1
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Himmelbauer MK, Bajrami B, Basile R, Capacci A, Chen T, Choi CK, Gilfillan R, Gonzalez-Lopez de Turiso F, Gu C, Hoemberger M, Johnson DS, Jones JH, Kadakia E, Kirkland M, Lin EY, Liu Y, Ma B, Magee T, Mantena S, Marx IE, Metrick CM, Mingueneau M, Murugan P, Muste CA, Nadella P, Nevalainen M, Parker Harp CR, Pattaropong V, Pietrasiewicz A, Prince RJ, Purgett TJ, Santoro JC, Schulz J, Sciabola S, Tang H, Vandeveer HG, Wang T, Yousaf Z, Helal CJ, Hopkins BT. Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of BIIB129, a Covalent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant BTK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38712838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease with an underlying pathology characterized by inflammation-driven neuronal loss, axonal injury, and demyelination. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase and member of the TEC family of kinases, is involved in the regulation, migration, and functional activation of B cells and myeloid cells in the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS), cell types which are deemed central to the pathology contributing to disease progression in MS patients. Herein, we describe the discovery of BIIB129 (25), a structurally distinct and brain-penetrant targeted covalent inhibitor (TCI) of BTK with an unprecedented binding mode responsible for its high kinome selectivity. BIIB129 (25) demonstrated efficacy in disease-relevant preclinical in vivo models of B cell proliferation in the CNS, exhibits a favorable safety profile suitable for clinical development as an immunomodulating therapy for MS, and has a low projected total human daily dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Himmelbauer
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bekim Bajrami
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Rebecca Basile
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andrew Capacci
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - TeYu Chen
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Colin K Choi
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Rab Gilfillan
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Chungang Gu
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marc Hoemberger
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - J Howard Jones
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ekta Kadakia
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Melissa Kirkland
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Edward Y Lin
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ying Liu
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bin Ma
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tom Magee
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Srinivasa Mantena
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Isaac E Marx
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Claire M Metrick
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paramasivam Murugan
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cathy A Muste
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Prasad Nadella
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marta Nevalainen
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Chelsea R Parker Harp
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Vatee Pattaropong
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alicia Pietrasiewicz
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robin J Prince
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Thomas J Purgett
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joseph C Santoro
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jurgen Schulz
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Simone Sciabola
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hao Tang
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - H George Vandeveer
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ti Wang
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Zain Yousaf
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Christopher J Helal
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Brian T Hopkins
- Biogen Research and Development, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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2
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Li R, Lei Y, Rezk A, Diego A Espinoza, Wang J, Feng H, Zhang B, Barcelos IP, Zhang H, Yu J, Huo X, Zhu F, Yang C, Tang H, Goldstein AC, Banwell BL, Hakonarson H, Xu H, Mingueneau M, Sun B, Li H, Bar-Or A. Oxidative phosphorylation regulates B cell effector cytokines and promotes inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadk0865. [PMID: 38701189 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk0865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated B cell cytokine production contributes to pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study we investigated how cytokine secretion by pro-inflammatory (GM-CSF-expressing) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10-expressing) B cells is regulated. Pro-inflammatory human B cells required increased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) compared with anti-inflammatory B cells. OXPHOS reciprocally modulated pro- and anti-inflammatory B cell cytokines through regulation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) signaling. Partial inhibition of OXPHOS or ATP-signaling including with BTK inhibition resulted in an anti-inflammatory B cell cytokine shift, reversed the B cell cytokine imbalance in patients with MS, and ameliorated neuroinflammation in a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalitis mouse model. Our study identifies how pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are metabolically regulated in B cells and identifies ATP and its metabolites as a "fourth signal" that shapes B cell responses and is a potential target for restoring the B cell cytokine balance in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute of Immunotherapy and Department of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Yanting Lei
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Ayman Rezk
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diego A Espinoza
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Huiru Feng
- Institute of Immunotherapy and Department of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Immunotherapy and Department of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Isabella P Barcelos
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Xinrui Huo
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Fangyi Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Changxin Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Hao Tang
- MS Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amy C Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brenda L Banwell
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | | | - Bo Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Hulun Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and the Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- MS Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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3
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Straeten F, Zhu J, Börsch AL, Zhang B, Li K, Lu IN, Gross C, Heming M, Li X, Rubin R, Ouyang Z, Wiendl H, Mingueneau M, Meyer zu Hörste G. Integrated single-cell transcriptomics of cerebrospinal fluid cells in treatment-naïve multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:306. [PMID: 36536441 PMCID: PMC9764586 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and often disabling autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounds and protects the CNS. Analysis of CSF can aid the diagnosis of CNS diseases, help to identify the prognosis, and underlying mechanisms of diseases. Several recent studies have leveraged single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify MS-associated changes in CSF cells that are considerably more altered than blood cells in MS. However, not all alterations were replicated across all studies. We therefore integrated multiple available scRNA-seq datasets of CSF cells from MS patients with early relapsing-remitting (RRMS) disease. We provide a searchable and interactive resource of this integrated analysis ( https://CSFinMS.bxgenomics.com ) facilitating diverse visualization and analysis methods without requiring computational skills. In the present joint analysis, we replicated the known expansion of B lineage and the recently described expansion of natural killer (NK) cells and some cytotoxic T cells and decrease of monocytes in the CSF in MS. The previous observation of the abundance of Th1-like Th17 effector memory cells in the CSF was not replicated. Expanded CSF B lineage cells resembled class-switched plasmablasts/-cells (e.g., SDC1/CD138, MZB1) as expected. Our integrative analysis thus validates increased cell type diversity and B cell maturation in the CSF in MS and improves accessibility of available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Straeten
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jing Zhu
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Department of Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Anna-Lena Börsch
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Baohong Zhang
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Department of Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Kejie Li
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Department of Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - I-Na Lu
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina Gross
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Heming
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Xiaolin Li
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rebekah Rubin
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Department of Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA USA
| | | | - Heinz Wiendl
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- grid.417832.b0000 0004 0384 8146Department of Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Gerd Meyer zu Hörste
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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4
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Trutschel D, Bost P, Mariette X, Bondet V, Llibre A, Posseme C, Charbit B, Thorball CW, Jonsson R, Lessard CJ, Felten R, Ng WF, Chatenoud L, Dumortier H, Sibilia J, Fellay J, Brokstad KA, Appel S, Tarn Dr JR, Murci LQ, Mingueneau M, Meyer N, Duffy D, Schwikowski B, Gottenberg JE. Variability in primary Sjögren's syndrome is driven by interferon alpha, and genetically associated with the class II HLA DQ locus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1991-2002. [PMID: 35726083 PMCID: PMC10092541 DOI: 10.1002/art.42265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is the second most frequent systemic autoimmune disease affecting 0.1% of the general population. To characterize the molecular and clinical variability across pSS patients, we integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, cellular and genetic data with clinical phenotypes in a cohort of 351 pSS patients. METHODS Blood transcriptomes and genotypes of 351 pSS patients from a multi-center prospective clinical cohort were analyzed. Replication of the transcriptomic results was performed using 3 independent cohorts (n=462 patients). Circulating IFN-alpha (IFNɑ) and IFN-gamma (IFNγ) protein concentrations were determined using digital ELISA. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis of the prospective cohort showed a strong IFN gene signature in more than half of the patients. This finding was replicated in three independent cohorts. As gene expression analysis did not discriminate between type I and II interferons, we applied digital ELISA to demonstrate that the IFN transcriptomic signature was driven by circulating IFNɑ, and not IFNγ, protein levels. IFNɑ protein levels, detectable in 75% of patients, were significantly associated with clinical and immunological features of disease activity at enrollment, and with increased frequency of systemic complications during the 5-year follow-up. Genetic analysis revealed a significant association between IFNɑ protein levels, a MHC-II haplotype and anti-SSA antibody. Additional cellular analysis revealed that a MHC-II HLA-DQ locus acts through upregulation of HLA II molecules on conventional DCs. CONCLUSIONS The present analysis identified the predominance of IFNα as driver of pSS variability and revealed an association with HLA gene polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Trutschel
