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Haynes E, Yabsley MJ, Nemeth NM, Danks ZD, Stasiak I, Garrett KB, Adcock KG, Chamberlain MJ, Ruder MG. Health Assessment of Adult Male Eastern Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) from Western Kentucky, USA. J Wildl Dis 2024:499831. [PMID: 38584308 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-23-00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are an important game species throughout the geographic range. Populations throughout multiple regions of the US have been declining, including in Kentucky, US, raising concerns among managers and resource users. To better understand the overall population health, we performed postmortem examinations and targeted pathogen, mineral, and toxicant testing on 36 adult male, apparently healthy, wild turkeys that were hunter harvested in western Kentucky during April 2018. We found that birds were in fair to good nutritional condition with no significant gross or microscopic lesions. Ticks (Amblyomma spp.) and lice (three species) were present on 94 and 31% of birds, respectively. We commonly detected intestinal nematodes and cestodes and found coccidian oocysts in 39% and capillarid eggs in 6% of birds. The prevalences of lymphoproliferative disease virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus were 39 and 11%, respectively. Spleen samples tested with PCR were positive for Borrelia burgdorferi, Haemoproteus sp., and Leucocytozoon sp. in 11, 83, and 3%, respectively. Based on a subjective histologic assessment of testis tissues, most birds had widespread and abundant sperm present. Mineral analysis and broad toxicant screening on liver samples from 32 turkeys were unremarkable. Further work is needed to assess potential population risk factors and to determine individual- and population-level impacts of pathogens on adults and poults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Haynes
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Michael J Yabsley
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 East Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, 203 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Nicole M Nemeth
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Zachary D Danks
- Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, 1 Sportsman's Lane, Frankfort, Kentucky 40601, USA
| | - Iga Stasiak
- Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, 1 Sportsman's Lane, Frankfort, Kentucky 40601, USA
| | - Kayla B Garrett
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 East Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Kayla G Adcock
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Michael J Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 East Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Mark G Ruder
- Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 589 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Bakner NW, Ulrey EE, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Prospecting during egg laying informs incubation recess movements of eastern wild turkeys. Mov Ecol 2024; 12:4. [PMID: 38229127 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-024-00451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central place foragers must acquire resources and return to a central location after foraging bouts. During the egg laying (hereafter laying) period, females are constrained to a nest location, thus they must familiarize themselves with resources available within their incubation ranges after nest site selection. Use of prospecting behaviors by individuals to obtain knowledge and identify profitable (e.g., resource rich) locations on the landscape can impact demographic outcomes. As such, prospecting has been used to evaluate nest site quality both before and during the reproductive period for a variety of species. METHODS Using GPS data collected from female eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) across the southeastern United States, we evaluated if prospecting behaviors were occurring during laying and what landcover factors influenced prospecting. Specifically, we quantified areas prospected during the laying period using a cluster analysis and the return frequency (e.g., recess movements) to clustered laying patches (150-m diameter buffer around a clustered laying period location) during the incubation period. RESULTS The average proportion of recess movements to prospected locations was 56.9%. Nest fate was positively influenced (μ of posterior distribution with 95% credible 0.19, 0.06-0.37, probability of direction = 99.8%) by the number of patches (90-m diameter buffer around a clustered laying period location) a female visited during incubation recesses. Females selected for areas closer to the nest site, secondary roads, hardwood forest, mixed pine-hardwood forest, water, and shrub/scrub, whereas they avoided pine forest and open-treeless areas. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that having a diverse suite of clustered laying patches to support incubation recesses is impactful to nest fate. As such, local conditions within prospected locations during incubation may be key to successful reproductive output by wild turkeys. We suggest that prospecting could be important to other phenological periods. Furthermore, future research should evaluate how prospecting for brood-rearing locations may occur before or during the incubation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Bakner
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Erin E Ulrey
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Bret A Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Michael J Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Ulrey EE, Wightman PH, Bakner NW, Buckley BR, Fyffe N, Oleson B, Smallwood A, Heffelfinger JR, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Habitat selection of Gould's wild turkeys in southeastern Arizona. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18639. [PMID: 37903898 PMCID: PMC10616159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In semi-arid environments, resources necessary for survival may be unevenly distributed across the landscape. Gould's wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo mexicana) are spatially restricted to mountainous semi-arid areas of southwestern United States and Mexico, and information on their distribution and habitat use is limited. We described how landcover type and topographical features influenced space use and habitat selection by Gould's wild turkeys in southeastern Arizona. We used GPS data from 51 Gould's wild turkeys to describe resource selection during 2016-2017 in southeastern Arizona, USA. We estimated home ranges and calculated resource selection functions using distance from landcover types, slope, aspect, and elevation at used locations and random locations within individual home ranges. Gould's wild turkeys selected areas closer to pine forest and water. Likewise, Gould's wild turkeys selected locations with moderate elevations of 1641 ± 235 m (range = 1223-2971 m), and on north and west facing slopes with a 10° ± 8.5 (range = 0.0-67.4°) incline. Our findings suggest that conserving portions of the landscape with appropriate topography and landcover types as described above will promote habitat availability for Gould's wild turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Ulrey
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Patrick H Wightman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Nicholas W Bakner
