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Boppana NPD, Snow R, Simone PS, Emmert GL, Brown MA. A low-cost automated titration system for colorimetric endpoint detection. Analyst 2023; 148:2133-2140. [PMID: 37039548 DOI: 10.1039/d2an02086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
An auto titrator system was developed to accurately and precisely detect colorimetric endpoints for spectrochemical titrations. This system was constructed using inexpensive components such as a Raspberry Pi® single-board computer, 3D-printed components, and a commercially available spectral sensor. The auto titrator was evaluated by performing a standard method for determination of water hardness. Regardless of analyst experience, the auto titrator performed better than the traditional titration approach that involves manual dosing of titrant and visual detection of the endpoint. Inter-day, intra-day, inter-instrumental, and intra-instrumental validation studies were performed to establish the accuracy and precision of endpoint detection. The auto titrator eliminates the subjective bias in color perception and produces accurate and precise endpoint results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga P D Boppana
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA.
| | - Robyn Snow
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA.
| | - Paul S Simone
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA.
- Foundation Instruments Inc., Collierville, Tennessee 38017, USA
| | - Gary L Emmert
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA.
- Foundation Instruments Inc., Collierville, Tennessee 38017, USA
| | - Michael A Brown
- The Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152, USA.
- Foundation Instruments Inc., Collierville, Tennessee 38017, USA
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2
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Toma C, Jaber WA, Weinberg MD, Bunte MC, Khandhar S, Stegman B, Gondi S, Chambers J, Amin R, Leung DA, Kado H, Brown MA, Sarosi MG, Bhat AP, Castle J, Savin M, Siskin G, Rosenberg M, Fanola C, Horowitz JM, Pollak JS. Acute outcomes for the full US cohort of the FLASH mechanical thrombectomy registry in pulmonary embolism. EUROINTERVENTION 2023; 18:1201-1212. [PMID: 36349702 PMCID: PMC9936254 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-22-00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence supporting interventional pulmonary embolism (PE) treatment is needed. AIMS We aimed to evaluate the acute safety and effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy for intermediate- and high-risk PE in a large real-world population. METHODS FLASH is a multicentre, prospective registry enrolling up to 1,000 US and European PE patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy using the FlowTriever System. The primary safety endpoint is a major adverse event composite including device-related death and major bleeding at 48 hours, and intraprocedural adverse events. Acute mortality and 48-hour outcomes are reported. Multivariate regression analysed characteristics associated with pulmonary artery pressure and dyspnoea improvement. RESULTS Among 800 patients in the full US cohort, 76.7% had intermediate-high risk PE, 7.9% had high-risk PE, and 32.1% had thrombolytic contraindications. Major adverse events occurred in 1.8% of patients. All-cause mortality was 0.3% at 48-hour follow-up and 0.8% at 30-day follow-up, with no device-related deaths. Immediate haemodynamic improvements included a 7.6 mmHg mean drop in mean pulmonary artery pressure (-23.0%; p<0.0001) and a 0.3 L/min/m2 mean increase in cardiac index (18.9%; p<0.0001) in patients with depressed baseline values. Most patients (62.6%) had no overnight intensive care unit stay post-procedure. At 48 hours, the echocardiographic right ventricle/left ventricle ratio decreased from 1.23±0.36 to 0.98±0.31 (p<0.0001 for paired values) and patients with severe dyspnoea decreased from 66.5% to 15.6% (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Mechanical thrombectomy with the FlowTriever System demonstrates a favourable safety profile, improvements in haemodynamics and functional outcomes, and low 30-day mortality for intermediate- and high-risk PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin Toma
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mitchell D Weinberg
- Department of Cardiology, Northwell Health, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Matthew C Bunte
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sameer Khandhar
- Division of Cardiology, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Stegman
- CentraCare Heart and Vascular Center, St. Cloud, MN, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Chambers
- Interventional Cardiology, Metropolitan Heart and Vascular Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rohit Amin
- Ascension Sacred Heart Hospital Pensacola, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | | | - Herman Kado
- Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Ambarish P Bhat
- Department of Radiology, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jordan Castle
- Inland Imaging, Providence Sacred Heart, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Michael Savin
- Department of Radiology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Gary Siskin
- Department of Radiology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christina Fanola
- Department of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James M Horowitz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Pollak
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Crowley R, Youssef G, Henry A, Roberts L, Brown MA, Hoffman A, Mangos G, O'Sullivan A, Petit F, Xu L, Davis GK. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular structure and function in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at six months and two years postpartum. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with longer term postpartum cardiovascular sequelae, including double the risk of ischaemic heart disease and cardiovascular mortality (1).
Transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) were performed in women with pregnancies complicated by gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, or uncomplicated pregnancy, at six months and two years postpartum. The aim was to longitudinally assess cardiac structure and function in women with HDP and compare this to women who had a normotensive pregnancy. The six-month results have been previously reported, we now present the two-year data.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted in a pre-specified subgroup of 126 patients within a single, tertiary referral centre as part of the P4 (Post Partum, Physiology, Psychology, and Paediatric Follow Up) study (2). 74 (59%) women had a normotensive pregnancy, and 52 (41%) had a pregnancy complicated by HDP.
Women with pre-existing hypertension were excluded from the study. The mean patient age at time of six-month postpartum TTE was 32 years (range 22–47 years). TTEs were performed by blinded experienced sonographers and reported by a single blinded imaging cardiologist.
Results
Six months postpartum. 126 women underwent TTE at six months postpartum. Although all results fell within normal ranges, compared to women with a normotensive pregnancy, those with HDP had increased left ventricle (LV) wall thickness, higher relative wall thickness, and increased LV mass. E/A ratio was lower, and E/E' ratios higher in the group with pregnancy complicated by HDP, indicating a trend towards poorer diastolic function (2,3).
Two years postpartum. 35 women completed a two year postpartum TTE (18 normotensive, 17 HDP). Measurements fell within normal ranges in both groups of women.
At two years postpartum, women with HDP had larger BSA (1.9 vs 1.71 m2 p=0.003), larger LV internal diastolic diameter (48.4 vs 45.5mm p=0.017) and increased inter-ventricular septum thickness (8.5 vs 7.7mm p=0.007) compared to those with normotensive pregnancy. LV mass was greater in women with HDP (98.1 vs 81.5g), as was LA volume indexed (25.4 vs 23.4 cm3/m3), however these differences did not reach significance (p=0.053 and 0.196 respectively). Compared to normotensive women, those with HDP had higher septal (8.7 vs 7.3 p=0.014) and lateral (6.6 vs 5.4 p=0.017) E/E' ratios, indicating a trend towards diastolic dysfunction.
Conclusion
Despite measurements falling within normal ranges, our results indicate that women with HDP have changes in cardiac structure and function that persist out to two years postpartum. Limitations exist due to incomplete follow up, leading to small sample size; this was partially due to restrictions on service provision in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The St George and Sutherland Research Foundation.Philanthropic donation from Emeritus Professor Richard Henry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Crowley
- St George Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - G Youssef
- St George Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - A Henry
- St George Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - L Roberts
- St George Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - M A Brown
- St George Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - A Hoffman
- St George Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - G Mangos
- St George Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | | | - F Petit
- St George Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - L Xu
- St George Hospital , Sydney , Australia
| | - G K Davis
- St George Hospital , Sydney , Australia
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4
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Sternes PR, Brett L, Phipps J, Ciccia F, Kenna T, de Guzman E, Zimmermann K, Morrison M, Holtmann G, Klingberg E, Mauro D, McIvor C, Forsblad-d'Elia H, Brown MA. Distinctive gut microbiomes of ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease patients suggest differing roles in pathogenesis and correlate with disease activity. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:163. [PMID: 35794662 PMCID: PMC9261041 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have confirmed dysbiosis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, due to methodological differences across studies, it has not been possible to determine if these diseases have similar or different gut microbiomes. RESULTS In this study, faecal and intestinal biopsies were obtained from 33 Australian AS patients (including 5 with concomitant IBD, 'AS-IBD'), 59 IBD patients and 105 healthy controls. Stool samples were also obtained from 16 Italian AS patients and 136 Swedish AS patients. Focusing on the Australian cohort, AS, AS-IBD and IBD patients differed from one another and from healthy controls in both alpha and beta diversity. AS patients with and without clinical IBD could be distinguished from one another with moderate accuracy using stool microbiome (AUC=0.754). Stool microbiome also accurately distinguished IBD patients from healthy controls (AUC=0.757). Microbiome composition was correlated with disease activity measured by BASDAI and faecal calprotectin (FCP) levels. Enrichment of potentially pathogenic Streptococcus was noted in AS, AS-IBD and IBD patients. Furthermore, enrichment of another potentially pathogenic genus, Haemophilus, was observed in AS, AS-IBD, IBD, AS patients with increased BASDAI, and IBD patients with faecal calprotectin >100 μg/mg. Apart from these genera, no other taxa were shared between AS and IBD patients. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the distinct gut microbiome of AS and AS-IBD patients compared to IBD patients and healthy controls is consistent with immunological and genetic evidence suggesting that the gut plays a different role in driving AS compared with IBD. However, enrichment of two potentially pathogenic genera in both diseases suggests that the presence of a shared/common microbial trigger of disease cannot be discounted.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Sternes
- Centre for Microbiome Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - L Brett
- Department of Gastroenterology, Logan Hospital, Logan, Australia
| | - J Phipps
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - F Ciccia
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - T Kenna
- Centre for Microbiome Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E de Guzman
- Centre for Microbiome Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - K Zimmermann
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Morrison
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - G Holtmann
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E Klingberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D Mauro
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - C McIvor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Logan Hospital, Logan, Australia
| | - H Forsblad-d'Elia
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M A Brown
- Genomics England, London, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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5
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Toma C, Bunte MC, Cho KH, Jaber WA, Chambers J, Stegman B, Gondi S, Leung DA, Savin M, Khandhar S, Kado H, Koenig G, Weinberg M, Beasley RE, Roberts J, Angel W, Sarosi MG, Qaqi O, Veerina K, Brown MA, Pollak JS. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in a real-world pulmonary embolism population: Interim results of the FLASH registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2022; 99:1345-1355. [PMID: 35114059 PMCID: PMC9542558 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The FlowTriever All‐Comer Registry for Patient Safety and Hemodynamics (FLASH) is a prospective multi‐center registry evaluating the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy for treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) in a real‐world patient population (NCT03761173). This interim analysis reports outcomes for the first 250 patients enrolled in FLASH. Background High‐ and intermediate‐risk PEs are characterized by high mortality rates, frequent readmissions, and long‐term sequelae. Mechanical thrombectomy is emerging as a front‐line therapy for PE that enables immediate thrombus reduction while avoiding the bleeding risks inherent with thrombolytics. Methods The primary endpoint is a composite of major adverse events (MAE) including device‐related death, major bleeding, and intraprocedural device‐ or procedure‐related adverse events at 48 h. Secondary endpoints include on‐table changes in hemodynamics and longer‐term measures including dyspnea, heart rate, and cardiac function. Results Patients were predominantly intermediate‐risk per ESC guidelines (6.8% high‐risk, 93.2% intermediate‐risk). There were three MAEs (1.2%), all of which were major bleeds that resolved without sequelae, with no device‐related injuries, clinical deteriorations, or deaths at 48 h. All‐cause mortality was 0.4% at 30 days, with a single death that was unrelated to PE. Significant on‐table improvements in hemodynamics were noted, including an average reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure of 7.1 mmHg (22.2%, p < 0.001). Patient symptoms and cardiac function improved through follow‐up. Conclusions These interim results provide preliminary evidence of excellent safety in a real‐world PE population. Reported outcomes suggest that mechanical thrombectomy can result in immediate hemodynamic improvements, symptom reduction, and cardiac function recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalin Toma
- Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew C Bunte
- Vascular Medicine and Interventional Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Kenneth H Cho
- Interventional Radiology, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wissam A Jaber
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeffrey Chambers
- Interventional Cardiology, Metropolitan Heart and Vascular Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brian Stegman
- Interventional Cardiology, CentraCare Heart and Vascular Center, St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sreedevi Gondi
- Interventional Cardiology, Baptist Health, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Daniel A Leung
- Vascular Interventional Radiology, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Michael Savin
- Interventional Radiology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Sameer Khandhar
- Division of Cardiology, Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Herman Kado
- Interventional Cardiology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan, USA
| | - Gerald Koenig
- Interventional Cardiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mitchell Weinberg
- Interventional Cardiology, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert E Beasley
- Vascular Interventional Radiology, Palm Vascular Centers, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Jon Roberts
- Interventional Radiology, Methodist Healthcare Foundation, Germantown, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wesley Angel
- Interventional Radiology, Methodist Healthcare Foundation, Germantown, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael G Sarosi
- Interventional Radiology, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Osama Qaqi
- Interventional Cardiology, Ascension Providence Rochester Hospital, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Kalyan Veerina
- Interventional Cardiology, Opelousas General Health System, Opelousas, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael A Brown
- Interventional Cardiology, Boone Hospital Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Pollak
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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6
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Kennedy R, Roberts L, Davis G, Mangos G, Pettit F, Brown MA, O'Sullivan AJ, Henry A. The P4 study: Subsequent pregnancy maternal physiology after hypertensive and normotensive pregnancies. Pregnancy Hypertens 2021; 27:29-34. [PMID: 34864294 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with subsequent increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. Adverse cardiometabolic measures are noted soon after hypertensive versus normotensive pregnancy (NP); to what degree these persist into a subsequent pregnancy (SP) is unknown. This study aimed to assess women's physiology early in SP after hypertensive pregnancy (HP: preeclampsia or gestational hypertension) or NP and compare SP to 6 months postpartum findings from the index pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Prospective sub-study of the P4 (Postpartum, Physiology, Psychology and Paediatric) observational cohort. Measurements six months after NP versus HP, and the SP at 11-13 weeks gestation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Blood pressure (BP), blood and urine tests (urine ACR, HOMA-IR, LDL cholesterol), body composition, and contribution of maternal characteristics and inter-pregnancy factors to BP and body fat (FM%) in SP. RESULTS 49 women (34 NP, 15 HP). In the SP, post-HP women had higher BP (112/70 mmHg HP vs 102/64 mmHg NP; p < .001), with no significant drop from six months postpartum to early SP. On regression analysis, systolic and diastolic BP at 6-months were the major predictors for SP systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p = 0.009) BP respectively in the SP. Longer interpregnancy interval and increased FM% 6-months postpartum were associated with higher SP FM% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS BP and body fat six months postpartum were similar early in the SP for HP group, and postpartum BP and FM% were major predictors of their corresponding SP measurements. Postpartum/inter-pregnancy intervention programs to improve these cardiometabolic risk markers might help improve women's long-term health and require investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kennedy
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - L Roberts
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Department of Women and Children's Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - G Davis
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Department of Women and Children's Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - G Mangos
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Pettit
- Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - M A Brown
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A J O'Sullivan
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Henry
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Department of Women and Children's Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.
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7
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Mahil SK, Yates M, Yiu ZZN, Langan SM, Tsakok T, Dand N, Mason KJ, McAteer H, Meynell F, Coker B, Vincent A, Urmston D, Vesty A, Kelly J, Lancelot C, Moorhead L, Bachelez H, Capon F, Contreras CR, De La Cruz C, Di Meglio P, Gisondi P, Jullien D, Lambert J, Naldi L, Norton S, Puig L, Spuls P, Torres T, Warren RB, Waweru H, Weinman J, Brown MA, Galloway JB, Griffiths CM, Barker JN, Smith CH. Describing the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in people with psoriasis: findings from a global cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e636-e640. [PMID: 34145643 PMCID: PMC8447018 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S K Mahil
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Yates
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Z Z N Yiu
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - S M Langan
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Epidemiology, and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - T Tsakok
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Dand
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - K J Mason
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK.,School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - H McAteer
- The Psoriasis Association, Northampton, UK
| | - F Meynell
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - B Coker
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Vincent
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Urmston
- The Psoriasis Association, Northampton, UK
| | - A Vesty
- The Psoriasis Association, Northampton, UK
| | - J Kelly
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - C Lancelot
- International Federation of Psoriasis Associations (IFPA), Bromma, Sweden
| | - L Moorhead
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - H Bachelez
- Department of Dermatology, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute for Human Genetic Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - F Capon
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C R Contreras
- Catedra de Dermatologia, Hospital de Clinicas, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - P Di Meglio
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.,St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Gisondi
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - D Jullien
- Department of Dermatology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Psoriasis (GrPso) de la Société Française de Dermatologie, Paris, France
| | - J Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Naldi
- Centro Studi GISED, Bergamo, Italy
| | - S Norton
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Public Health/Infection and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Torres
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R B Warren
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - H Waweru
- International Federation of Psoriasis Associations (IFPA), Bromma, Sweden
| | - J Weinman
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M A Brown
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J B Galloway
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK.,Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - C M Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - J N Barker
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.,St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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8
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Sexten AJ, Moore MF, McMurphy CP, Mourer GL, Linneen SK, Brown MA, Richards CJ, Lalman DL. Effects of bale feeder design on hay waste, intake, and apparent diet digestibility in gestating beef cows. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab104. [PMID: 34278238 PMCID: PMC8281098 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeder design on hay intake, apparent diet digestibility, and hay waste in gestating beef cows. Native tallgrass prairie hay and a protein supplement was fed throughout both experiments. In Exp. 1, 56 crossbred cows were used in a Latin square arrangement. Feeder design treatments included a conventional open bottom steel ring (OBSR), an open bottom polyethylene pipe ring (POLY); a sheeted bottom steel ring (RING), and a sheeted bottom steel ring with a basket (BASK). Cows were weighed and allotted based on BW to one of four previously grazed 2.0 ha paddocks equipped with a concrete feeding pad. Fourteen cows were assigned to each paddock and three round bales were fed consecutively within each treatment period. The cows acclimated to the feeders while the first bale was being consumed. Subsequently, hay waste data were collected while the second and third bale within each period were being consumed. Waste was measured for each bale at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after each bale was introduced into the pen. Hay waste was significantly affected by hay feeder design with 19.7, 21.1, 12.4, and 5.5% of original bale weight wasted for OBSR, POLY, RING, and BASK, respectively (P < 0.01). There was a feeder design × day interaction (P < 0.01) with greater waste when the bale was first introduced into the pen in OBSR, POLY, and RING feeders and gradually declining thereafter, while waste from the BASK feeder was consistently low. There was a tendency (P = 0.06) for cows eating from OBSR feeders to consume less hay than cows eating from RING feeders. Feeder design did not influence apparent diet digestibility (P = 0.46). In Exp. 2, 64 crossbred cows (body weight = 590 ± 59 kg) were used to determine waste, forage intake, and apparent diet digestibility when hay was fed from a sheeted bottom steel ring (RING) or a RING feeder with a cone insert (CONE). More hay was wasted when cows were fed from RING feeders compared to CONE feeders (11.9% vs. 4.8%, P < 0.01). Feeder design had no effect on DMI or apparent digestibility (P > 0.45). Hay savings from adopting a more conservative feeder design can have a dramatic influence on hay utilization by beef cows and thus on cost of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Sexten
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Mikayla F Moore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Casey P McMurphy
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Gant L Mourer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Sara K Linneen
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Michael A Brown
- Grazing Lands Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, El Reno, OK, 73036, USA
| | - Chris J Richards
- Field and Research Service Unit, Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - David L Lalman
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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9
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Jiao T, Wu J, Casper DP, Davis DI, Brown MA, Zhao S, Liang J, Lei Z, Holloway B. Feeding Sheep Cobalt and Oregano Essential Oil Alone or in Combination on Ruminal Nutrient Digestibility, Fermentation, and Fiber Digestion Combined With Scanning Electron Microscopy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:639432. [PMID: 34195240 PMCID: PMC8236605 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.639432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The feeding of Co lactate (Co), an essential oil blend (EO; oregano), or a combination of Co and EO (EOC) may improve nutrient digestion of corn silage-based rations. In four separate studies, Co, EO, or EOC was fed at 0, 4, and 7 g/days to nine rumen fistulated rams arranged in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. The fourth study evaluated the carrier at 0, 4, and 7 g/day. In each ram, fresh ensiled corn silage, leaf, and husk were placed in individual nylon bags inserted through the ruminal cannula and removed after 48 h. Rams fed increasing carrier rates demonstrated similar (P > 0.10) nutrient digestibilities and ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid concentrations. Feeding Co at 4 and 7 g/day increased (P < 0.05) digestibility of DM (59.4, 63.9, and 62.4% for 0, 4, and 7 g/day, respectively), NDF (59.4, 63.9, and 62.4%), and hemicellulose (HC; 56.2, 63.6, and 65.9%) compared with rams fed 0 g/day, while CP digestibility (46.4, 49.9, and 57.8%) was improved (P < 0.05) in rams fed 7 g/day compared with those fed 0 and 4 g/day. Rams fed 4 g/day EO digested greater (P < 0.05) HC (64.1, 71.4, and 69.1%) than rams fed 0 g/day, while rams fed 7 g/day were intermediate and similar (P > 0.10). Rams fed the EOC combination at 4 and 7 g/day demonstrated greater (P < 0.05) digestibilities of DM (57.7, 60.0, and 60.0%), NDF (21.4, 28.8, and 27.7%), and ADF (24.3, 33.3, and 34.4%) than rams fed 0 g/day. The SEM and SM techniques visually demonstrated minor evidence of husk and leaf digestibility in rams across the three experiments when fed 0 g/day of Co, EO, or EOC; rams fed 4 g/day of Co, EO, or EOC exhibited varying visual signs of leaf digestion with some palisade tissue, spongy tissue, and whole vein structure remaining, while in rams fed 7 g/day, only the vein structure remained. Results demonstrated that feeding Co, EO, or EOC at 4 or 7 g/day enhanced ruminal nutrient digestion and fermentation parameters, which was visually confirmed via SEM and SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiao
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Animal Husbandry, Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - David P Casper
- Casper's Calf Ranch, LLC, Freeport, IL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Shengguo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaomin Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Rostami S, Hoff M, Brown MA, Hveem K, Videm V. Comparison of methods to construct a genetic risk score for prediction of rheumatoid arthritis in the population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Norway. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:1743-1751. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate selection methods among published single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with RA to construct predictive genetic risk scores (GRSs) in a population-based setting.
