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Rodríguez MA, Fernández LA, Díaz ML, Gallo CA, Corona M, Evans JD, Reynaldi FJ. Bacterial diversity using metagenomics of 16s rDNA in water kefir, an innovative source of probiotics for bee nutrition. Rev Argent Microbiol 2024:S0325-7541(24)00002-6. [PMID: 38272730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Water kefir is a sparkling, slightly acidic fermented beverage made from sugar, water, and water kefir grains, which are a mixture of yeast and bacteria. These grains produce a variety of fermentation compounds such as lactic acid, acetaldehyde, acetoin, ethanol and carbon dioxide. In this study, a high-throughput sequencing technique was used to characterize the bacterial composition of the original water kefir from which potential probiotics were obtained. We studied the bacterial diversity of both water kefir grains and beverages. DNA was extracted from three replicate samples of both grains and beverages using the Powerlyzer Microbial Kit. The hypervariable V1-V2 region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified to prepare six DNA libraries. Between 1.4M and 2.4M base-pairs were sequenced for the library. In total, 28721971 raw reads were obtained from all the samples. Estimated species richness was higher in kefir beverage samples compared to grain samples. Moreover, a higher level of microbial alpha diversity was observed in the beverage samples. Particularly, the predominant bacteria in beverages were Anaerocolumna and Ralstonia, while in grains Liquorilactobacillus dominated, with lower levels of Leuconostoc and Oenococcus. Although the bacterial diversity in kefir grains was low because only three genera were the most represented, all of them are LAB bacteria with the potential to serve as probiotics in the artificial feeding of bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Apícolas (LabEA-CIC), Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), Argentina
| | - Leticia A Fernández
- Laboratorio de Estudios Apícolas (LabEA-CIC), Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Marina L Díaz
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Gallo
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Miguel Corona
- United States Department of Agriculture, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Jay D Evans
- United States Department of Agriculture, Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Francisco J Reynaldi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (CEMIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abban S, Smith B, Corona M, Cook SC, Evans JD, Chen Y, Alburaki M. Prevalence and distribution of Varroa destructor and Nosema spp. in symptomatic honey bee colonies across the USA from 2015 to 2022. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1726. [PMID: 38242935 PMCID: PMC10798951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory received symptomatic honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) samples across the United States for disease diagnosis. Here, we present a retrospective study and cartography of ectoparasite Varroa destructor and intracellular microsporidia parasite Nosema spp. These two major parasites were identified in the diseased honey bee samples between 2015 and 2022. Varroa infestation level (VIL) was examined by a wash technique (Mites/100 bees) and calculated as a percentage, while Nosema infection was quantified by microscopical spore count (Million Spores/Bee). Data were analyzed by month, year, state, and by nine geographical climate regions described in the U.S. Of adult bee samples (n = 4039) that were analyzed for Varroa mite infestation, the overall VIL in the U.S. ranged between 0.4 and 30.85%, with an overall national VIL and Varroa prevalence of 8.21% and 85.14%, respectively. Overall monthly data showed VIL constantly exceeded the critical level of 4% except from June to September and reached a maximum of 15% in January and December. Nationwide, VIL significantly (p < 0.001) increased from 2015 to 2018 (1.1-4.7%), plateaued from 2018 to 2021 (4.7-4.5%), followed by a significant decrease in 2022 (3.6%). Significant VIL differences (p < 0.001) were recorded among climate regions, with the highest mite infestation levels in the Upper Midwest region (13.9%) and the lowest in the West region (5.1%). Of adult bee samples (n = 2,994) that were analyzed for Nosema infection, Nosema spore count ranged between (1-16.8) million spores per bee among states, with a national average of 6.8 and a prevalence of 99.7%. The lowest and highest Nosema loads were respectively recorded in the South region (3.1) and Upper Midwest (10.5), a significant difference (p < 0.001). No statistical differences were recorded among the six other climate regions. Overall, VIL and Nosema infection correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with a regression coefficient of (R2 = 0.6). Our data, which originated from ailing bee colonies, showed significantly higher rates of maladies compared to data from healthy colonies obtained by the USDA-APHIS National Honey Bee Survey, demonstrating the role of bee diseases caused by Varroa mite and Nosema in honey bee population declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Abban
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Bart Smith
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Miguel Corona
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Steven C Cook
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Jay D Evans
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Yanping Chen
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
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Zhang Y, Liu A, Kang Huang S, Evans JD, Cook SC, Palmer-Young E, Corona M, Alburaki M, Liu G, Chou Han R, Feng Li W, Hao Y, Lian Li J, Gilligan TM, Smith-Pardo AH, Banmeke O, Posada-Florez FJ, Hui Gao Y, DeGrandi-Hoffman G, Chun Xie H, Sadzewicz AM, Hamilton M, Ping Chen Y. Mediating a host cell signaling pathway linked to overwinter mortality offers a promising therapeutic approach for improving bee health. J Adv Res 2023; 53:99-114. [PMID: 36564001 PMCID: PMC10658305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Honey bees provides valuable pollination services for world food crops and wild flowering plants which are habitats of many animal species and remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, a powerful tool in the fight against climate change. Nevertheless, the honey bee population has been declining and the majority of colony losses occur during the winter. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to understand the mechanisms underlying overwinter colony losses and develop novel therapeutic strategies for improving bee health. METHODS First, pathogen prevalence in overwintering bees were screened between 2015 and 2018. Second, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) for transcriptional profiling of overwintering honey bees was conducted and qRT-PCR was performed to confirm the results of the differential expression of selected genes. Lastly, laboratory bioassays were conducted to measure the effects of cold challenges on bee survivorship and stress responses and to assess the effect of a novel medication for alleviating cold stress in honey bees. RESULTS We identified that sirtuin signaling pathway is the most significantly enriched pathway among the down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in overwintering diseased bees. Moreover, we showed that the expression of SIRT1 gene, a major sirtuin that regulates energy and immune metabolism, was significantly downregulated in bees merely exposed to cold challenges, linking cold stress with altered gene expression of SIRT1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that activation of SIRT1 gene expression by SRT1720, an activator of SIRT1 expression, could improve the physiology and extend the lifespan of cold-stressed bees. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that increased energy consumption of overwintering bees for maintaining hive temperature reduces the allocation of energy toward immune functions, thus making the overwintering bees more susceptible to disease infections and leading to high winter colony losses. The novel information gained from this study provides a promising avenue for the development of therapeutic strategies for mitigating colony losses, both overwinter and annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guanzhou 510260, PR China; U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; School of Chinese Medicinal Resource, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu 527527, PR China