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Byron R Buckley
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Nathan Fyffe
- Arizona Game and Fish Department, 5000 Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ, 85086, USA
| | - Brittany Oleson
- Arizona Game and Fish Department, 5000 Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ, 85086, USA
| | - Alex Smallwood
- Arizona Game and Fish Department, 5000 Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ, 85086, USA
| | - James R Heffelfinger
- Arizona Game and Fish Department, 5000 Carefree Highway, Phoenix, AZ, 85086, USA
| | - Michael J Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Bret A Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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Bakner NW, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Behavioral-dependent recursive movements and implications for resource selection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16632. [PMID: 37789205 PMCID: PMC10547709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Within home ranges, animals repeatedly visit certain areas. Recursive movement patterns are widespread throughout the animal kingdom, but are rarely considered when developing resource selection models. We examined how behavioral state-dependent recursive movements influenced reource selection of eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) broods as they aged from day 1 to 28. Because broods become more plastic in behaviors once they begin roosting off the ground, we separated data into broods that were ground roosting (1-13 days) and tree roosting (14-28 days). We used Hidden Markov Models to identify 2 behavioral states (restricted and mobile). We extracted state-specific recursive movements based on states and specific step lengths, which we integrated into a step selection analysis to evaluate resource selection. We found that in a restricted state, ground roosting broods spent less time in areas of mixed pine-hardwoods and more time in areas with greater vegetation density. Tree roosting broods revisited areas closer to shrub/scrub landcover types, and areas with greater vegetation density. Tree roosting broods also spent less time near mixed pine-hardwoods, while spending more time in areas with greater vegetation density. We found that in a mobile state, ground roosting broods revisited areas closer to secondary roads and mixed pine-hardwoods, but farther from hardwoods. Tree roosting broods revisited areas farther from secondary roads and with greater vegetation density. Tree roosting broods also spent more time in areas closer to pine. Resource selection varied depending on behavioral state and recursive movements. However, revisitation and residence time impacted selection in both ground and tree roosting broods. Our findings highlight the need to consider how behaviors can influence movement decisions and ultimately resource selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Bakner
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Bret A Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Michael J Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Brown P, Chen Y, Ivanova M, Leekitcharoenphon P, Parsons C, Niedermeyer J, Gould N, Strules J, Mesa-Cruz JB, Kelly MJ, Hooker MJ, Chamberlain MJ, Olfenbuttel C, DePerno C, Elhanafi D, Kathariou S. Draft Genome Sequences of 158 Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Black Bears (Ursus americanus) in the United States. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023:e0024823. [PMID: 37272806 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00248-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for severe foodborne disease and major economic losses, but its potential reservoirs in natural ecosystems remain poorly understood. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 158 L. monocytogenes strains isolated from black bears (Ursus americanus) in the southeastern United States between 2014 and 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Brown
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Mirena Ivanova
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cameron Parsons
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey Niedermeyer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas Gould
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Strules
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Bernardo Mesa-Cruz
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Integrative Sciences, Harrisburg University, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marcella J Kelly
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael J Hooker
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Christopher DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Driss Elhanafi
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Ulrey EE, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Reproductive asynchrony within social groups of female eastern wild turkeys. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10171. [PMID: 37325717 PMCID: PMC10266966 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination in timing of reproduction is driven by multiple ecological and sociobiological processes for a wide array of species. Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) use a male dominance polygynous mating system, where males communicate with females via elaborate courtship displays and vocalizations at display sites. Most females prefer to mate with dominant males; therefore, asynchronous breeding and nesting may occur which can disproportionately influence individual fitness within breeding groups. For female wild turkeys, there are reproductive advantages associated with earlier nesting. As such, we evaluated reproductive asynchrony within and between groups of GPS-tagged female eastern wild turkeys based on timing of nest initiation. We examined 30 social groups with an average of seven females per group (range 2-15) during 2014-2019 in west central Louisiana. We found that the estimated number of days between first nest initiation across females within groups varied between 3 and 7 days across years, although we expected 1-2 days to occur between successive nesting attempts of females within groups based on observations of captive wild turkeys in the extant literature. The number of days between successive nest attempts across females within groups was lower for successful than failed attempts, and nests with an average of 2.8 days between initiation of another nest were more likely to hatch. Our findings suggest that asynchronous reproduction may influence reproductive success in female wild turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Ulrey
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
