmorphic features, or extraintestinal tumours. Recently, some JPS families were shown to harbour germline mutations in the SMAD4 (DPC4) gene, providing further evidence for the importance of the TGFbeta signalling pathway in colorectal cancer. There remains, however, considerable, unexplained genetic heterogeneity in JPS. Other members of the SMAD family are excellent candidates for JPS, especially SMAD2 (which, like SMAD4, is mutated somatically in colorectal cancers), SMAD3 (which causes colorectal cancer when "knocked out" in mice), SMAD5, and SMAD1. METHODS SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD5 were screened for germline mutations in 30 patients with JPS and without SMAD4 mutations. RESULTS No mutations were found in any of these genes. A G-A C89Y polymorphism with possible effects on protein function was found in SMAD3, but the frequencies of the G and A alleles did not differ between patients with JPS and controls. CONCLUSIONS It remains to be determined whether or not this polymorphism is involved in a minor predisposition to colorectal or other carcinomas. SMAD4 may be the only member of the SMAD family which causes JPS when mutant in the germline. The other genes underlying JPS remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bevan
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Haddow Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dunlop
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast
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36
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Houlston R, Bevan S, Williams A, Young J, Dunlop M, Rozen P, Eng C, Markie D, Woodford-Richens K, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Leggett B, Neale K, Phillips R, Sheridan E, Hodgson S, Iwama T, Eccles D, Bodmer W, Tomlinson I. Mutations in DPC4 (SMAD4) cause juvenile polyposis syndrome, but only account for a minority of cases. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7:1907-12. [PMID: 9811934 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/7.12.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile polyps are present in a number of Mendelian disorders, sometimes in association only with gastrointestinal cancer [juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS)] and sometimes as part of known syndromes (Cowden, Gorlin and Banayan-Zonana) in association with developmental abnormalities, dysmorphic features or extra-intestinal tumours. Recently, a gene for JPS was mapped to 18q21.1 and the candidate gene DPC4 (SMAD4) was shown to carry frameshift mutations in some JPS families. We have analysed eight JPS families for linkage to DPC4. Overall, there was no evidence for linkage to DPC4; linkage could be excluded in two of the eight pedigrees and was unlikely in two others. We then tested these eight families and a further 13 familial and sporadic JPS cases for germline mutations in DPC4. Just one germline DPC4 mutation was found (in a familial JPS patient from a pedigree unsuitable for linkage analysis). Like all three previously reported germline mutations, this variant occurred towards the C-terminus of the DPC4 protein. However, our patient's mutation is a missense change (R361C); somatic missense mutations in DPC4 have been reported previously in tumours. We therefore confirm DPC4 as a cause of JPS, but show that there is considerable remaining, uncharacterized genetic heterogeneity in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Houlston
- Cancer Genetics, Haddow Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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37
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Dunlop M. Paola di Guilio in a conversation with Margaret Dunlop. Interview by Paola di Guilio. Nurs Inq 1997; 4:203-4. [PMID: 9335824 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.1997.tb00101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Liu B, Parsons R, Papadopoulos N, Nicolaides NC, Lynch HT, Watson P, Jass JR, Dunlop M, Wyllie A, Peltomäki P, de la Chapelle A, Hamilton SR, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. Analysis of mismatch repair genes in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer patients. Nat Med 1996; 2:169-74. [PMID: 8574961 DOI: 10.1038/nm0296-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the early onset of colorectal cancer and linked to germline defects in at least four mismatch repair genes. Although much has been learned about the molecular pathogenesis of this disease, questions related to effective presymptomatic diagnosis are largely unanswered because of its genetic complexity. In this study, we evaluated tumors from 74 HNPCC kindreds for genomic instability characteristic of a mismatch repair deficiency and found such instability in 92% of the kindreds. The entire coding regions of the five known human mismatch repair genes were evaluated in 48 kindreds with instability, and mutations were identified in 70%. This study demonstrates that a combination of techniques can be used to genetically diagnose tumor susceptibility in the majority of HNPCC kindreds and lays the foundation for genetic testing of this relatively common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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40
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Dunlop M, Muggli E, Clark S. Association of cyclin-dependent kinase-4 and cyclin D1 in neonatal beta cells after mitogenic stimulation by lysophosphatidic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 218:132-6. [PMID: 8573118 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal pancreatic islet beta cells retain a mitogenic capacity in response to growth factors. In this study an increased incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine in response to oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid is preceded by a GTP-dependent increase in phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-related kinase, ERK1. The presence of cyclin-dependent kinase-4 and an association with a catalytic partner cyclin D1, a process by which the progression through the cell cycle is regulated in other cell types, was shown to follow this. The mechanisms linking ERK1 phosphorylation and activation of cell cycle progression are not known. Investigation of this process in neonatal beta cells may provide a common pathway for the early response to growth factors and the conditions required for an increase in beta cell mass by proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dunlop
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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41
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Abstract
This paper is an interpretive analysis of the discourses within popular romance literature, with a particular focus on the genre that includes constructions of the images of nurses and nursing. An historical contrast is made along with examinations of the uses and meanings encompassed within this body of literature, and its messages for women as nurses as it reflects/creates societal change. Deviations from the formulaic nature of these works are explored. Discipline and passion are the recurring themes evident throughout in juxtapositions of romance and power differentials in the hospital/medical scene. The soft-core, sado-masochistic images evident in many titles are explored in a way that raises questions about sexuality, romance, nursing mythology, and the future of this sub-genre of the popular romance.