| | - Andrew Liu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Shao Kang Huang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; College of Animal Sciences (Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Jay D Evans
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Steve C Cook
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Evan Palmer-Young
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Miguel Corona
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Mohamed Alburaki
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Ge Liu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Ri Chou Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guanzhou 510260, PR China
| | - Wen Feng Li
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Yue Hao
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Ji Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Todd M Gilligan
- Identification Technology Program (ITP) Molecular Laboratory, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology (S&T), Fort Collins, CO 80526-1825, USA
| | - Allan H Smith-Pardo
- Identification Technology Program (ITP) Molecular Laboratory, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology (S&T), Fort Collins, CO 80526-1825, USA
| | - Olubukola Banmeke
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Francisco J Posada-Florez
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Ya Hui Gao
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | | | - Hui Chun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Alex M Sadzewicz
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Michele Hamilton
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Yan Ping Chen
- U.S. Department of Agriculture -Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Saldaña-Robles A, Arcibar-Orozco JA, Guerrero-Mosqueda LR, Damián-Ascencio CE, Marquez-Herrera A, Corona M, Gallegos-Muñoz A, Cano-Andrade S. Synthesis of Composites for the Removal of F - Anions. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2277. [PMID: 37630861 PMCID: PMC10458539 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis of amine and ferrihydrite functionalized graphene oxide for the removal of fluoride from water. The synthesis of the graphene oxide and the modified with amine groups is developed by following the modified Hummer's method. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, surface charge distribution, specific surface area and porosity, adsorption isotherms, and the van't Hoff equation are used for the characterization of the synthesized materials. Results show that the addition of amines with ferrihydrite generates wrinkles on the surface layers, suggesting a successful incorporation of nitrogen onto the graphene oxide; and as a consequence, the adsorption capacity per unit area of the materials is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Saldaña-Robles
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Ex Hacienda El Copal km 9, Irapuato 36500, Mexico; (L.R.G.-M.); (A.M.-H.)
| | | | - Luz Rocío Guerrero-Mosqueda
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Ex Hacienda El Copal km 9, Irapuato 36500, Mexico; (L.R.G.-M.); (A.M.-H.)
| | | | - Alfredo Marquez-Herrera
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Ex Hacienda El Copal km 9, Irapuato 36500, Mexico; (L.R.G.-M.); (A.M.-H.)
| | - Miguel Corona
- Mechanical Engineering and Management, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, COARA, San Luis Potosi 78000, Mexico;
| | - Armando Gallegos-Muñoz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, Salamanca 36885, Mexico; (A.G.-M.); (S.C.-A.)
| | - Sergio Cano-Andrade
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, Salamanca 36885, Mexico; (A.G.-M.); (S.C.-A.)
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Corona M, Branchiccela B, Alburaki M, Palmer-Young EC, Madella S, Chen Y, Evans JD. Decoupling the effects of nutrition, age, and behavioral caste on honey bee physiology, immunity, and colony health. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1149840. [PMID: 36994419 PMCID: PMC10040860 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1149840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional stress, especially a dearth of pollen, has been linked to honey bee colony losses. Colony-level experiments are critical for understanding the mechanisms by which nutritional stress affects individual honey bee physiology and pushes honey bee colonies to collapse. In this study, we investigated the impact of pollen restriction on key markers of honey bee physiology, main elements of the immune system, and predominant honey bee viruses. To achieve this objective, we uncoupled the effects of behavior, age, and nutritional conditions using a new colony establishment technique designed to control size, demography, and genetic background. Our results showed that the expression of storage proteins, including vitellogenin (vg) and royal jelly major protein 1 (mrjp1), were significantly associated with nursing, pollen ingestion, and older age. On the other hand, genes involved in hormonal regulation including insulin-like peptides (ilp1 and ilp2) and methyl farnesoate epoxidase (mfe), exhibited higher expression levels in young foragers from colonies not experiencing pollen restriction. In contrast, pollen restriction induced higher levels of insulin-like peptides in old nurses. On the other hand, we found a strong effect of behavior on the expression of all immune genes, with higher expression levels in foragers. In contrast, the effects of nutrition and age were significant only the expression of the regulatory gene dorsal. We also found multiple interactions of the experimental variables on viral titers, including higher Deformed wing virus (DWV) titers associated with foraging and age-related decline. In addition, nutrition significantly affected DWV titers in young nurses, with higher titers induced by pollen ingestion. In contrast, higher levels of Black queen cell virus (BQCV) were associated with pollen restriction. Finally, correlation, PCA, and NMDS analyses proved that behavior had had the strongest effect on gene expression and viral titers, followed by age and nutrition. These analyses also support multiple interactions among genes and virus analyzed, including negative correlations between the expression of genes encoding storage proteins associated with pollen ingestion and nursing (vg and mrjp1) with the expression of immune genes and DWV titers. Our results provide new insights into the proximal mechanisms by which nutritional stress is associated with changes in honey bee physiology, immunity, and viral titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Corona
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Miguel Corona,
| | - Belen Branchiccela
- Sección Apicultura, Programa de Producción Familiar, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA) Colonia, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mohamed Alburaki
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Evan C. Palmer-Young
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Shayne Madella
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Yanping Chen
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Jay D. Evans
