1
|
Davinelli S, Melvang HM, Andersen LP, Scapagnini G, Nielsen ME. Astaxanthin from Shrimp Cephalothorax Stimulates the Immune Response by Enhancing IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-2 Secretion in Splenocytes of Helicobacter Pylori-Infected Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17070382. [PMID: 31248010 PMCID: PMC6669458 DOI: 10.3390/md17070382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is a critical cause of gastrointestinal diseases. A crucial host response associated with H. pylori infection includes gastric inflammation, which is characterized by a sustained recruitment of T-helper (Th) cells to the site of infection and distinct patterns of cytokine production. Adequate nutritional status, especially frequent consumption of dietary antioxidants, appears to protect against infection with H. pylori. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether astaxanthin (AXT) from shrimp cephalothorax may modulate cytokine release of splenocytes in H. pylori-infected mice (n = 60). Six- to eight-week-old female mice were divided into three groups (n = 20 per group) to receive a daily oral dose of 10 or 40 mg of AXT for six weeks. After six weeks, a trend toward interferon gamma (IFN-γ) upregulation was found (40 mg; p < 0.05) and a significant dose-dependent increase of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-10 (both p < 0.05) was observed. These results suggest that AXT induces higher levels of IL-2 and a shift to a balanced Th1/Th2 response by increasing IFN-γ and augmenting IL-10. We concluded that AXT may influence the pattern of cytokines during H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Heidi Mikkelsen Melvang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Leif Percival Andersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via de Sanctis s.n.c, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Garren BR, Lawrence MB, McNaull PP, Sutherland R, Bukowski TP, Nielsen ME, Woody N, Clark McCall MHA, Ricketts K, Chidgey BA, Ross SS. Opioid-prescribing patterns, storage, handling, and disposal in postoperative pediatric urology patients. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:260.e1-260.e7. [PMID: 31010641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging research on surgeons and the opioid epidemic have focused on the adult population. Consequently, little is known regarding opioid-prescribing practices in the pediatric population. The goal of this study is to examine postoperative opioid-prescribing and consumption patterns, as well as storage and disposal trends for specific pediatric urologic procedures. STUDY DESIGN Patients undergoing surgery associated with specified Current Procedural Terminology codes were retrospectively identified, and details regarding opioid medications were obtained through our pharmacy database. Patients' guardians were contacted two weeks postoperatively to determine opioid usage. Opioids were prescribed at a standard dosing of 0.1 mg/kg per dose or the equivalent. RESULTS Of the 171 identified patients, 117 patients were successfully contacted, with 67 (39%) completing telephone surveys. The 3 most common pediatric urology procedures were inguinal hernia repair (N = 39), circumcision (N = 27), and cystoscopy (N = 16). Across all procedures, there was an average excess of 9.8 doses prescribed, corresponding to an overprescription rate of 64%. Of the patients prescribed opioids, 41 (62%) had leftover opioid medication two weeks postoperatively. Thirty-two of 41 (78%) patients did not dispose of their leftover medication. Only 13 patients received perioperative counseling on appropriate storage and disposal of opiates. DISCUSSION Prescribing practices for an array of pediatric urologic procedures are non-standardized and often generously excessive. We show universal overprescribing for all our reviewed urologic procedures. Sixty-two percent of pediatric urology patients did not use their entire prescribed opiate, leaving a significant pool of medicine within the pediatric family home. Given the low incidence of perioperative education, unsurprisingly a majority of our patients improperly handled and disposed off excess opioid medication. CONCLUSION There is general overprescription of postoperative opioids and poor perioperative opioid education in the pediatric urology population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B R Garren
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Urology, USA.