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42
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Dunlop M, Clark S. Glucose-induced phosphorylation and activation of a high molecular weight cytosolic phospholipase A2 in neonatal rat pancreatic islets. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1995; 27:1191-9. [PMID: 7584605 DOI: 10.1016/1357-2725(95)00093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that stimulus-secretion coupling for the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet is potentiated by phospholipase A2 activity. Several biochemically distinct phospholipase A2 activities have been described in the islet. A recently identified cytosolic high molecular weight phospholipase A2, which requires Ca2+ for association with cellular membranes but not for catalytic activity can be activated in a protein kinase C-dependent manner in other cell-types. We determined its phosphorylation and activation in response to phorbol ester and glucose in cultured islet cells from neonatal rats. Islet cell monolayers were labelled to equilibrium with [32P]orthophosphate. Following stimulation cytosolic phospholipase A2 was immunoprecipitated and, after electrophoretic separation and transfer to nitrocellulose membrane, 32P-labelled protein was detected by autoradiography. Phospholipase A2 activity of islet cell cytosol was determined by hydrolysis of exogenous I-stearyl- 2[14C]arachidonyl phosphatidylcholine substrate. It could be shown that phosphorylation of immunoprecipitated phospholipase A2 was augmented by prolonged glucose exposure (> 1 hr) in a protein kinase C-dependent manner. Phosphorylation occurred concomitant with a glucose-induced increase in total cellular phospholipase A2 activity (177 +/- 3 nmol substrate hydrolysed/mg protein at glucose 5.6 mM vs 267 +/- 32 (SEM, n = 4) at glucose 25 mM, P < 0.05). Both acute protein kinase C (459 +/- 71) and glucose-activated phospholipase A2 activities were reduced in the presence of a specific arachidonic acid analogue inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (to 231 +/- 10 and 161 +/- 17, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dunlop
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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43
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Soulis-Liparota T, Cooper ME, Dunlop M, Jerums G. The relative roles of advanced glycation, oxidation and aldose reductase inhibition in the development of experimental diabetic nephropathy in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Diabetologia 1995; 38:387-94. [PMID: 7796978 DOI: 10.1007/bf00410275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation is an important pathogenic mechanism in the development of diabetic complications. However, other biochemical processes, such as the polyol pathway or lipid and protein oxidation which can interact with advanced glycation can also yield tissue fluorescence and may also be implicated in the genesis of diabetic microangiopathy. Aminoguanidine is an inhibitor of advanced glycation, but it is not known if all of its effects are mediated by this mechanism. The present study explores the relative contributions of aldose reductase, oxidative stress and advanced glycation on the development of aortic and renal fluorescence and urinary albumin excretion in streptozotocin diabetic rats. The study groups included non-diabetic (control), streptozotocin diabetic rats and diabetic rats receiving aminoguanidine, the anti-oxidants butylated hydroxytoluene and probucol and the aldose reductase inhibitor, ponalrestat. Serial measurements of glycaemic control and urinary albumin excretion were performed every 8 weeks. At 32 weeks, animals were killed, tissues removed and collagen extracted for measurement of fluorescence. Diabetic rats had increased fluorescence in aorta, glomeruli and renal tubules. Aminoguanidine prevented an increase in fluorescence at all three sites suggesting that diabetes-related tissue fluorescence is predominantly due to advanced glycation. Ponalrestat retarded fluorescence in aorta only and butylated hydroxytoluene attenuated fluorescence at the renal sites but not in the aorta. Diabetic rats had increased renal cortical sorbitol levels. Ponalrestat normalized renal cortical sorbitol levels but aminoguanidine did not affect this parameter. The only agent to decrease plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was butylated hydroxytoluene. Diabetic rats developed albuminuria over the 32-week period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- T Soulis-Liparota
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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44
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Prangé R, Engle IM, Clarke JT, Dunlop M, Ballester GE, Ip WH, Maurice S, Trauger J. Auroral signature of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 in the jovian magnetosphere. Science 1995; 267:1317-20. [PMID: 7871430 DOI: 10.1126/science.7871430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The electrodynamic interaction of the dust and gas comae of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with the jovian magnetosphere was unique and different from the atmospheric effects. Early theoretical predictions of auroral-type processes on the comet magnetic field line and advanced modeling of the time-varying morphology of these lines allowed dedicated observations with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 and resulted in the detection of a bright auroral spot. In that respect, this observation of the surface signature of an externally triggered auroral process can be considered as a "magnetospheric active experiment" on Jupiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prangé
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS-Université Paris XI, Orsay, France
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45
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Dunlop M. Few Canadian hospitals qualify for "Baby Friendly" designation by promoting breast-feeding: survey. CMAJ 1995; 152:87-9. [PMID: 7804924 PMCID: PMC1337498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Only five Canadian hospitals meet requirements for promoting breast-feeding as set out by the World Health Organization and qualify to receive the international "Baby Friendly" designation, a national survey has determined. Results from the survey of 523 hospitals were released at a Toronto conference.