Methods
The Nord-Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study is a prospective cohort study among the whole adult population of northern Trøndelag, Norway. Participants in HUNT2 (1995–1997) and HUNT3 (2006–2008) were included (489 RA cases, 61 584 controls). The initial SNP selection from relevant genome-wide studies included 269 SNPs from 30 studies. Following different selection criteria, SNPs were weighted by published odds ratios. The sum of each person’s carriage of all weighted susceptibility variants was calculated for each GRS.
Results
The best-fitting risk score included 27 SNPs [weighted genetic risk score 27 (wGRS27)] and was identified using P-value selection criterion ≤5 × 10−8, the largest possible SNP selection without high linkage disequilibrium (r2 < 0.8), and lasso regression to select for positive coefficients. In a logistic regression model adjusted for gender, age and ever smoking, wGRS27 was associated with RA [odds ratio 1.86 (95% CI 1.71, 2.04) for each s.d. increase, P < 0.001]. The AUC was 0.76 (95% CI 0.74, 0.78). The positive and negative predictive values were 1.6% and 99.7%, respectively, and the positive predictive value was not improved in sensitivity analyses subselecting participants to illustrate settings with increased RA prevalences. Other schemes selected more SNPs but resulted in GRSs with lower predictive ability.
Conclusion
Constructing a wGRS based on a smaller selection of informative SNPs improved predictive ability. Even with a relatively high AUC, the low PPV illustrates that there was a large overlap in risk variants among RA patients and controls, precluding clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rostami
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M Hoff
- Department of Rheumatology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M A Brown
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - K Hveem
- KG Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - V Videm
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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11
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Liu H, Brown MA, Qiao S. Dietary Protein and Gut Microbiota Composition and Function. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2018; 20:145-154. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180514145437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael A. Brown
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Kumar SA, Brown MA. Spatio-Temporal Reasoning within a Neural Network framework for Intelligent Physical Systems. 2018 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI) 2018. [DOI: 10.1109/ssci.2018.8628748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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13
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Johnson SR, Leo PJ, McInerney-Leo AM, Anderson LK, Marshall M, McGown I, Newell F, Brown MA, Conwell LS, Harris M, Duncan EL. Whole-exome sequencing for mutation detection in pediatric disorders of insulin secretion: Maturity onset diabetes of the young and congenital hyperinsulinism. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:656-662. [PMID: 29417725 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the utility of whole-exome sequencing (WES) for mutation detection in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). MODY and CHI are the two commonest monogenic disorders of glucose-regulated insulin secretion in childhood, with 13 causative genes known for MODY and 10 causative genes identified for CHI. The large number of potential genes makes comprehensive screening using traditional methods expensive and time-consuming. METHODS Ten subjects with MODY and five with CHI with known mutations underwent WES using two different exome capture kits (Nimblegen SeqCap EZ Human v3.0 Exome Enrichment Kit, Nextera Rapid Capture Exome Kit). Analysis was blinded to previously identified mutations, and included assessment for large deletions. The target capture of five exome capture technologies was also analyzed using sequencing data from >2800 unrelated samples. RESULTS Four of five MODY mutations were identified using Nimblegen (including a large deletion in HNF1B). Although targeted, one mutation (in INS) had insufficient coverage for detection. Eleven of eleven mutations (six MODY, five CHI) were identified using Nextera Rapid (including the previously missed mutation). On reconciliation, all mutations concorded with previous data and no additional variants in MODY genes were detected. There were marked differences in the performance of the capture technologies. CONCLUSIONS WES can be useful for screening for MODY/CHI mutations, detecting both point mutations and large deletions. However, capture technologies require careful selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Johnson
- Department of Endocrinology, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - P J Leo
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - A M McInerney-Leo
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - L K Anderson
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - M Marshall
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - I McGown
- Department of Pathology, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - F Newell
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - M A Brown
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - L S Conwell
- Department of Endocrinology, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Harris
- Department of Endocrinology, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E L Duncan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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14
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Mangos JG, Pettit F, Preece R, Harris K, Brown MA. Repeatability of USCOM®-measured cardiac output in normotensive non-pregnant and pregnant women. Pregnancy Hypertens 2018; 12:71-74. [PMID: 29674203 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Mangos
- St. George Hospital Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, WR Pitney Building, Short Street, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - F Pettit
- St. George Hospital Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, WR Pitney Building, Short Street, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, St. George Hospital, Ground Floor, 50 Montgomery Street, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - R Preece
- Department of Renal Medicine, St. George Hospital, Ground Floor, 50 Montgomery Street, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - K Harris
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, UNSW Medicine, Level 1, AGSM Building, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - M A Brown
- St. George Hospital Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, WR Pitney Building, Short Street, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia; Department of Renal Medicine, St. George Hospital, Ground Floor, 50 Montgomery Street, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia.
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15
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McInerney-Leo AM, Wheeler L, Sturm RA, Tan JM, Harris JE, Anderson L, Jagirdar K, Brown MA, Leo PJ, Soyer HP, Duncan EL. Point mutation in p14 ARF -specific exon 1β of CDKN2A causing familial melanoma and astrocytoma. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:e263-e264. [PMID: 29278422 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M McInerney-Leo
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Wheeler
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - R A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J-M Tan
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J E Harris
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Anderson
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - K Jagirdar
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M A Brown
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - P J Leo
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - H P Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Dermatology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E L Duncan
- Translational Genomics Group, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) at Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
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16
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Han M, Song P, Huang C, Rezaei A, Farrar S, Brown MA, Ma X. Dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) improve weaned intestinal microbiota and mucosal barrier using a piglet model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80313-80326. [PMID: 27880936 PMCID: PMC5348322 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins have been suggested as an effective antibiotic alternative, however their mechanisms are still unknown. The present study investigated the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins on gut microbiota and mucosal barrier using a weaned piglet model in comparison with colistin. Piglets weaned at 28 day were randomly assigned to four groups treated with a control ration, or supplemented with 250 mg/kg proanthocyanidins, kitasamycin/colistin, or 250 mg/kg proanthocyanidins and half-dose antibiotics, respectively. On day 28, the gut chyme and tissue samples were collected to test intestinal microbiota and barrier function, respectively. Proanthocyanidins treated piglets had better growth performance and reduced diarrhea incidence (P < 0.05), accompanied with decreased intestinal permeability and improved mucosal morphology. Gene sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA revealed that dietary proanthocyanidins improved the microbial diversity in ileal and colonic digesta, and the most abundant OTUs belong to Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes spp.. Proanthocyanidins treatment decreased the abundance of Lactobacillaceae, and increased the abundance of Clostridiaceae in both ileal and colonic lumen, which suggests that proanthocyanidins treatment changed the bacterial composition and distribution. Administration of proanthocyanidins increased the concentration of propionic acid and butyric acid in the ileum and colon, which may activate the expression of GPR41. In addition, dietary proanthocyanidins improved the antioxidant indices in serum and intestinal mucosa, accompanied with increasing expression of barrier occludin. Our findings indicated that proanthocyanidins with half-dose colistin was equivalent to the antibiotic treatment and assisted weaned animals in resisting intestinal oxidative stress by increasing diversity and improving balance of gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peixia Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Arash Rezaei
- School of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Shabnam Farrar
- College of Dental Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove IL, USA
| | - Michael A Brown
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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17
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Brown MA, Bunch AW, Froome C, Gerling R, Hennessy S, Ellison J. Citrate Content of Bone as a Measure of Postmortem Interval: An External Validation Study. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:1479-1485. [PMID: 29278649 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The postmortem interval (PMI) of skeletal remains is a crucial piece of information that can help establish the time dimension in criminal cases. Unfortunately, the accurate and reliable determination of PMI from bone continues to evade forensic investigators despite concerted efforts over the past decades to develop suitable qualitative and quantitative methods. A relatively new PMI method based on the analysis of citrate content of bone was developed by Schwarcz et al. The main objective of our research was to determine whether this work could be externally validated. Thirty-one bone samples were obtained from the Forensic Anthropology Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and the Onondaga County Medical Examiner's Office. Results from analyzing samples with PMI greater than 2 years suggest that the hypothetical relationship between the citrate content of bone and PMI is much weaker than reported. It was also observed that the average absolute error between the PMI value estimated using the equation proposed by Schwarcz et al. and the actual ("true") PMI of the sample was negative indicating an underestimation in PMI. These findings are identical to those reported by Kanz et al. Despite these results this method may still serve as a technique to sort ancient from more recent skeletal cases, after further, similar validation studies have been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann W Bunch
