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Wang X, Rowan-Carroll A, Meier MJ, Yauk CL, Wade MG, Robaire B, Hales BF. House Dust-Derived Mixtures of Organophosphate Esters Alter the Phenotype, Function, Transcriptome, and Lipidome of KGN Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Toxicol Sci 2024:kfae052. [PMID: 38603619 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), used as flame retardants and plasticizers, are present ubiquitously in the environment. Previous studies suggest that exposure to OPEs is detrimental to female fertility in humans. However, no experimental information is available on the effects of OPE mixtures on ovarian granulosa cells, which play essential roles in female reproduction. We used high-content imaging to investigate the effects of environmentally relevant OPE mixtures on KGN human granulosa cell phenotypes. Perturbations to steroidogenesis were assessed using ELISA and qRT-PCR. A high-throughput transcriptomic approach, TempO-Seq™, was used to identify transcriptional changes in a targeted panel of genes. Effects on lipid homeostasis were explored using a cholesterol assay and global lipidomic profiling. OPE mixtures altered multiple phenotypic features of KGN cells, with triaryl OPEs in the mixture showing higher potencies than other mixture components. The mixtures increased basal production of steroid hormones; this was mediated by significant changes in the expression of critical transcripts involved in steroidogenesis. Further, the total-OPE mixture disrupted cholesterol homeostasis and the composition of intracellular lipid droplets. Exposure to complex mixtures of OPEs, similar to those found in house dust, may adversely affect female reproductive health by altering a multitude of phenotypic and functional endpoints in granulosa cells. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of actions underlying the toxicity induced by OPEs and highlights the need to examine the effects of human relevant chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Rowan-Carroll
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew J Meier
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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2
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Zurub RE, Cariaco Y, Wade MG, Bainbridge SA. Microplastics exposure: implications for human fertility, pregnancy and child health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1330396. [PMID: 38239985 PMCID: PMC10794604 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1330396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastics found in our everyday environment are becoming an increasing concern for individual and population-level health, and the extent of exposure and potential toxic effects of these contaminants on numerous human organ systems are becoming clear. Microplastics (MPs), tiny plastic particles, appear to have many of the same biological effects as their plastic precursors and have the compounded effect of potential accumulation in different organs. Recently, microplastic accumulation was observed in the human placenta, raising important questions related to the biological effects of these contaminants on the health of pregnancies and offspring. These concerns are particularly heightened considering the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) framework, which postulates that in utero exposure can programme the lifelong health of the offspring. The current review examines the state of knowledge on this topic and highlights important avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewa E. Zurub
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yusmaris Cariaco
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G. Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon A. Bainbridge
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Kwon YH, Banskota S, Wang H, Rossi L, Grondin JA, Syed SA, Yousefi Y, Schertzer JD, Morrison KM, Wade MG, Holloway AC, Surette MG, Steinberg GR, Khan WI. Author Correction: Chronic exposure to synthetic food colorant Allura Red AC promotes susceptibility to experimental colitis via intestinal serotonin in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3125. [PMID: 37253738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Han Kwon
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Huaqing Wang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Rossi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jensine A Grondin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Saad A Syed
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yeganeh Yousefi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Center for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Center for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health, Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Center for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Center for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Tsakiridis EE, Morrow MR, Desjardins EM, Wang D, Llanos A, Wang B, Wade MG, Morrison KM, Holloway AC, Steinberg GR. Effects of the pesticide deltamethrin on high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in male mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113763. [PMID: 37030334 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, rates of metabolic diseases are rapidly increasing and environmental exposure to pesticides, pollutants and/or other chemicals may play a role. Reductions in Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, mediated in part by uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), are associated with metabolic diseases. In the current study, we investigated whether the pesticide deltamethrin (0.01-1 mg/kg bw/day) incorporated into a high-fat diet and fed to mice housed at either room temperature (21 °C) or thermoneutrality (29 °C) would suppress BAT activity and accelerate the development of metabolic disease. Importantly, thermoneutrality allows for more accurate modeling of human metabolic disease. We found that, 0.01mg/kg bw/day of deltamethrin induced weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and increased energy expenditure, effects that were associated with increases in physical activity. In contrast, exposure to 0.1 and 1 mg/kg bw/day deltamethrin had no effect on any of the parameters examined. Deltamethrin treatment in mice did not alter molecular markers of BAT thermogenesis, despite observing suppression of UCP1 expression in cultured brown adipocytes. These data indicate that while deltamethrin inhibits UCP1 expression in vitro, 16wks exposure does not alter BAT thermogenesis markers nor exacerbates the development of obesity and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marisa R Morrow
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Llanos
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Zhou J, Manor B, McCarten JR, Wade MG, Jor’dan AJ. The effects of cognitive impairment on the multi-scale dynamics of standing postural control during visual-search in older men. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1068316. [PMID: 36761178 PMCID: PMC9905142 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1068316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment disrupts postural control, particularly when standing while performing an unrelated cognitive task (i.e., dual-tasking). The temporal dynamics of standing postural sway are "complex," and such complexity may reflect the capacity of the postural control system to adapt to task demands. We aimed to characterize the impact of cognitive impairment on such sway complexity in older adults. Methods Forty-nine older adult males (Alzheimer's disease (AD): n = 21; mild cognitive impairment (MCI): n = 13; cognitively-intact: n = 15) completed two 60-s standing trials in each of single-task and visual-search dual-task conditions. In the dual-task condition, participants were instructed to count the frequency of a designated letter in a block of letters projected on screen. The sway complexity of center-of-pressure fluctuations in anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) direction was quantified using multiscale entropy. The dual-task cost to complexity was obtained by calculating the percent change of complexity from single- to dual-task condition. Results Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed significant main effects of group (F > 4.8, p < 0.01) and condition (F = 7.7, p < 0.007) on both AP and ML sway complexity; and significant interaction between group and condition for ML sway complexity (F = 3.7, p = 0.03). The AD group had the lowest dual-task ML complexity, as well as greater dual-task cost to ML (p = 0.03) compared to the other two groups. Visual-search task accuracy was correlated with ML sway complexity in the dual-task condition (r = 0.42, p = 0.007), and the dual-task cost to ML sway complexity (r = 0.39, p = 0.01) across all participants. Conclusion AD-related cognitive impairment was associated with a greater relative reduction in postural sway complexity from single- to dual-tasking. Sway complexity appears to be sensitive to the impact of cognitive impairment on standing postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Zhou
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Junhong Zhou,
| | - Brad Manor
- Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John Riley McCarten
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States,School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael G. Wade
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Azizah J. Jor’dan
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
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6