- Computational Systems Biomedicine Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bost
- Computational Systems Biomedicine Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France.,University of Zurich, Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR1184 - Immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Vincent Bondet
- Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Universite Cité Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alba Llibre
- Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Universite Cité Paris, Paris, France
| | - Celine Posseme
- Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Universite Cité Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Charbit
- Cytometry and Biomarkers UTechS, CRT, Institut Pasteur, Université Cite Paris, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Christian W Thorball
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Precision Medicine Unit, Biomedical Data Science Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America, Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Renaud Felten
- Department of Rheumatology, Strasbourg University Hospital, National Centre For Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, CNRS UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wan Fai Ng
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Centre and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INEM, CNRS UMR 8253, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Dumortier
- CNRS UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Sibilia
- Department of Rheumatology, Strasbourg University Hospital, National Centre For Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, CNRS UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Precision Medicine Unit, Biomedical Data Science Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karl A Brokstad
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Silke Appel
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jessica R Tarn Dr
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lluis Quintana Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Genomes & Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France CNRS URA3012, Paris, France
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neurorepair Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, USA
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- CHU de Strasbourg, Service de Santé Publique, GMRC, F-67091, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS, iCUBE, UMR 7357, F-67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Universite Cité Paris, Paris, France
| | - Benno Schwikowski
- Computational Systems Biomedicine Lab, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Eric Gottenberg
- Department of Rheumatology, Strasbourg University Hospital, National Centre For Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, CNRS UPR3572, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
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5
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Ma B, Metrick CM, Gu C, Hoemberger M, Bajrami B, Bame E, Huang J, Mingueneau M, Murugan P, Nevalainen M, Santoro JC, Tang H, Wang T, Hopkins BT. Corrigendum to "Optimization of a novel piperazinone series as potent selective peripheral covalent BTK inhibitors" [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 60 (2022) 128549]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 72:128856. [PMID: 35728998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Medicinal Chemistry, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | | | - Chungang Gu
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marc Hoemberger
- Bioassays & High-Throughput Screens, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bekim Bajrami
- Chemical Biology & Proteomics, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eris Bame
- Translational Science, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neurorepair Research, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paramasivam Murugan
- Bioassays & High-Throughput Screens, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marta Nevalainen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joseph C Santoro
- Bioassays & High-Throughput Screens, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hao Tang
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neurorepair Research, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ti Wang
- Bioassays & High-Throughput Screens, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brian T Hopkins
- Medicinal Chemistry, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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6
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Wemlinger SM, Parker Harp CR, Yu B, Hardy IR, Seefeldt M, Matsuda J, Mingueneau M, Spilker KA, Cameron TO, Larrick JW, Getahun A, Cambier JC. Preclinical Analysis of Candidate Anti-Human CD79 Therapeutic Antibodies Using a Humanized CD79 Mouse Model. J Immunol 2022; 208:1566-1584. [PMID: 35321883 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The BCR comprises a membrane-bound Ig that is noncovalently associated with a heterodimer of CD79A and CD79B. While the BCR Ig component functions to sense extracellular Ag, CD79 subunits contain cytoplasmic ITAMs that mediate intracellular propagation of BCR signals critical for B cell development, survival, and Ag-induced activation. CD79 is therefore an attractive target for Ab and chimeric Ag receptor T cell therapies for autoimmunity and B cell neoplasia. Although the mouse is an attractive model for preclinical testing, due to its well-defined immune system, an obstacle is the lack of cross-reactivity of candidate therapeutic anti-human mAbs with mouse CD79. To overcome this problem, we generated knockin mice in which the extracellular Ig-like domains of CD79A and CD79B were replaced with human equivalents. In this study, we describe the generation and characterization of mice expressing chimeric CD79 and report studies that demonstrate their utility in preclinical analysis of anti-human CD79 therapy. We demonstrate that human and mouse CD79 extracellular domains are functionally interchangeable, and that anti-human CD79 lacking Fc region effector function does not cause significant B cell depletion, but induces 1) decreased expression of plasma membrane-associated IgM and IgD, 2) uncoupling of BCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and calcium mobilization, and 3) increased expression of PTEN, consistent with the levels observed in anergic B cells. Finally, anti-human CD79 treatment prevents disease development in two mouse models of autoimmunity. We also present evidence that anti-human CD79 treatment may inhibit Ab secretion by terminally differentiated plasmablasts and plasma cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Wemlinger
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Bo Yu
- Panorama Research Institute, Sunnyvale, CA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Matsuda
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - John C Cambier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO;
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7
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Hopkins BT, Bame E, Bajrami B, Black C, Bohnert T, Boiselle C, Burdette D, Burns JC, Delva L, Donaldson D, Grater R, Gu C, Hoemberger M, Johnson J, Kapadnis S, King K, Lulla M, Ma B, Marx I, Magee T, Meissner R, Metrick CM, Mingueneau M, Murugan P, Otipoby KL, Polack E, Poreci U, Prince R, Roach AM, Rowbottom C, Santoro JC, Schroeder P, Tang H, Tien E, Zhang F, Lyssikatos J. Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of BIIB091, a Reversible, Selective BTK Inhibitor for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1206-1224. [PMID: 34734694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury leading to permeant disability. In the early stage of MS, inflammation is the primary driver of the disease progression. There remains an unmet need to develop high efficacy therapies with superior safety profiles to prevent the inflammation processes leading to disability. Herein, we describe the discovery of BIIB091, a structurally distinct orthosteric ATP competitive, reversible inhibitor that binds the BTK protein in a DFG-in confirmation designed to sequester Tyr-551, an important phosphorylation site on BTK, into an inactive conformation with excellent affinity. Preclinical studies demonstrated BIB091 to be a high potency molecule with good drug-like properties and a safety/tolerability profile suitable for clinical development as a highly selective, reversible BTKi for treating autoimmune diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Hopkins
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Eris Bame
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bekim Bajrami
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Cheryl Black
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tonika Bohnert
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Carrie Boiselle
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Doug Burdette
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jeremy C Burns
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Luisette Delva
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Douglas Donaldson
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Richard Grater
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Chungang Gu
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Marc Hoemberger
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Josh Johnson
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sudarshan Kapadnis
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kris King
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Mukesh Lulla
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Bin Ma
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Isaac Marx
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tom Magee
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robert Meissner
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Claire M Metrick
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paramasivam Murugan
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kevin L Otipoby
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Evelyne Polack
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Urjana Poreci
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Robin Prince
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Allie M Roach
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Chris Rowbottom
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joseph C Santoro
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Patricia Schroeder
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hao Tang
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Eric Tien
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Joseph Lyssikatos
- Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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8