- College at Brockport, SUNY, Brockport, NY, 14420
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18
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Dos Santos ES, Caputo SM, Castera L, Gendrot M, Briaux A, Breault M, Krieger S, Rogan PK, Mucaki EJ, Burke LJ, Bièche I, Houdayer C, Vaur D, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Brown MA, Lallemand F, Rouleau E. Assessment of the functional impact of germline BRCA1/2 variants located in non-coding regions in families with breast and/or ovarian cancer predisposition. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 168:311-325. [PMID: 29236234 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The molecular mechanism of breast and/or ovarian cancer susceptibility remains unclear in the majority of patients. While germline mutations in the regulatory non-coding regions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have been described, screening has generally been limited to coding regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of BRCA1/2 non-coding variants. METHODS Four BRCA1/2 non-coding regions were screened using high-resolution melting analysis/Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing on DNA extracted from index cases with breast and ovarian cancer predisposition (3926 for BRCA1 and 3910 for BRCA2). The impact of a set of variants on BRCA1/2 gene regulation was evaluated by site-directed mutagenesis, transfection, followed by Luciferase gene reporter assay. RESULTS We identified a total of 117 variants and tested twelve BRCA1 and 8 BRCA2 variants mapping to promoter and intronic regions. We highlighted two neighboring BRCA1 promoter variants (c.-130del; c.-125C > T) and one BRCA2 promoter variants (c.-296C > T) inhibiting significantly the promoter activity. In the functional assays, a regulating region within the intron 12 was found with the same enhancing impact as within the intron 2. Furthermore, the variants c.81-3980A > G and c.4186-2022C > T suppress the positive effect of the introns 2 and 12, respectively, on the BRCA1 promoter activity. We also found some variants inducing the promoter activities. CONCLUSION In this study, we highlighted some variants among many, modulating negatively the promoter activity of BRCA1 or 2 and thus having a potential impact on the risk of developing cancer. This selection makes it possible to conduct future validation studies on a limited number of variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Santana Dos Santos
- Department of Oncology, Center for Translational Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo - ICESP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S M Caputo
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - L Castera
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Génétique du Cancer, CLCC François Baclesse, INSERM 1079 Centre Normand de Génomique et de MédecinePersonnalisée, Caen, France
| | - M Gendrot
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - A Briaux
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - M Breault
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - S Krieger
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Génétique du Cancer, CLCC François Baclesse, INSERM 1079 Centre Normand de Génomique et de MédecinePersonnalisée, Caen, France
| | - P K Rogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - E J Mucaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - L J Burke
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - I Bièche
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - C Houdayer
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - D Vaur
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Génétique du Cancer, CLCC François Baclesse, INSERM 1079 Centre Normand de Génomique et de MédecinePersonnalisée, Caen, France
| | - D Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - M A Brown
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - F Lallemand
- Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the frequency with which the most accepted indicators for delivery in pre-eclampsia are used in a population with predominantly late-onset (birth > 32 weeks) pre-eclampsia (PE). METHODS Retrospective cohort study using the St George Public Hospital (SGH) Hypertension in Pregnancy database. Demographic, pregnancy, and outcome details were extracted and verified by comparison with data collection sheets. RESULTS From 2001 to 2013, 908 women (970 babies) with PE were included, of which a subgroup of 303 women (33%) had clearly delineated delivery triggers available. This subgroup of women had similar demographic and outcome characteristics to the total PE population. In this group, the most common maternal trigger for delivery apart from gestational age 37+ weeks was difficult to control/severe hypertension (114 cases, 38%) and the most common fetal trigger intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR: 14 cases, 4%). 78 (35%) of term women had no specific delivery trigger other than gestation. A primary maternal trigger and/or associated complication was slightly more common in those delivering <37 weeks vs 37+ weeks (52 vs 38%, p = .03), while a fetal or combined maternal/fetal complication was over four times more common in preterm women (25 vs 6%, p < .001). CONCLUSION In our population of predominantly late-onset PE, maternal triggers for delivery (predominantly severe hypertension) far outweigh fetal triggers (predominantly IUGR). Fetal and mixed indicators for delivery were relatively more common in women delivering preterm, possibly reflecting the severity of placental dysfunction in this subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Varnier
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.
| | - M A Brown
- Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - M Reynolds
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Pettit
- Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - G Davis
- Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - G Mangos
- Department of Renal Medicine, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - A Henry
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, Australia
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Munroe ME, Pezant N, Brown MA, Fife DA, Guthridge JM, Kelly JA, Wiley G, Gaffney PM, James JA, Montgomery CG. Association of IFIH1 and pro-inflammatory mediators: Potential new clues in SLE-associated pathogenesis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171193. [PMID: 28234905 PMCID: PMC5325200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral defenses are inappropriately activated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and association between SLE and the antiviral helicase gene, IFIH1, is well established. We sought to extend the previously reported association of pathogenic soluble mediators and autoantibodies with mouse Mda5 to its human ortholog, IFIH1. To better understand the role this gene plays in human lupus, we assessed association of IFIH1 variants with soluble mediators and autoantibodies in 357 European-American SLE patients, first-degree relatives, and unrelated, unaffected healthy controls. Association between each of 135 genotyped SNPs in IFIH1 and four lupus-associated plasma mediators, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-β, and IP-10, were investigated via linear regression. No significant associations were found to SNPs orthologous to those identified in exon 13 of the mouse. However, outside of this region there were significant associations between IL-6 and rs76162067 (p = 0.008), as well as IP-10 and rs79711023 (p = 0.003), located in a region of IFIH1 previously shown to directly influence MDA-5 mediated IP-10 and IL-6 secretion. SLE patients and FDRs carrying the minor allele for rs79711023 demonstrated lower levels of IP-10, while only FDRs carrying the minor allele for rs76162067 demonstrated an increased level of IL-6. This would suggest that the change in IP-10 is genotypically driven, while the change in IL-6 may be reflective of SLE transition status. These data suggest that IFIH1 may contribute to SLE pathogenesis via altered inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Munroe
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Nathan Pezant
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Brown
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Dustin A. Fife
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Joel M. Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Graham Wiley
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Judith A. James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
| | - Courtney G. Montgomery
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States of America
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Zhang L, Liu L, Li D, Li Q, Piao X, Thacker PA, Brown MA, Lai C. Effects of variety and storage duration on the nutrient digestibility and the digestible and metabolisable energy content of maize fed to growing pigs. Arch Anim Nutr 2016; 71:67-80. [PMID: 27611633 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2016.1226034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine the effects of variety and storage duration on the nutrient digestibility and the digestible (DE) and metabolisable (ME) energy content in maize when fed to growing pigs. Four maize varieties (LS1, LS2, LS3 and LS4) were hand-harvested from the same growing area in China in early October of 2012. The samples were sun dried to about 14% moisture content and then stored in the warehouse of the Fengning Pig Experiment Base at China Agricultural University for 0, 3 or 10 months. Twenty-four barrows of about 33 kg body weight were used and allotted to a completely randomised block design with four diets and six replicate pigs per diet. Pigs were individually housed in metabolic crates. The four experimental diets were formulated by mixing 96.8% of each variety of maize with 3.2% vitamins and minerals. A 5-day collection period followed a 7-day diet acclimation period. The results indicated that the DE and ME contents of maize and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter (OM), dry matter, gross energy (GE), neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre (ADF), crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by maize variety and storage duration. With an extension of storage duration from 0 to 10 months, the DE and ME of maize and the ATTD of OM, GE, ADF, CP and EE changed in a quadratic manner (p < 0.05), and 3 months of storage exceeded 0 months of storage by 1.84%, 1.43%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 15.37%, 2.11% and 5.02%, respectively. The DE, ME of maize and the ATTD of OM, GE, ADF, CP and EE decreased by 3.67%, 6.00%, 0.97%, 1.40%, 30.54%, 3.92% and 20.93%, respectively, at 10 months of storage compared to 3 months of storage. No interaction was observed between maize variety and storage duration in DE and ME contents in maize. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, most of the nutrient digestibility and the DE and ME contents of maize increased from 0 to 3 months and decreased from 3 to 10 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Ling Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Defa Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | | | - Xiangshu Piao
- a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Philip A Thacker
- c Department of Animal and Poultry Science , University of Saskachewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Michael A Brown
- d Department of Animal Science , Oklahoma State University , Stillwater , OK , USA
| | - Changhua Lai
- a State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