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Kwon YH, Banskota S, Wang H, Rossi L, Grondin JA, Syed SA, Yousefi Y, Schertzer JD, Morrison KM, Wade MG, Holloway AC, Surette MG, Steinberg GR, Khan WI. Chronic exposure to synthetic food colorant Allura Red AC promotes susceptibility to experimental colitis via intestinal serotonin in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7617. [PMID: 36539404 PMCID: PMC9768151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals in food are widely used leading to significant human exposure. Allura Red AC (AR) is a highly common synthetic colorant; however, little is known about its impact on colitis. Here, we show chronic exposure of AR at a dose found in commonly consumed dietary products exacerbates experimental models of colitis in mice. While intermittent exposure is more akin to a typical human exposure, intermittent exposure to AR in mice for 12 weeks, does not influence susceptibility to colitis. However, exposure to AR during early life primes mice to heightened susceptibility to colitis. In addition, chronic exposure to AR induces mild colitis, which is associated with elevated colonic serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) levels and impairment of the epithelial barrier function via myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). Importantly, chronic exposure to AR does not influence colitis susceptibility in mice lacking tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the rate limiting enzyme for 5-HT biosynthesis. Cecal transfer of the perturbed gut microbiota by AR exposure worsens colitis severity in the recipient germ-free (GF) mice. Furthermore, chronic AR exposure elevates colonic 5-HT levels in naïve GF mice. Though it remains unknown whether AR has similar effects in humans, our study reveals that chronic long-term exposure to a common synthetic colorant promotes experimental colitis via colonic 5-HT in gut microbiota-dependent and -independent pathway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Han Kwon
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Huaqing Wang
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Laura Rossi
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jensine A. Grondin
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Saad A. Syed
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Yeganeh Yousefi
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Schertzer
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Center for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Katherine M. Morrison
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Center for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Michael G. Wade
- grid.57544.370000 0001 2110 2143Environmental Health, Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Center for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Michael G. Surette
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Center for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Waliul I. Khan
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
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Barra NG, Kwon YH, Morrison KM, Steinberg GR, Wade MG, Khan WI, Vijayan MM, Schertzer JD, Holloway AC. Increased gut serotonin production in response to bisphenol A structural analogs may contribute to their obesogenic effects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E80-E091. [PMID: 35575233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00049.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesogens are synthetic, environmental chemicals that can disrupt endocrine control of metabolism and contribute to the risk of obesity and metabolic disease. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most studied obesogens. There is considerable evidence that BPA exposure is associated with weight gain, increased adiposity, poor blood glucose control, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in animal models and human populations. Increased usage of structural analogs of BPA has occurred in response to legislation banning their use in some commercial products. However, BPA analogs may also cause some of the same metabolic impairments because of common mechanisms of action. One key effector that is altered by BPA and its analogs is serotonin, however, it is unknown if BPA-induced changes in peripheral serotonin pathways underlie metabolic perturbations seen with BPA exposure. Upon ingestion, BPA and its analogs act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the gastrointestinal tract to influence serotonin production by the gut, where over 95% of serotonin is produced. The purpose of this review is to evaluate how BPA and its analogs alter gut serotonin regulation and then discuss how disruption of serotonergic networks influences host metabolism. We also provide evidence that BPA and its analogs enhance serotonin production in gut enterochromaffin cells. Taken together, we propose that BPA and many BPA analogs represent endocrine-disrupting chemicals that can influence host metabolism through the endogenous production of gut-derived factors, such as serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yun Han Kwon
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Thambirajah AA, Wade MG, Verreault J, Buisine N, Alves VA, Langlois VS, Helbing CC. Disruption by stealth - Interference of endocrine disrupting chemicals on hormonal crosstalk with thyroid axis function in humans and other animals. Environ Res 2022; 203:111906. [PMID: 34418447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are important regulators of growth, development, and homeostasis of all vertebrates. There are many environmental contaminants that are known to disrupt TH action, yet their mechanisms are only partially understood. While the effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are mostly studied as "hormone system silos", the present critical review highlights the complexity of EDCs interfering with TH function through their interactions with other hormonal axes involved in reproduction, stress, and energy metabolism. The impact of EDCs on components that are shared between hormone signaling pathways or intersect between pathways can thus extend beyond the molecular ramifications to cellular, physiological, behavioral, and whole-body consequences for exposed organisms. The comparatively more extensive studies conducted in mammalian models provides encouraging support for expanded investigation and highlight the paucity of data generated in other non-mammalian vertebrate classes. As greater genomics-based resources become available across vertebrate classes, better identification and delineation of EDC effects, modes of action, and identification of effective biomarkers suitable for HPT disruption is possible. EDC-derived effects are likely to cascade into a plurality of physiological effects far more complex than the few variables tested within any research studies. The field should move towards understanding a system of hormonal systems' interactions rather than maintaining hormone system silos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita A Thambirajah
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de Recherche en Toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Buisine
- UMR7221 Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Verônica A Alves
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Québec City, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Caren C Helbing
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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9
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Wang B, Tsakiridis EE, Zhang S, Llanos A, Desjardins EM, Yabut JM, Green AE, Day EA, Smith BK, Lally JSV, Wu J, Raphenya AR, Srinivasan KA, McArthur AG, Kajimura S, Patel JS, Wade MG, Morrison KM, Holloway AC, Steinberg GR. The pesticide chlorpyrifos promotes obesity by inhibiting diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5163. [PMID: 34453052 PMCID: PMC8397754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from a caloric imbalance between energy intake, absorption and expenditure. In both rodents and humans, diet-induced thermogenesis contributes to energy expenditure and involves the activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT). We hypothesize that environmental toxicants commonly used as food additives or pesticides might reduce BAT thermogenesis through suppression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and this may contribute to the development of obesity. Using a step-wise screening approach, we discover that the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos suppresses UCP1 and mitochondrial respiration in BAT at concentrations as low as 1 pM. In mice housed at thermoneutrality and fed a high-fat diet, chlorpyrifos impairs BAT mitochondrial function and diet-induced thermogenesis, promoting greater obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. This is associated with reductions in cAMP; activation of p38MAPK and AMPK; protein kinases critical for maintaining UCP1 and mitophagy, respectively in BAT. These data indicate that the commonly used pesticide chlorpyrifos, suppresses diet-induced thermogenesis and the activation of BAT, suggesting its use may contribute to the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Evangelia E Tsakiridis
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shuman Zhang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Llanos
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eric M Desjardins
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Julian M Yabut
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander E Green
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Emily A Day
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brennan K Smith
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James S V Lally
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jianhan Wu
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amogelang R Raphenya
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Krishna A Srinivasan
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew G McArthur
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jagdish Suresh Patel
- Institute for Modeling Collaboration and Innovation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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10