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Dupré A, Pascaud J, Rivière E, Paoletti A, Ly B, Mingueneau M, Mariette X, Nocturne G. Association between T follicular helper cells and T peripheral helper cells with B-cell biomarkers and disease activity in primary Sjögren syndrome. RMD Open 2021; 7:rmdopen-2020-001442. [PMID: 33688082 PMCID: PMC7944988 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Dupré
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, Île-de-France, France
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
| | - Juliette Pascaud
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
| | - Elodie Rivière
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, Île-de-France, France
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
| | - Audrey Paoletti
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
| | - Bineta Ly
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
| | | | - Xavier Mariette
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, Île-de-France, France
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
| | - Gaetane Nocturne
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, Île-de-France, France
- INSERM UMR 1184, Centre for Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Île-de-France, France
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9
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Pellerin K, Rubino SJ, Burns JC, Smith BA, McCarl CA, Zhu J, Jandreski L, Cullen P, Carlile TM, Li A, Rebollar JV, Sybulski J, Reynolds TL, Zhang B, Basile R, Tang H, Harp CP, Pellerin A, Silbereis J, Franchimont N, Cahir-McFarland E, Ransohoff RM, Cameron TO, Mingueneau M. MOG autoantibodies trigger a tightly-controlled FcR and BTK-driven microglia proliferative response. Brain 2021; 144:2361-2374. [PMID: 34145876 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are a hallmark of numerous neurologic disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), autoimmune encephalitides and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). While well understood in peripheral myeloid cells, the pathophysiological significance of autoantibody-induced Fc receptor (FcR) signaling in microglia remains unknown, in part due to the lack of a robust in vivo model. Moreover, application of therapeutic antibodies for neurodegenerative disease also highlights the importance of understanding FcR signaling in microglia. Here, we describe a novel in vivo experimental paradigm that allows for selective engagement of Fc receptors within the CNS by peripherally injecting anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in normal wild-type mice. MOG antigen-bound immunoglobulins were detected throughout the CNS and triggered a rapid and tightly regulated proliferative response in both brain and spinal cord microglia. This microglial response was abrogated when anti-MOG antibodies were deprived of Fc effector function or injected into Fc γ R knockout mice and was associated with the downregulation of FcRs in microglia, but not peripheral myeloid cells, establishing that this response was dependent on central FcR engagement. Downstream of FcRs, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) was a required signaling node for this response, as microglia proliferation was amplified in BTKE41K knock-in mice expressing a constitutively active form of BTK and blunted in mice treated with a CNS penetrant small molecule inhibitor of BTK. Finally, this response was associated with transient and stringently regulated changes in gene expression predominantly related to cellular proliferation, which markedly differed from transcriptional programs typically associated with FcR engagement in peripheral myeloid cells. Together, these results establish a physiologically-meaningful functional response to FcR and BTK signaling in microglia while providing a novel in vivo tool to further dissect the roles of microglia-specific FcR and BTK-driven responses to both pathogenic and therapeutic antibodies in CNS homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Pellerin
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neurorepair Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, USA
| | - Stephen J Rubino
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neurorepair Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, USA
| | - Jeremy C Burns
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neurorepair Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | - Jing Zhu
- Translational Biology, Biogen, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | | | - Angela Li
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neurorepair Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Rebecca Basile
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neurorepair Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, USA
| | - Hao Tang
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neurorepair Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - Alex Pellerin
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neurorepair Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, USA
| | - John Silbereis
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neurorepair Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Mingueneau
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neurorepair Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, USA
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10
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Bame E, Tang H, Burns JC, Arefayene M, Michelsen K, Ma B, Marx I, Prince R, Roach AM, Poreci U, Donaldson D, Cullen P, Casey F, Zhu J, Carlile TM, Sangurdekar D, Zhang B, Trapa P, Santoro J, Muragan P, Pellerin A, Rubino S, Gianni D, Bajrami B, Peng X, Coppell A, Riester K, Belachew S, Mehta D, Palte M, Hopkins BT, Scaramozza M, Franchimont N, Mingueneau M. Next-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor BIIB091 selectively and potently inhibits B cell and Fc receptor signaling and downstream functions in B cells and myeloid cells. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1295. [PMID: 34141433 PMCID: PMC8204096 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a non-redundant signaling role downstream of the B-cell receptor (BCR) in B cells and the receptors for the Fc region of immunoglobulins (FcR) in myeloid cells. Here, we characterise BIIB091, a novel, potent, selective and reversible small-molecule inhibitor of BTK. Methods BIIB091 was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in preclinical models and in phase 1 clinical trial. Results In vitro, BIIB091 potently inhibited BTK-dependent proximal signaling and distal functional responses in both B cells and myeloid cells with IC50s ranging from 3 to 106 nm, including antigen presentation to T cells, a key mechanism of action thought to be underlying the efficacy of B cell-targeted therapeutics in multiple sclerosis. BIIB091 effectively sequestered tyrosine 551 in the kinase pocket by forming long-lived complexes with BTK with t 1/2 of more than 40 min, thereby preventing its phosphorylation by upstream kinases. As a key differentiating feature of BIIB091, this property explains the very potent whole blood IC50s of 87 and 106 nm observed with stimulated B cells and myeloid cells, respectively. In vivo, BIIB091 blocked B-cell activation, antibody production and germinal center differentiation. In phase 1 healthy volunteer trial, BIIB091 inhibited naïve and unswitched memory B-cell activation, with an in vivo IC50 of 55 nm and without significant impact on lymphoid or myeloid cell survival after 14 days of dosing. Conclusion Pharmacodynamic results obtained in preclinical and early clinical settings support the advancement of BIIB091 in phase 2 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eris Bame
- Clinical Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Hao Tang
- Biogen Research Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | | | | | - Klaus Michelsen
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA.,Present address: Relay Therapeutics Cambridge MA USA
| | - Bin Ma
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Isaac Marx
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Robin Prince
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Allie M Roach
- Biogen Research Biogen Cambridge MA USA.,Present address: Gilead Sciences Seattle WA USA
| | - Urjana Poreci
- Clinical Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA.,Present address: Pandion Therapeutics Watertown MA USA
| | - Douglas Donaldson
- Clinical Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA.,Present address: Giner Labs Newton MA USA
| | | | | | - Jing Zhu
- Biogen Research Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | | | - Dipen Sangurdekar
- Biogen Research Biogen Cambridge MA USA.,Present address: Takeda Cambridge MA USA
| | | | - Patrick Trapa
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Joseph Santoro
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Param Muragan
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | | | | | - Davide Gianni
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Bekim Bajrami
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- Global Safety and Regulatory Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Devangi Mehta
- Clinical Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA.,Present address: Immunologix Laboratories Cambridge MA USA
| | - Mike Palte
- MS Development Unit Biogen Cambridge MA USA
| | - Brian T Hopkins
- Biotherapeutics and Medicinal Sciences Biogen Cambridge MA USA
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11
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Dela Cruz A, Kartha V, Tilston-Lunel A, Mi R, Reynolds TL, Mingueneau M, Monti S, Jensen JL, Skarstein K, Varelas X, Kukuruzinska MA. Gene expression alterations in salivary gland epithelia of Sjögren's syndrome patients are associated with clinical and histopathological manifestations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11154. [PMID: 34045583 PMCID: PMC8159963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90569-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a complex autoimmune disease associated with lymphocytic infiltration and secretory dysfunction of salivary and lacrimal glands. Although the etiology of SS remains unclear, evidence suggests that epithelial damage of the glands elicits immune and fibrotic responses in SS. To define molecular changes underlying epithelial tissue damage in SS, we laser capture microdissected (LCM) labial salivary gland epithelia from 8 SS and 8 non-SS controls for analysis by RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Computational interrogation of gene expression signatures revealed that, in addition to a division of SS and non-SS samples, there was a potential intermediate state overlapping clustering of SS and non-SS samples. Differential expression analysis uncovered signaling events likely associated with distinct SS pathogenesis. Notable signals included the enrichment of IFN-γ and JAK/STAT-regulated genes, and the induction of genes encoding secreted factors, such as LTF, BMP3, and MMP7, implicated in immune responses, matrix remodeling and tissue destruction. Identification of gene expression signatures of salivary epithelia associated with mixed clinical and histopathological characteristics suggests that SS pathology may be defined by distinct molecular subtypes. We conclude that gene expression changes arising in the damaged salivary epithelia may offer novel insights into the signals contributing to SS development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Dela Cruz
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Vinay Kartha
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | | | - Rongjuan Mi
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Stefano Monti
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA.
| | - Maria A Kukuruzinska
- Department of Translational Dental Medicine, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA.