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Yue Y, Cheng X, Zhao SG, Liu Z, Liu LS, Zhou R, Wu JP, Brown MA. Effects of tail docking on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7323. [PMID: 27050972 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15017323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) expression in Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep (with and without docked tails), 18 rams were randomly divided into two equal groups (docked group, LT; control group, LC). These data were also used to increase the understanding of sheep fat deposition and metabolism. All animals were harvested at the age of 18 months, and expression was determined for 10 tissues. The results indicated that the fat weight of each tissue in LT was higher than in LC (P < 0.05). SCD expression in semitendinosus, omentum majus fat (OF), subcutaneous fat, kidney fat (KF), and subcutaneous rump fat was higher in LT than in LC rams (P < 0.05). Trends (P < 0.10) associated with higher HSL expression of LC in comparison to that of LT rams in intestinal fat, OF, and KF tissues were detected. Numerically, LPL expression was the highest in KF, OF, and kidney tissues, but there were few differences (P > 0.10). PPARγexpression was greater in LT than in LC rams in liver tissues (P < 0.05), but there were few differences in other tissues. No significant differences were found with regard to the regression analysis of expression and adipose tissue weights, but the two indices exhibited the same trend. The results indicated that changes in fatty deposits may be due to the common control of docking management and the minor effects associated with the regulation of SCD, HSL, LPL, and PPARγexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - X Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - S G Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Z Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - L S Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - R Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - J P Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - M A Brown
- B&B Research & Development, LLC, El Reno, OK, USA
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Bello GA, Brown MA, Kelly JA, Thanou A, James JA, Montgomery CG. Development and validation of a simple lupus severity index using ACR criteria for classification of SLE. Lupus Sci Med 2016; 3:e000136. [PMID: 27026812 PMCID: PMC4800735 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2015-000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective To develop a simple systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) severity index that requires knowledge of only American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and subcriteria. Methods This study used demographic, mortality and medical records data of 1915 patients with lupus from the Lupus Family Registry and Repository. The data were randomly split (2:1 ratio) into independent training and validation sets. A logistic regression with ridge penalty was used to model the probability of being prescribed major immunosuppressive drugs—a surrogate indicator of lupus severity. ACR criteria and subcriteria were used as predictor variables in this model, and the resulting regression coefficient estimates obtained from the training data were used as item weightings to construct the severity index. Results The resulting index was tested on the independent validation dataset and was found to have high predictive accuracy for immunosuppressive use and early mortality. The index was also found to be strongly correlated with a previously existing severity score for lupus. In addition, demographic factors known to influence lupus severity (eg, age of onset, gender and ethnicity) all showed robust associations with our severity index that were consistent with observed clinical trends. Conclusions This new index can be easily computed using ACR criteria, which may be among the most readily available data elements from patient medical records. This tool may be useful in lupus research, especially large dataset analyses to stratify patients by disease severity, an important prognostic indicator in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghalib A Bello
- Department of Preventive Medicine , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York , USA
| | - Michael A Brown
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | - Aikaterini Thanou
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Courtney G Montgomery
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma , USA
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Jordan I, Huppert M, Brown MA, van Bokhoven JA, Wörner HJ. Photoelectron spectrometer for attosecond spectroscopy of liquids and gases. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:123905. [PMID: 26724045 DOI: 10.1063/1.4938175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A new apparatus for attosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of liquids and gases is described. It combines a liquid microjet source with a magnetic-bottle photoelectron spectrometer and an actively stabilized attosecond beamline. The photoelectron spectrometer permits venting and pumping of the interaction chamber without affecting the low pressure in the flight tube. This pressure separation has been realized through a sliding skimmer plate, which effectively seals the flight tube in its closed position and functions as a differential pumping stage in its open position. A high-harmonic photon spectrometer, attached to the photoelectron spectrometer, exit port is used to acquire photon spectra for calibration purposes. Attosecond pulse trains have been used to record photoelectron spectra of noble gases, water in the gas and liquid states as well as solvated species. RABBIT scans demonstrate the attosecond resolution of this setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jordan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Huppert
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M A Brown
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J A van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H J Wörner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Robinson PC, Leo PJ, Pointon JJ, Harris J, Cremin K, Bradbury LA, Stebbings S, Harrison AA, Evans DM, Duncan EL, Wordsworth BP, Brown MA. The genetic associations of acute anterior uveitis and their overlap with the genetics of ankylosing spondylitis. Genes Immun 2015; 17:46-51. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Turner KE, Cassida KA, Zerby HN, Brown MA. Carcass parameters and meat quality in meat-goat kids finished on chicory, birdsfoot trefoil, or red clover pastures. Meat Sci 2015; 105:68-74. [PMID: 25817803 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted during the 2009 and 2010 grazing seasons to assess carcass parameters and chevon (goat meat) quality when meat-goat kids (n=72) were finished on pastures of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.; RCL), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.; BFT), or chicory (Cichorium intybus L.; CHIC). Final live weight (P<0.05) and carcass weight (P=0.10) were greater when goats were finished on RCL compared to CHIC with BFT being intermediate. Ribeye area, backfat thickness, body wall thickness, internal fat score, and leg score were not different (P>0.10) among treatments when adjusted for the covariate of carcass weight. Finishing meat-goat kids on RCL, BFT, or CHIC impacted concentrations of fatty acids (FAs) 18:1 trans-10, 18:1 cis-11, 18:2, 18:3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), omega-6, omega-3, and PUFA:saturated fatty acid ratio in longissimus lumborum samples. Finishing meat-goat kids on CHIC, RCL, or BFT pastures produced carcass weights acceptable for most ethnic markets in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Turner
- USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK 73036, USA.
| | - K A Cassida
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - H N Zerby
- Meat Science, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M A Brown
- USDA, ARS, Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK 73036, USA
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Zhang SG, Liu T, Brown MA, Wu JP. Comparison of longissimus dorsi Fatty Acids Profiles in Gansu Black Yak and Chinese Yellow Cattle Steers and Heifers. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2015; 35:286-92. [PMID: 26761841 PMCID: PMC4662350 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2015.35.3.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) composition of longissimus dorsi intramuscular fat in Black Yak and Chinese Yellow Cattle were evaluated in 44 Black Yak and 41 Chinese Yellow Cattle of both genders. Interactions of species with gender were observed for total saturated fatty acid (SFA), unsaturated fatty acid (UFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA concentrations, as well as PUFA/SFA ratio in the longissimus dorsi (p<0.05). The SFA percentage was greater in yellow cattle than yak in both genders but the species difference in heifers was greater than in steers (p<0.05). Yak had greater UFA, MUFA and PUFA percentages than yellow cattle in both steers and heifers (p<0.05) but the difference between yak and yellow cattle heifers was greater than yak and yellow cattle steers. The percentages of inolenic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid; and PUFA/SFA were greater in yak than yellow cattle in both steers and heifers (p<0.05). In addition, the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA in yak was lesser than in yellow cattle (p<0.05). These results indicated that FA composition generally differed between yak and yellow cattle but the differences were not the same in heifers as compared to steers. Results also suggested that species differences in FA composition tended to favor Black Yak over Chinese Yellow Cattle, indicating that the longissimus dorsi of Black Yak may have a higher nutritive value than that of Chinese Yellow Cattle and potential for development as a desirable natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu, PRC 730070
| | - T Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu, PRC 730070
| | - M A Brown
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu, PRC 730070; B&B Research & Development, LLC, 16835 SW 27th St., El Reno, OK, USA 73036
| | - J P Wu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu, PRC 730070
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Liu T, Mays AR, Turner KE, Wu JP, Brown MA. Relationships of milk yield and quality from six breed groups of beef cows to preweaning average daily gain of their calves. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:1859-64. [PMID: 26020207 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk yield and quality influence calf preweaning growth and ultimately the sale value of the calf at weaning. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships of milk production and quality of beef cows to calf preweaning ADG in beef cows sired by Bonsmara, Brangus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, and Romosinuano and from Brangus dams to determine whether the relationships were homogeneous across cow breed group. Approximately 50 cows/yr were milked monthly for 6 mo in each of the 7 yr of this study. Milk traits were included in models as linear and quadratic covariates along with interactions of the covariates with sire breed. Tests for curvilinearity and homogeneity of regression coefficients indicated the relationship of calf preweaning ADG to milk yield and quality was quadratic and homogeneous across Charolais and Gelbvieh; linear and homogeneous across Bonsmara, Brangus, and Romosinuano; and linear and different from other sire breeds in Herefords (P < 0.05). Exceptions to this were in the regression of calf preweaning ADG on the natural logarithm of somatic cell count (SCC) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN). The relationship of calf preweaning ADG to SCC was quadratic in Brangus (P < 0.05) and linear in Gelbvieh (P < 0.05) with little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship in Bonsmara, Charolais, Hereford, or Romosinuano. There was little evidence (P > 0.05) of a relationship of calf preweaning ADG to MUN in any of the sire breed groups. Results from this study confirmed the importance of the influence of milk yield and quality on calf preweaning growth but indicated this influence can depend on the breed composition of the cow. Furthermore, results suggest that breed origin or adaptation may have influenced the relationships of calf preweaning ADG to cow milk yield and quality.