- Bee Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Rodríguez MA, Fernández LA, Díaz ML, Pérez M, Corona M, Reynaldi FJ. Microbiological and chemical characterization of water kefir: An innovative source of potential probiotics for bee nutrition. Rev Argent Microbiol 2022:S0325-7541(22)00083-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Palmer-Young EC, Markowitz LM, Grubbs K, Zhang Y, Corona M, Schwarz R, Chen Y, Evans JD. Antiparasitic effects of three floral volatiles on trypanosomatid infection in honey bees. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 194:107830. [PMID: 36174749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomatid gut parasites are common in pollinators and costly for social bees. The recently described honey bee trypanosomatid Lotmaria passim is widespread, abundant, and correlated with colony losses in some studies. The potential for amelioration of infection by antimicrobial plant compounds has been thoroughly studied for closely related trypanosomatids of humans and is an area of active research in bumble bees, but remains relatively unexplored in honey bees. We recently identified several floral volatiles that inhibited growth of L. passim in vitro. Here, we tested the dose-dependent effects of four such compounds on infection, mortality, and food consumption in parasite-inoculated honey bees. We found that diets containing the monoterpenoid carvacrol and the phenylpropanoids cinnamaldehyde and eugenol at >10-fold the inhibitory concentrations for cell cultures reduced infection, with parasite numbers decreased by >90% for carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde and >99% for eugenol; effects of the carvacrol isomer thymol were non-significant. However, both carvacrol and eugenol also reduced bee survival, whereas parasite inoculation did not, indicating costs of phytochemical exposure that could exceed those of infection itself. To our knowledge, this is the first controlled screening of phytochemicals for effects on honey bee trypanosomatid infection, identifying potential treatments for managed bees afflicted with a newly characterized, cosmopolitan intestinal parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey M Markowitz
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA; Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kyle Grubbs
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Miguel Corona
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Schwarz
- Department of Biology, Fort Lewis College, Durango, CO, USA
| | - Yanping Chen
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Jay D Evans
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Tibatá VM, Sanchez A, Palmer-Young E, Junca H, Solarte VM, Madella S, Ariza F, Figueroa J, Corona M. Africanized honey bees in Colombia exhibit high prevalence but low level of infestation of Varroa mites and low prevalence of pathogenic viruses. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244906. [PMID: 34014937 PMCID: PMC8136659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global spread of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor has promoted the spread and virulence of highly infectious honey bee viruses. This phenomenon is considered the leading cause for the increased number of colony losses experienced by the mite-susceptible European honey bee populations in the Northern hemisphere. Most of the honey bee populations in Central and South America are Africanized honey bees (AHBs), which are considered more resistant to Varroa compared to European honey bees. However, the relationship between Varroa levels and the spread of honey bee viruses in AHBs remains unknown. In this study, we determined Varroa prevalence and infestation levels as well as the prevalence of seven major honey bee viruses in AHBs from three regions of Colombia. We found that although Varroa exhibited high prevalence (92%), its infestation levels were low (4.5%) considering that these populations never received acaricide treatments. We also detected four viruses in the three regions analyzed, but all colonies were asymptomatic, and virus prevalence was considerably lower than those found in other countries with higher rates of mite-associated colony loss (DWV 19.88%, BQCV 17.39%, SBV 23.4%, ABPV 10.56%). Our findings indicate that AHBs possess a natural resistance to Varroa that does not prevent the spread of this parasite among their population, but restrains mite population growth and suppresses the prevalence and pathogenicity of mite-associated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Manuel Tibatá
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Grupos de Investigación AYNI–Ciencia y Tecnología Apícola, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés Sanchez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Grupos de Investigación AYNI–Ciencia y Tecnología Apícola, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Evan Palmer-Young
- Bee Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Howard Junca
- RG Microbial Ecology, Div. Ecogenomics & Holobionts–Microbiomas Foundation, Chia, Colombia
| | - Victor Manuel Solarte
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Grupos de Investigación AYNI–Ciencia y Tecnología Apícola, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Shayne Madella
- Bee Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Fernando Ariza
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Grupos de Investigación AYNI–Ciencia y Tecnología Apícola, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Judith Figueroa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Grupos de Investigación AYNI–Ciencia y Tecnología Apícola, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Miguel Corona
- Bee Research Lab, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cannavale A, Lucatelli P, Corona M, Nardis P, Basilico F, De Rubeis G, Santoni M, Catalano C, Bezzi M. Evolving concepts and management of endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair: where do we stand in 2019? Clin Radiol 2019; 75:169-178. [PMID: 31810539 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been tremendous progress in endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) techniques and devices. This process has seen a change in incidence, risk factors, and treatment of endoleaks as well as in follow-up protocols after EVAR. In particular, recent literature has highlighted new concepts in the evaluation and prevention/treatment of type I and II endoleak after standard EVAR. There is also recent evidence regarding new imaging protocols for follow-up after EVAR, which include magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. This comprehensive review aims to outline the most recent concepts on imaging follow-up, pathophysiology/risk factors, and management of endoleaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cannavale
- Vascular and Interventional Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - P Lucatelli
- Vascular and Interventional Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Corona
- Vascular and Interventional Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P Nardis
- Vascular and Interventional Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Basilico
- Vascular and Interventional Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G De Rubeis
- Vascular and Interventional Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Santoni
- Department of Radiological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Catalano
- Department of Radiological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Bezzi
- Vascular and Interventional Unit, Department of Radiological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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10
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Johnson M, Lai J, Corona M, Lupas G. C-07 Global Precedence: Examining Contributing Effects of Age and Cognitive Functioning. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz034.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Global precedence (GP) is an individual’s ability to readily identify global (gestalt) features when both global and local (internal) details are presented. Prior research shows that both age and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, affect GP. The goal of the current study is to examine differences in GP between individuals with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD; before age 65) and healthy controls (HC).