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12
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Rivière E, Pascaud J, Virone A, Dupré A, Ly B, Paoletti A, Seror R, Tchitchek N, Mingueneau M, Smith N, Duffy D, Cassard L, Chaput N, Pengam S, Gauttier V, Poirier N, Mariette X, Nocturne G. Interleukin-7/Interferon Axis Drives T Cell and Salivary Gland Epithelial Cell Interactions in Sjögren's Syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:631-640. [PMID: 33058491 DOI: 10.1002/art.41558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by a lymphocytic infiltration of salivary glands (SGs) and the presence of an interferon (IFN) signature. SG epithelial cells (SGECs) play an active role in primary SS pathophysiology. We undertook this study to examine the interactions between SGECs and T cells in primary SS and the role of the interleukin-7 (IL-7)/IFN axis. METHODS Primary cultured SGECs from control subjects and patients with primary SS were stimulated with poly(I-C), IFNα, or IFNγ. T cells were sorted from blood and stimulated with IL-7. CD25 expression was assessed by flow cytometry. SG explants were cultured for 4 days with anti-IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) antagonist antibody (OSE-127), and transcriptomic analysis was performed using the NanoString platform. RESULTS Serum IL-7 level was increased in patients with primary SS compared to controls and was associated with B cell biomarkers. IL7R expression was decreased in T cells from patients with primary SS compared to controls. SGECs stimulated with poly(I-C), IFNα, or IFNγ secreted IL-7. IL-7 stimulation increased the activation of T cells, as well as IFNγ secretion. Transcriptomic analysis of SG explants showed a correlation between IL7 and IFN expression. Finally, explants cultured with anti-IL-7R antibody showed decreased IFN-stimulated gene expression. CONCLUSION These results suggest the presence of an IL-7/IFNγ amplification loop involving SGECs and T cells in primary SS. IL-7 was secreted by SGECs stimulated with type I or type II IFN and, in turn, activated T cells that secrete type II IFN. An anti-IL-7R antibody decreased the IFN signature in T cells in primary SS and could be of therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Rivière
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Recherche et Développement, Arthritis Fondation Courtin, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Pascaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Virone
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Anastasia Dupré
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Bineta Ly
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Paoletti
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Raphaèle Seror
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Nikaïa Smith
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Laboratoire d'Immunobiologie des Cellules Dendritiques, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Lydie Cassard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Analyse moléculaire, modélisation et imagerie de la maladie cancéreuse, Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy, Analyse moléculaire, modélisation et imagerie de la maladie cancéreuse, Laboratoire d'Immunomonitoring en Oncologie, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Gaetane Nocturne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Centre de Recherche en Immunologie des Infections Virales et des Maladies Auto-Immunes, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Paris, France
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13
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Delbridge ARD, Huh D, Brickelmaier M, Burns JC, Roberts C, Challa R, Raymond N, Cullen P, Carlile TM, Ennis KA, Liu M, Sun C, Allaire NE, Foos M, Tsai HH, Franchimont N, Ransohoff RM, Butts C, Mingueneau M. Organotypic Brain Slice Culture Microglia Exhibit Molecular Similarity to Acutely-Isolated Adult Microglia and Provide a Platform to Study Neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:592005. [PMID: 33473245 PMCID: PMC7812919 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.592005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are central nervous system (CNS) resident immune cells that have been implicated in neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of a variety of neurological conditions. Their manifold context-dependent contributions to neuroinflammation are only beginning to be elucidated, which can be attributed in part to the challenges of studying microglia in vivo and the lack of tractable in vitro systems to study microglia function. Organotypic brain slice cultures offer a tissue-relevant context that enables the study of CNS resident cells and the analysis of brain slice microglial phenotypes has provided important insights, in particular into neuroprotective functions. Here we use RNA sequencing, direct digital quantification of gene expression with nCounter® technology and targeted analysis of individual microglial signature genes, to characterize brain slice microglia relative to acutely-isolated counterparts and 2-dimensional (2D) primary microglia cultures, a widely used in vitro surrogate. Analysis using single cell and population-based methods found brain slice microglia exhibited better preservation of canonical microglia markers and overall gene expression with stronger fidelity to acutely-isolated adult microglia, relative to in vitro cells. We characterized the dynamic phenotypic changes of brain slice microglia over time, after plating in culture. Mechanical damage associated with slice preparation prompted an initial period of inflammation, which resolved over time. Based on flow cytometry and gene expression profiling we identified the 2-week timepoint as optimal for investigation of microglia responses to exogenously-applied stimuli as exemplified by treatment-induced neuroinflammatory changes observed in microglia following LPS, TNF and GM-CSF addition to the culture medium. Altogether these findings indicate that brain slice cultures provide an experimental system superior to in vitro culture of microglia as a surrogate to investigate microglia functions, and the impact of soluble factors and cellular context on their physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R D Delbridge
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Biogen Postdoctoral Scientist Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Dann Huh
- Translational Biology, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Margot Brickelmaier
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jeremy C Burns
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Chris Roberts
- Translational Biology, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ravi Challa
- Translational Biology, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Naideline Raymond
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Patrick Cullen
- Translational Biology, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Katelin A Ennis
- Genetic and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mei Liu
- Biogen Postdoctoral Scientist Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Chao Sun
- Biogen Postdoctoral Scientist Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Normand E Allaire
- Biogen Postdoctoral Scientist Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Marianna Foos
- Biogen Postdoctoral Scientist Program, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Hui-Hsin Tsai
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Richard M Ransohoff
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Cherie Butts
- Digital & Quantitative Medicine, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, United States
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14
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Rivière E, Pascaud J, Tchitchek N, Boudaoud S, Paoletti A, Ly B, Dupré A, Chen H, Thai A, Allaire N, Jagla B, Mingueneau M, Nocturne G, Mariette X. Salivary gland epithelial cells from patients with Sjögren's syndrome induce B-lymphocyte survival and activation. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1468-1477. [PMID: 32843324 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is characterised by chronic hyperactivation of B lymphocytes. Salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) could play a role in promoting B-lymphocyte activation within the target tissue. We aimed to study the interactions between SGECs from patients with pSS or controls and B lymphocytes. METHODS Patients had pSS according to 2016 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology criteria. Gene expression analysis of SGECs and B lymphocytes from pSS and controls isolated from salivary gland biopsies and blood was performed by RNA-seq. SGECs from pSS and controls were cocultured with B-lymphocytes sorted from healthy donor blood and were stimulated. Transwell and inhibition experiments were performed. RESULTS Gene expression analysis of SGECs identified an upregulation of interferon signalling pathway and genes involved in immune responses (HLA-DRA, IL-7 and B-cell activating factor receptor) in pSS. Activation genes CD40 and CD48 were upregulated in salivary gland sorted B lymphocytes from patients with pSS. SGECs induced an increase in B-lymphocyte survival, which was higher for SGECs from patients with pSS than controls. Moreover, when stimulated with poly(I:C), SGECs from patients with pSS induced higher activation of B-lymphocytes than those from controls. This effect depended on soluble factors. Inhibition with anti-B-cell activating factor, anti-A proliferation-inducing ligand, anti-interleukin-6-R antibodies, JAK1/3 inhibitor or hydroxychloroquine had no effect, conversely to leflunomide, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) or phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS SGECs from patients with pSS had better ability than those from controls to induce survival and activation of B lymphocytes. Targeting a single cytokine did not inhibit this effect, whereas leflunomide, BTK or PI3K inhibitors partially decreased B-lymphocyte viability in this model. This gives indications for future therapeutic options in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Rivière
- Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, INSERM U1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Fondation Arthritis, Arthritis R&D, Paris, France.,Rheumatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Juliette Pascaud
- Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, INSERM U1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, INSERM U1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Saida Boudaoud
- Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, INSERM U1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Audrey Paoletti
- Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, INSERM U1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Bineta Ly
- Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, INSERM U1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anastasia Dupré
- Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, INSERM U1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Hua Chen
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Alice Thai
- Immunology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Norm Allaire
- Immunology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bernd Jagla
- Biomarker Discovery Platform UTechS CB, Hub de Bioinformatique et biostatistique C3IB, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Gaetane Nocturne
- Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, INSERM U1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France .,Rheumatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Immunology of viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, INSERM U1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Rheumatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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15
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Burns JC, Cotleur B, Walther DM, Bajrami B, Rubino SJ, Wei R, Franchimont N, Cotman SL, Ransohoff RM, Mingueneau M. Differential accumulation of storage bodies with aging defines discrete subsets of microglia in the healthy brain. eLife 2020; 9:e57495. [PMID: 32579115 PMCID: PMC7367682 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, microglia subsets in the healthy CNS have not been identified. Utilizing autofluorescence (AF) as a discriminating parameter, we identified two novel microglia subsets in both mice and non-human primates, termed autofluorescence-positive (AF+) and negative (AF-). While their proportion remained constant throughout most adult life, the AF signal linearly and specifically increased in AF+ microglia with age and correlated with a commensurate increase in size and complexity of lysosomal storage bodies, as detected by transmission electron microscopy and LAMP1 levels. Post-depletion repopulation kinetics revealed AF- cells as likely precursors of AF+ microglia. At the molecular level, the proteome of AF+ microglia showed overrepresentation of endolysosomal, autophagic, catabolic, and mTOR-related proteins. Mimicking the effect of advanced aging, genetic disruption of lysosomal function accelerated the accumulation of storage bodies in AF+ cells and led to impaired microglia physiology and cell death, suggestive of a mechanistic convergence between aging and lysosomal storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Carlos Burns
- Multiple Sclerosis & Neurorepair Research Unit, BiogenCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Bunny Cotleur
- Emerging Neurosciences Research Unit, BiogenCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - Bekim Bajrami
- Chemical Biology and ProteomicsCambridgeUnited States
| | - Stephen J Rubino
- Multiple Sclerosis & Neurorepair Research Unit, BiogenCambridgeUnited States
| | - Ru Wei
- Chemical Biology and ProteomicsCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - Susan L Cotman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | | | - Michael Mingueneau
- Multiple Sclerosis & Neurorepair Research Unit, BiogenCambridgeUnited States
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16
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Szymaniak AD, Mi R, McCarthy SE, Gower AC, Reynolds TL, Mingueneau M, Kukuruzinska M, Varelas X. The Hippo pathway effector YAP is an essential regulator of ductal progenitor patterning in the mouse submandibular gland. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28492365 PMCID: PMC5466420 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary glands, such as submandibular glands (SMGs), are composed of branched epithelial ductal networks that terminate in acini that together produce, transport and secrete saliva. Here, we show that the transcriptional regulator Yap, a key effector of the Hippo pathway, is required for the proper patterning and morphogenesis of SMG epithelium. Epithelial deletion of Yap in developing SMGs results in the loss of ductal structures, arising from reduced expression of the EGF family member Epiregulin, which we show is required for the expansion of Krt5/Krt14-positive ductal progenitors. We further show that epithelial deletion of the Lats1 and Lats2 genes, which encode kinases that restrict nuclear Yap localization, results in morphogenesis defects accompanied by an expansion of Krt5/Krt14-positive cells. Collectively, our data indicate that Yap-induced Epiregulin signaling promotes the identity of SMG ductal progenitors and that removal of nuclear Yap by Lats1/2-mediated signaling is critical for proper ductal maturation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23499.001 Our mouths are continually bathed by saliva – a thick, clear liquid that helps us to swallow and digest our food and protects us against infections. Saliva is produced by and released from salivary glands, which are organs that contain a branched network of tubes. Salivary glands can only properly develop if immature cells known as stem cells, which give rise to the mature cells in the organ, are controlled. Despite their importance for development of salivary glands, little has been known about the signals that control these stem cells. Szymaniak et al. have now discovered new regulators of the salivary gland stem cells in mice, including essential roles in the regulation of these cells by a protein known as Yap. The Yap protein is controlled by a set of proteins that together are known as the Hippo pathway. Szymaniak et al. found that when the gene for Yap was deleted in mice very few stem cells were made, and the transport tubes of the salivary tubes failed to develop. Conversely, when the Hippo pathway was disrupted in mice there were too many stem cells because they could not properly develop into the mature cells, leading to incorrect transport tube development.. These results indicate that Yap is essential for controlling the stem cells of the salivary glands, and offer important insight into the signals that control how the salivary glands develop. The next step will be to investigate whether the Hippo pathway or Yap are affected in diseases of the salivary gland, which often show incorrect numbers of stem cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23499.002
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rongjuan Mi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Shannon E McCarthy
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Adam C Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | | | | | - Maria Kukuruzinska
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
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17
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Zhao L, Nocturne G, Haskett S, Boudaoud S, Lazure T, Le Pajolec C, Mariette X, Mingueneau M, Banerjee D. Clinical relevance of RORγ positive and negative subsets of CD161+CD4+ T cells in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 56:303-312. [PMID: 27803305 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relevance of the Th17 pathway in primary SS (pSS) is unclear. Published studies have relied on restimulating circulating CD161+ T cells in vitro for quantitation of IL-17-producing cells. While CD161 marks all IL-17+ T cells, it is also expressed by other Th subsets. The aim of this study was to directly analyse retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor (ROR)-γ expressing and non-expressing subsets of CD161+ T cells to determine the relevance of the Th17 pathway in pSS. METHODS We quantitated the frequencies of both CD161- and RORγ-expressing T cells by comparative flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a well-stratified cohort of pSS patients and control subjects. We also analysed the expression of antigen D-related HLA (HLA-DR) and CD161 in labial salivary glands from nine subjects undergoing a diagnostic biopsy. RESULTS While the frequencies of both RORγ+ and RORγ- subsets of CD161+ CD4+ T cells were increased in peripheral blood from pSS patients, the increase in the RORγ+ subset positively correlated with humoral manifestations of the disease (anti-SSA/SSB autoantibodies and hypergammaglobulinaemia), but not with disease activity, and vice versa for the RORγ- subset. An increased frequency of HLA-DR+ CD161+CD4+ T cells was observed in labial salivary gland biopsies from pSS patients, suggesting chronic activation of CD161+CD4+ T cells in the target tissue of the disease. CONCLUSION In addition to pointing to CD161 as a marker of a pathogenic subset of CD4+ T cells in pSS patients, our data indicate that even though the RORγ+ (Th17) CD161+ subset might contribute to humoral manifestations of the disease, the RORγ- (non-Th17) CD161+ subset is the one associated with disease activity in pSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhao
- Immunology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gaetane Nocturne
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud.,INSERM, U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Saida Boudaoud
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud.,INSERM, U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases
| | - Thierry Lazure
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud.,INSERM, U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christine Le Pajolec
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud.,INSERM, U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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18