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Brown MA, Thompson HM, Bew MH. Risks to UK beekeeping from the parasitic miteTropilaelaps clareaeand the small hive beetle,Aethina tumida. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/0005772x.2002.11099558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gao F, Yang F, Zhou H, Sun Q, Zhang Y, Brown MA. Evaluation of processing technology for Triarrhena sacchariflora (Maxim.) Nakai for ethanol production. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114399. [PMID: 25490204 PMCID: PMC4260830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dilute H2SO4 concentration, forage:sulfuric acid ratio, digestion time, and digestion temperature were evaluated to determine effects on ethanol yield of Triarrhena sacchariflora (Maxim.) Nakai. Twenty single factor experiments were conducted to evaluate H2SO4 concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5%, w/w), forage:sulfuric acid ratio (1∶6, 1∶8, 1∶10, 1∶12, and 1∶14, g/ml), digestion time (15, 30, 45, 60, and 90, min), digestion temperature (80, 100, 110, 120, and 125 °C) for 3 replicates of the 5 levels of each factor. Based on results of the single factor experiments, an incomplete factorial was designed to evaluate ethanol yield from the best combinations of single factors. Finally, the best combination was tested by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation experiment in selected combinations according to pretreatment results. Percentage cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of forage residue after pretreatment, and glucose and xylose concentrations of the filtrate were analyzed prior to enzymatic hydrolysis, and percentage crystallinity was observed in untreated grass and pretreated residue. In addition, the solid residues were then hydrolysed and fermented by cellulase and yeast, the concentrations of glucose and ethanol being monitored for 96 h. Results showed that the order of the effect of main effect factors was as follows: digestion temperature > dilute H2SO4 concentration > digestion time > forage:sulfuric acid ratio. The best process parameters evaluated were sulfuric acid concentration of 1.5%, forage:sulfuric acid ratio of 1∶6, digestion time of 15 min, and digestion temperature of 120°C. With this combination of factors, 80% of the cellulose was hydrolysed in 96 h, and 78% converted to ethanol. The findings identified that hemicelluloses were the key deconstruction barrier for pretreatment of Triarrhena sacchariflora (Maxim.) Nakai for ethanol production. The results of this research provide evidence of appropriate combinations of processing factors for production of ethanol from Triarrhena sacchariflora (Maxim.) Nakai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Gao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, PR China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - He Zhou
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qizhong Sun
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, PR China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Michael A. Brown
- B&B Research & Development, 16835 SW 27th St., El Reno, OK 73036, United States of America
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Kenna TJ, Lau MC, Keith P, Ciccia F, Costello ME, Bradbury L, Low PL, Agrawal N, Triolo G, Alessandro R, Robinson PC, Thomas GP, Brown MA. Disease-associated polymorphisms in ERAP1 do not alter endoplasmic reticulum stress in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Genes Immun 2014; 16:35-42. [PMID: 25354578 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) contributes to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) remains unclear. Genetic studies demonstrate that association with and interaction between polymorphisms of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) and HLA-B27 influence the risk of AS. It has been hypothesised that ERAP1-mediated HLA-B27 misfolding increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, driving an interleukin (IL) 23-dependent, pro-inflammatory immune response. We tested the hypothesis that AS-risk ERAP1 variants increase ER-stress and concomitant pro-inflammatory cytokine production in HLA-B27(+) but not HLA-B27(-) AS patients or controls. Forty-nine AS cases and 22 healthy controls were grouped according to HLA-B27 status and AS-associated ERAP1 rs30187 genotypes: HLA-B27(+)ERAP1(risk), HLA-B27(+)ERAP1(protective), HLA-B27(-)ERAP1(risk) and HLA-B27(-)ERAP1(protective). Expression levels of ER-stress markers GRP78 (8 kDa glucose-regulated protein), CHOP (C/EBP-homologous protein) and inflammatory cytokines were determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cell and ileal biopsies. We found no differences in ER-stress gene expression between HLA-B27(+) and HLA-B27(-) cases or healthy controls, or between cases or controls stratified by carriage of ERAP1 risk or protective alleles in the presence or absence of HLA-B27. No differences were observed between expression of IL17A or TNF (tumour necrosis factor) in HLA-B27(+)ERAP1(risk), HLA-B27(+)ERAP1(protective) and HLA-B27(-)ERAP1(protective) cases. These data demonstrate that aberrant ERAP1 activity and HLA-B27 carriage does not alter ER-stress levels in AS, suggesting that ERAP1 and HLA-B27 may influence disease susceptibility through other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Kenna
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M C Lau
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P Keith
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - F Ciccia
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M-E Costello
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Bradbury
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P-L Low
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - N Agrawal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Triolo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - R Alessandro
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - P C Robinson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G P Thomas
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M A Brown
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Karaderi T, Keidel SM, Pointon JJ, Appleton LH, Brown MA, Evans DM, Wordsworth BP. Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with the anthrax toxin receptor 2 gene (ANTXR2). Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73:2054-8. [PMID: 25169729 PMCID: PMC4215346 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ANTXR2 variants have been associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in two previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (p∼9×10(-8)). However, a genome-wide significant association (p<5×10(-8)) was not observed. We conducted a more comprehensive analysis of ANTXR2 in an independent UK sample to confirm and refine this association. METHODS A replication study was carried out with 2978 cases and 8365 controls. Then, these were combined with non-overlapping samples from the two previous GWAS in a meta-analysis. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 stratification was also performed to test for ANTXR2-HLA-B27 interaction. RESULTS Out of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the study, five SNPs were nominally associated (p<0.05) with AS in the replication dataset. In the meta-analysis, eight SNPs showed evidence of association, the strongest being with rs12504282 (OR=0.88, p=6.7×10(-9)). Seven of these SNPs showed evidence for association in the HLA-B27-positive subgroup, but none was associated with HLA-B27-negative AS. However, no statistically significant interaction was detected between HLA-B27 and ANTXR2 variants. CONCLUSIONS ANTXR2 variants are clearly associated with AS. The top SNPs from two previous GWAS (rs4333130 and rs4389526) and this study (rs12504282) are in strong linkage disequilibrium (r(2)≥0.76). All are located near a putative regulatory region. Further studies are required to clarify the role played by these ANTXR2 variants in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karaderi
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S M Keidel
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J J Pointon
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L H Appleton
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M A Brown
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - B P Wordsworth
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK National Institute for Health Research Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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McInerney-Leo AM, Duncan EL, Leo PJ, Gardiner B, Bradbury LA, Harris JE, Clark GR, Brown MA, Zankl A. COL1A1 C-propeptide cleavage site mutation causes high bone mass, bone fragility and jaw lesions: a new cause of gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia? Clin Genet 2014; 88:49-55. [PMID: 24891183 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD) is a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by bone fragility, irregular bone mineral density (BMD) and fibro-osseous lesions in the skull and jaw. Mutations in Anoctamin-5 (ANO5) have been identified in some cases. We aimed to identify the causative mutation in a family with features of GDD but no mutation in ANO5, using whole exome capture and massive parallel sequencing (WES). WES of two affected individuals (a mother and son) and the mother's unaffected parents identified a mutation in the C-propeptide cleavage site of COL1A1. Similar mutations have been reported in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and paradoxically increased BMD. C-propeptide cleavage site mutations in COL1A1 may not only cause 'high bone mass OI', but also the clinical features of GDD, specifically irregular sclerotic BMD and fibro-osseous lesions in the skull and jaw. GDD patients negative for ANO5 mutations should be assessed for mutations in type I collagen C-propeptide cleavage sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M McInerney-Leo
- Human Genetics Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - E L Duncan
- Human Genetics Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - P J Leo
- Human Genetics Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - B Gardiner
- Human Genetics Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - L A Bradbury
- Human Genetics Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - J E Harris
- Human Genetics Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - G R Clark
- Human Genetics Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Department of Medical Genetics, Academic Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - M A Brown
- Human Genetics Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - A Zankl
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Academic Department of Medical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital Network (Westmead), Sydney, Australia
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Cortes A, Maksymowych WP, Wordsworth BP, Inman RD, Danoy P, Rahman P, Stone MA, Corr M, Gensler LS, Gladman D, Morgan A, Marzo-Ortega H, Ward MM, Learch TJ, Reveille JD, Brown MA, Weisman MH. Association study of genes related to bone formation and resorption and the extent of radiographic change in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:1387-93. [PMID: 24651623 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify genetic associations with severity of radiographic damage in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHOD We studied 1537 AS cases of European descent; all fulfilled the modified New York Criteria. Radiographic severity was assessed from digitised lateral radiographs of the cervical and lumbar spine using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS). A two-phase genotyping design was used. In phase 1, 498 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 688 cases; these were selected to capture >90% of the common haplotypic variation in the exons, exon-intron boundaries, and 5 kb flanking DNA in the 5' and 3' UTR of 74 genes involved in anabolic or catabolic bone pathways. In phase 2, 15 SNPs exhibiting p<0.05 were genotyped in a further cohort of 830 AS cases; results were analysed both separately and in combination with the discovery phase data. Association was tested by contingency tables after separating the samples into 'mild' and 'severe' groups, defined as the bottom and top 40% by mSASSS, adjusted for gender and disease duration. RESULTS Experiment-wise association was observed with the SNP rs8092336 (combined OR 0.32, p=1.2×10(-5)), which lies within RANK (receptor activator of NFκB), a gene involved in osteoclastogenesis, and in the interaction between T cells and dendritic cells. Association was also found with the SNP rs1236913 in PTGS1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1, cyclooxygenase 1), giving an OR of 0.53 (p=2.6×10(-3)). There was no observed association between radiographic severity and HLA-B*27. CONCLUSIONS These findings support roles for bone resorption and prostaglandins pathways in the osteoproliferative changes in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cortes
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - W P Maksymowych
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - B P Wordsworth
- NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - R D Inman
- Division of Rheumatology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - P Danoy
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P Rahman
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - M A Stone
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - M Corr
- School of Medicine, University of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lianne S Gensler
- Department of Medicine (Division of Rheumatology), University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - D Gladman