| | - M B Lawrence
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Anesthesiology, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - P P McNaull
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Anesthesiology, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - R Sutherland
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Urology, USA
| | - T P Bukowski
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Urology, USA
| | - M E Nielsen
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Urology, USA
| | - N Woody
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Anesthesiology, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - M H A Clark McCall
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Anesthesiology, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - K Ricketts
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Anesthesiology, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - B A Chidgey
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Anesthesiology, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - S S Ross
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Urology, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ørnholt-Johansson G, Gudjónsdóttir M, Nielsen ME, Skytte JL, Frosch S. Analysis of the production of salmon fillet – Prediction of production yield. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
4
|
Schmidt JG, Andersen EW, Ersbøll BK, Nielsen ME. Muscle wound healing in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 48:273-284. [PMID: 26702558 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We followed the progression of healing of deep excisional biopsy punch wounds over the course of 365 days in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by monitoring visual wound healing and gene expression in the healing muscle at regular intervals (1, 3, 7, 14, 38 and 100 days post-wounding). In addition, we performed muscle texture analysis one year after wound infliction. The selected genes have all previously been investigated in relation to vertebrate wound healing, but only few specifically in fish. The selected genes were interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and -β3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -9 and -13, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), fibronectin (FN), tenascin-C (TN-C), prolyl 4-hydroxylase α1-chain (P4Hα1), lysyl oxidase (LOX), collagen type I α1-chain (ColIα1), CD41 and CD163. Wound healing progressed slowly in the presented study, which is at least partially due to the low temperature of about 8.5 °C during the first 100 days. The inflammation phase lasted more than 14 days, and the genes relating to production and remodeling of new extracellular matrix (ECM) exhibited a delayed but prolonged upregulation starting 1-2 weeks post-wounding and lasting until at least 100 days post-wounding. The gene expression patterns and histology reveal limited capacity for muscle regeneration in rainbow trout, and muscle texture analyses one year after wound infliction confirm that wounds heal with fibrosis. At 100 dpw epidermis had fully regenerated, and dermis partially regenerated. Scales had not regenerated even after one year. CD163 is a marker of "wound healing"-type M2c macrophages in mammals. M2 macrophage markers are as yet poorly described in fish. The pattern of CD163 expression in the present study is consistent with the expected timing of presence of M2c macrophages in the wound. CD163 may thus potentially prove a valuable marker of M2 macrophages - or a subset hereof - in fish. We subjected a group of fish to bathing in an immunomodulatory β-glucan product during wound healing, but found this to have very limited effect on wound healing in contrast to a previously published study on common carp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Schmidt
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 7, DK-1970 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - E W Andersen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Statistics and Data Analysis, Matematiktorvet, Building 324, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - B K Ersbøll
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Statistics and Data Analysis, Matematiktorvet, Building 324, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M E Nielsen
- Leo Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wulff T, Nielsen ME, Deelder AM, Jessen F, Palmblad M. Authentication of Fish Products by Large-Scale Comparison of Tandem Mass Spectra. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:5253-9. [DOI: 10.1021/pr4006525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tune Wulff
- National
Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj
Bygade 19, Soborg 2860, Denmark
- Leiden
University Medical Center (LUMC), Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - André M. Deelder
- Leiden
University Medical Center (LUMC), Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Flemming Jessen
- National
Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj
Bygade 19, Soborg 2860, Denmark
| | - Magnus Palmblad
- Leiden
University Medical Center (LUMC), Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Przybylska-Diaz DA, Schmidt JG, Vera-Jiménez NI, Steinhagen D, Nielsen ME. β-glucan enriched bath directly stimulates the wound healing process in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:998-1006. [PMID: 23770625 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and well-organized process in which physiological factors and immune mechanisms are involved. A number of different immune modulators have been found to enhance the non-specific defence system in vertebrates, among which β-glucans are the most powerful and extensively investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biological impact of two different commercially available β glucan containing products on the wound healing process in carp. Throughout a two week experiment fish were kept either untreated (control), or in water supplemented with the two different types of β-glucans. The wound healing