Method
Fourteen EOAD patients and 6 HC’s recruited from Behavioral Neurology at an academic medical center were included in the current analysis. EOAD participants were diagnosed by clinical history, routine labs, neuroimaging, and neurological examination. Exclusion criteria included unstable medical conditions and history of severe head injury, psychotic disorder, or psychoactive substance use. All participants completed a Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) to assess overall cognitive functioning and a 4-item Navon's paradigm task (consisting of a larger letter whose shape is composed of smaller repeats of a different letter) to assess for GP.
Results
Linear regression analysis was performed, with the total score on Navon task as the dependent variable and age, MMSE score, and study group as predictor variables. Analysis yielded significant findings, suggesting a difference in GP performance between the two groups. However, coefficients suggested that while age did not contribute to the between-group difference, MMSE scores significantly accounted for our findings. In fact, when effects of MMSE scores were controlled, the between-group difference was no longer significant.
Conclusion
Findings suggest that individuals with EOAD perform worse on tasks of GP, which may be secondary to overall cognitive decline.
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11
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Branchiccela B, Castelli L, Corona M, Díaz-Cetti S, Invernizzi C, Martínez de la Escalera G, Mendoza Y, Santos E, Silva C, Zunino P, Antúnez K. Impact of nutritional stress on the honeybee colony health. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10156. [PMID: 31300738 PMCID: PMC6626013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeybees Apis mellifera are important pollinators of wild plants and commercial crops. For more than a decade, high percentages of honeybee colony losses have been reported worldwide. Nutritional stress due to habitat depletion, infection by different pests and pathogens and pesticide exposure has been proposed as the major causes. In this study we analyzed how nutritional stress affects colony strength and health. Two groups of colonies were set in a Eucalyptus grandis plantation at the beginning of the flowering period (autumn), replicating a natural scenario with a nutritionally poor food source. While both groups of colonies had access to the pollen available in this plantation, one was supplemented with a polyfloral pollen patty during the entire flowering period. In the short-term, colonies under nutritional stress (which consumed mainly E. grandis pollen) showed higher infection level with Nosema spp. and lower brood and adult bee population, compared to supplemented colonies. On the other hand, these supplemented colonies showed higher infection level with RNA viruses although infection levels were low compared to countries were viral infections have negative impacts. Nutritional stress also had long-term colony effects, because bee population did not recover in spring, as in supplemented colonies did. In conclusion, nutritional stress and Nosema spp. infection had a severe impact on colony strength with consequences in both short and long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Branchiccela
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, CP 11,600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Castelli
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, CP 11,600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Corona
- Bee Research Laboratory United Stated Department of Agriculture, United States of America, Center Road 306, CP 20,705, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - S Díaz-Cetti
- Sección Apicultura, Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria, Route 50 km 11, CP 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - C Invernizzi
- Sección Etología, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Iguá 4225, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Martínez de la Escalera
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, CP 11,600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Y Mendoza
- Sección Apicultura, Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria, Route 50 km 11, CP 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - E Santos
- Sección Etología, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Iguá 4225, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C Silva
- Sección Apicultura, Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria, Route 50 km 11, CP 39173, Colonia, Uruguay
| | - P Zunino
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, CP 11,600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - K Antúnez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, CP 11,600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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12
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Rozzi A, Nappa M, Costa A, Spigone B, Falbo P, Di Nicola S, De Marco F, Corona M, Iannace A, Lanzetta G. Bladder-sparing trimodality approach for unfit for surgery and cisplatin treatment elderly patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC): results from a monocentric experience. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx423.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Wu Y, Zheng H, Corona M, Pirk C, Meng F, Zheng Y, Hu F. Comparative transcriptome analysis on the synthesis pathway of honey bee (Apis mellifera) mandibular gland secretions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4530. [PMID: 28674395 PMCID: PMC5495765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretions from mandibular glands (MGs) have important caste-specific functions that are associated with the social evolution of honey bees. To gain insights into the molecular architecture underlying these caste differences, we compared the gene expression patterns of MGs from queens, queenright workers (WQRs) and queenless workers (WQLs) using high-throughput RNA-sequencing technology. In total, we identified 46 candidate genes associated with caste-specific biosynthesis of fatty acid pheromones in the MG, including members of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family and genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and ω-oxidation. For further identification of the CYP450s genes involved in the biosynthesis of MG secretions, we analyzed by means of qPCR, the expression levels of six of the CYP450 genes most abundantly expressed in the transcriptome analysis across different castes, ages, tasks and tissues. Our analysis revealed that CYP6AS8 and CYP6AS11, the most abundantly expressed CYP450 genes in worker and queen MGs, respectively, are selectively expressed in the MGs of workers and queens compared to other tissues. These results suggest that these genes might be responsible for the critical bifurcated hydroxylation process in the biosynthesis pathway. Our study contributes to the description of the molecular basis for the biosynthesis of fatty acid-derived pheromones in the MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuQi Wu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - HuoQing Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Miguel Corona
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Christian Pirk
- Social Insect research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, 0002, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fei Meng
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - YuFei Zheng
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
| | - FuLiang Hu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China.