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Canada Psoriatic Arthritis Program, University Health Network
| | - A Morgan
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - H Marzo-Ortega
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M M Ward
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - T J Learch
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - J D Reveille
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - M A Brown
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M H Weisman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Brown MA, Clarkson BD, Barton BJ, Joshi C. Implementing ecological compensation in New Zealand: stakeholder perspectives and a way forward. J R Soc N Z 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2013.860377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pin S, Huthwelker T, Brown MA, Vogel F. Combined sulfur K-edge XANES-EXAFS study of the effect of protonation on the sulfate tetrahedron in solids and solutions. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8368-76. [PMID: 23924171 DOI: 10.1021/jp404272e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been used to distinguish between aqueous and solid sulfates and to investigate changes in their speciation. Data have been collected for tetrahedrally coordinated S in K2SO4 and KHSO4 solids and aqueous solutions. With a first qualitative analysis of the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra, it has been observed that those for solids are much more structured and distinguishable from those of aqueous solutions. The protonation state has a strong effect on the white line of sulfates and has been assigned to the different charge delocalization in the samples, the effect of the solvating water molecules and multiple scattering effects. In the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra, the backscattering from the first O shell dominated the EXAFS fine structure function, χ(k), but the nonlinear multiple scattering contributions occurring in the first coordination shell are significant and must be considered in the EXAFS analysis. The intensity of these contributions strongly depend on the symmetry of the system. For a distorted tetrahedron, the intensity of the multiple scattering contributions is less than that found in a regular tetrahedron. The FEFF code has been used to model the contributions of the multiple-scattering processes. The observed experimental evidence in the XAS data can be used to distinguish between sulfates in solids and liquids. This is applicable to many chemical, geochemical, and biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pin
- Paul Scherrer Institut, General Energy Research, Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
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Liu T, Lei ZM, Wu JP, Brown MA. Fatty acid composition differences between adipose depot sites in dairy and beef steer breeds. J Food Sci Technol 2013; 52:1656-62. [PMID: 25745237 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to compare fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi (LD) and kidney fat (KF) in Holstein steers (HS), Simmental steers (SS) and Chinese LongDong Yellow Cattle steers (CLD). All steers received the same nutrition and management but in different locations. Cattle were harvested at approximately 550 kg and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi and kidney fat was analyzed in samples taken after 3 days of aging. There was evidence (P < 0.05) that C18:3n6 was greater in KF than LD in CLD cattle but not in HS or SS cattle. Percentage C18:1n9, C18:2n6, C18:3n3, and n6 fatty acids were greater in LD than KF for all breeds (P < 0.05), but the difference between fat sources for n6 in CLD cattle was smaller than the other two breeds. The LD had greater percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and a greater ratio of n6:n3 PUFAs compared to the KF in each breed (P < 0.05). The △(9)-desaturase catalytic activity index was greater in LD than in KF in each breed group (P < 0.05). Percentage cis-9, trans-11 CLA was greater in KF than LD in HS (P < 0.05) but not SS or CLD cattle. These results indicate fatty acid percentages generally differed between longissimus dorsi fat and kidney fat. Further, there was some indication that some of these differences between fatty acid deposition sites were not consistent across breed group.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu People's Republic of China 730070
| | - Z M Lei
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu People's Republic of China 730070
| | - J P Wu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu People's Republic of China 730070
| | - M A Brown
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village Anning, Lanzhou, Gansu People's Republic of China 730070 ; B&B Research & Development, LLC, 16835 SW 27th St., El Reno, OK 73036 USA
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Remacle AG, Shiryaev SA, Golubkov VS, Freskos JN, Brown MA, Karwa AS, Naik AD, Howard CP, Sympson CJ, Strongin AY. Non-destructive and selective imaging of the functionally active, pro-invasive membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) enzyme in cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:20568-80. [PMID: 23733191 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.471508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic activity of cell surface-associated MT1-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) (MMP-14) is directly related to cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. MT1-MMP is regulated as a proteinase by activation and conversion of the latent proenzyme into the active enzyme, and also via inhibition by tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) and self-proteolysis. MT1-MMP is also regulated as a membrane protein through its internalization and recycling. Routine immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, reverse transcription-PCR, and immunoblotting methodologies do not allow quantitative imaging and assessment of the cell-surface levels of the active, TIMP-free MT1-MMP enzyme. Here, we developed a fluorescent reporter prototype that targets the cellular active MT1-MMP enzyme alone. The reporter (MP-3653) represents a liposome tagged with a fluorochrome and functionalized with a PEG chain spacer linked to an inhibitory hydroxamate warhead. Our studies using the MP-3653 reporter and its inactive derivative demonstrated that MP-3653 can be efficiently used not only to visualize the trafficking of MT1-MMP through the cell compartment, but also to quantify the femtomolar range amounts of the cell surface-associated active MT1-MMP enzyme in multiple cancer cell types, including breast carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, and melanoma. Thus, the levels of the naturally expressed, fully functional, active cellular MT1-MMP enzyme are roughly equal to 1 × 10(5) molecules/cell, whereas these levels are in a 1 × 10(6) range in the cells with the enforced MT1-MMP expression. We suggest that the reporter we developed will contribute to the laboratory studies of MT1-MMP and then, ultimately, to the design of novel, more efficient prognostic approaches and personalized cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert G Remacle
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Chia NL, Bryce M, Hickman PE, Potter JM, Glasgow N, Koerbin G, Danoy P, Brown MA, Cavanaugh J. High-resolution SNP microarray investigation of copy number variations on chromosome 18 in a control cohort. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 141:16-25. [PMID: 23635498 DOI: 10.1159/000350767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) as described in the healthy population are purported to contribute significantly to genetic heterogeneity. Recent studies have described CNVs using lymphoblastoid cell lines or by application of specifically developed algorithms to interrogate previously described data. However, the full extent of CNVs remains unclear. Using high-density SNP array, we have undertaken a comprehensive investigation of chromosome 18 for CNV discovery and characterisation of distribution and association with chromosome architecture. We identified 399 CNVs, of which loss represents 98%, 58% are less than 2.5 kb in size and 71% are intergenic. Intronic deletions account for the majority of copy number changes with gene involvement. Furthermore, one-third of CNVs do not have putative breakpoints within repetitive sequences. We conclude that replicative processes, mediated either by repetitive elements or microhomology, account for the majority of CNVs in the healthy population. Genomic instability involving the formation of a non-B structure is demonstrated in one region.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Chia
- ANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia.
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Plante MJ, Li X, Scully G, Brown MA, Busconi BD, DeAngelis NA. Evaluation of sterilization methods following contamination of hamstring autograft during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013; 21:696-701. [PMID: 22584912 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-012-2049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inadvertent contamination of the hamstring autograft during ACL reconstruction is infrequent, but can result in significant complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate bacterial contamination of hamstring autografts dropped onto the operating room floor and methods of graft decontamination. METHODS Hamstring tendons were harvested from patients. Excess tendon not used in the ACL procedure was divided into 6 segments. Segments were assigned to 6 groups (A through F, N = 30 in each group): group A: uncontaminated graft immediately postharvest (control), group B: graft dropped onto the floor (5 s), group C: graft dropped onto the floor (15 s). grafts in groups D to F were dropped onto floor for 15 s then rinsed with saline (group D), bacitracin solution (group E) or chlorhexidine 4 % solution (group F) for 3 min. All grafts were sent to the microbiology laboratory for anaerobic and aerobic cultures. RESULTS Cultures were positive in 23 % of graft segments from group A (7/30), 33 % of grafts from group B (10/30), 23 % from group C (7/30), 30 % from group D (9/30) and 3 % from both group E (1/30) and group F (1/30). Sixteen unique organisms were identified, with Staphylococcus aureus as the most common isolate. Grafts rinsed in either bacitracin solution or 4 % chlorhexidine solutions were significantly less likely to be culture positive when compared to control graft segments (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between uncontaminated grafts retrieved in <5 versus 15 s from the floor. CONCLUSION This study supports the practice of decontaminating a dropped ACL hamstring autograft using either 4 % chlorhexidine or bacitracin solution. Specimens should be retrieved sterilely and washed for at least 3 min. This study also demonstrates no advantage in retrieval time of less than 5 s as compared to 15 s for uncontaminated graft. Hamstring harvest in ACL reconstruction may result in positive cultures, thus routine soaking of the hamstring autograft in either bacitracin or 4 % chlorhexidine solution is recommended. In addition, dropped hamstring autograft can be effectively sterilized with bacitracin or 4 % chlorhexidine solution. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Plante
- Division of Sports Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, USA
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Foo JY, Mangos GJ, Brown MA. Characteristics of hypertensive disorders in twin versus singleton pregnancies. Pregnancy Hypertens 2012; 3:3-9. [PMID: 26105734 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the characteristics of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in twin compared with singleton pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN Analysis of a prospectively recorded database of 4976 hypertensive pregnancies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparison of progression to pre-eclampsia and maternal and neonatal outcomes. RESULTS There were 3942 singleton and 214 twin pregnancies. De novo hypertension in twin pregnancy was diagnosed earlier (p<0.001). In singleton pregnancies with de novo hypertension (n=3161), 60% had an initial diagnosis of gestational hypertension (GH) and 40% had pre-eclampsia (PE). In twin pregnancies with de novo hypertension (n=199), 35% of women were initially diagnosed with GH and 65% with PE (p<0.001). At delivery, 46% of the singletons had GH and 54% had PE, compared with twin pregnancies where 23% had GH and 77 % had PE (p<0.001). The progression from GH to PE for twins was twice that of singleton pregnancies (p<0.001). There were 781 singleton and 15 twin pregnancies with chronic hypertension (CH). Twin pregnancies complicated by CH were more likely to progress to PE than singletons (p<0.01). The gestation at delivery was earlier for twin pregnancies (p<0.001) and there were more twins that were smaller for gestational age (p<0.001). There were no differences in maternal outcomes. CONCLUSION Women carrying twins with de novo hypertension are more likely to present earlier, have initial PE and to subsequently progress from GH to PE. Neonatal outcomes are worse in such pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Foo
- Department of Women and Children's Health, St. George Hospital, Gray St., Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia.
| | - G J Mangos
- Department of Renal Medicine and Obstetric Medicine, St. George Hospital and University of New South Wales, Gray St., Kogarah, NSW, Australia.
| | - M A Brown
- Department of Renal Medicine and Obstetric Medicine, St. George Hospital and University of New South Wales, Gray St., Kogarah, NSW, Australia.