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46
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Clark S, Keogh R, Dunlop M. The role of protein kinase C in arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin E production from CHO cells transfected with EGF receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994; 1224:221-7. [PMID: 7981236 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(94)90194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin production are stimulated by both phorbol esters and growth factors in various cell types. Whereas phorbol esters activate and transmit a signal via protein kinase C, this pathway is not necessarily involved in growth factor signal transduction. We investigated the involvement of protein kinase C in the pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism by CHO cells transfected with full-length EGF receptor (CHOwt). Two isoforms of protein kinase C were identified in CHOwt cells, alpha and zeta. On downregulation, the parallel loss of phorbol ester-stimulated arachidonic acid release and the alpha-isoform suggests a possible involvement of this isoform in phospholipase A2 activation in these cells. In addition, we propose that the zeta-isoform may be separately involved in prostaglandin production as residual phorbol ester-stimulation of PGE production occurs in downregulated cells where PKC zeta is the sole remaining isoform. EGF stimulation of arachidonic acid release, as a measure of phospholipase A2 activation, and subsequent prostaglandin production are unaffected by inhibition of protein kinase C in CHOwt cells. Indeed one such inhibitor, staurosporine, augmented the EGF effect. These results suggest that PKC is not required for EGF activation of phospholipase A2 in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clark
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, PO Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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47
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Dunlop M. Public health MDs' concerns about imported diseases growing, meeting indicates. CMAJ 1994; 151:203-5. [PMID: 8039066 PMCID: PMC1336890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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48
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Dunlop M. Possibility of major US health care reforms on the ropes, Clinton adviser tells OMA. CMAJ 1994; 151:211-2. [PMID: 8039067 PMCID: PMC1336893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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49
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Dunlop M, Clark S. Activation of phospholipase D in CHO cells transfected with the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor: differential effects of protein kinase C activation and EGF. Biochim Biophys Acta 1993; 1220:43-8. [PMID: 8268243 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(93)90095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways, including phospholipases A2 and D, can be activated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in both a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent and -independent manner. We investigated the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) by a PKC activator, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and by EGF in CHO cells transfected with the full-length EGF receptor. In cells labelled with arachidonic acid or linoleic acid, PMA activated a PLD, determined by formation of the transphosphatidylation product phosphatidylethanol in the presence of ethanol. A basal PLD activity was seen in linoleic acid-labelled cells but not in cells labelled with arachidonic acid. This basal activity was augmented by the protein phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate and reduced by tyrosine kinase inhibition and was contributed to by PKC, as activity could not be elicited following prolonged exposure to phorbol ester, known to down-regulate some PKC isoforms. By contrast, EGF failed to stimulate formation of phosphatidylethanol in cells labelled with either fatty acid species. It is proposed that in the basal condition PKC-dependent PLD activation and protein tyrosine kinase phosphorylation are linked (possibly by a phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated formation of diacylglycerol); EGF which activated a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) but which failed to elicit PLC activation in these cells is without further effect on PLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dunlop
- University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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50
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Abstract
Glomerular accumulation of extracellular matrix in diabetes is a potential regulator of mesangial cell-matrix interactions through transmembrane matrix receptors. We now provide evidence that PG production from rat glomerular mesangial cells is increased by Fn. An increase in PG (measured as PGE) was demonstrated in mesangial cell-enriched glomerular cores after 1-h exposure (149 +/- 8% of timed control) and was sustained over a 24-h period (214 +/- 7%). Increased PG production followed exposure to a chymotryptic fragment (120,000 M(r)) of Fn and occurred concomitant with an increase in particulate PKC activity. A tetrapeptide (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) with the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence, contained in Fn and the chymotryptic fragment and recognized by specific membrane receptors (integrin matrix-binding proteins), also raised PG levels. As has been shown previously, exposure to high glucose concentration can increase mesangial cell PGE production (from 677 +/- 61 pg.mg protein-1.2 h-1 at 5.6 mM glucose to 1561 +/- 132 pg.mg protein-1.2 h-1 at 50 mM glucose, P < 0.001). The response to the chymotryptic fragment of Fn also was enhanced by concurrent exposure to high glucose concentration (from 2560 +/- 199 pg.mg protein-1.2 h-1 at 5.6 mM glucose to 4672 +/- 358 pg.mg protein-1.2 h at 50 mM glucose, P < 0.001). Coincubation with H-7, an inhibitor of PKC, abolished the PG response to glucose and the chymotryptic fragment. Involvement of PKC was supported further by abrogation of the effect of chymotryptic fragment in mesangial cells cultured for a prior prolonged period with phorbol ester.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dunlop
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, Australia
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