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Allais A, Albert O, Lefèvre PLC, Wade MG, Hales BF, Robaire B. In Utero and Lactational Exposure to Flame Retardants Disrupts Rat Ovarian Follicular Development and Advances Puberty. Toxicol Sci 2021; 175:197-209. [PMID: 32207525 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane, leach out from consumer products into the environment. Exposure to BFRs has been associated with effects on endocrine homeostasis. To test the hypothesis that in utero and lactational exposure to BFRs may affect the reproductive system of female offspring, adult female Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets formulated to deliver nominal doses (0, 0.06, 20, or 60 mg/kg/day) of a BFR dietary mixture mimicking the relative congener levels in house dust from prior to mating until weaning. Vaginal opening and the day of first estrus occurred at a significantly earlier age among offspring from the 20 mg/kg/day BFR group, indicating that the onset of puberty was advanced. Histological analysis of ovaries from postnatal day 46 offspring revealed an increase in the incidence of abnormal follicles. A toxicogenomic analysis of ovarian gene expression identified upstream regulators, including HIF1A, CREB1, EGF, the β-estradiol, and PPARA pathways, predicted to be downregulated in the 20 or 60 mg/kg/day group and to contribute to the gene expression patterns observed. Thus, perinatal exposure to BFRs dysregulated ovarian folliculogenesis and signaling pathways that are fundamental for ovarian function in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Allais
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Océane Albert
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Pavine L C Lefèvre
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Sciences and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G1Y6, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G1Y6, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Gouesse RJ, Dianati E, McDermott A, Wade MG, Hales B, Robaire B, Plante I. In Utero and Lactational Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants Induces a Premature Development of the Mammary Glands. Toxicol Sci 2021; 179:206-219. [PMID: 33252648 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero and prepubertal development of the mammary glands occurs minimally in a hormone independent manner until puberty where maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis drives an extensive remodeling. Nevertheless, because the immature glands contain functional hormone receptors, they are especially vulnerable to the effects of endocrine disruptors, such as brominated flame retardants (BFRs). BFRs are widespread chemicals added to household objects to reduce their flammability, and to which humans are ubiquitously exposed. We previously reported that in utero and lactational exposure to BFRs resulted in an impaired mammary gland development in peripubertal animals. Here, we assessed whether BFR-induced disruption of mammary gland development could manifest earlier in life. Dams were exposed prior to mating until pups' weaning to a BFR mixture (0, 0.06, 20, or 60 mg/kg/day) formulated according to levels found in house dust. The mammary glands of female offspring were collected at weaning. Histo-morphological analyses showed that exposure to 0.06 mg/kg/day accelerates global epithelial development as demonstrated by a significant increase in total epithelial surface area, associated with a tendency to increase of the ductal area and thickness, and of lumen area. Significant increases of the Ki67 cell proliferation index and of the early apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-9 were also observed, as well as an upward trend in the number of thyroid hormone receptor α1 positive cells. These molecular, histologic, and morphometric changes are suggestive of accelerated pubertal development. Thus, our results suggest that exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of BFRs induces precocious development of the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elham Dianati
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Alec McDermott
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Health Canada, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Barbara Hales
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Isabelle Plante
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
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12
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Dong H, Godlewska M, Wade MG. A rapid assay of human thyroid peroxidase activity. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 62:104662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Dong H, Atlas E, Wade MG. Development of a non-radioactive screening assay to detect chemicals disrupting the human sodium iodide symporter activity. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 57:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Wade MG, Kawata A, Rigden M, Caldwell D, Holloway AC. Toxicity of Flame Retardant Isopropylated Triphenyl Phosphate: Liver, Adrenal, and Metabolic Effects. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:279-290. [PMID: 31132918 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819851502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of organophosphates phosphate flame retardants, particularly isopropylated triphenyl phosphate (IPTPP), has increased in recent years as replacements for polybrominated diphenyl ethers. This is despite limited understanding of the hazards of IPTPP. To examine the general and endocrine toxicity of IPTPP, adult Wistar rats were fed for 90 days on diets containing IPTPP estimated to deliver daily doses of 5 to 140 mg/kg/d. Exposure to IPTPP caused a dose-related increase in liver and adrenal gland weight in both sexes. Cells in the zona fasciculate (ZF) of the adrenal cortex were observed to be filled with droplets that stained with Nile red, suggesting they contained neutral lipid. Despite marked structural changes, there was no change in basal or stress-induced serum levels of their major secreted ZF product corticosterone (B), suggesting cell function was not altered. There were no effects on responses to glucose or insulin challenge, but serum levels of fructosamine were elevated by IPTPP exposure, suggesting a slight tendency of exposed animals to be hyperglycemic. Serum levels of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly elevated in both sexes at the 2 highest doses. This study demonstrates that IPTPP exposure causes hypertrophy and neutral lipid accumulation in adrenal cortex ZF cells but does not result in impaired B production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Wade
- 1 Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Kawata
- 1 Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Rigden
- 1 Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Don Caldwell
- 2 Scientific Services Division, Health Products and Foods Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- 3 Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Dianati E, Wade MG, Hales BF, Robaire B, Plante I. From the Cover: Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants Decreased p-β-Cateninser675 Expression and Its Interaction With E-Cadherin in the Mammary Glands of Lactating Rats. Toxicol Sci 2018; 159:114-123. [PMID: 28903489 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper mammary gland development and function require precise hormonal regulation and bidirectional cross talk between cells provided by means of paracrine factors as well as intercellular junctions; exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors can disturb these processes. Exposure to one such family of chemicals, the brominated flame retardants (BFRs), is ubiquitous. Here, we tested the hypothesis that BFR exposures disrupt signaling pathways and intercellular junctions that control mammary gland development. Before mating, during pregnancy and throughout lactation, female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing that BFR mixture based on house dust, delivering nominal exposures of BFR of 0 (control), 0.06, 20, or 60 mg/kg/d. Dams were euthanized and mammary glands collected on postnatal day 21. BFR exposure had no significant effects on mammary gland/body weight ratios or the levels of proteins involved in milk synthesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell-cell interactions, or hormone signalling. However, BFR exposure (0.06 mg/kg/d) down-regulated phospho-ser675 β-catenin (p-β-catSer675) levels in the absence of any effect on total β-catenin levels. Levels of p-CREB were also down-regulated, suggesting that PKA inhibition plays a role. p-β-catSer675 co-localized with β-catenin at the mammary epithelial cell membrane, and its expression was decreased in animals from the 0.06 and 20 mg/kg/d BFR treatment groups. Although β-Catenin signaling was not affected by BFR exposure, the interaction between p-β-catSer675 and E-cadherin was significantly reduced. Together, our results demonstrate that exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of BFR during pregnancy and lactation decreases p-β-catser675 at cell adhesion sites, likely in a PKA-dependant manner, altering mammary gland signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Dianati
- INRS, Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Biomed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Health Canada, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Plante
- INRS, Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche Biomed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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16
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Wade MG. Mostly “Old wine in new bottles.” Reply to commentaries. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 57:516-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Dong H, Wade MG. Application of a nonradioactive assay for high throughput screening for inhibition of thyroid hormone uptake via the transmembrane transporter MCT8. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:234-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Rath R, Wade MG. The Two Faces of Postural Control in Older Adults: Stability and Function. EBioMedicine 2017; 21:5-6. [PMID: 28392246 PMCID: PMC5514380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rath
- Affordance Perception-Action Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael G Wade
- Affordance Perception-Action Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, USA.