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14
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Corona M, Sagahón J, Hernández I, Iturriaga A, Martínez H, Herrera V. Recambio valvular tricuspídeo mínimamente invasivo utilizando oclusión percutánea endocava. Archivos de Cardiología de México 2016; 86:380-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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15
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Rozzi A, Corona M, Falbo P, Spoto C, Iannace A, De Filippis L, Lanzetta G. Transdermal granisetron plus dexamethasone for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (cinv) in patients with locally advanced head-neck squamous cell cancer (hnscc) treated with radiotherapy plus concomitant administration of cisplatin. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw345.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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16
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Lanzetta G, Corona M, Falbo P, Spoto C, Iannace A, De Filippis L, Rozzi A. Transdermal granisetron is effective in prevention of acute-delayed emesis in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (gbm) treated with temozolomide (tmz): results from a monocentric experience. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw345.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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17
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Corona M, Libbrecht R, Wheeler DE. Molecular mechanisms of phenotypic plasticity in social insects. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2016; 13:55-60. [PMID: 27436553 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenism in insects, whereby a single genome expresses different phenotypes in response to environmental cues, is a fascinating biological phenomenon. Social insects are especially intriguing examples of phenotypic plasticity because division of labor results in the development of extreme morphological phenotypes, such as the queen and worker castes. Although sociality evolved independently in ants, bees, wasps and termites, similar genetic pathways regulate phenotypic plasticity in these different groups of social insects. The insulin/insulin-like growth signaling (IIS) plays a key role in this process. Recent research reveals that IIS interacts with other pathways including target of rapamycin (TOR), epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr), juvenile hormone (JH) and vitellogenin (Vg) to regulate caste differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Corona
- USDA Bee Research, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 306, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Romain Libbrecht
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Diana E Wheeler
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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18
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Steinmann N, Corona M, Neumann P, Dainat B. Overwintering Is Associated with Reduced Expression of Immune Genes and Higher Susceptibility to Virus Infection in Honey Bees. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129956. [PMID: 26121358 PMCID: PMC4486728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The eusocial honey bee, Apis mellifera, has evolved remarkable abilities to survive extreme seasonal differences in temperature and availability of resources by dividing the worker caste into two groups that differ in physiology and lifespan: summer and winter bees. Most of the recent major losses of managed honey bee colonies occur during the winter, suggesting that winter bees may have compromised immune function and higher susceptibility to diseases. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the expression of eight immune genes and naturally occurring infection levels of deformed wing virus (DWV), one of the most widespread viruses in A. mellifera populations, between summer and winter bees. Possible interactions between immune response and physiological activity were tested by measuring the expression of vitellogenin and methyl farnesoate epoxidase, a gene coding for the last enzyme involved in juvenile hormone biosynthesis. Our data show that high DWV loads in winter bees correlate with reduced expression of genes involved in the cellular immune response and physiological activity and high expression of humoral immune genes involved in antibacterial defense compared with summer bees. This expression pattern could reflect evolutionary adaptations to resist bacterial pathogens and economize energy during the winter under a pathogen landscape with reduced risk of pathogenic viral infections. The outbreak of Varroa destructor infestation could have overcome these adaptations by promoting the transmission of viruses. Our results suggest that reduced cellular immune function during the winter may have increased honey bee’s susceptibility to DWV. These results contribute to our understanding of honey bee colony losses in temperate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Steinmann
- Agroscope—Swiss Bee Research Center—Liebefeld, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty and Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bremgartenstr. 109a, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Corona
- Bee Research Laboratory USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States of America
| | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty and Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bremgartenstr. 109a, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Dainat
- Agroscope—Swiss Bee Research Center—Liebefeld, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Bee Health Service, apiservice, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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19
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Corona M, Boatta E, Lucatelli P, Ricœur A, Salvatori FM, Zini C. Aortic pseudoaneurysm rupture secondary to pancreatitis: An endovascular approach. Diagn Interv Imaging 2015; 96:515-7. [PMID: 25704904 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Corona
- Vascular and interventional radiology unit, Radiology, Oncology and Pathology Department, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - E Boatta
- Vascular and interventional radiology unit, Radiology, Oncology and Pathology Department, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - P Lucatelli
- Vascular and interventional radiology unit, Radiology, Oncology and Pathology Department, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - A Ricœur
- Service de radiologie vasculaire et interventionnelle, CHU de Strasbourg, hôpital de Hautepierre, 1, avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - F M Salvatori
- Vascular and interventional radiology unit, Radiology, Oncology and Pathology Department, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - C Zini
- Vascular and interventional radiology unit, Radiology, Oncology and Pathology Department, "Sapienza", University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Roma, Italy.
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20