process was monitored using a multispectral visualisation system. The correlation between wound closure and immune response was investigated by measuring the gene expression patterns of IL-1β, IL-6 family member M17, IL-8 and Muc5b, and measurement of production of radical oxygen species. PAMPs/DAMPs stimulation caused by the wounding and or β-glucans resulted in an inflammatory response by activating IL-1β, IL-6 family member M17 and IL-8 and differences in the expression pattern were seen depending on stimuli. IL-1β, IL-6 family member M17 and IL-8 were activated in all wounds regardless of treatment. Expression of all three interleukins was highly up regulated in control wounded muscle already at day 1 post-wounding and decreased at subsequent time-points. The reverse was the case with control wounded skin, where expression increased from day 1 through day 14. The results for the β-glucan treated wounds were more complex. The images showed significantly faster wound contraction in both treated groups compared to the control. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that a β glucan enriched bath promotes the closure of wounds in common carp and induce a local change in cytokine expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Przybylska-Diaz
- DTU Food, National Food Institute, Biological Quality Research Group, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK 2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ljungqvist MG, Frosch S, Nielsen ME, Ersbøll BK. Multispectral image analysis for robust prediction of astaxanthin coating. Appl Spectrosc 2013; 67:738-746. [PMID: 23816125 DOI: 10.1366/12-06823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of predicting the type and concentration level of astaxanthin coating of aquaculture feed pellets using multispectral image analysis. We used both natural and synthetic astaxanthin, and we used several different concentration levels of synthetic astaxanthin in combination with four different recipes of feed pellets. We used a VideometerLab with 20 spectral bands in the range of 385-1050 nm. We used linear discriminant analysis and sparse linear discriminant analysis for classification and variable selection. We used partial least squares regression (PLSR) for prediction of the concentration level. The results show that it is possible to predict the level of synthetic astaxanthin coating using PLSR on either the same recipe, or when calibrating on all recipes. The concentration prediction is adequate for screening for all recipes. Moreover, it shows that it is possible to predict the type of astaxanthin used in the coating using only ten spectral bands. Finally, the most selected spectral bands for astaxanthin prediction are in the visible range of the spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Georg Ljungqvist
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Richard Petersens Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vera-Jimenez NI, Pietretti D, Wiegertjes GF, Nielsen ME. Comparative study of β-glucan induced respiratory burst measured by nitroblue tetrazolium assay and real-time luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 34:1216-1222. [PMID: 23454430 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory burst is an important feature of the immune system. The increase in cellular oxygen uptake that marks the initiation of the respiratory burst is followed by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide which plays a role in the clearance of pathogens and tissue regeneration processes. Therefore, the respiratory burst and associated ROS constitute important indicators of fish health status. This paper compares two methods for quantitation of ROS produced during the respiratory burst in common carp: the widely used, single-point measurement based on the intracellular reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and a real-time luminol-enhanced assay based on the detection of native chemiluminescence. Both assays allowed for detection of dose-dependent changes in magnitude of the respiratory burst response induced by β-glucans in head kidney cells of carp. However, whereas the NBT assay was shown to detect the production of only superoxide anions, the real-time luminol-enhanced assay could detect the production of both superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide. Only the chemiluminescence assay could reliably record the production of ROS on a real-time scale at frequent and continual time intervals for time course experiments, providing more detailed information on the respiratory burst response. The real-time chemiluminescence assay was used to measure respiratory burst activity in macrophage and neutrophilic granulocyte-enriched head kidney cell fractions and total head kidney cell suspensions and proved to be a fast, reliable, automated multiwell microplate assay to quantitate fish health status modulated by β-glucans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N I Vera-Jimenez
- DTU Food, National Food Institute, Division for Industrial Food Technology, Biological Quality Research Group, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wulff T, Silva T, Nielsen ME. Tissue damage in organic rainbow trout muscle investigated by proteomics and bioinformatics. Proteomics 2013; 13:2180-90. [PMID: 23596053 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The response to tissue damage is a complex process, which involves the coordinated regulation of multiple proteins to ensure tissue repair. In order to investigate the effect of tissue damage in a lower vertebrate, samples were taken from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at day 7 after damage and proteins were separated using 2DE. The experimental design included two groups of rainbow trout, which were fed organic feed either with or without astaxanthin. In total, 96 proteins were found to be affected by tissue damage, clearly demonstrating in this lower vertebrate the complexity and magnitude of the cellular response, in the context of a regenerative process. Using a bioinformatics approach, the main biological function of these proteins were assigned, showing the regulation of proteins involved in processes such as apoptosis, iron homeostasis, and regulation of muscular structure. Interestingly, it was established that exclusively within the astaxanthin feed group, three members of the annexin protein family (annexin IV, V, and VI) were regulated in response to tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tune Wulff