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Tung EWY, Kawata A, Rigden M, Bowers WJ, Caldwell D, Holloway AC, Robaire B, Hales BF, Wade MG. Gestational and Lactational Exposure to an Environmentally-Relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants: Effects on Neurodevelopment and Metabolism. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:497-512. [PMID: 28398660 PMCID: PMC5434666 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental exposure to brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment and some symptoms of metabolic syndrome. However, there are inconsistencies in studies reporting neurodevelopmental effects with studies of pure substances more likely to report effects than studies of technical products. In addition, the influence of early BFR exposures on later development of metabolic disease-like symptoms has not been investigated. This study examined the effects of perinatal exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of BFRs based on relative levels observed in house dust, on several markers of neurodevelopment and metabolism in offspring. METHODS Sprague-Dawley female rats were fed a diet estimated to deliver daily doses of 0, 0.06, 20, or 60 mg/kg of a mixture of PBDEs and HBCDD from before mating to weaning. Offspring were weaned to control diet and subjected to neurobehavioral and metabolic assessments. RESULTS Exposure to BFRs decreased vertical movement in at postnatal day (PND) 32 and increased time to emerge to a lighted area on PND 105 in offspring of both sexes. Although early life exposure to the BFR mixture did not impact measures of glucose or insulin action, male offspring had significantly decreased fat pad weights at PND 46. Total cholesterol was increased in male and female offspring exposed to the highest dose at PND 21. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that gestational and lactational exposure to an environmentally relevant BFR mixture may induce changes in neurodevelopment and lipid metabolism in offspring. Birth Defects Research 109:497-512, 2017.© 2017 The Authors Birth Defects Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Y Tung
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Kawata
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Rigden
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wayne J Bowers
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Don Caldwell
- Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Munafo J, Wade MG, Stergiou N, Stoffregen TA. The Rim and the Ancient Mariner: The Nautical Horizon Affects Postural Sway in Older Adults. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166900. [PMID: 27973576 PMCID: PMC5156431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
On land, the spatial magnitude of postural sway (i.e., the amount of sway) tends to be greater when participants look at the horizon than when they look at nearby targets. By contrast, on ships at sea, the spatial magnitude of postural sway in young adults has been greater when looking at nearby targets and less when looking at the horizon. Healthy aging is associated with changes in the movement patterns of the standing body sway, and these changes typically are interpreted in terms of age-related declines in the ability to control posture. To further elucidate the mechanisms associated with these changes we investigated control of posture in a setting that poses substantial postural challenges; standing on a ship at sea. In particular, we explored postural sway on a ship at sea when older adults looked at the horizon or at nearby targets. We evaluated the kinematics of the center of pressure in terms of spatial magnitude (i.e., the amount of sway) and multifractality (a measure of temporal dynamics). We found that looking at the horizon significantly affected the multifractality of standing body, but did not systematically influence the spatial magnitude of sway. We discuss the results in terms of age-related changes in the perception and control of dynamic body orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Munafo
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Wade
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Department of Biomechanics and the Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Stoffregen
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Farmahin R, Williams A, Kuo B, Chepelev NL, Thomas RS, Barton-Maclaren TS, Curran IH, Nong A, Wade MG, Yauk CL. Recommended approaches in the application of toxicogenomics to derive points of departure for chemical risk assessment. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2045-2065. [PMID: 27928627 PMCID: PMC5399047 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the use of quantitative transcriptomic data to determine benchmark dose (BMD) and estimate a point of departure (POD) for human health risk assessment. Although studies have shown that transcriptional PODs correlate with those derived from apical endpoint changes, there is no consensus on the process used to derive a transcriptional POD. Specifically, the subsets of informative genes that produce BMDs that best approximate the doses at which adverse apical effects occur have not been defined. To determine the best way to select predictive groups of genes, we used published microarray data from dose–response studies on six chemicals in rats exposed orally for 5, 14, 28, and 90 days. We evaluated eight approaches for selecting genes for POD derivation and three previously proposed approaches (the lowest pathway BMD, and the mean and median BMD of all genes). The relationship between transcriptional BMDs derived using these 11 approaches and PODs derived from apical data that might be used in chemical risk assessment was examined. Transcriptional BMD values for all 11 approaches were remarkably aligned with corresponding apical PODs, with the vast majority of toxicogenomics PODs being within tenfold of those derived from apical endpoints. We identified at least four approaches that produce BMDs that are effective estimates of apical PODs across multiple sampling time points. Our results support that a variety of approaches can be used to derive reproducible transcriptional PODs that are consistent with PODs produced from traditional methods for chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Farmahin
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Byron Kuo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Nikolai L Chepelev
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Russell S Thomas
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Tara S Barton-Maclaren
- Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ivan H Curran
- Toxicology Research Division, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andy Nong
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Wade MG, Kazeck M. Developmental coordination disorder and its cause: The road less travelled. Hum Mov Sci 2016; 57:489-500. [PMID: 27876401 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We critically review the research literature that seeks to focus on the possible cause of children diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). In so doing we contrast the traditional information processing (IP) approach as a model to explain the causal factors that account for the motor deficits present in children with DCD, with a dynamical systems (DS) account which argues that coordination deficits in children with DCD is less to do with problems of poor internal models (a cornerstone of IP theory) and more with a degrading of perception-action coupling. We review and comment on the extant empirical data and conclusions of both approaches. We conclude that the data for an IP explanation is weak and a reconsideration of DCD is in order with respect to the underlying cause of this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Wade
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Makinzee Kazeck
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Tung EWY, Yan H, Lefèvre PLC, Berger RG, Rawn DFK, Gaertner DW, Kawata A, Rigden M, Robaire B, Hales BF, Wade MG. Gestational and Early Postnatal Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants: General Toxicity and Skeletal Variations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 107:157-68. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily W. Y. Tung
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Pavine L. C. Lefèvre
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Robert G. Berger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Dorothea F. K. Rawn
- Food Research Division; Bureau of Chemical Safety; Health Products and Food Branch; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Dean W. Gaertner
- Food Research Division; Bureau of Chemical Safety; Health Products and Food Branch; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Alice Kawata
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Marc Rigden
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; Montréal Quebec Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; McGill University; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Barbara F. Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; McGill University; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - Michael G. Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau; Health Canada; Ottawa Ontario Canada
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Thomson EM, Pal S, Guénette J, Wade MG, Atlas E, Holloway AC, Williams A, Vincent R. Ozone Inhalation Provokes Glucocorticoid-Dependent and -Independent Effects on Inflammatory and Metabolic Pathways. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:17-28. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Dong H, Curran I, Williams A, Bondy G, Yauk CL, Wade MG. Hepatic miRNA profiles and thyroid hormone homeostasis in rats exposed to dietary potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 41:201-210. [PMID: 26724606 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) has been widely used in a variety of industrial and commercial applications as a surfactant and stain repellent. PFOS causes liver damage (including liver tumors) in experimental animals, primarily via interaction with PPARα and CAR/PXR. We investigated the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in PFOS-induced hepatotoxicity, and mechanisms involved in abnormal thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis, in the livers of adult male rats exposed in feed to 50mg PFOS/kg diet for 28 days. PFOS-treated rats exhibited expected histopathological and clinical chemistry changes, and global gene expression changes consistent with the involvement of PPARα and CAR/PXR. Thirty-eight miRNAs were significantly altered. Three members of the miR-200 family were the most increased, while miR-122-5p and miR-21-5p were the most decreased, in PFOS-treated rats. Expression of the miR-23b-3p/27b-3p/24-3p cluster also decreased in PFOS-treated animals. Pathway analysis of miRNAs and associated gene expression changes suggests involvement of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a primary process of tumor cell motility and cancer metastasis. Our analysis also revealed transcripts that may mediate PFOS-induced effects on TH homeostasis including: activation of the CAR/PXR pathway, phase II/III enzymes, and deiodinase. These changes are consistent with low serum TH due to enhanced metabolic clearance of TH. However, most TH hepatic target genes were not altered in a manner consistent with reduced TH signaling, suggesting that PFOS exposure did not induce functional hypothyroidism. Collectively, the study suggests an important role for miRNAs in PFOS-induced hepatotoxicity and provides insight into the effects of PFOS on TH homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Dong
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Ivan Curran
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Genevieve Bondy
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9.