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Niu D, Zheng H, Corona M, Lu Y, Chen X, Cao L, Sohr A, Hu F. Transcriptome comparison between inactivated and activated ovaries of the honey bee Apis mellifera L. Insect Mol Biol 2014; 23:668-681. [PMID: 25039886 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian activity not only influences fertility, but is also involved with the regulation of division of labour between reproductive and behavioural castes of female honey bees. In order to identify candidate genes associated with ovarian activity, we compared the gene expression patterns between inactivated and activated ovaries of queens and workers by means of high-throughput RNA-sequencing technology. A total of 1615 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was detected between ovaries of virgin and mated queens, and more than 5300 DEGs were detected between inactivated and activated worker ovaries. Intersection analysis of DEGs amongst five libraries revealed that a similar set of genes (824) participated in the ovary activation of both queens and workers. A large number of these DEGs were predominantly related to cellular, cell and cell part, binding, biological regulation and metabolic processes. In addition, over 1000 DEGs were linked to more than 230 components of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, including 25 signalling pathways. The reliability of the RNA-sequencing results was confirmed by means of quantitative real-time PCR. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in ovary activation and reproductive division of labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Niu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Ji T, Liu Z, Shen J, Shen F, Liang Q, Wu L, Chen G, Corona M. Proteomics analysis reveals protein expression differences for hypopharyngeal gland activity in the honeybee, Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:665. [PMID: 25103401 PMCID: PMC4141115 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the proteins contained in royal jelly (RJ) are secreted from the hypopharyngeal glands (HG) of young bees. Although generic protein composition of RJ has been investigated, little is known about how age-dependent changes on HG secretion affect RJ composition and their biological consequences. In this study, we identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) during HG development by using the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling technique. This proteomic method increases the potential for new protein discovery by improving the identification of low quantity proteins. RESULTS A total of 1282 proteins were identified from five age groups of worker bees, 284 of which were differentially expressed. 43 (15.1%) of the DEPs were identified for the first time. Comparison of samples at day 6, 9, 12, and 16 of development relative to day 3 led to the unambiguous identification of 112, 117, 127, and 127 DEPs, respectively. The majority of these DEPs were up-regulated in the older worker groups, indicating a substantial change in the pattern of proteins expressed after 3 days. DEPs were identified among all the age groups, suggesting that changes in protein expression during HG ontogeny are concomitant with different states of worker development. A total of 649 proteins were mapped to canonical signaling pathways found in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), which were preferentially associated with metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. More than 10 key high-abundance proteins were involved in signaling pathways related to ribosome function and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. The results were validated by qPCR. CONCLUSION Our approach demonstrates that HG experienced important changes in protein expression during its ontogenic development, which supports the secretion of proteins involved in diverse functions in adult workers beyond its traditional role in royal jelly production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Chen YP, Pettis JS, Corona M, Chen WP, Li CJ, Spivak M, Visscher PK, DeGrandi-Hoffman G, Boncristiani H, Zhao Y, vanEngelsdorp D, Delaplane K, Solter L, Drummond F, Kramer M, Lipkin WI, Palacios G, Hamilton MC, Smith B, Huang SK, Zheng HQ, Li JL, Zhang X, Zhou AF, Wu LY, Zhou JZ, Lee ML, Teixeira EW, Li ZG, Evans JD. Israeli acute paralysis virus: epidemiology, pathogenesis and implications for honey bee health. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004261. [PMID: 25079600 PMCID: PMC4117608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) is a widespread RNA virus of honey bees that has been linked with colony losses. Here we describe the transmission, prevalence, and genetic traits of this virus, along with host transcriptional responses to infections. Further, we present RNAi-based strategies for limiting an important mechanism used by IAPV to subvert host defenses. Our study shows that IAPV is established as a persistent infection in honey bee populations, likely enabled by both horizontal and vertical transmission pathways. The phenotypic differences in pathology among different strains of IAPV found globally may be due to high levels of standing genetic variation. Microarray profiles of host responses to IAPV infection revealed that mitochondrial function is the most significantly affected biological process, suggesting that viral infection causes significant disturbance in energy-related host processes. The expression of genes involved in immune pathways in adult bees indicates that IAPV infection triggers active immune responses. The evidence that silencing an IAPV-encoded putative suppressor of RNAi reduces IAPV replication suggests a functional assignment for a particular genomic region of IAPV and closely related viruses from the Family Dicistroviridae, and indicates a novel therapeutic strategy for limiting multiple honey bee viruses simultaneously and reducing colony losses due to viral diseases. We believe that the knowledge and insights gained from this study will provide a new platform for continuing studies of the IAPV–host interactions and have positive implications for disease management that will lead to mitigation of escalating honey bee colony losses worldwide. The mysterious outbreak of honey bee Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) in the US in 2006–2007 has attracted massive media attention and created great concerns over the effects of various risk factors on bee health. Understanding the factors that are linked to the honey bee colony declines may provide insights for managing similar incidents in the future. We conducted this study to elucidate traits of a key honey bee virus, Israeli acute paralysis virus. We then developed an innovative strategy to control virus levels. The knowledge and insights gained from this study will have positive implications for bee disease management, helping to mitigate worldwide colony losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ping Chen
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-East Building, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeffery S. Pettis
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-East Building, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Miguel Corona
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-East Building, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei Ping Chen
- Microarray Core Facility, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cong Jun Li
- USDA-ARS Bovine Functional Genomic Laboratory, BARC-East Building, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marla Spivak
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - P. Kirk Visscher
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | | | - Humberto Boncristiani
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yan Zhao
- USDA-ARS Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dennis vanEngelsdorp
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keith Delaplane
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Leellen Solter
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Francis Drummond
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | - Matthew Kramer
- USDA-ARS Biometrical Consulting Services, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - W. Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Disease, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michele C. Hamilton
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-East Building, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barton Smith
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-East Building, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shao Kang Huang
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People‚s Republic of China
| | - Huo Qing Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People‚s Republic of China
| | - Ji Lian Li
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, People‚s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Eastern Bee Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People‚s Republic of China
| | - Ai Fen Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics (IEG), University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Li You Wu