- DTU Food, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vera-Jimenez NI, Nielsen ME. Carp head kidney leukocytes display different patterns of oxygen radical production after stimulation with PAMPs and DAMPs. Mol Immunol 2013; 55:231-6. [PMID: 23517739 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing and tissue regeneration are essential mechanisms to ensure the survival and health of any organism. Despite this, only a few studies have been devoted to study tissue regeneration during wound healing in fish. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular hydrogen peroxide, play an important dual role both for promoting tissue repair, but also for eradication of pathogens. This study aims at dissecting the contribution of PAMPs (using β-glucan) and DAMPs in the respiratory burst response of carp head kidney-derived leukocytes, and address their contribution to wound healing processes. Consistent with a pathogen eradication strategy, ROS responses to PAMP stimulation (β-glucan) was fast, vigorous and highly dominated by production of superoxide anion. In contrast, stimulation with DAMPs led to a slow, subtle but long-lasting production of oxygen radicals dominated by hydrogen peroxide. Using an in vitro model of scratch-wounded CCB fibroblast cell cultures and a novel PhotoID proliferation assay, stimulation with low and continuous levels of hydrogen peroxide (5 μM) led to a slight increase in the percentage of wound recovery and thus promoted wound closure. In contrast, high doses of hydrogen peroxide (300 μM) impaired fibroblast scratch-wound recovery and caused cell death. These results elucidate the capacity of hydrogen peroxide to influence the fate of tissue regeneration through the establishment of environments suitable for promoting either tissue regeneration or oxidative stress and thereby potential tissue damage. Direct in vitro stimulation with β-glucans did not impact fibroblast scratch-wound recovery, which further suggests that interaction with tissue-resident leukocytes or other components of the fish immune system are required to induce fibroblast proliferation and thus for the accelerated wound healing promoted by β-glucan stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N I Vera-Jimenez
- DTU Food, National Food Institute, Division for Industrial Food Technology, Biological Quality Group, SøltoftsPlads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jeppesen JV, Nielsen ME, Kristensen SG, Yding Andersen C. Concentration of activin A and follistatin in follicular fluid from human small antral follicles associated to gene expression of the corresponding granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 356:48-54. [PMID: 21846490 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study correlated concentrations of activin A and follistatin in follicular fluid (FF) from human small antral follicles to FF concentrations of AMH, inhibin B, progesterone, and oestradiol and to the mRNA expression of FSH-receptor (FSHR), LH-receptor (LHR), AMH-receptor2 (AMHR2), CYP19a, and androgen-receptor (AR) in the corresponding granulosa cells (GC). FF from 144 follicles (3-12 mm in diameter) was included whereas mRNA expression profiles were established in GC from 66 of the 144 follicles. Levels of follistatin remained constant in relation to follicular diameter, whereas activin A levels increased in follicles exceeding 10 mm in diameter. Levels of activin A and inhibin B showed a highly significant inverse association. Follistatin showed highly significant positive associations with AMH and inhibin B levels and with FSHR and AR gene expression in GC. This study revealed unexpected associations that probably reflect the complicated regulatory mechanisms governing human folliculogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J V Jeppesen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children, and Reproduction - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Georg Ljungqvist
- Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, and Division of Industrial Food Technology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Kjær Ersbøll
- Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Engelbrecht Nielsen
- Division of Industrial Food Technology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stina Frosch
- Division of Industrial Food Technology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ljungqvist MG, Nielsen ME, Ersbøll BK, Frosch S. Image analysis of pellet size for a control system in industrial feed production. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26492. [PMID: 22031836 PMCID: PMC3198772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
When producing aquaculture fish feed pellets, the size of the output product is of immense importance. As the production method cannot produce pellets of constant and uniform size using constant machine settings, there is a demand for size control. Fish fed with feed pellets of improper size are prone to not grow as expected, which is undesirable to the aquaculture industry. In this paper an image analysis method is proposed for automatic size-monitoring of pellets. This is called granulometry and the method used here is based on the mathematical morphological opening operation. In the proposed method, no image object segmentation is needed. The results show that it is possible to extract a general size distribution from an image of piled disordered pellets representing both length and diameter of the pellets in combination as an area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Georg Ljungqvist
- Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Division of Industrial Food Research, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MGL); (SF)