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Haskett S, Ding J, Zhang W, Thai A, Cullen P, Xu S, Petersen B, Kuznetsov G, Jandreski L, Hamann S, Reynolds TL, Allaire N, Zheng TS, Mingueneau M. Identification of Novel CD4+ T Cell Subsets in the Target Tissue of Sjögren's Syndrome and Their Differential Regulation by the Lymphotoxin/LIGHT Signaling Axis. J Immunol 2016; 197:3806-3819. [PMID: 27815440 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite being one of the most common rheumatologic diseases, there is still no disease-modifying drug for primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Advancing our knowledge of the target tissue has been limited by the low dimensionality of histology techniques and the small size of human salivary gland biopsies. In this study, we took advantage of a molecularly validated mouse model of pSS to characterize tissue-infiltrating CD4+ T cells and their regulation by the lymphotoxin/LIGHT signaling axis. Novel cell subsets were identified by combining highly dimensional flow and mass cytometry with transcriptomic analyses. Pharmacologic modulation of the LTβR signaling pathway was achieved by treating mice with LTβR-Ig, a therapeutic intervention currently being tested in pSS patients (Baminercept trial NCT01552681). Using these approaches, we identified two novel CD4+ T cell subsets characterized by high levels of PD1: Prdm1+ effector regulatory T cells expressing immunoregulatory factors, such as Il10, Areg, Fgl2, and Itgb8, and Il21+ effector conventional T cells expressing a pathogenic transcriptional signature. Mirroring these observations in mice, large numbers of CD4+PD1+ T cells were detected in salivary glands from Sjögren's patients but not in normal salivary glands or kidney biopsies from lupus nephritis patients. Unexpectedly, LTβR-Ig selectively halted the recruitment of PD1- naive, but not PD1+, effector T cells to the target tissue, leaving the cells with pathogenic potential unaffected. Altogether, this study revealed new cellular players in pSS pathogenesis, their transcriptional signatures, and differential dependency on the lymphotoxin/LIGHT signaling axis that help to interpret the negative results of the Baminercept trial and will guide future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Ding
- Immunology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Wei Zhang
- Immunology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Alice Thai
- Immunology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - Shanqin Xu
- Immunology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Norm Allaire
- Immunology Research, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142
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19
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Ding J, Zhang W, Haskett S, Pellerin A, Xu S, Petersen B, Jandreski L, Hamann S, Reynolds TL, Zheng TS, Mingueneau M. BAFF overexpression increases lymphocytic infiltration in Sjögren's target tissue, but only inefficiently promotes ectopic B-cell differentiation. Clin Immunol 2016; 169:69-79. [PMID: 27352977 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) levels are increased in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). However, BAFF contribution to pathogenesis is not completely understood. In pSS, immune infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands leads to xerostomia and xerophtalmia. Glandular B cell hyperactivation, differentiation into germinal center (GC)-like structures and plasma cell accumulation are histopathological hallmarks that were attributed to increased BAFF. Here, we experimentally tested this hypothesis by overexpressing BAFF in a mouse model of pSS. BAFF overexpression enhanced lymphocytic infiltration and MHCII expression on B cells. Increased BAFF also induced B cell differentiation into GC B cells within the autoimmune target tissue. However, even in these conditions, GC B cells only accounted for <1% of glandular B cells, demonstrating that BAFF is not efficiently promoting ectopic GC formation in pSS and warranting further investigation of therapeutics targeting both BAFF and the related TNF-family member APRIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ding
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Scott Haskett
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Alex Pellerin
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Shanqin Xu
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Britta Petersen
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Luke Jandreski
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Stefan Hamann
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Taylor L Reynolds
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Timothy S Zheng
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- Immunology Research, Biogen, 115 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
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20
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Mingueneau M, Boudaoud S, Haskett S, Reynolds TL, Nocturne G, Norton E, Zhang X, Constant M, Park D, Wang W, Lazure T, Le Pajolec C, Ergun A, Mariette X. Cytometry by time-of-flight immunophenotyping identifies a blood Sjögren's signature correlating with disease activity and glandular inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 137:1809-1821.e12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Mingueneau M, Chaix A, Scotti N, Chaix J, Reynders A, Hammond C, Thimonier J. A multidisciplinary guided practical on type I diabetes engaging students in inquiry-based learning. Adv Physiol Educ 2015; 39:383-391. [PMID: 26628664 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00045.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present article, we describe a 3-day experimental workshop on type I diabetes aimed at helping high school students to understand how fundamental research on glycemia regulation contributes to the development of scientific knowledge and therapeutic strategies. The workshop engaged students in open-ended investigations and guided experiments. Each class was divided into three or four groups, with each group working with a trained doctoral student or postdoctoral fellow. During an initial questioning phase, students observed slides depicting the glycemia of individuals in various situations. Students identified hyperglycemic individuals relative to the average glycemia of the displayed population. Students were asked to devise a treatment for these diabetics. They quickly realized that they couldn't experiment on patients and understood the need for laboratory models. Each group gave ideas of experiments to perform. We then explained, taking into account their propositions, the protocols students could execute to address one of the following questions: Which criteria must an animal model of diabetes fulfill? How do pancreatic cells maintain glycemia? Is there a way to produce an insulin protein similar to the one released by human pancreatic cells? We used two different evaluation metrics of the workshop: a questionnaire filled out by the students before and after the workshop and a poster produced by students at the end of the workshop. We found that this educational approach successfully improved student awareness and understanding of the scientific reasoning and research process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mingueneau
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Parc Scientifique en Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France;
| | - A Chaix
- INSERM U891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - N Scotti
- Institut de Management Public et de Gouvernance Territoriale, Université Paul Cézanne, Marseille, France; and
| | - J Chaix
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Parc Scientifique en Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - A Reynders
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Parc Scientifique en Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - C Hammond
- Equipe de Recherche Technologique en Éducation, Association Tous Chercheurs, Aix-Marseille Université-INSERM, INMED UMR 901, Marseille, France
| | - J Thimonier
- Equipe de Recherche Technologique en Éducation, Association Tous Chercheurs, Aix-Marseille Université-INSERM, INMED UMR 901, Marseille, France
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22
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Mingueneau M, Chaix A, Scotti N, Chaix J, Reynders A, Hammond C, Thimonier J. Hands-on experiments on glycemia regulation and type 1 diabetes. Adv Physiol Educ 2015; 39:232-239. [PMID: 26330044 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00047.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present article, we describe a 3-day experimental workshop on glycemia regulation and type 1 diabetes that engages students in open-ended investigations and guided experiments leading to results that are not already known to them. After an initial questioning phase during which students observe PowerPoint slides depicting the glycemia (blood glucose levels) of individuals in various situations, students design, execute, and interpret experiments to address one of the following questions: 1) Which criteria must an animal model of diabetes fulfill? 2) How do pancreatic cells maintain glycemia constant? and 3) Is there a way to produce an insulin protein similar to the one released by human pancreatic cells? Students then 1) measure glycemia and glycosuria in control mice and in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes (Alloxan-treated mice), 2) measure the release of insulin by pancreatic β-cells (INS-1 cell line) in response to different concentrations of glucose in the extracellular medium, and 3) transfect Chinese hamster ovary cells with a plasmid coding for green fluorescent protein, observe green fluorescent protein fluorescence of some of the transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells under the microscope, and observe the characteristics of human insulin protein and its three-dimensional conformation using RASMOL software. At the end of the experimental session, students make posters and present their work to researchers. Back at school, they may also present their work to their colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mingueneau