- Institute for Environmental Genomics (IEG), University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Ji Zhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics (IEG), University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Myeong-L. Lee
- Sericulture and Apiculture Department, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Erica W. Teixeira
- Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios/SAA-SP, Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zhi Guo Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People‚s Republic of China
| | - Jay D. Evans
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory, BARC-East Building, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
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Fanelli F, Cannavale A, Corona M, Lucatelli P, Wlderk A, Salvatori FM. The "DEBELLUM"--lower limb multilevel treatment with drug eluting balloon--randomized trial: 1-year results. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2014; 55:207-216. [PMID: 24670828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present paper was to make a report of the 12-month clinical outcomes of the DEBELLUM (Drug-Eluting-Balloon-Evaluation-for-Lower-Limb- mUltilevel-treatMent) randomized trial. METHODS From September 2010 to March 2011, 50 patients were randomized between drug eluting balloon (DEB, N.=25) and conventional angioplasty balloon (PTA, N.=25). Patients were symptomatic for claudication and critical limb ischemia, with de novo stenosis or occlusion in the femoropopliteal (SFA) and infrapopliteal (BTK) region. Only in the SFA primary stenting was allowed and postdilatation performed with DEB or PTA depending on the assigned group. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-two lesions were treated: 92 (75.4%) SFA, 30 (24.6%) BTK. Twenty (40%) patients presented multilevel concomitant femoropopliteal and infra-popliteal lesions. Late lumen loss (LLL) was 0.64±0.9 mm in DEB group vs. 1.81±0.1 mm in the control group (P=0.01). In non-stented segment LLL was 0.63±0.9 mm (DEB) vs. 1.70±0.6 mm (PTA), P<0.01. In the stent subgroup was LLL 0.65±0.2 mm (DEB) vs. 1.91±0.3 mm (PTA), P<0.01. In the femoropopliteal region the overall LLL was 0.61±0.8 mm for DEB vs. 1.84±0.3 mm for PTA (P=0.02). BTK the overall LLL was 0.66±0.9 mm (DEB) vs. 1.69±0.5 mm (PTA) (P=0.03). The overall TLR was 12.2% for DEB and 35.3% for PTA (P<0.05). Amputation rate was 4% (DEB) vs. 12% (PTA), P=0.36. Thrombosis was 4% (DEB) vs. 8% (PTA), P≥0.05. Major adverse events 24% (DEB) vs. 60% (PTA), P<0.05. ABI improved more in the DEB group: 0.81±0.3 vs. 0.68±0.13 (P=0.02). Fontaine stage increased (from II b to I) 80% DEB vs. 56% PTA (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Results confirm and reinforce initial 6-month outcomes. In.Pact DEB balloons can be considered efficient to reduce restenosis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fanelli
- Unit of Vascular and Interventional Radiology Department of Radiological Sciences "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy -
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Corona M, Libbrecht R, Wurm Y, Riba-Grognuz O, Studer RA, Keller L. Vitellogenin underwent subfunctionalization to acquire caste and behavioral specific expression in the harvester ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003730. [PMID: 23966882 PMCID: PMC3744404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive ground plan hypothesis (RGPH) proposes that the physiological pathways regulating reproduction were co-opted to regulate worker division of labor. Support for this hypothesis in honeybees is provided by studies demonstrating that the reproductive potential of workers, assessed by the levels of vitellogenin (Vg), is linked to task performance. Interestingly, contrary to honeybees that have a single Vg ortholog and potentially fertile nurses, the genome of the harvester ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus harbors two Vg genes (Pb_Vg1 and Pb_Vg2) and nurses produce infertile trophic eggs. P. barbatus, thus, provides a unique model to investigate whether Vg duplication in ants was followed by subfunctionalization to acquire reproductive and non-reproductive functions and whether Vg reproductive function was co-opted to regulate behavior in sterile workers. To investigate these questions, we compared the expression patterns of P. barbatus Vg genes and analyzed the phylogenetic relationships and molecular evolution of Vg genes in ants. qRT-PCRs revealed that Pb_Vg1 is more highly expressed in queens compared to workers and in nurses compared to foragers. By contrast, the level of expression of Pb_Vg2 was higher in foragers than in nurses and queens. Phylogenetic analyses show that a first duplication of the ancestral Vg gene occurred after the divergence between the poneroid and formicoid clades and subsequent duplications occurred in the lineages leading to Solenopsis invicta, Linepithema humile and Acromyrmex echinatior. The initial duplication resulted in two Vg gene subfamilies preferentially expressed in queens and nurses (subfamily A) or in foraging workers (subfamily B). Finally, molecular evolution analyses show that the subfamily A experienced positive selection, while the subfamily B showed overall relaxation of purifying selection. Our results suggest that in P. barbatus the Vg gene underwent subfunctionalization after duplication to acquire caste- and behavior- specific expression associated with reproductive and non-reproductive functions, supporting the validity of the RGPH in ants. One of the main features of social insects is the division of labor, whereby queens monopolize reproduction while sterile workers perform all of the tasks related to colony maintenance. The workers usually do so in an age-dependent sequence: young workers tend to nurse the brood inside the nest and older workers are more likely to forage for food. Previous studies revealed that vitellogenin, a yolk protein typically involved in the regulation of reproduction in solitary insects, has been co-opted to regulate division of labor in the honeybee. In this study, we investigate such a role of vitellogenin in another group of social insects: the ants. We first use phylogenetic analyses to reveal the existence of multiple vitellogenin genes in most of the sequenced ant genomes. Then we compare the expression of the two vitellogenin genes (Pb_Vg1 and Pb_Vg2) among queens, nurses and foragers in the seed-harvester ant Pogonomyrmex barbatus. Our results suggest that, after the initial duplication in ants, the vitellogenin genes acquired caste and behavioral specific expression associated with reproductive and non-reproductive nutritionally related functions. This study also shows that ants and bees, despite having evolved sociality independently, have conserved similar mechanisms to regulate division of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Corona
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Berritto D, Iacobellis F, Somma F, Corona M, Faggian A, Iacomino A, Feragalli B, Saba L, La Porta M, Grassi R. 7T mMR in the assessment of acute arterial mesenteric ischemia in a rat model. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2013; 27:771-779. [PMID: 24152828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To validate a rat model of acute arterial mesenteric ischemia correlating MRI patterns with macro and microscopic changes in the small bowel. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two experimental groups (Group I and Group II) of fifteen rats each. Group I underwent surgical procedure of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) ligation, followed by macroscopic observation. In Group II, a loop was tied loosely around the SMA without occluding the vessel. Three days after surgery, the loop was tied by external tips to completely occlude the artery. 7T microMR (7Tesla microMR) was performed before and 8 hours after SMA occlusion. At predetermined time-points the histopathological examinations were performed in both of groups. Macroscopic monitoring revealed thinning of mesenteric vessels, hypotonic reflex ileus and chromatic change of some loops. 7T microMR sequences evidenced loop dilation with gas-fluid mixed stasis, intraperitoneal free fluid and bowel wall hyperintensity. There were no significant differences in the histological analysis between the two groups. The gap of three days from surgery, adopted in the Group 2, allowed to avoid signs of peritoneal and mesenteric irritation which could bias imaging patterns. MR succeeded to identify the signs of arterial mesenteric ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Berritto