| | - Michael Engelbrecht Nielsen
- Division of Industrial Food Research, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Kjær Ersbøll
- Department of Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stina Frosch
- Division of Industrial Food Research, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MGL); (SF)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nielsen ME, Rasmussen IA, Kristensen SG, Christensen ST, Møllgård K, Wreford Andersen E, Byskov AG, Yding Andersen C. In human granulosa cells from small antral follicles, androgen receptor mRNA and androgen levels in follicular fluid correlate with FSH receptor mRNA. Mol Hum Reprod 2010; 17:63-70. [PMID: 20843821 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaq073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human small antral follicles (diameter 3-9 mm) were obtained from ovaries surgically removed for fertility preservation. From the individual aspirated follicles, granulosa cells and the corresponding follicular fluid were isolated in 64 follicles, of which 55 were available for mRNA analysis (24 women). Expressions of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA levels in granulosa cells, and of androstenedione and testosterone in follicular fluid, were correlated to the expression of the FSH receptor (FSHR), LH receptor (LHR), CYP19 and anti-Müllerian Hormone-receptor II (AMHRII) mRNA in the granulosa cells and to the follicular fluid concentrations of AMH, inhibin-B, progesterone and estradiol. AR mRNA expression in granulosa cells and the follicular fluid content of androgens both showed a highly significant positive association with the expression of FSHR mRNA in granulosa cells. AR mRNA expression also correlated significantly with the expression of AMHRII, but did not correlate with any of the hormones in the follicular fluid. These data demonstrate an intimate association between AR expression in immature granulosa cells, and the expression of FSHR in normal small human antral follicles and between the follicular fluid levels of androgen and FSHR expression. This suggests that follicular sensitivity towards FSH stimulation may be augmented by stimulation of androgens via the AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Nielsen
- The Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense , Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ingerslev HC, Lunder T, Nielsen ME. Inflammatory and regenerative responses in salmonids following mechanical tissue damage and natural infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2010; 29:440-450. [PMID: 20472069 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 05/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Locale responses in muscle tissue against either a sterile tissue damage or infection were compared in salmonid fish in order to examine the inflammatory responses and regeneration of tissue. From higher vertebrates both damage and infection are known to cause inflammation since DAMPs released from injured cells as well as PAMPs from the surface of pathogens are immunogenic. To examine this in salmonid fishes, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were infected with Moritella viscosus, the causative agent of winter ulcer. Muscle tissue was sampled from infected fish at 4, 7 and 14 days post infection. Samples were obtained from site of lesions and from locations without clinical signs of disease and lesions. The tissue damage was performed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by applying sterile needles to skin and muscle tissue to one side of the fish. Samples were taken 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days post injury from the injured side and non-injured site (internal control). From both infected and damaged fish, samples were subject to real-time RT-PCR for measuring the expression of IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-10, Hsp70, iNOS, TGF-beta, TLR-5m, TLR-9, TLR-22, TGF-beta, MMP-2, CTGF, myostatin-1alphabeta and collagen-1alpha which are coding for immunological factors and tissue regeneration. Locale, inflammatory responses were seen as strong up-regulation of IL-1beta and IL-8 in both groups of fish, but it was more pronounced in infected fish. Expression of the toll-like receptors showed induction of TLR-5m following infection, but TLR-9 and TLR-22 following damage. Further, in both studies the regenerative genes TGF-beta, MMP-2, CTGF, myostatin-1alphabeta were induced, but showed different kinetics. Collagen-1alpha was only induced in infected fish, probably due to heavier tissue damage in these.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Ingerslev
- DTU Food, National Food Institute, Division for Seafood Research, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gonzalez SF, Chatziandreou N, Nielsen ME, Li W, Rogers J, Taylor R, Santos Y, Cossins A. Cutaneous immune responses in the common carp detected using transcript analysis. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:1664-79. [PMID: 17049603 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to detect new immune-related genes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) challenged by an ectoparasitic infection, two cDNA libraries were constructed from carp skin sampled at 3 and 72h after infection with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. In a total of 3500 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) we identified 82 orthologues of genes of immune relevance previously described in other organisms. Of these, 61 have never been described before in C. carpio, thus shedding light on some key components of the defence mechanisms of this species. Among the newly described genes, full-length molecules of prostaglandin D2 synthase (PGDS), the CC chemokine molecule SCYA103, and a second gene for the carp beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m), beta(2)m-2, were described. Transcript amounts of the genes PGDS, interferon (IFN), SCYA103, complement factor 7 (C7), complement factor P (FP), complement factor D (FD) and beta(2)m-2 were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR). Samples from skin, blood and liver from fish challenged with I. multifiliis were taken at 3, 12, 24, 36 and 48h post infection. Higher expression levels of most of these transcripts were observed in skin from uninfected fish, compared to the transcript levels detected in blood and liver from the same animals. Also, there was significant down-regulation of the genes PGDS and beta(2)m-2 in skin, whilst significant up-regulation was observed for the C7 and SCYA103 genes in liver of fish infected with the parasite. These results confirm the active role of fish skin in the immune response against infections, acting as an important site of expression of immune-related molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Fernandez Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Laboratory for Fish Diseases, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Stigbøjlen 7, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The European eel, Anguilla anguilla, is one of the most important warm water fish species cultured in southern Europe and the Mediterranean as well as in northern countries including Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark. The Japanese eel, A. japonica, is an important cultured fish in several Asiatic countries including Japan, China and Taiwan. During recent decades, research has been performed to elucidate the immune response of these species against different pathogens (viruses, bacteria or parasites). Nevertheless, there is very limited information in terms of both cellular and humoral immune responses. This review summarizes the present knowledge relating to the eel immune system and includes new data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Nielsen
- Laboratory for Fish Diseases, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Raida MK, Larsen JL, Nielsen ME, Buchmann K. Enhanced resistance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), against Yersinia ruckeri challenge following oral administration of Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis (BioPlus2B). J Fish Dis 2003; 26:495-498. [PMID: 14513974 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Raida
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Section of Fish Diseases, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Esteve-Gassent MD, Nielsen ME, Amaro C. The kinetics of antibody production in mucus and serum of European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) after vaccination against Vibrio vulnificus: development of a new method for antibody quantification in skin mucus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2003; 15:51-61. [PMID: 12787687 DOI: 10.1016/s1050-4648(02)00138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus serovar E, a bacterial pathogen for eels cultured in intensive systems, is transmitted through water and enters into new hosts mainly via gills. The main objective of this work was to study the kinetics of antibody production to V. vulnificus in serum and mucus and their relationship with protection after vaccination. To quantify local mucus antibodies, a new "in situ" dot blot immunoassay using image analysis has been developed. This assay was applied to measure antibody production in the skin zone next to the gills. We found that (i) the immune response in mucus was faster (peak at days 3-4) and shorter in duration (titres significantly elevated up to day 5 and 11 for skin zone next to the gills and for general cutaneous mucus, respectively) than in serum (peak at day 7; titres significantly elevated for more than 25 days); (ii) the exposure of vaccinated eels with basal levels of local antibodies to sub-lethal dose of the pathogen stimulated a more lasting secreted antibody production (for more than 14 days); (iii) protection and antibody levels in serum were clearly correlated, and (iv) immunised eels with basal levels of serum antibodies and maximal levels of local antibodies were partially protected.
Collapse
|
20
|
Buchmann K, Nielsen ME, Nielsen CV. Immune responses against Yersinia ruckeri have no effect on colonization of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), by Gyrodactylus derjavini (Mikailov, 1975). J Fish Dis 2003; 26:183-186. [PMID: 12962227 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Buchmann
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Section of Fish Diseases, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
We identified a recessive, brassinolide-insensitive mutant caused by a deletion allele (bri1-201) of the brassinosteroid (BR) receptor BRI1. The bri1-201 mutant displayed altered expression levels of genes differentially regulated by gibberellin (GA). RNA-blot analysis revealed that BR and GA antagonistically regulate the accumulation of mRNAs of the GA-responsive GASA1 gene, as well as the GA-repressible GA5 gene. Expression studies with cycloheximide indicated that the antagonistic effects of GA and BR on GA5 require de novo protein synthesis. Reporter transgene analyses and RNA-blot analysis showed that BR and GA modulate GA5 expression, at least in part, at the transcriptional level, and that the signals are independent and subtractive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Bouquin