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Youngmann JL, Hinton JW, Bakner NW, Chamberlain MJ, D'Angelo GJ. Recursive use of home ranges and seasonal shifts in foraging behavior by a generalist carnivore. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9540. [PMCID: PMC9685673 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Coyotes (Canis latrans) colonized the southeastern United States over the last century as large predators, including the red wolf (Canis rufus) and eastern cougar (Puma concolor), were extirpated from the region. As a generalist carnivore, the coyote preys on white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and various smaller mammals, birds, and vegetation. While resource selection by coyotes has been well documented at the home‐range scale, little is known about their foraging behavior, which is an important factor in thoroughly understanding influences of coyotes on prey and sympatric carnivores. We assessed third‐order resource selection of coyotes at sites across Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina during 2015–2016. Using GPS collars, we tracked 41 resident coyotes across four calendar seasons and identified suspected foraging areas using recursive analysis where individuals repeatedly returned to known locations. We found that resident coyotes selected for open landcover types throughout the year, while avoiding primary and secondary roads. Additionally, resident coyotes avoided forested landcover types while selecting for forest edges except from April to June when they foraged within interior forest away from edges. Previous studies have documented substantive predation rates on white‐tailed deer neonates by coyotes, and that fawn mortality may increase in forested landscapes away from forest edge. Our findings indicate that foraging coyotes may select forest cover types during spring where fawns are more vulnerable to predation. Additionally, there has been debate in the literature as to how coyotes obtain consistent levels of deer in their diets outside of fawning and fall hunting seasons. Our study indicates that use of road‐kill carcasses by coyotes was an unlikely explanation for the presence of deer in coyote diets throughout the year, as coyotes in our study were not observed using roads during foraging excursions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L. Youngmann
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Nicholas W. Bakner
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Gino J. D'Angelo
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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Moscicki DJ, White JH, Hardin JB, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Phenology‐specific space use by Rio Grande wild turkeys. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Moscicki
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Jacob H. White
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | | | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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Buckley BR, Hardin JB, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Survival, harvest, and population size of Rio Grande wild turkeys in Texas. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byron R. Buckley
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | | | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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Bakner NW, Fyffe N, Oleson B, Smallwood A, Heffelfinger JR, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Roosting ecology of Gould's wild turkeys in southeastern Arizona. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Bakner
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Nathan Fyffe
- Arizona Game and Fish Department 5000 Carefree Highway Phoenix AZ 85086 USA
| | - Brittany Oleson
- Arizona Game and Fish Department 5000 Carefree Highway Phoenix AZ 85086 USA
| | - Alex Smallwood
- Arizona Game and Fish Department 5000 Carefree Highway Phoenix AZ 85086 USA
| | | | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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11
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Hinton JW, Chamberlain MJ. Evidence of reduced abundance, density, and survival of coyotes under federal management for red wolf recovery. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
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Nelson SD, Keever AC, Wightman PH, Bakner NW, Argabright CM, Byrne ME, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ, Cohen BS. Fine‐scale resource selection and behavioral tradeoffs of eastern wild turkey broods. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan D. Nelson
- College of Arts and Science Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 38505 USA
| | - Allison C. Keever
- College of Arts and Science Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 38505 USA
| | - Patrick H. Wightman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Nicholas W. Bakner
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Chad M. Argabright
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Michael E. Byrne
- School of Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- College of Arts and Science Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 38505 USA
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Hinton JW, West KM, Sullivan DJ, Frair JL, Chamberlain MJ. The natural history and ecology of melanism in red wolf and coyote populations of the southeastern United States – evidence for Gloger’s rule. BMC ZOOL 2022; 7:33. [PMID: 37170305 PMCID: PMC10127370 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Gloger’s rule postulates that animals should be darker colored in warm and humid regions where dense vegetation and dark environments are common. Although rare in Canis populations, melanism in wolves is more common in North America than other regions globally and is believed to follow Gloger’s rule. In the temperate forests of the southeastern United States, historical records of red wolf (Canis rufus) and coyote (Canis latrans) populations document a consistent presence of melanism. Today, the melanistic phenotype is extinct in red wolves while occurring in coyotes and red wolf-coyote hybrids who occupy the red wolf's historical range. To assess if Gloger’s rule could explain the occurrence and maintenance of melanistic phenotypes in Canis taxa, we investigated differences in morphology, habitat selection, and survival associated with pelage color using body measurements, GPS tracking data, and long-term capture-mark-recapture and radio-telemetry data collected on coyotes and hybrids across the southeastern United States.
Results
We found no correlation between morphometrics and pelage color for Canis taxa. However, we observed that melanistic coyotes and hybrids experienced greater annual survival than did their gray conspecifics. Furthermore, we observed that melanistic coyotes maintained larger home ranges and exhibited greater selection for areas with dense canopy cover and wetlands than did gray coyotes.
Conclusions
In the southeastern United States, pelage color influenced habitat selection by coyotes and annual survival of coyotes and hybrids providing evidence that Gloger’s rule is applicable to canids inhabiting regions with dense canopy cover and wetlands. Greater annual survival rates observed in melanistic Canis may be attributed to better concealment in areas with dense canopy cover such as coastal bottomland forests. We suggest that the larger home range sizes of melanistic coyotes may reflect the trade-off of reduced foraging efficiency in lower quality wetland habitat for improved survival. Larger home ranges and differential use of land cover by melanistic coyotes may facilitate weak assortative mating in eastern coyote populations, in which melanistic animals may have lower success of finding compatible mates in comparison to gray conspecifics. We offer that our observations provide a partial explanation for why melanism is relatively low (< 10%) but consistent within coyote populations throughout southeastern parts of their range.