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Lefèvre PLC, Berger RG, Ernest SR, Gaertner DW, Rawn DFK, Wade MG, Robaire B, Hales BF. Exposure of Female Rats to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Brominated Flame Retardants Targets the Ovary, Affecting Folliculogenesis and Steroidogenesis. Biol Reprod 2015; 94:9. [PMID: 26607716 PMCID: PMC4809562 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.134452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are incorporated into various consumer products to prevent flame propagation. These compounds leach into the domestic environment, resulting in chronic exposure and contamination. Pregnancy failure is associated with high levels of BFRs in human follicular fluid, raising serious questions regarding their impact on female reproductive health. The goal of this study is to elucidate the effects of an environmentally relevant BFR mixture on female rat ovarian functions (i.e., folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis). A BFR dietary mixture formulated to mimic the relative BFR congener levels in North American house dust was administered to adult female Sprague-Dawley rats from 2 to 3 wk before mating until Gestational Day 20; these diets were designed to deliver nominal doses of 0, 0.06, 20, or 60 mg/kg/day of the BFR mixture. Exposure to BFRs triggered an approximately 50% increase in the numbers of preantral and antral follicles and an enlargement of the antral follicles in the ovaries of the dams. A significant reduction in the expression of catalase, an antioxidant enzyme, and downregulation of the expression of insulin-like factor 3 (Insl3) and 17alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp17a1) were observed in the ovary. In addition, BFR exposure affected steroidogenesis; we observed a significant decrease in circulating 17-hydroxypregnenolone and an increase in testosterone concentrations in BFR-exposed dams. Thus, BFRs target ovarian function in the rat, adversely affecting both folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavine L C Lefèvre
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert G Berger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sheila R Ernest
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dean W Gaertner
- Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorothea F K Rawn
- Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Radiation and Research Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Dong H, Gill S, Curran IH, Williams A, Kuo B, Wade MG, Yauk CL. Toxicogenomic assessment of liver responses following subchronic exposure to furan in Fischer F344 rats. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1351-67. [PMID: 26194646 PMCID: PMC4873526 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Furan is a widely used industrial chemical and a contaminant in heated foods. Chronic furan exposure causes cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular tumors in rats at doses of 2 mg/kg bw/day or greater, with gender differences in frequency and severity. The hepatic transcriptional alterations induced by low doses of furan (doses below those previously tested for induction of liver tumors) and the potential mechanisms underlying gender differences are largely unexplored. We used DNA microarrays to examine the global hepatic mRNA and microRNA transcriptional profiles of male and female rats exposed to 0, 0.03, 0.12, 0.5 or 2 mg/kg bw/day furan over 90 days. Marked gender differences in gene expression responses to furan were observed, with many more altered genes in exposed males than females, confirming the increased sensitivity of males even at the low doses. Pathway analysis supported that key events in furan-induced liver tumors in males include gene expression changes related to oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory response, while pathway changes in females were consistent with primarily adaptive responses. Pathway benchmark doses (BMDs) were estimated and compared to relevant apical endpoints. Transcriptional pathway BMDs could only be examined in males. These median BMDs ranged from 0.08 to 1.43 mg/kg bw/day and approximated those derived from traditional histopathology. MiR-34a (a P53 target) was the only microRNA significantly increased at the 2 mg/kg bw/day, providing evidence to support the importance of apoptosis and cell proliferation in furan hepatotoxicity. Overall, this study demonstrates the use of transcriptional profiling to discern mode of action and mechanisms involved in gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Dong
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Santokh Gill
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ivan H Curran
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Byron Kuo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Munafo J, Wade MG, Stergiou N, Stoffregen TA. Subjective Reports and Postural Performance Among Older Adult Passengers on a Sea Voyage. Ecological Psychology 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10407413.2015.1027127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wade MG, Tsai CL, Stoffregen T, Chang CH, Chen FC. Perception of Object Length Via Manual Wielding in Children With and Without Developmental Coordination Disorder. J Mot Behav 2015; 48:13-9. [DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2015.1025902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jor'dan AJ, McCarten JR, Rottunda S, Stoffregen TA, Manor B, Wade MG. Dementia alters standing postural adaptation during a visual search task in older adult men. Neurosci Lett 2015; 593:101-6. [PMID: 25770830 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dementia on standing postural adaptation during performance of a visual search task. We recruited 16 older adults with dementia and 15 without dementia. Postural sway was assessed by recording medial-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) center-of-pressure when standing with and without a visual search task; i.e., counting target letter frequency within a block of displayed randomized letters. ML sway variability was significantly higher in those with dementia during visual search as compared to those without dementia and compared to both groups during the control condition. AP sway variability was significantly greater in those with dementia as compared to those without dementia, irrespective of task condition. In the ML direction, the absolute and percent change in sway variability between the control condition and visual search (i.e., postural adaptation) was greater in those with dementia as compared to those without. In contrast, postural adaptation to visual search was similar between groups in the AP direction. As compared to those without dementia, those with dementia identified fewer letters on the visual task. In the non-dementia group only, greater increases in postural adaptation in both the ML and AP direction, correlated with lower performance on the visual task. The observed relationship between postural adaptation during the visual search task and visual search task performance--in the non-dementia group only--suggests a critical link between perception and action. Dementia reduces the capacity to perform a visual-based task while standing and thus, appears to disrupt this perception-action synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizah J Jor'dan
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 1900 University Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - J Riley McCarten
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1 Veterans Dr., Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Susan Rottunda
- Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1 Veterans Dr., Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
| | - Thomas A Stoffregen
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 1900 University Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brad Manor
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, 1200Center St, Boston, MA 02131, USA
| | - Michael G Wade