- Department of Plant Physiology, Molecular Biology Institute, Copenhagen University, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nielsen ME, Høi L, Schmidt AS, Qian D, Shimada T, Shen JY, Larsen JL. Is Aeromonas hydrophila the dominant motile Aeromonas species that causes disease outbreaks in aquaculture production in the Zhejiang Province of China? Dis Aquat Organ 2001; 46:23-29. [PMID: 11592699 DOI: 10.3354/dao046023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The significance of Aeromonas hydrophila in association with disease outbreaks in aquaculture production in the Zhejiang province of China was investigated. Bacteriological examination of moribund fish and crabs resulted in 95 bacterial isolates: 88 bacterial isolates from fish and 7 isolates from crabs. PCR and traditional biochemical methods were used for identification of A. hydrophila. Out of 69 motile aeromonads, 35 isolates were identified as A. hydrophila by biochemical tests. However, 6 of those were not identified as A. hydrophila by a species specific PCR method. Serotyping revealed 2 dominant serotypes (O9 and O97) among A. hydrophila isolates. The data presented show that approximately 42% of the motile aeromonads isolated from disease outbreaks among various fish species were A. hydrophila. It is noteworthy that A. hydrophila accounted for more than 50% of the isolated aeromonands isolated from crucian carp Carassius carassius and Wuchang bream Megalobrama amblycephala with haemorrhagic septicaemia. Although this species was the most frequently isolated organism from internal organs of diseased fish and crabs in the present study, other motile Aeromonas spp. were also found. The PCR assay was useful in preventing misidentification of A. hydrophila, which may occur when only phenotypic tests are employed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fouz B, Esteve-Gassent MD, Barrera R, Larsen JL, Nielsen ME, Amaro C. Field testing of a vaccine against eel diseases caused by Vibrio vulnificus. Dis Aquat Organ 2001; 45:183-189. [PMID: 11558727 DOI: 10.3354/dao045183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The field results of a vaccination programme against Vibrio vulnificus serovar E (biotype 2) in a Spanish eel farm are reported. A total of 9.5 million glass eels were vaccinated from January 1998 to March 2000 by prolonged immersion followed by 2 subsequent reimmunisations after 12 to 14 and 24 to 28 d, respectively. The acquired protection and the immune response against serovar E were estimated over a period of 6 mo after vaccination. A similar vaccination schedule was conducted with elvers in a Danish eel farm. In this case, the acquired protection and the immune response against serovar E and the new eel-pathogenic serovars, recently described in Denmark, were evaluated over a short term. The overall results show that the vaccine against V. vulnificus serovar E induces a satisfactory protective immunity during the main growth period of eels (around 6 mo) with a relative percentage survival of 62 to 86% and protects them against the new eel-pathogenic serovars. Vaccination of eels by immersion seems to be the best strategy to prevent diseases caused by V. vulnificus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Fouz
- Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Meier C, Bouquin T, Nielsen ME, Raventos D, Mattsson O, Rocher A, Schomburg F, Amasino RM, Mundy J. Gibberellin response mutants identified by luciferase imaging. Plant J 2001; 25:509-19. [PMID: 11309141 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.00980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellin (GA) 20-oxidase encoded by Arabidopsis GA5 catalyzes the synthesis of active GAs. GA5 is a regulatory step in GA biosynthesis as GA5 mRNA levels are negatively regulated by its bioactive GA products. A fusion between the GA5 promoter and the firefly luciferase reporter (GA5-LUC) was shown to be similarly regulated, indicating GA feedback of GA5 occurs at the transcriptional level. The fidelity of the GA5-LUC reporter permitted a fusion genetic screen to identify mutants altered in transgene expression. This bioimaging screen identified two types of recessive mutants with increased LUC activity and apparent GA-related growth phenotypes, a dwarf (lue1) and two late flowering mutants (fpa1-3 and fpa1-4). Mutant progeny exhibited altered levels of LUC and of endogenous GA5 and other GA-regulated mRNAs. SSLP-based mapping localized lue1 to chromosome I near the ga2 locus, although complementation analyzes showed that lue1 is not allelic to ga2. Mapping and complementation analyzes showed that the late flowering mutants are allelic to fpa1. This provides genetic evidence for crosstalk between the autonomous and gibberellin-dependent flowering pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Meier
- Department of Plant Physiology, Molecular Biology Institute, Copenhagen University, Oster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
66 adults rated the relevance of adjectives representing dimensions of affect and personality for describing how they felt during religious experiences. Adjectives, representing positive affect (enthusiastic, at ease), low neuroticism (calm, relaxed), and high agreeableness (soft-hearted, sympathetic), conscientiousness (conscientious, reliable), and extraversion (sociable, talkative), were rated to be descriptive of religious experiences. The failure of openness to discriminate religious experiences is consistent with Block's criticism (1995) of the five-factor model of personality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro 30460-8041, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nielsen ME, Boesgaard L, Sweeting RM, McKeown BA, Rosenkilde P. Physiological and endocrinological responses during prolonged exercise in hatchery-reared rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Acta Vet Scand 2000; 41:173-84. [PMID: 10965568 PMCID: PMC7996439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were subjected to vigorous exercise (1.5 body length s-1), low exercise (0.5 body length s-1) or still-water (0.0 body length s-1). Hematocrit, glucose, growth hormone (GH), cortisol and triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) were monitored at the start of exercise, after 24 h, and after 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days of continuous swimming. Morphological indices and food intake were also monitored. At the end of the experiment, trout subjected to low exercise had gained significantly (p < 0.05) more weight than both the control (still-water) and vigorously exercised fish. This low exercised group of fish also consumed more food than the 2 other groups. Hematocrit increased significantly in both exercised groups at the onset of swimming but returned to pre-exercise levels within 8 hrs. Plasma glucose appeared to be generally