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Wightman PH, Martin JA, Kilgo JC, Rushton E, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Influence of weather on gobbling activity of male wild turkeys. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9018. [PMID: 35784066 PMCID: PMC9204850 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gobbling activity of Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris; hereafter, turkeys) has been widely studied, focusing on drivers of daily variation. Weather variables are widely believed to influence gobbling activity, but results across studies are contradictory and often equivocal, leading to uncertainty in the relative contribution of weather variables to daily fluctuations in gobbling activity. Previous works relied on road‐based auditory surveys to collect gobbling data, which limits data consistency, duration, and quantity due to logistical difficulties associated with human observers and restricted sampling frames. Development of new methods using autonomous recording units (ARUs) allows researchers to collect continuous data in more locations for longer periods of time, providing the opportunity to delve into factors influencing daily gobbling activity. We used ARUs from 1 March to 31 May to detail gobbling activity across multiple study sites in the southeastern United States during 2014–2018. We used state‐space modeling to investigate the effects of weather variables on daily gobbling activity. Our findings suggest rainfall, greater wind speeds, and greater temperatures negatively affected gobbling activity, whereas increasing barometric pressure positively affected gobbling activity. Therefore, when using daily gobbling activity to make inferences relative to gobbling chronology, reproductive phenology, and hunting season frameworks, stakeholders should recognize and consider the potential influences of extended periods of inclement weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H. Wightman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - James A. Martin
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- Southern Research Station USDA Forest Service New Ellenton South Carolina USA
| | - Emily Rushton
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources – Wildlife Resources Division Social Circle Georgia USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
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15
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Chamberlain MJ, Hatfield M, Collier BA. Status and distribution of wild turkeys in the United States in 2019. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia 180 E. Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Mark Hatfield
- National Wild Turkey Federation 770 Augusta Road Edgefield SC 29824 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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16
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Bakner NW, Cohen BS, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Recursive movements of eastern wild turkey broods in the southeastern United States. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Bakner
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens 30602 GA USA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- College of Arts and Science Tennessee Technological University Cookeville 38505 TN USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens 30602 GA USA
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17
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Sullivan DJ, Wightman PH, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Instances of intraspecific nest parasitism in eastern and Rio Grande wild turkeys. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Sullivan
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia 180 E. Green Street Athens 30602 GA USA
| | - Patrick H. Wightman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia 180 E. Green Street Athens 30602 GA USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia 180 E. Green Street Athens 30602 GA USA
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18
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Sullivan DJ, Little AR, Poteet ML, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Selection of landcover types by translocated female eastern wild turkeys in east Texas. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Sullivan
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia 180 E. Green Street Athens 30602 GA USA
| | - Andrew R. Little
- School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska‐Lincoln 3310 Holdrege Street Lincoln 68583 NE USA
| | - Micah L. Poteet
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 1805 E. Lufkin Avenue Lufkin 75901 TX USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia 180 E. Green Street Athens 30602 GA USA
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19
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Cohen BS, Oleson B, Fyffe N, Smallwood A, Bakner N, Nelson S, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Movement, spatial ecology, and habitat selection of translocated Gould's wild turkeys. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S. Cohen
- College of Arts and Sciences Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 38505 USA
| | | | - Nathan Fyffe
- Arizona Game and Fish Department Phoenix AZ 85086 USA
| | | | - Nick Bakner
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Stefan Nelson
- College of Arts and Sciences Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 38505 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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20
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Moscicki DJ, Gerrits AP, Cantrell JR, Hardin JB, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Hurricane effects on wild turkey survival, daily movements, and roost fidelity. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Moscicki
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA USA
| | - Alaina P. Gerrits
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA USA
| | - Jay R. Cantrell
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Columbia 29202 SC USA
| | | | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens 30602 GA USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA USA
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21
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Sullivan DJ, Cohen BS, Poteet ML, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Space‐use, movements, and survival of translocated eastern wild turkeys in east Texas. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Sullivan
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia 180 E. Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- Department of Biology Tennessee Tech University 1 William L. Jones Drive Cookeville TN 38505 USA
| | - Micah L. Poteet
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 1805 E. Lufkin Avenue Lufkin TX 75901 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia 180 E. Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
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22
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White JH, Moscicki DJ, Jobes D, Hardin JB, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Breeding season survival of female Rio Grande wild turkeys in south‐central Texas. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob H. White
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA USA
| | - David J. Moscicki
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA USA
| | - Doug Jobes
- Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Austin 78744 TX USA
| | | | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens 30602 GA USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA USA
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23
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Byrne ME, Cohen BS, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Nest site fidelity and nesting success of female wild turkeys. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Byrne
- School of Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia 65211 MO USA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- College of Arts and Sciences Tennessee Technological University Cookeville 38505 TN USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens 30602 GA USA
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24
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Ulrey EE, Cedotal CA, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Spatial distribution of potential wild turkey nest predators in west‐central Louisiana. WILDLIFE SOC B 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Ulrey
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA USA
| | - Cody A. Cedotal
- Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Baton Rouge 70808 LA USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens 30602 GA USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge 70803 LA USA
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25