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 1900 University Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Chen FC, Tsai CL, Biltz GR, Stoffregen TA, Wade MG. Variations in cognitive demand affect heart rate in typically developing children and children at risk for developmental coordination disorder. Res Dev Disabil 2015; 38:362-371. [PMID: 25590173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a diagnosis for children who present with movement difficulties, but are of normal intelligence without neurological deficits. Previous studies have demonstrated that children with DCD exhibit perceptual deficits and lower cognition performance. To date, their autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses during tasks requiring cognitive and perceptual effort have not been compared to typically developing children (TDC). OBJECTIVE The present study investigated heart rate variability (HRV) as a marker for ANS response differences between DCD and TDC, and the impact of different levels of task difficulty. METHODS Participants were 60 individuals (9-10 years); 30 children at risk for DCD, and 30 TDC. Each participant performed two tasks each of which demanded enhanced cognitive effort: a visual signal detection task and a digit memory task-each task had two levels of difficulty, low (LD) and high (HD). Heart rate responses were continuously recorded during performance of each task. Frequency domain analysis and heart rate sample entropy (SampEn) were computed to determine ANS responses in each of the tasks. RESULTS HRV differences were detected between the two levels of task difficulty, LD and HD, for the visual signal detection task, but not for the digit memory task. HRV differences between LD and HD conditions were greater for TDC children than DCD when engaged in visual signal detection task, compare to the memory task. INTERPRETATION The results suggest that children at risk for DCD may show decreased HRV as a marker for altered ANS responses and potential deficits in the linkage between their perceptions and actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Chen
- National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - C L Tsai
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - G R Biltz
- University of Minnesota, School of Kinesiology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - T A Stoffregen
- University of Minnesota, School of Kinesiology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M G Wade
- University of Minnesota, School of Kinesiology, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Poon S, Wade MG, Aleksa K, Rawn DFK, Carnevale A, Gaertner DW, Sadler A, Breton F, Koren G, Ernest SR, Lalancette C, Robaire B, Hales BF, Goodyer CG. Hair as a biomarker of systemic exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:14650-14658. [PMID: 25387207 DOI: 10.1021/es502789h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of using hair as a biomarker for exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants was assessed in humans and an animal model. Paired human hair and serum samples were obtained from adult men and women (n = 50). In parallel, hair, serum, liver, and fat were collected from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to increasing doses of the PBDE mixture found in house dust for 70 days via the diet. All samples were analyzed by GC-MS for eight common PBDEs: BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183, and -209. Paired human hair and serum samples had five congeners (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, and -154) with significant individual correlations (0.345-0.566). In rat samples, BDE-28 and BDE-183 were frequently below the level of detection. Significant correlations were observed for BDE-47, -99, -100, -153, -154, and -209 in rat hair, serum, liver, and fat across doses, with r values ranging from 0.803 to 0.988; weaker correlations were observed between hair and other tissues when data from the lowest dose group or for BDE-209 were analyzed. Thus, human and rat hair PBDE measurements correlate strongly with those in alternative matrices, validating the use of hair as a noninvasive biomarker of long-term PBDE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Poon
- Hospital for Sick Children , 555 University Avenue , Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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Tung EWY, Boudreau A, Wade MG, Atlas E. Induction of adipocyte differentiation by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in 3T3-L1 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94583. [PMID: 24722056 PMCID: PMC3983240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of brominated flame retardants that were extensively used in commercial products. PBDEs are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that are both lipophilic and bioaccumulative. Effects of PBDEs on adipogenesis were studied in the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell model in the presence and absence of a known adipogenic agent, dexamethasone (DEX). A PBDE mixture designed to mimic body burden of North Americans was tested, in addition to the technical mixture DE-71 and the individual congener BDE-47. The mixture, DE-71, and BDE-47 all induced adipocyte differentiation as assessed by markers for terminal differentiation [fatty acid binding protein 4 (aP2) and perilipin] and lipid accumulation. Characterization of the differentiation process in response to PBDEs indicated that adipogenesis induced by a minimally effective dose of DEX was enhanced by these PBDEs. Moreover, C/EBPα, PPARγ, and LXRα were induced late in the differentiation process. Taken together, these data indicate that adipocyte differentiation is induced by PBDEs; they act in the absence of glucocorticoid and enhance glucocorticoid-mediated adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W. Y. Tung
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adèle Boudreau
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G. Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ella Atlas
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Juberg DR, Borghoff SJ, Becker RA, Casey W, Hartung T, Holsapple MP, Marty MS, Mihaich EM, Van Der Kraak G, Wade MG, Willett CE, Andersen ME, Borgert CJ, Coady KK, Dourson ML, Fowle JR, Gray LE, Lamb JC, Ortego LS, Schug TT, Toole CM, Zorrilla LM, Kroner OL, Patterson J, Rinckel LA, Jones BR. Lessons learned, challenges, and opportunities: the U.S. Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program. ALTEX 2013; 31:63-78. [PMID: 24114257 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1309171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In 1996, the U.S. Congress passed the Food Quality Protection Act and amended the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) requiring the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to implement a screening program to investigate the potential of pesticide chemicals and drinking water contaminants to adversely affect endocrine pathways. Consequently, the EPA launched the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) to develop and validate estrogen, androgen, and thyroid (EAT) pathway screening assays and to produce standardized and harmonized test guidelines for regulatory application. In 2009, the EPA issued the first set of test orders for EDSP screening and a total of 50 pesticide actives and 2 inert ingredients have been evaluated using the battery of EDSP Tier 1 screening assays (i.e., five in vitro assays and six in vivo assays). To provide a framework for retrospective analysis of the data generated and to collect the insight of multiple stakeholders involved in the testing, more than 240 scientists from government, industry, academia, and non-profit organizations recently participated in a workshop titled "Lessons Learned, Challenges, and Opportunities: The U.S. Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program." The workshop focused on the science and experience to date and was organized into three focal sessions: (a) Performance of the EDSP Tier 1 Screening Assays for Estrogen, Androgen, and Thyroid Pathways; (b) Practical Applications of Tier 1 Data; and (c) Indications and Opportunities for Future Endocrine Testing. A number of key learnings and recommendations related to future EDSP evaluations emanated from the collective sessions.