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Parc Scientifique and Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France;
| | - A Chaix
- INSERM U891, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - N Scotti
- Institut de Management Public et de Gouvernance Territoriale, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; and
| | - J Chaix
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Parc Scientifique and Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - A Reynders
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Parc Scientifique and Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - C Hammond
- Equipe de Recherche Technologique en éducation, Association Tous Chercheurs, Aix-Marseille Université-INSERM, INMED UMR 901, Marseille, France
| | - J Thimonier
- Equipe de Recherche Technologique en éducation, Association Tous Chercheurs, Aix-Marseille Université-INSERM, INMED UMR 901, Marseille, France
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23
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Haskett S, Boudaoud S, Reynolds T, Nocturne G, Themeles M, Dunstan R, Zheng T, Mingueneau M, Xavier M. AB0170 Cytof Analysis of Lip Biopsies from SjÖgren's Subjects Identifies Dysregulated Immune and Non-Immune Cell Subsets. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Krishnaswamy S, Spitzer MH, Mingueneau M, Bendall SC, Litvin O, Stone E, Pe'er D, Nolan GP. Systems biology. Conditional density-based analysis of T cell signaling in single-cell data. Science 2014; 346:1250689. [PMID: 25342659 DOI: 10.1126/science.1250689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular circuits sense the environment, process signals, and compute decisions using networks of interacting proteins. To model such a system, the abundance of each activated protein species can be described as a stochastic function of the abundance of other proteins. High-dimensional single-cell technologies, such as mass cytometry, offer an opportunity to characterize signaling circuit-wide. However, the challenge of developing and applying computational approaches to interpret such complex data remains. Here, we developed computational methods, based on established statistical concepts, to characterize signaling network relationships by quantifying the strengths of network edges and deriving signaling response functions. In comparing signaling between naïve and antigen-exposed CD4(+) T lymphocytes, we find that although these two cell subtypes had similarly wired networks, naïve cells transmitted more information along a key signaling cascade than did antigen-exposed cells. We validated our characterization on mice lacking the extracellular-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ERK2, which showed stronger influence of pERK on pS6 (phosphorylated-ribosomal protein S6), in naïve cells as compared with antigen-exposed cells, as predicted. We demonstrate that by using cell-to-cell variation inherent in single-cell data, we can derive response functions underlying molecular circuits and drive the understanding of how cells process signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Mingueneau
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean C Bendall
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oren Litvin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erica Stone
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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25
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Mingueneau M, Kreslavsky T, Gray D, Heng T, Cruse R, Ericson J, Bendall S, Spitzer MH, Nolan GP, Kobayashi K, von Boehmer H, Mathis D, Benoist C, Best AJ, Knell J, Goldrath A, Joic V, Koller D, Shay T, Regev A, Cohen N, Brennan P, Brenner M, Kim F, Nageswara Rao T, Wagers A, Heng T, Ericson J, Rothamel K, Ortiz-Lopez A, Mathis D, Benoist C, Bezman NA, Sun JC, Min-Oo G, Kim CC, Lanier LL, Miller J, Brown B, Merad M, Gautier EL, Jakubzick C, Randolph GJ, Monach P, Blair DA, Dustin ML, Shinton SA, Hardy RR, Laidlaw D, Collins J, Gazit R, Rossi DJ, Malhotra N, Sylvia K, Kang J, Kreslavsky T, Fletcher A, Elpek K, Bellemare-Pelletier A, Malhotra D, Turley S. The transcriptional landscape of αβ T cell differentiation. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:619-32. [PMID: 23644507 PMCID: PMC3660436 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
αβT cell differentiation from thymic precursors is a complex process, explored here with the breadth of ImmGen expression datasets, analyzing how differentiation of thymic precursors gives rise to transcriptomes. After surprisingly gradual changes though early T commitment, transit through the CD4+CD8+ stage involves a shutdown or rare breadth, and correlating tightly with MYC. MHC-driven selection promotes a large-scale transcriptional reactivation. We identify distinct signatures that mark cells destined for positive selection versus apoptotic deletion. Differential expression of surprisingly few genes accompany CD4 or CD8 commitment, a similarity that carries through to peripheral T cells and their activation, revealed by mass cytometry phosphoproteomics. The novel transcripts identified as candidate mediators of key transitions help define the “known unknown” of thymocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mingueneau
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Abstract
Based on analyses of multiple TCR transgenic (tg) models, the emergence of pathogenic T cells in diabetes-prone NOD mice has been ascribed to a failure to censure autoreactive clones in the thymus. In contrast, using isolated and preselected thymocytes, we show that nonobese diabetic (NOD) genetic variation impairs neither clonal deletion nor downstream transcriptional programs. However, we find that NOD genetic variation influences αβ/γδ-lineage decisions promoted by early expression of tg αβ-TCRs at the double-negative (DN) stage. In B6 and other genetic backgrounds, tg αβ-TCRs behave like γδ-TCRs and commit a large fraction of DNs toward the γδ-lineage, thereby decreasing the size of the double-positive (DP) pool, which is efficiently positively and negatively selected. In NOD DNs, αβ-TCR signalosomes instead behave like pre-TCRs, resulting in high numbers of DPs competing for limited selection niches, and poor positive and negative selection. Once niche effects are neutralized in mixed bone marrow chimeras, positive and negative selection are equally efficient on B6 and NOD backgrounds. Biochemical analysis revealed a selective defect in the activation of Erk1/2 downstream of NOD αβ-TCR signalosomes. Therefore, NOD genetic variation influences αβ/γδ-lineage decisions when the αβ-TCR heterodimer is prematurely expressed, but not the process of negative selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mingueneau
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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27
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Roncagalli R, Mingueneau M, Grégoire C, Malissen M, Malissen B. LAT signaling pathology: an "autoimmune" condition without T cell self-reactivity. Trends Immunol 2010; 31:253-9. [PMID: 20542732 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Partial loss-of-function mutations in several molecules involved in T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling result in inflammation and autoimmunity. How can mutations that reduce TCR signaling output, paradoxically lead to immune pathology? This review summarizes experiments demonstrating that mutations in the linker for activation of T cells (LAT) predispose toward aberrant T cell responses to antigen in the presence of normal thymic selection. In the absence of LAT, antigen-specific T cells give rise to self-perpetuating pro-inflammatory responses and induce the production of autoantibodies independently of TCR engagement. Therefore, some pathological conditions called "autoimmune" might not result from the presence of self-reactive T cells, but from defective mechanisms that normally keep T cell activation in check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Roncagalli
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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28
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Roncagalli R, Mingueneau M, Grégoire C, Langlet C, Malissen B, Malissen M. Lymphoproliferative disorders involving T helper effector cells with defective LAT signalosomes. Semin Immunopathol 2010; 32:117-25. [PMID: 20107804 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-009-0195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Linker for activation of T cells (LAT) is a membrane adaptor protein that is expressed in T cells and coordinates the assembly of a multiprotein complex-the LAT signalosome-that links the T cell-specific and the ubiquitous components of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling pathway. The present review focuses on recent LAT knock-in mice that were found to develop lymphoproliferative disorders involving polyclonal CD4(+) T cells that produced excessive amounts of T helper-type 2 cytokines. These mouse models revealed that LAT constitutes more than just a positive regulator of TCR signaling and plays a negative regulatory role that contributes to terminate antigen-driven T cell responses by exerting a repressive function on components of the TCR signaling cassette that lie upstream of LAT or function independently of LAT. In the absence of such a LAT-operated negative regulatory loop that is intrinsic to conventional CD4(+) T cells and of no lesser importance than the extrinsic regulatory mechanisms mediated by regulatory T cells, physiologic, antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell responses evolve into chronic pro-inflammatory responses that perpetuate themselves in a manner that does not depend on engagement of the TCR and that induce the production of massive amounts of antibodies and autoantibodies in a major histocompatibility complex-II-independent, "quasi-mitogenic" mode. As discussed, these data underscore that a novel immunopathology proper to defective LAT signalosomes is likely taking shape, and we propose to call it "LAT signaling pathology."