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Ball SJ, Brown MA, Snow KR. A new species of Isospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the greenfinch Carduelis chloris (Passeriformes: Fringillidae). Parasitol Res 2012; 111:1463-6. [PMID: 22706904 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A new species of isosporan (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is reported from the greenfinch, Carduelis chloris (Passeriformes: Fringillidae), in England. Oocysts of Isospora daszaki n.sp. are spherical to subspherical, 18.8 × 20.3 (16.8-22.4 × 16.8-25.2) μm, with a shape index (length/width) of 1.08 (1.07-1.1). Micropyle, polar granules and oocyst residuum are absent. Sporocysts are 9.4 × 14.8 (8.4-11.2 × 12.6-18.2) μm, a shape index of 1.6, with Stieda and substieda bodies. Gamogony was seen in the ileum, and merozoites were present in blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Ball
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
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Wan YI, Shrine NRG, Soler Artigas M, Wain LV, Blakey JD, Moffatt MF, Bush A, Chung KF, Cookson WOCM, Strachan DP, Heaney L, Al-Momani BAH, Mansur AH, Manney S, Thomson NC, Chaudhuri R, Brightling CE, Bafadhel M, Singapuri A, Niven R, Simpson A, Holloway JW, Howarth PH, Hui J, Musk AW, James AL, Brown MA, Baltic S, Ferreira MAR, Thompson PJ, Tobin MD, Sayers I, Hall IP. Genome-wide association study to identify genetic determinants of severe asthma. Thorax 2012; 67:762-8. [PMID: 22561531 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic basis for developing asthma has been extensively studied. However, association studies to date have mostly focused on mild to moderate disease and genetic risk factors for severe asthma remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify common genetic variants affecting susceptibility to severe asthma. METHODS A genome-wide association study was undertaken in 933 European ancestry individuals with severe asthma based on Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria 3 or above and 3346 clean controls. After standard quality control measures, the association of 480 889 genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was tested. To improve the resolution of the association signals identified, non-genotyped SNPs were imputed in these regions using a dense reference panel of SNP genotypes from the 1000 Genomes Project. Then replication of SNPs of interest was undertaken in a further 231 cases and 1345 controls and a meta-analysis was performed to combine the results across studies. RESULTS An association was confirmed in subjects with severe asthma of loci previously identified for association with mild to moderate asthma. The strongest evidence was seen for the ORMDL3/GSDMB locus on chromosome 17q12-21 (rs4794820, p=1.03×10((-8)) following meta-analysis) meeting genome-wide significance. Strong evidence was also found for the IL1RL1/IL18R1 locus on 2q12 (rs9807989, p=5.59×10((-8)) following meta-analysis) just below this threshold. No novel loci for susceptibility to severe asthma met strict criteria for genome-wide significance. CONCLUSIONS The largest genome-wide association study of severe asthma to date was carried out and strong evidence found for the association of two previously identified asthma susceptibility loci in patients with severe disease. A number of novel regions with suggestive evidence were also identified warranting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y I Wan
- Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Hawkins TLA, Roberts JM, Mangos GJ, Davis GK, Roberts LM, Brown MA. Plasma uric acid remains a marker of poor outcome in hypertensive pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2012. [PMID: 22251368 DOI: 10.1111/jm471-0528.2011.03232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between hyperuricaemia, haemoconcentration and maternal and fetal outcomes in hypertensive pregnancies. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a database of hypertensive pregnancies. SETTING St George Hospital, a major obstetric unit in Australia. POPULATION A cohort of 1880 pregnant women without underlying hypertension or renal disease, referred for management of pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension. METHODS Demographic, clinical and biochemical data at time of referral and delivery were collected for each pregnancy. Women were grouped according to diagnosis (pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension) and logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between uric acid, haemoglobin, haematocrit and adverse outcomes; an α level of P < 0.01 was used for statistical significance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Composites of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. RESULTS In women with 'benign' GH (without proteinuria or any other maternal clinical feature of pre-eclampsia) gestation-corrected hyperuricaemia was associated with increased risk of a small-for-gestational-age infant (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.3-4.8) and prematurity (OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.4-7.2), but not with adverse maternal outcome. In the whole cohort of hypertensive pregnant women (those with pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension) the risk of adverse maternal outcome (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.6-2.4) and adverse fetal outcome (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.5-2.1) increased with increasing concentration of uric acid. Hyperuricaemia corrected for gestation provided additional strength to these associations. Haemoglobin and haematocrit were not associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. CONCLUSIONS Hyperuricaemia in hypertensive pregnancy remains an important finding because it identifies women at increased risk of adverse maternal and particularly fetal outcome; the latter, even in women with gestational hypertension without any other feature of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L-A Hawkins
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Gregson CL, Steel SA, O'Rourke KP, Allan K, Ayuk J, Bhalla A, Clunie G, Crabtree N, Fogelman I, Goodby A, Langman CM, Linton S, Marriott E, McCloskey E, Moss KE, Palferman T, Panthakalam S, Poole KES, Stone MD, Turton J, Wallis D, Warburton S, Wass J, Duncan EL, Brown MA, Davey-Smith G, Tobias JH. 'Sink or swim': an evaluation of the clinical characteristics of individuals with high bone mass. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:643-54. [PMID: 21455762 PMCID: PMC3261396 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY High bone mineral density on routine dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may indicate an underlying skeletal dysplasia. Two hundred fifty-eight individuals with unexplained high bone mass (HBM), 236 relatives (41% with HBM) and 58 spouses were studied. Cases could not float, had mandible enlargement, extra bone, broad frames, larger shoe sizes and increased body mass index (BMI). HBM cases may harbour an underlying genetic disorder. INTRODUCTION High bone mineral density is a sporadic incidental finding on routine DXA scanning of apparently asymptomatic individuals. Such individuals may have an underlying skeletal dysplasia, as seen in LRP5 mutations. We aimed to characterize unexplained HBM and determine the potential for an underlying skeletal dysplasia. METHODS Two hundred fifty-eight individuals with unexplained HBM (defined as L1 Z-score ≥ +3.2 plus total hip Z-score ≥ +1.2, or total hip Z-score ≥ +3.2) were recruited from 15 UK centres, by screening 335,115 DXA scans. Unexplained HBM affected 0.181% of DXA scans. Next 236 relatives were recruited of whom 94 (41%) had HBM (defined as L1 Z-score + total hip Z-score ≥ +3.2). Fifty-eight spouses were also recruited together with the unaffected relatives as controls. Phenotypes of cases and controls, obtained from clinical assessment, were compared using random-effects linear and logistic regression models, clustered by family, adjusted for confounders, including age and sex. RESULTS Individuals with unexplained HBM had an excess of sinking when swimming (7.11 [3.65, 13.84], p < 0.001; adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval shown), mandible enlargement (4.16 [2.34, 7.39], p < 0.001), extra bone at tendon/ligament insertions (2.07 [1.13, 3.78], p = 0.018) and broad frame (3.55 [2.12, 5.95], p < 0.001). HBM cases also had a larger shoe size (mean difference 0.4 [0.1, 0.7] UK sizes, p = 0.009) and increased BMI (mean difference 2.2 [1.3, 3.1] kg/m(2), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Individuals with unexplained HBM have an excess of clinical characteristics associated with skeletal dysplasia and their relatives are commonly affected, suggesting many may harbour an underlying genetic disorder affecting bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Hawkins TLA, Roberts JM, Mangos GJ, Davis GK, Roberts LM, Brown MA. Plasma uric acid remains a marker of poor outcome in hypertensive pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG 2012; 119:484-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Karaderi T, Pointon JJ, Wordsworth TWH, Harvey D, Appleton LH, Cohen CJ, Farrar C, Harin A, Brown MA, Wordsworth BP. Evidence of genetic association between TNFRSF1A encoding the p55 tumour necrosis factor receptor, and ankylosing spondylitis in UK Caucasians. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2012; 30:110-113. [PMID: 22272576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To replicate the possible genetic association between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and TNFRSF1A. METHODS TNFRSF1A was re-sequenced in 48 individuals with AS to identify novel polymorphisms. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNFRSF1A and 5 SNPs in the neighbouring gene SCNN1A were genotyped in 1604 UK Caucasian individuals with AS and 1019 matched controls. An extended study was implemented using additional genotype data on 8 of these SNPs from 1400 historical controls from the 1958 British Birth Cohort. A meta-analysis of previously published results was also undertaken. RESULTS One novel variant in intron 6 was identified but no new coding variants. No definite associations were seen in the initial study but in the extended study there were weak associations with rs4149576 (p=0.04) and rs4149577 (p=0.007). In the meta-analysis consistent, somewhat stronger associations were seen with rs4149577 (p=0.002) and rs4149578 (p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS These studies confirm the weak genetic associations between AS and TNFRSF1A. In view of the previously reported associations of TNFRSF1A with AS, in Caucasians and Chinese, and the biological plausibility of this candidate gene, replication of this finding in well powered studies is clearly indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karaderi
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
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Whiley P, Walker LC, De LA Hoya M, Wappenschmidt B, Becker A, Blanco A, Blok MJ, Caligo MA, Chatfield C, Couch F, Diez O, Fachal L, Guidugli L, Enríquez S, Hansen T, Houdayer C, Imrie S, Lafferty A, Lázaro C, Menéndez M, Montagna M, Montalbán G, Santamariña M, Pederson I, Southey M, Tancredi M, Tenès A, Thomassen M, Van Overeem Vega A, Spurdle AB, Brown MA. A multi-centre international quality control study comparing mRNA splicing assay protocols and reporting practices from the ENIGMA consortium. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2012. [PMCID: PMC3327263 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-10-s2-a87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Bradbury LA, Barlow S, Geoghegan F, Hannon RA, Stuckey SL, Wass JAH, Russell RGG, Brown MA, Duncan EL. Risedronate in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta type I: increased bone mineral density and decreased bone turnover, but high fracture rate persists. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:285-94. [PMID: 21739105 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bisphosphonates can increase bone mineral density (BMD) in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). In this study of adults with OI type I, risedronate increased BMD at lumbar spine (but not total hip) and decreased bone turnover. However, the fracture rate in these patients remained high. INTRODUCTION Intravenous bisphosphonates given to children with OI can increase BMD and reduce fracture incidence. Oral and/or intravenous bisphosphonates may have similar effects in adults with OI. We completed an observational study of the effect of risedronate in adults with OI type I. METHODS Thirty-two adults (mean age, 39 years) with OI type I were treated with risedronate (total dose, 35 mg weekly) for 24 months. Primary outcome measures were BMD changes at lumbar spine (LS) and total hip (TH). Secondary outcome measures were fracture incidence, bone pain, and change in bone turnover markers (serum procollagen type I aminopropeptide (P1NP) and bone ALP). A meta-analysis of published studies of oral bisphosphonates in adults and children with OI was performed. RESULTS Twenty-seven participants (ten males and seventeen females) completed the study. BMD increased at LS by 3.9% (0.815 vs. 0.846 g/cm(2), p = 0.007; mean Z-score, -1.93 vs. -1.58, p = 0.002), with no significant change at TH. P1NP fell by 37% (p = 0.00041), with no significant change in bone ALP (p = 0.15). Bone pain did not change significantly (p = 0.6). Fracture incidence remained high, with 25 clinical fractures and 10 major fractures in fourteen participants (0.18 major fractures per person per year), with historical data of 0.12 fractures per person per year. The meta-analysis did not demonstrate a significant difference in fracture incidence in patients with OI treated with oral bisphosphonates. CONCLUSIONS Risedronate in adults with OI type I results in modest but significant increases in BMD at LS, and decreased bone turnover. However, this may be insufficient to make a clinically significant difference to fracture incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bradbury
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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