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Webster SC, Beasley JC, Hinton JW, Chamberlain MJ. Resident and transient coyotes exhibit differential patterns of movement behavior across heterogeneous landscapes in the southeastern United States. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8725. [PMID: 35356555 PMCID: PMC8939292 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Coyotes (Canis latrans) are a highly adaptable canid species whose behavioral plasticity has allowed them to persist in a wide array of habitats throughout North America. As generalists, coyotes can alter movement patterns and change territorial strategies between residency (high site fidelity) and transiency (low site fidelity) to maximize fitness. Uncertainty remains about resident and transient coyote movement patterns and habitat use because research has reached conflicting conclusions regarding patterns of habitat use by both groups. We quantified effects of habitat on resident and transient coyote movement behavior using first passage time (FPT) analysis, which assesses recursive movement along an individual's movement path to delineate where they exhibit area‐restricted search (ARS) behaviors relative to habitat attributes. We quantified monthly movement rates for 171 coyotes (76 residents and 53 transients) and then used estimated FPT values in generalized linear mixed models to quantify monthly habitat use for resident and transient coyotes. Transients had greater movement rates than residents across all months except January. Resident FPT values were positively correlated with agricultural land cover during fall and winter, but negatively correlated with agriculture during spring. Resident FPT values were also negatively correlated with developed habitats during May–August, deciduous land cover during June–August, and wetlands during September–January except November. FPT values of transient coyotes were positively correlated with developed areas throughout much of the year and near wetlands during July–September. Transient FPT values were negatively correlated with agriculture during all months except June and July. High FPT values (ARS behavior) of residents and transients were generally correlated with greater densities of edge habitat. Although we observed high individual variation in space use, our study found substantive differences in habitat use between residents and transients, providing further evidence that complexity and plasticity of coyote habitat use is influenced by territorial strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Webster
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Aiken South Carolina USA
| | - James C. Beasley
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Aiken South Carolina USA
| | | | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H. Wightman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens 30602 GA USA
| | - Darren W. Henrichs
- Department of Oceanography Texas A&M University College Station 77843 TX USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge 70803 LA USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens 30602 GA USA
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27
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Abstract
Abstract
When colonizing new regions, invading species might compete strongly with phylogenetically related species native to the regions they are colonizing, eventually leading to coexistence or displacement. In the southeast of the United States, recently established coyotes (Canis latrans) compete with red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), although it remains unclear if competition is leading to resource partitioning or displacement by species. Using nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes, we tested the hypothesis that coyotes compete with foxes for food resources, with canids partitioning those resources to mitigate competition. We compared diets of canids in the southeast to those in the Plains region of the United States, a region where all three species historically have coexisted. We analyzed 217 hair samples from both regions pre-1960, prior to coyote colonization of the southeast, and post-2000, after coyotes were ubiquitous there, to assess differences in diet among species for both regions (southeast versus Plains and time periods, pre- versus postcolonization by coyotes). Modeling revealed significant dietary overlap among historical and contemporary populations in the southeast. Historically, all species partitioned resources in the Plains. Contemporarily, red fox and coyotes co-occurring in the Plains overlapped in diet; however, gray fox diet did not overlap with those of red fox and coyotes. Absence of partitioning in diet among co-occurring canids in the southeast indicates that interspecific competition could be strong in the region. Competition among canid populations in the southeast could lead to further resource partitioning among species that promotes coexistence or competitive exclusion of smaller fox species where coyote populations are abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Webster
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Michael J Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601, USA
| | - Joseph W Hinton
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - James C Beasley
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
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28
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Chamberlain MJ, Cohen BS, Wightman PH, Rushton E, Hinton JW. Fine-scale movements and behaviors of coyotes ( Canis latrans) during their reproductive period. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9575-9588. [PMID: 34306644 PMCID: PMC8293769 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In canids, resident breeders hold territories but require different resources than transient individuals (i.e., dispersers), which may result in differential use of space, land cover, and food by residents and transients. In the southeastern United States, coyote (Canis latrans) reproduction occurs during spring and is energetically demanding for residents, but transients do not reproduce and therefore can exhibit feeding behaviors with lower energetic rewards. Hence, how coyotes behave in their environment likely differs between resident and transient coyotes. We captured and monitored 36 coyotes in Georgia during 2018-2019 and used data from 11 resident breeders, 12 predispersing residents (i.e., offspring of resident breeders), and 11 transients to determine space use, movements, and relationships between these behaviors and landcover characteristics. Average home range size for resident breeders and predispersing offspring was 20.7 ± 2.5 km² and 50.7 ± 10.0 km², respectively. Average size of transient ranges was 241.4 ± 114.5 km². Daily distance moved was 6.3 ± 3.0 km for resident males, 5.5 ± 2.7 km for resident females, and 6.9 ± 4.2 km for transients. We estimated first-passage time values to assess the scale at which coyotes respond to their environment, and used behavioral change-point analysis to determine that coyotes exhibited three behavioral states. We found notable differences between resident and transient coyotes in regard to how landcover characteristics influenced their behavioral states. Resident coyotes tended to select for areas with denser vegetation while resting and foraging, but for areas with less dense vegetation and canopy cover when walking. Transient coyotes selected areas closer to roads and with lower canopy cover while resting, but for areas farther from roads when foraging and walking. Our findings suggest that behaviors of both resident and transient coyotes are influenced by varying landcover characteristics, which could have implications for prey.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- College of Arts and SciencesTennessee Technological UniversityCookevilleTNUSA
| | - Patrick H. Wightman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | - Emily Rushton
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources – Wildlife Resources DivisionSocial CircleGAUSA
| | - Joseph W. Hinton
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental ScienceMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMIUSA
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Hinton JW, Rountree K, Chamberlain MJ. Diet of Coyotes on the Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge During the White-Tailed Deer Pre-Fawning and Fawning Seasons. SOUTHEAST NAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1656/058.020.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Hinton
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Kaitlyn Rountree
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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Crawford JC, Porter WF, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Wild Turkey Nest Success in Pine‐Dominated Forests of the Southeastern United States. J Wildl Manage 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C. Crawford