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Sun Y, Bak B, Schoenmakers N, van Trotsenburg ASP, Oostdijk W, Voshol P, Cambridge E, White JK, le Tissier P, Gharavy SNM, Martinez-Barbera JP, Stokvis-Brantsma WH, Vulsma T, Kempers MJ, Persani L, Campi I, Bonomi M, Beck-Peccoz P, Zhu H, Davis TME, Hokken-Koelega ACS, Del Blanco DG, Rangasami JJ, Ruivenkamp CAL, Laros JFJ, Kriek M, Kant SG, Bosch CAJ, Biermasz NR, Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Corssmit EP, Hovens GCJ, Pereira AM, den Dunnen JT, Wade MG, Breuning MH, Hennekam RC, Chatterjee K, Dattani MT, Wit JM, Bernard DJ. Loss-of-function mutations in IGSF1 cause an X-linked syndrome of central hypothyroidism and testicular enlargement. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1375-81. [PMID: 23143598 PMCID: PMC3511587 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Congenital central hypothyroidism occurs either in isolation or in conjunction with other pituitary hormone deficits. Using exome and candidate gene sequencing, we identified 8 distinct mutations and 2 deletions in IGSF1 in males from 11 unrelated families with central hypothyroidism, testicular enlargement and variably low prolactin concentrations. IGSF1 is a membrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in the anterior pituitary gland, and the identified mutations impair its trafficking to the cell surface in heterologous cells. Igsf1-deficient male mice show diminished pituitary and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations, reduced pituitary thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor expression, decreased triiodothyronine concentrations and increased body mass. Collectively, our observations delineate a new X-linked disorder in which loss-of-function mutations in IGSF1 cause central hypothyroidism, likely secondary to an associated impairment in pituitary TRH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Koslucher F, Wade MG, Nelson B, Lim K, Chen FC, Stoffregen TA. Nintendo Wii Balance Board is sensitive to effects of visual tasks on standing sway in healthy elderly adults. Gait Posture 2012; 36:605-8. [PMID: 22748469 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that the Nintendo Wii Balance Board (WBB) can reliably detect the quantitative kinematics of the center of pressure in stance. Previous studies used relatively coarse manipulations (1- vs. 2-leg stance, and eyes open vs. closed). We sought to determine whether the WBB could reliably detect postural changes associated with subtle variations in visual tasks. Healthy elderly adults stood on a WBB while performing one of two visual tasks. In the Inspection task, they maintained their gaze within the boundaries of a featureless target. In the Search task, they counted the occurrence of designated target letters within a block of text. Consistent with previous studies using traditional force plates, the positional variability of the center of pressure was reduced during performance of the Search task, relative to movement during performance of the Inspection task. Using detrended fluctuation analysis, a measure of movement dynamics, we found that COP trajectories were more predictable during performance of the Search task than during performance of the Inspection task. The results indicate that the WBB is sensitive to subtle variations in both the magnitude and dynamics of body sway that are related to variations in visual tasks engaged in during stance. The WBB is an inexpensive, reliable technology that can be used to evaluate subtle characteristics of body sway in large or widely dispersed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Koslucher
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, United States
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Ernest SR, Wade MG, Lalancette C, Ma YQ, Berger RG, Robaire B, Hales BF. Effects of chronic exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of brominated flame retardants on the reproductive and thyroid system in adult male rats. Toxicol Sci 2012; 127:496-507. [PMID: 22387749 PMCID: PMC3355309 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are incorporated into a wide variety of consumer products, are readily released into home and work environments, and are present in house dust. Studies using animal models have revealed that exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may impair adult male reproductive function and thyroid hormone physiology. Such studies have generally characterized the outcome of acute or chronic exposure to a single BFR technical mixture or congener but not the impact of environmentally relevant BFR mixtures. We tested whether exposure to the BFRs found in house dust would have an adverse impact on the adult male rat reproductive system and thyroid function. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a complex BFR mixture composed of three commercial brominated diphenyl ethers (52.1% DE-71, 0.4% DE-79, and 44.2% decaBDE-209) and hexabromocyclododecane (3.3%), formulated to mimic the relative congener levels in house dust. BFRs were delivered in the diet at target doses of 0, 0.02, 0.2, 2, or 20 mg/kg/day for 70 days. Compared with controls, males exposed to the highest dose of BFRs displayed a significant increase in the weights of the kidneys and liver, which was accompanied by induction of CYP1A and CYP2B P450 hepatic drug–metabolizing enzymes. BFR exposure did not affect reproductive organ weights, serum testosterone levels, testicular function, or sperm DNA integrity. The highest dose caused thyroid toxicity as indicated by decreased serum thyroxine (T4) and hypertrophy of the thyroid gland epithelium. At lower doses, the thickness of the thyroid gland epithelium was reduced, but no changes in hormone levels (T4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone) were observed. Thus, exposure to BFRs affected liver and thyroid physiology but not male reproductive parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila R Ernest
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
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Chen FC, Tsai CL, Stoffregen TA, Chang CH, Wade MG. Postural adaptations to a suprapostural memory task among children with and without developmental coordination disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol 2012; 54:155-9. [PMID: 21883171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study investigated the effects of varying the cognitive demands of a memory task (a suprapostural task) while recording postural motion on two groups of children, one diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and an age-matched group of typically developing children. METHOD Two groups, each comprising 38 child volunteers (21 males, 17 females) aged 9 to 10 years, participated in the study. Each child performed a digital memory task at two levels of difficulty, low and high. Positional variability (standard deviation of position) of the head and torso were recorded as the biomechanical responses to the variation in task difficulty. RESULTS Both groups significantly reduced postural motion when engaged in the high-difficulty condition (p<0.05) compared with the low-difficulty condition. Children with DCD exhibited significantly higher levels of postural motion (p<0.05) than the typically developing children. The typically developing children significantly reduced their postural motion in the high-difficulty condition (p<0.05) compared with the low-difficulty condition, whereas children with DCD did not. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that the postural responses of children with DCD differ from those of typically developing children while engaging in a memory task with various levels of difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Chen
- Affordance Perception and Action Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Dong H, Yauk CL, Wade MG. Barhl1 is directly regulated by thyroid hormone in the developing cerebellum of mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 415:157-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Chen FC, Tsai CL, Stoffregen TA, Wade MG. Postural responses to a suprapostural visual task among children with and without developmental coordination disorder. Res Dev Disabil 2011; 32:1948-1956. [PMID: 21536408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We sought to determine the effects of varying the perceptual demands of a suprapostural visual task on the postural activity of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and typically developing children (TDC). Sixty-four (32 per group) children aged between 9 and 10 years participated. In a within-participants design, each child performed a signal detection task at two levels of difficulty, low (LD) and high difficulty (HD). During performance of the signal detection tasks we recorded positional variability of the head and torso using a magnetic tracking system. We found that task difficulty had a greater effect on task performance among the TDC group than among children with DCD. Overall positional variability was greater the DCD group than in the TDC group. In the TDC group, positional variability was reduced during performance of the HD task, relative to sway during performance of the LD task. In the DCD group, positional variability was greater during performance of the HD task than during performance of the LD task. In children, DCD may reduce the strength of functional integration of postural activity with the demands of suprapostural visual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Chen
- Affordance Perception Action Laboratory (APAL), School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minnespolis, MN 55455, USA
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Abstract
There is an increasing concern that chemicals in the environment are contributing to the global rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is limited evidence for direct effects of these chemicals on beta cell function. Therefore, the goals of this study were (1) to test the hypothesis that environmental contaminants can directly affect beta cell function and (2) examine mechanistic pathways by which these contaminants could affect beta cell function. Using mouse beta TC-6 cells, we examined the acute effects of 6 substances (benzo[a]pyrene, bisphenol A [BPA], propylparaben, methylparaben, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorooctyl sulfone) on insulin secretion. Only BPA treatment directly affected insulin secretion. Furthermore, chronic exposure to BPA altered the expression of key proteins in the cellular and endoplasmic reticulum stress response. These data suggest that long-term BPA exposure may be detrimental to beta cell function and ultimately be an important contributor to the etiology of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Makaji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G. Wade
- Systemic Toxcology and Pharmacokinetics Section, Environmental and Occupational Division, Environmental Health Science Bureau, Health Canada, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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Chen FC, Stoffregen TA, Wade MG. Postural Adaptations To Supra-postural Tasks in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder. BIO Web of Conferences 2011. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20110100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Motion of a ship at sea creates challenges for control of the body. Anecdotal reports suggest that the body can be stabilized by standing on the open deck and looking at the horizon. This advice contrasts with land-based findings that looking at the horizon leads to increased body sway. We measured standing body sway in experienced maritime crew members on land and at sea. On land, body sway was greater when subjects looked at the horizon than when they did not—the classical effect. At sea, body sway was greater in a closed cabin than on the open deck. On the open deck, body sway when looking at the horizon was reduced relative to sway when looking at middistance targets on the ship. The results are consistent with centuries of anecdotal advice given to sea travelers and raise new questions about the referents that are used for the control of standing posture.