unaffected by exercise. Likewise, plasma concentrations of both GH and T3 were not influenced by exercise. Plasma cortisol levels increased in an exercise dependent fashion at the onset of swimming, but returned to pre-swimming levels within 24 h and there was no apparent effect of sustained swimming. The results suggest: (i) the onset of exercise elicits transient changes in plasma components, (ii) the observed weight gain in low exercising salmonids occur without increases in circulating levels of GH or T3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Mechanisms in the host-finding process of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis were studied in vitro by a novel bioassay using 24-well multidishes supplied with bottom layers of agar with chemoattractants. It was shown that low molecular weight molecules (carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, urea) did not attract theronts. In contrast, sera and mucus from a range of teleosts (including marine fish) were effective attractants. Fractionation by gel filtration of fish serum allowed determination of the molecular size of the attracting proteins. Further biochemical studies suggested the chemoattractants to be present in fractions with host immunoglobulin and some still undetermined proteins. No clear association between enzyme activity and chemotactic potential was seen. The high chemoattractive effect of serum from various unrelated teleosts corresponds to the low host specificity of I. multifiliis and suggests that serum factors in mucus could be involved in host finding of the parasite. Society for Parasitology Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Buchmann
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg C., Denmark.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nielsen ME. An enhanced humoral immune response against the swimbladder nematode, Anguillicola crassus, in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, compared with the European eel, A. anguilla. J Helminthol 1999; 73:227-32. [PMID: 10526415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The humoral immune response in the two eel species, Anguilla japonica and Anguilla anguilla against two fractions of antigens in Anguillicola crassus were studied. Within species, both eel species showed significantly elevated titres compared with controls when immunized with antigens from Anguillicola crassus. In interspecific comparison, Anguilla japonica showed significantly elevated titres in comparison with Anguilla anguilla. Immunization of Anguilla anguilla caused a significantly decrease in the plasma levels of protein in comparison with control fish and all groups of Anguilla japonica. In contrast, Anguilla japonica showed significantly lower plasma levels of Ig in all groups compared with Anguilla anguilla. The different susceptibilities to Anguillicola crassus between the natural host, Anguilla japonica, and the naive, Anguilla anguilla, is partly due to differences in the ability of the two eel species to mount a humoral immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Nielsen
- Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
McFeeters AN, Smith EW, Nielsen ME, Wilson JH. Projected animal preferences in incarcerated and nonincarcerated men. Percept Mot Skills 1998; 86:250. [PMID: 9530742 DOI: 10.2466/pms.1998.86.1.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Consistent with Bender and Rapoport's suggestion and clinical experience, the present study of 93 inmates and 106 college men supports that the wish for freedom, to “take flight,” may be symbolized in projective material by a bird.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N McFeeters
- Georgia Southern University, Statesboro 30460-8041, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Myers LE, McLelland R, Stricker CX, Feig SA, Martin JE, Moskowitz M, Nielsen ME. Reproducibility of mammographic classifications. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1983; 141:445-50. [PMID: 6603748 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.141.3.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Wolfe's mammographic classification and a percentage classification are statistically evaluated for inter- and intraobserver bias and agreement by seven mammographers with a set of 200 xeromammograms. The results demonstrate significant bias and disagreement with both methods, raising questions about the clinical limitations of these or other mammographic classifications. However, about 90% of the percentage classifications of pairs of readers are within adjacent categories. This suggests that (1) more experience with precisely defined classifications and protocols, (2) the development and application of readily available instructional materials, and (3) studies to identify and evaluate sources of variation in such classifications may eventually lead to acceptable levels of reproducibility.
Collapse
|
31
|
Nielsen ME, Heaston DK, Dunnick NR, Korobkin M. Preoperative CT evaluation of adrenal glands in non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1982; 139:317-20. [PMID: 6979884 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.139.2.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Preoperative chest computed tomographic (CT) scans in 84 patients with biopsy-proved non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were reviewed. At least one adrenal gland was visualized in 70 of these. Evidence of a solid adrenal mass was present in 18 (14.5%) glands in 15 (21.4%) patients. Percutaneous needle aspiration under CT guidance confirmed metastatic malignancy in the four patients who were biopsied. Because the documented presence of adrenal metastases in non-small cell lung cancer makes surgical resection or local irradiation inappropriate, it is recommended that both adrenal glands in their entirety be specifically included whenever a staging chest CT examination is performed in patients with such tumors. Percutaneous needle biopsy for pathologic confirmation of the nature of solid adrenal masses discovered in this process is also useful.
Collapse
|