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - William F. Porter
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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31
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Peters RM, Cherry MJ, Kilgo JC, Chamberlain MJ, Miller KV. White‐Tailed Deer Population Dynamics Following Louisiana Black Bear Recovery. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Peters
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Michael J. Cherry
- Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute, Texas A&M University—Kingsville Kingsville TX 78363 USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station P.O. Box 700 New Ellenton SC 29809 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Karl V. Miller
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
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32
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Sullivan DJ, McEntire KD, Cohen BS, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Spatial Scale and Shape of Prescribed Fires Influence Use by Wild Turkeys. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Sullivan
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Kira D. McEntire
- Department of Biology, Center for the Sciences and Innovation Trinity University San Antonio TX 78212 USA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- College of Arts and Sciences Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 38505 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
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33
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Lohr AK, Martin JA, Wann GT, Cohen BS, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Behavioral strategies during incubation influence nest and female survival of Wild Turkeys. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11752-11765. [PMID: 33144998 PMCID: PMC7593161 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Females must balance physiological and behavioral demands of producing offspring with associated expenditures, such as resource acquisition and predator avoidance. Nest success is an important parameter underlying avian population dynamics. Galliforms are particularly susceptible to low nest success due to exposure of ground nests to multiple predator guilds, lengthy incubation periods, and substantive reliance on crypsis for survival. Hence, it is plausible that nesting individuals prioritize productivity and survival differently, resulting in a gradient of reproductive strategies. Fine-scale movement patterns during incubation are not well documented in ground-nesting birds, and the influence of reproductive movements on survival is largely unknown. Using GPS data collected from female wild turkeys (n = 278) across the southeastern United States, we evaluated the influence of incubation recess behaviors on trade-offs between nest and female survival. We quantified daily recess behaviors including recess duration, recess frequency, total distance traveled, and incubation range size for each nest attempt as well as covariates for nest concealment, nest attempt, and nest age. Of 374 nests, 91 (24%) hatched and 39 (14%) females were depredated during incubation. Average nest survival during the incubation period was 0.19, whereas average female survival was 0.78. On average, females took 1.6 daily unique recesses (SD = 1.2), spent 2.1 hr off the nest each day (SD = 1.8), and traveled 357.6 m during recesses (SD = 396.6). Average nest concealment was 92.5 cm (SD = 47). We found that females who took longer recess bouts had higher individual survival, but had increased nest loss. Females who recessed more frequently had lower individual survival. Our findings suggest behavioral decisions made during incubation represent life-history trade-offs between predation risk and reproductive success on an unpredictable landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K. Lohr
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | - James A. Martin
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | - Gregory T. Wann
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- College of Arts and SciencesTennessee Technological UniversityCookevilleTNUSA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLAUSA
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34
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Michel ES, Strickland BK, Demarais S, Belant JL, Kautz TM, Duquette JF, Beyer DE, Chamberlain MJ, Miller KV, Shuman RM, Kilgo JC, Diefenbach DR, Wallingford BD, Vreeland JK, Ditchkoff SS, DePerno CS, Moorman CE, Chitwood MC, Lashley MA. Relative reproductive phenology and synchrony affect neonate survival in a nonprecocial ungulate. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Michel
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Division of Fish and Wildlife Madelia MN USA
| | - Bronson K. Strickland
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - Stephen Demarais
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - Jerrold L. Belant
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY USA
| | - Todd M. Kautz
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY USA
| | - Jared F. Duquette
- Illinois Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division Forbes Natural History Building Champaign IL USA
| | - Dean E. Beyer
- Customer Service Center Michigan Department of Natural Resources Marquette MI USA
| | | | - Karl V. Miller
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | | | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station New Ellenton SC USA
| | - Duane R. Diefenbach
- U.S. Geological Survey Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | | | | | | | - Christopher S. DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - Christopher E. Moorman
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology Program North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA
| | - M. Colter Chitwood
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation University of Montana Missoula MT USA
| | - Marcus A. Lashley
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Sullivan
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Kira D. McEntire
- Department of Biology, Center for the Sciences and Innovation Trinity University San Antonio TX 78212 USA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- College of Arts and Sciences Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 38505 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- College of Arts and Science, Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN 38505 USA
| | - Nicholas W. Bakner
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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Hooker MJ, Chandler RB, Bond BT, Chamberlain MJ. Assessing Population Viability of Black Bears using Spatial Capture‐Recapture Models. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Hooker
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Georgia 180 E. Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Richard B. Chandler
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Georgia 180 E. Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bobby T. Bond
- Georgia Department of Natural ResourcesWildlife Resources Division 1014 MLK Boulevard Fort Valley GA 31030 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Georgia 180 E. Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
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38
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Gerrits AP, Wightman PH, Cantrell JR, Ruth C, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Movement Ecology of Spring Wild Turkey Hunters on Public Lands in South Carolina, USA. WILDLIFE SOC B 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaina P. Gerrits
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Patrick H. Wightman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Jay R. Cantrell
- South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Columbia SC 29202 USA
| | - Charles Ruth
- South Carolina Department of Natural ResourcesColumbia SC 29202 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
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39