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Roncagalli
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Case 906, Université de la Méditerranée, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France
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29
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Mingueneau M, Roncagalli R, Grégoire C, Kissenpfennig A, Miazek A, Archambaud C, Wang Y, Perrin P, Bertosio E, Sansoni A, Richelme S, Locksley RM, Aguado E, Malissen M, Malissen B. Loss of the LAT adaptor converts antigen-responsive T cells into pathogenic effectors that function independently of the T cell receptor. Immunity 2009; 31:197-208. [PMID: 19682930 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite compromised T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling, mice in which tyrosine 136 of the adaptor linker for activation of T cells (LAT) was constitutively mutated (Lat(Y136F) mice) accumulate CD4(+) T cells that trigger autoimmunity and inflammation. Here we show that equipping postthymic CD4(+) T cells with LATY136F molecules or rendering them deficient in LAT molecules triggers a lymphoproliferative disorder dependent on prior TCR engagement. Therefore, such disorders required neither faulty thymic T cell maturation nor LATY136F molecules. Unexpectedly, in CD4(+) T cells recently deprived of LAT, the proximal triggering module of the TCR induced a spectrum of protein tyrosine phosphorylation that largely overlapped the one observed in the presence of LAT. The fact that such LAT-independent signals result in lymphoproliferative disorders with excessive cytokine production demonstrates that LAT constitutes a key negative regulator of the triggering module and of the LAT-independent branches of the TCR signaling cassette.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mingueneau
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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30
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Archambaud C, Sansoni A, Mingueneau M, Devilard E, Delsol G, Malissen B, Malissen M. STAT6 deletion converts the Th2 inflammatory pathology afflicting Lat(Y136F) mice into a lymphoproliferative disorder involving Th1 and CD8 effector T cells. J Immunol 2009; 182:2680-9. [PMID: 19234162 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutant mice in which tyrosine 136 of linker for activation of T cells (LAT) was replaced with a phenylalanine (Lat(Y136F) mice) develop a lymphoproliferative disorder involving polyclonal CD4 effector T cells that produce massive amounts of IL-4 and trigger severe Th2 inflammation. Naive CD4 T cells can themselves produce IL-4 and thereby initiate a self-reinforcing positive regulatory loop that involves the STAT6 transcription factor and leads to Th2 polarization. We determined the functional outcome that results when Lat(Y136F) T cells differentiate in the absence of such STAT6-dependent regulatory loop. The lack of STAT6 had no effect on the timing and magnitude of the lymphoproliferative disorder. However, in Lat(Y136F) mice deprived of STAT6, the expanding CD4 T cell population was dominated by Th1 effector cells that triggered B cell proliferation, elevated IgG2a and IgG2b levels as well as the production of autoantibodies. In contrast to Lat(Y136F) mice that showed no CD8 T cell expansion, the CD8 T cells present in Lat(Y136F) mice deprived of STAT6 massively expanded and acquired effector potential. Therefore, the lack of STAT6 is sufficient to convert the Th2 lymphoproliferative disorder that characterizes Lat(Y136F) mice into a lymphoproliferative disorder that is dominated by Th1 and CD8 effector T cells. The possibility to dispose of a pair of mice that differs by a single gene and develops in the absence of deliberate immunization large numbers of Th cells with almost reciprocal polarization should facilitate the identification of genes involved in the control of normal and pathological Th cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristel Archambaud
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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31
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Wang Y, Kissenpfennig A, Mingueneau M, Richelme S, Perrin P, Chevrier S, Genton C, Lucas B, DiSanto JP, Acha-Orbea H, Malissen B, Malissen M. Th2 lymphoproliferative disorder of LatY136F mutant mice unfolds independently of TCR-MHC engagement and is insensitive to the action of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. J Immunol 2008; 180:1565-75. [PMID: 18209052 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutant mice where tyrosine 136 of linker for activation of T cells (LAT) was replaced with a phenylalanine (Lat(Y136F) mice) develop a fast-onset lymphoproliferative disorder involving polyclonal CD4 T cells that produce massive amounts of Th2 cytokines and trigger severe inflammation and autoantibodies. We analyzed whether the Lat(Y136F) pathology constitutes a bona fide autoimmune disorder dependent on TCR specificity. Using adoptive transfer experiments, we demonstrated that the expansion and uncontrolled Th2-effector function of Lat(Y136F) CD4 cells are not triggered by an MHC class II-driven, autoreactive process. Using Foxp3EGFP reporter mice, we further showed that nonfunctional Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells are present in Lat(Y136F) mice and that pathogenic Lat(Y136F) CD4 T cells were capable of escaping the control of infused wild-type Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. These results argue against a scenario where the Lat(Y136F) pathology is primarily due to a lack of functional Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and suggest that a defect intrinsic to Lat(Y136F) CD4 T cells leads to a state of TCR-independent hyperactivity. This abnormal status confers Lat(Y136F) CD4 T cells with the ability to trigger the production of Abs and of autoantibodies in a TCR-independent, quasi-mitogenic fashion. Therefore, despite the presence of autoantibodies causative of severe systemic disease, the pathological conditions observed in Lat(Y136F) mice unfold in an Ag-independent manner and thus do not qualify as a genuine autoimmune disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM/CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 09, France
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32
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Malissen B, Wang Y, Mingueneau M, Malissen M. Th2 Lymphoproliferative Disorders Resulting from Defective LAT Signalosomes. Decoding the Genomic Control of Immune Reactions 2007; 281:93-100; discussion 100-2, 208-9. [PMID: 17534068 DOI: 10.1002/9780470062128.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
LAT (linker for activation of T cells) is an integral membrane adaptor protein that constitutes in T cells a major substrate of the ZAP-70 protein tyrosine kinase. LAT coordinates the assembly of a multiprotein signalling complex through phosphotyrosine-based motifs present within its intracytoplasmic segment. The resulting 'LAT signalosome' links the TCR to the main intracellular signalling pathways that regulate T cell development and T cell function. Early studies using transformed T cell lines suggested that LAT acts primarily as a positive regulator of T cell receptor (TCR) signalling. The partial or complete inhibition of T cell development observed in several mouse lines harbouring mutant forms of LAT was congruent with that view. More recently, LAT 'knock-ins' harbouring point mutations in the four COOH-terminal tyrosine residues, were found to develop lymphoproliferative disorders involving polyclonal T cells that produced high amounts of T helper-type 2 (Th2) cytokines. This unexpected finding revealed that LAT also constitutes a negative regulator of TCR signalling and T cell homeostasis. As discussed, the available data underscore that a novel immunopathology proper to defective LAT signalosome is likely taking shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Case 906, 13288 Marseille, France
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Chiesa S, Mingueneau M, Fuseri N, Malissen B, Raulet DH, Malissen M, Vivier E, Tomasello E. Multiplicity and plasticity of natural killer cell signaling pathways. Blood 2006; 107:2364-72. [PMID: 16291591 PMCID: PMC1895728 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells express an array of activating receptors that associate with DAP12 (KARAP), CD3zeta, and/or FcRgamma ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif)-bearing signaling subunits. In T and mast cells, ITAM-dependent signals are integrated by critical scaffolding elements such as LAT (linker for activation of T cells) and NTAL (non-T-cell activation linker). Using mice that are deficient for ITAM-bearing molecules, LAT or NTAL, we show that NK cell cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma secretion are initiated by ITAM-dependent and -independent as well as LAT/NTAL-dependent and -independent pathways. The role of these various signaling circuits depends on the target cell as well as on the activation status of the NK cell. The multiplicity and the plasticity of the pathways that initiate NK cell effector functions contrast with the situation in T cells and B cells and provide an explanation for the resiliency of NK cell effector functions to various pharmacologic inhibitors and genetic mutations in signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Chiesa
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM/CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille Cedex 09, France
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