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Chang CH, Wade MG, Stoffregen TA, Hsu CY, Pan CY. Visual tasks and postural sway in children with and without autism spectrum disorders. Res Dev Disabil 2010; 31:1536-1542. [PMID: 20598853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influences of two different suprapostural visual tasks, visual searching and visual inspection, on the postural sway of children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Sixteen ASD children (age=8.75±1.34 years; height=130.34±11.03 cm) were recruited from a local support group. Individuals with an intellectual disability as a co-occurring condition and those with severe behavior problems that required formal intervention were excluded. Twenty-two sex- and age-matched typically developing (TD) children (age=8.93±1.39 years; height=133.47±8.21 cm) were recruited from a local public elementary school. Postural sway was recorded using a magnetic tracking system (Flock of Birds, Ascension Technologies, Inc., Burlington, VT). Results indicated that the ASD children exhibited greater sway than the TD children. Despite this difference, both TD and ASD children showed reduced sway during the search task, relative to sway during the inspection task. These findings replicate those of Stoffregen et al. (2000), Stoffregen, Giveans, et al. (2009), Stoffregen, Villard, et al. (2009) and Prado et al. (2007) and extend them to TD children as well as ASD children. Both TD and ASD children were able to functionally modulate postural sway to facilitate the performance of a task that required higher perceptual effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hui Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan
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Hackney JM, Wade MG, Larson C, Smith JP, Rakow J. Impairment in people with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adjusting ground reaction force in running. Physiother Theory Pract 2010; 26:289-96. [DOI: 10.3109/09593980903164066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Langlois VS, Carew AC, Pauli BD, Wade MG, Cooke GM, Trudeau VL. Low levels of the herbicide atrazine alter sex ratios and reduce metamorphic success in Rana pipiens tadpoles raised in outdoor mesocosms. Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118:552-7. [PMID: 20368127 PMCID: PMC2854734 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are conflicting reports regarding the effects of atrazine (ATZ) on amphibian development. Therefore, further studies are needed to examine the potential mechanisms of action of ATZ in amphibians. OBJECTIVES Our aim in this study was to determine whether low concentrations of ATZ affect gonadal development and metamorphosis in the Northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. METHODS Tadpoles were exposed in outdoor mesocosms to nominal concentrations of 0.1 and 1.8 microg/L of formulated ATZ from Gosner stage 27 (G27) to metamorphic climax (G42). Exposure to 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2; 1.5 microg/L) provided a positive control for induction of testicular oocytes in males. Endocrine-related gene expression and gonadal histopathology were examined at G42 and in a subset of premetamorphic G34 tadpoles that failed to metamorphose. RESULTS Gonadal gross morphology revealed that the 1.8-microg/L ATZ treatment produced 20% more females compared with the control. Histologic analysis revealed that 22% of EE2-treated males had testicular oocytes, whereas none were observed in any animals from the control or either ATZ groups. ATZ increased brain estrogen receptor alpha mRNA to 2.5 times that of the control at premetamorphosis and altered liver levels of 5beta-reductase activity at metamorphosis. In contrast, brain aromatase mRNA level and activity did not change. ATZ treatments significantly reduced metamorphic success (number of animals reaching metamorphosis) without affecting body weight, snout-vent length, or age at metamorphosis. Gene expression analysis indicated that ATZ decreased the expression of deiodinase type 3 in the tail at premetamorphosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that exposure to low concentrations of ATZ in experimental mesocosms alters gonadal differentiation and metamorphosis in developing R. pipiens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie S. Langlois
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics (CAREG), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda C. Carew
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics (CAREG), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Gerard M. Cooke
- Toxicology Research Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vance L. Trudeau
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics (CAREG), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Address correspondence to V.L. Trudeau, Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics (CAREG), Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5. Telephone: (613) 562-5800. Fax: (613) 562-5486. E-mail:
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Abstract
The authors investigated the perception of affordances for aperture passage in an environment-person-person (E-P-P) system, which comprised an adult perceiver and a child as a companion. Perceivers were 8 large and 8 small female undergraduates and were companioned with 1 large and 1 small girl. The perceivers perceptually judged the minimum aperture width for the E-P-P system, and then the adult-child dyads (a pair of people) actually walked through to determine the system's actual minimum aperture width. Results demonstrated that perceivers precisely judged the action capabilities of an E-P-P system on the basis of the body-scaled information of each adult-child dyad. The findings extended the previous concept of affordances for an environment-person system to affordances for an E-P-P system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hui Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan.
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Duarte-Guterman P, Langlois VS, Hodgkinson K, Pauli BD, Cooke GM, Wade MG, Trudeau VL. The aromatase inhibitor fadrozole and the 5-reductase inhibitor finasteride affect gonadal differentiation and gene expression in the frog Silurana tropicalis. Sex Dev 2010; 3:333-41. [PMID: 20130388 DOI: 10.1159/000280586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase (cyp19) and the 5alpha- and 5beta-reductases (srd5alpha and srd5beta) are important enzymes for vertebrate sexual development. We investigated the effects of inhibition of cyp19 by fadrozole (FAD), and srd5alpha and srd5beta by finasteride (FIN) during anuran larval development. Chronic exposures of Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis from Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 12 until stage 60 were performed using either 2 microM FAD or 25 microM FIN. Histological analysis of exposed metamorphic frogs revealed that both treatments induced intersex individuals (presence of testicular oocytes). FAD treatment resulted in 55% male, 30% female and 15% intersex, while FIN treatment produced 27% male, 53% female and 20% intersex. Real-time RT-PCR analysis of hepatic sex steroid- and thyroid hormone-related gene expression demonstrated that FAD-induced intersex animals had higher srd5alpha1, srd5alpha2 and eralpha mRNA levels than control and FAD males. In contrast, FIN-induced intersex had low srd5alpha1, srd5alpha2, srd5beta and dio3 and high dio2 mRNA levels. FIN-treated males exhibited high trbeta, dio2 and a lower dio3 mRNA levels. We conclude that chemically induced intersex animals display different gene expression profiles than non-exposed animals and that, although morphologically similar, intersex animals produced by different chemicals have different endocrine pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Duarte-Guterman
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the ability to accurately perceive the limits of action capabilities in children at risk for developmental coordination disorder (DCD). METHODS In Study 1, 9 to 12-year-old children (mean = 10.6 years, SD = 1.09) were identified as at risk for DCD and the accuracy of their perceptual judgments was compared with the judgments of a group of typically developing children (TDC). Two judgment tasks were used: Maximum vertical reach and maximum sitting height. Study 2 tested the hypothesis that a significant correlation would be found between a specific movement task and a related judgment task. Participants were randomly selected (n = 24) 10 and 11-year-old children (mean = 10.5 years, SD = 0.51). RESULTS Magnitude of judgment error (absolute error) on all tasks was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in the DCD group than in the TDC group. Study 2 revealed a significant (p < 0.05) correlation between the movement task and the related perceptual task (r = 0.70). CONCLUSION Compared to a typically developing group, children at risk for DCD made less accurate judgments of the limits of their action capabilities. The accuracy of a perceptual judgment was found to correlate with a related movement skill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Johnson
- School of Kinesiology and Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, USA.
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