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Parsons C, Niedermeyer J, Gould N, Brown P, Strules J, Parsons AW, Bernardo Mesa‐Cruz J, Kelly MJ, Hooker MJ, Chamberlain MJ, Olfenbuttel C, DePerno C, Kathariou S. Listeria monocytogenes at the human-wildlife interface: black bears (Ursus americanus) as potential vehicles for Listeria. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:706-721. [PMID: 31713354 PMCID: PMC7111103 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of the foodborne illness listeriosis, which can result in severe symptoms and death in susceptible humans and other animals. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in the environment and isolates from food and food processing, and clinical sources have been extensively characterized. However, limited information is available on L. monocytogenes from wildlife, especially from urban or suburban settings. As urban and suburban areas are expanding worldwide, humans are increasingly encroaching into wildlife habitats, enhancing the frequency of human-wildlife contacts and associated pathogen transfer events. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of L. monocytogenes in 231 wild black bear capture events between 2014 and 2017 in urban and suburban sites in North Carolina, Georgia, Virginia and United States, with samples derived from 183 different bears. Of the 231 captures, 105 (45%) yielded L. monocytogenes either alone or together with other Listeria. Analysis of 501 samples, primarily faeces, rectal and nasal swabs for Listeria spp., yielded 777 isolates, of which 537 (70%) were L. monocytogenes. Most L. monocytogenes isolates exhibited serotypes commonly associated with human disease: serotype 1/2a or 3a (57%), followed by the serotype 4b complex (33%). Interestingly, approximately 50% of the serotype 4b isolates had the IVb-v1 profile, associated with emerging clones of L. monocytogenes. Thus, black bears may serve as novel vehicles for L. monocytogenes, including potentially emerging clones. Our results have significant public health implications as they suggest that the ursine host may preferentially select for L. monocytogenes of clinically relevant lineages over the diverse listerial populations in the environment. These findings also help to elucidate the ecology of L. monocytogenes and highlight the public health significance of the human-wildlife interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Parsons
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Jeff Niedermeyer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Nicholas Gould
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Phillip Brown
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Jennifer Strules
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Arielle W. Parsons
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
- North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNCUSA
| | - J. Bernardo Mesa‐Cruz
- Department of Fish and Wildlife ConservationVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA
- Department of BiologyElizabethtown CollegeElizabethtownPAUSA
| | - Marcella J. Kelly
- Department of Fish and Wildlife ConservationVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Michael J. Hooker
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA
| | | | | | - Christopher DePerno
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
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40
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Greene RE, Tuberville TD, Chamberlain MJ, Miller DA, Wigley TB, Martin JA. A Review of Gopher Tortoise Demography and Movements in Production Pine Forest Landscapes. WILDLIFE SOC B 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Greene
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Georgia 180 E Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Tracey D. Tuberville
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Drawer EAiken SC 29802 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Georgia 180 E Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
| | | | - T. Bently Wigley
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. P.O. Box 340317 Clemson SC 29634‐0317 USA
| | - James A. Martin
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Georgia 180 E Green Street Athens GA 30602 USA
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41
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Heppenheimer E, Brzeski KE, Hinton JW, Chamberlain MJ, Robinson J, Wayne RK, vonHoldt BM. A Genome-Wide Perspective on the Persistence of Red Wolf Ancestry in Southeastern Canids. J Hered 2020; 111:277-286. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The red wolf (Canis rufus), a legally recognized and critically endangered wolf, is known to interbreed with coyotes (Canis latrans). Declared extirpated in the wild in 1980, red wolves were reintroduced to northeastern North Carolina nearly a decade later. Interbreeding with coyotes was thought to be restricted to a narrow geographic region adjacent to the reintroduced population and largely believed to threaten red wolf recovery. However, red wolf ancestry was recently discovered in canids along the American Gulf Coast, igniting a broader survey of ancestry in southeastern canid populations. Here, we examine geographic and temporal patterns of genome-wide red wolf ancestry in 260 canids across the southeastern United States at over 164 000 SNP loci. We found that red wolf ancestry was most prevalent in canids sampled from Texas in the mid-1970s, although non-trivial amounts of red wolf ancestry persist in this region today. Further, red wolf ancestry was also observed in a subset of coyotes inhabiting North Carolina, despite management efforts to limit the occurrence of hybridization events. Lastly, we found no evidence of substantial red wolf ancestry in southeastern canids outside of these 2 admixture zones. Overall, this study provides a genome-wide survey of red wolf ancestry in canids across the southeastern United States, which may ultimately inform future red wolf restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin E Brzeski
- Michigan Technological University, College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Houghton, MI
| | - Joseph W Hinton
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY
| | | | - Jacqueline Robinson
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robert K Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bridgett M vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
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42
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Wakefield CT, Martin JA, Wightman PH, Bond BT, Lowrey DK, Cohen BS, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Hunting Activity Effects on Roost Selection by Male Wild Turkeys. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin T. Wakefield
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
| | - James A. Martin
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
| | - Patrick H. Wightman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bobby T. Bond
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources DivisionFort Valley GA 31030 USA
| | - D. Kevin Lowrey
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources DivisionGainesville GA 30501 USA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- College of Arts and SciencesTennessee Technological UniversityCookeville TN 38505 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
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43
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Wakefield CT, Wightman PH, Martin JA, Bond BT, Lowrey DK, Cohen BS, Collier BA, Chamberlain MJ. Hunting and Nesting Phenology Influence Gobbling of Wild Turkeys. J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin T. Wakefield
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
| | - Patrick H. Wightman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
| | - James A. Martin
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
| | - Bobby T. Bond
- Georgia Department of Natural ResourcesWildlife Resources Division Fort Valley GA 31030 USA
| | - D. Kevin Lowrey
- Georgia Department of Natural ResourcesWildlife Resources Division Gainesville GA 30501 USA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- College of Arts and SciencesTennessee Technological UniversityCookeville TN 38505 USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthens GA 30602 USA
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44
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Bakner NW, Schofield LR, Cedotal C, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Incubation recess behaviors influence nest survival of Wild Turkeys. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:14053-14065. [PMID: 31938503 PMCID: PMC6953688 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In ground nesting upland birds, reproductive activities contribute to elevated predation risk, so females presumably use multiple strategies to ensure nest success. Identification of drivers reducing predation risk has primarily focused on evaluating vegetative conditions at nest sites, but behavioral decisions manifested through movements during incubation may be additional drivers of nest survival. However, our understanding of how movements during incubation impact nest survival is limited for most ground nesting birds. Using GPS data collected from female Eastern Wild Turkeys (n = 206), we evaluated nest survival as it relates to movement behaviors during incubation, including recess frequency, distance traveled during recesses, and habitat selection during recess movements. We identified 9,361 movements off nests and 6,529 recess events based on approximately 62,065 hr of incubation data, and estimated mean nest attentiveness of 84.0%. The numbers of recesses taken daily were variable across females (range: 1‒7). Nest survival modeling indicated that increased cumulative distance moved during recesses each day was the primary driver of positive daily nest survival. Our results suggest behavioral decisions are influencing trade-offs between nest survival and adult female survival during incubation to reduce predation risk, specifically through adjustments to distances traveled during recesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Bakner
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisiana
- Present address:
Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
| | - Landon R. Schofield
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Cody Cedotal
- Louisiana Department of Wildlife and FisheriesBaton RougeLouisiana
| | | | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisiana
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Hooker
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Bobby T. Bond
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
| | - Michael J. Chamberlain
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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46
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Hinton JW, Heppenheimer E, West KM, Caudill D, Karlin ML, Kilgo JC, Mayer JJ, Miller KV, Walch M, vonHoldt B, Chamberlain MJ. Geographic patterns in morphometric and genetic variation for coyote populations with emphasis on southeastern coyotes. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3389-3404. [PMID: 30962900 PMCID: PMC6434562 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to 1900, coyotes (Canis latrans) were restricted to the western and central regions of North America, but by the early 2000s, coyotes became ubiquitous throughout the eastern United States. Information regarding morphological and genetic structure of coyote populations in the southeastern United States is limited, and where data exist, they are rarely compared to those from other regions of North America. We assessed geographic patterns in morphology and genetics of coyotes with special consideration of coyotes in the southeastern United States. Mean body mass of coyote populations increased along a west-to-east gradient, with southeastern coyotes being intermediate to western and northeastern coyotes. Similarly, principal component analysis of body mass and linear body measurements suggested that southeastern coyotes were intermediate to western and northeastern coyotes in body size but exhibited shorter tails and ears from other populations. Genetic analyses indicated that southeastern coyotes represented a distinct genetic cluster that differentiated strongly from western and northeastern coyotes. We postulate that southeastern coyotes experienced lower immigration from western populations than did northeastern coyotes, and over time, genetically diverged from both western and northeastern populations. Coyotes colonizing eastern North America experienced different selective pressures than did stable populations in the core range, and we offer that the larger body size of eastern coyotes reflects an adaptation that improved dispersal capabilities of individuals in the expanding range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Hinton
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
| | | | | | - Danny Caudill
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation CommissionGainesvilleFlorida
- Present address:
Alaska Department of Fish and GameFairbanksAlaska
| | - Melissa L. Karlin
- Department of Physics and Environmental SciencesSt. Mary's UniversitySan AntonioTexas
| | - John C. Kilgo
- United States Department of AgricultureForest Service Southern Research StationNew EllentonSouth Carolina
| | - John Joseph Mayer
- United States Department of Energy, Environmental Sciences, and BiotechnologySavannah River National LaboratoryAikenSouth Carolina
| | - Karl V. Miller
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
| | | | - Bridgett vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey
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47
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Chamberlain MJ, Wightman PH, Cohen BS, Collier BA. Gobbling activity of eastern wild turkeys relative to male movements and female nesting phenology in South Carolina. WILDLIFE SOC B 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick H. Wightman
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLA70803USA
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48
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Wightman PH, Kilgo JC, Vukovich M, Cantrell JR, Ruth CR, Cohen BS, Chamberlain MJ, Collier BA. Gobbling chronology of eastern wild turkeys in South Carolina. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H. Wightman
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLA70803USA
| | - John C. Kilgo
- USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationP.O. Box 700New EllentonSC29809USA
| | - Mark Vukovich
- USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationP.O. Box 700New EllentonSC29809USA
| | - Jay R. Cantrell
- South Carolina Department of Natural ResourcesColumbiaSC29202USA
| | - Charles R. Ruth
- South Carolina Department of Natural ResourcesColumbiaSC29202USA
| | - Bradley S. Cohen
- Department of BiologyTennessee Technological UniversityCookevilleTN38505USA
| | | | - Bret A. Collier
- School of Renewable Natural ResourcesLouisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLA70803USA
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee M. Pollander
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Andrew R. Little
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Joseph W. Hinton
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Michael E. Byrne
- School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - Gregory D. Balkcom
- Georgia Department of Natural ResourcesWildlife Resources DivisionFort ValleyGA31030USA
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50
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Heppenheimer E, Brzeski KE, Hinton JW, Patterson BR, Rutledge LY, DeCandia AL, Wheeldon T, Fain SR, Hohenlohe PA, Kays R, White BN, Chamberlain MJ, vonHoldt BM. High genomic diversity and candidate genes under selection associated with range expansion in eastern coyote ( Canis latrans) populations. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12641-12655. [PMID: 30619570 PMCID: PMC6309008 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Range expansion is a widespread biological process, with well-described theoretical expectations associated with the colonization of novel ranges. However, comparatively few empirical studies address the genomic outcomes accompanying the genome-wide consequences associated with the range expansion process, particularly in recent or ongoing expansions. Here, we assess two recent and distinct eastward expansion fronts of a highly mobile carnivore, the coyote (Canis latrans), to investigate patterns of genomic diversity and identify variants that may have been under selection during range expansion. Using a restriction-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq), we genotyped 394 coyotes at 22,935 SNPs and found that overall population structure corresponded to their 19th century historical range and two distinct populations that expanded during the 20th century. Counter to theoretical expectations for populations to bottleneck during range expansions, we observed minimal evidence for decreased genomic diversity across coyotes sampled along either expansion front, which is likely due to hybridization with other Canis species. Furthermore, we identified 12 SNPs, located either within genes or putative regulatory regions, that were consistently associated with range expansion. Of these 12 genes, three (CACNA1C, ALK, and EPHA6) have putative functions related to dispersal, including habituation to novel environments and spatial learning, consistent with the expectations for traits under selection during range expansion. Although coyote colonization of eastern North America is well-publicized, this study provides novel insights by identifying genes associated with dispersal capabilities in coyotes on the two eastern expansion fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin E. Brzeski
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental ScienceMichigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMichigan
| | - Joseph W. Hinton
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia
| | - Brent R. Patterson
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntario
| | - Linda Y. Rutledge
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey
- Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntario
| | | | - Tyler Wheeldon
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntario
| | | | - Paul A. Hohenlohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary StudiesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho
| | - Roland Kays
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina
- North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighNorth Carolina
| | | | | | - Bridgett M. vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey
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