- Institute of Radiology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Piazza O, Romano R, Scarpati G, Esposito C, Cavaglià E, Corona M. Minimally invasive Swine experimental model for the in vivo study of liver metabolism of drugs. Transl Med UniSa 2012; 4:62-5. [PMID: 23905064 PMCID: PMC3728795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a clinically relevant porcine model for the study of hepatic metabolism of drugs by means of hepatic vein catheterization. MATERIALS AND METHODS review of literature and elaboration of a hypothesis, design of an experimental method. RESULTS recent clinical studies were conducted by withdrawing cirrhotic patients' blood from right hepatic vein during hepatic vein pressure gradient measurements. Basing on our personal clinical experience and evaluation of research needs, an experimental model is proposed. CONCLUSIONS contemporary measurement of peripheral and hepatic concentration of drugs by peripheral vein and hepatic vein catheterization can be used to create a reliable and reproducible porcine model to study liver metabolism of drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Piazza
- Corresponding author: Ornella Piazza ()
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Fanelli F, Cannavale A, Corona M, Lucatelli P, Allegritti M, Passariello R. Abstract No. 136: Paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty for lower extremity revascularization: better way to fight restenosis? J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2011.12.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Rozzi A, Nardoni C, Corona M, Falbo T, De Marco F, Grillenzoni L, Lanzetta G. 7144 POSTER Weekly Paclitaxel as Third-line Chemotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Urothelial Tract: Results of a Phase II Study. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)72059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rozzi A, Nardoni C, Corona M, Restuccia MR, Falbo T, Lanzetta G. Weekly regimen of paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy in elderly patients with stage IIIB-IV non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): results of a phase II study. J Chemother 2011; 22:419-23. [PMID: 21303751 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2010.22.6.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Single-agent chemotherapy is the preferred treatment option in chemonaive elderly patients with advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The role of combination chemotherapy in this setting is uncertain although several studies report satisfactory efficacy and safety using weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin (AUC=6) as first-line chemotherapy in elderly patients. It is still unclear which schedule of this regimen which could offer the best therapeutic index. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and tolerability of concomitant weekly administration of paclitaxel and carboplatin in untreated elderly patients with advanced NSCLC. From february 2005 to April 2008 36 consecutive elderly patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled. Median age was 74 years (range, 70-83 years) and median ECOG PS was 1 (range, 0-1). patients received carboplatin (AUC=2) and paclitaxel 80 mg/m² on days 1,8 and 15 every 28 days. All patients were evaluable for efficacy and toxicity; a median of 4 cycles was administered. Twelve patients had partial response (33%; 95% C.I. 15,8-52,3%), 10 patients (28%) showed stable disease. The median time to progression (TTP) was 5.7 months (95% C.I. 3.1-8.6 months) with a median overall survival (MOS) of 9 months (95% C.I. 4.4-13.9 months). Toxicity was mild with no cases of febrile neutropenia; 5 patients (14%) developed grade 2 neuropathy. Our study confirms the substantial activity of weekly regimen of paclitaxel and carboplatin. Due to its favorable profile of toxicity this schedule could represent an interesting therapeutic option in selected chemonaive elderly patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rozzi
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Istituto Neurotraumatologico Italiano, Grottaferrata (Rome), Italy.
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Rozzi A, Mancuso AP, Recine F, Nardoni C, Corona M, Restuccia MR, Salerno M, Bordin F, Falbo T, Lanzetta G. Topoisomerase II and chemosensitivity for pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (pld) used in the third-line treatment of patients with metastatic bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Fanelli F, Salvatori F, Corona M, Allegritti M, Cannavale A, Passariello R. Abstract No. 156: 12-year experience in the endovascular treatment of AAA: Lesson learned. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2011.01.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Scala G, Corona M, Maruccio L. Structural, Histochemical and Immunocytochemical Study of the Forestomach Mucosa in Domestic Ruminants. Anat Histol Embryol 2010; 40:47-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fanelli F, Boatta E, Allegritti M, Corona M, Lucatelli P, Passariello R. Abstract No. 81: TIPS: 10-year experience in the covered stent-graft era. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2009.12.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Romigi A, Cervellino A, Marciani MG, Izzi F, Massoud R, Corona M, Torelli F, Zannino S, Uasone E, Placidi F. Cognitive and psychiatric effects of topiramate monotherapy in migraine treatment: an open study. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15:190-5. [PMID: 18217888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.02033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Few data are available on cognitive and psychiatric effects of topiramate (TPM) monotherapy in migraine. Twenty patients affected by migraine were treated with TPM monotherapy. At the same time, twenty control subjects were selected. A comprehensive neuropsychological and behavioural battery of tests were performed at baseline (T0), at titration (T1) and in maintenance period (T2). Topiramate serum levels were also investigated at T1 and T2. On comparison with the control group, no cognitive and psychiatric differences were detected at baseline. A significant reduction of word fluency score (P < 0.05) was evident after TPM treatment, both at T1 and T2. No patient developed psychiatric adverse events. TPM induced an impairment of verbal fluency and no psychiatric adverse events, demonstrating selective negative cognitive profile in migraine therapy. Slow titration, low doses, lack of previous psychiatric disorders and/or familial history may explain our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romigi
- Servizio di Neurofisiopatologia, Centro di Medicina del Sonno, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy, and Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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Valdez-Cruz NA, Segovia L, Corona M, Possani LD. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic relationship of genes encoding heterodimeric phospholipases A2 from the venom of the scorpion Anuroctonus phaiodactylus. Gene 2007; 396:149-58. [PMID: 17466468 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Some scorpion venom contain heterodimeric phospholipases A2. They were shown to be toxic to insects and to cause edema and/or hemolysis of mammalian erythrocytes. This manuscript describes the results of cDNA cloning of five different heterodimeric phospholipases from the venomous glands of the Mexican scorpion Anuroctonus phaiodactylus. The amino acid sequence deduced from the heterodimeric phospholipases open reading frames corresponds in each case to a different isoform. The nucleotide sequences corresponding to two of these genes were also obtained by directly sequencing genomic DNA. The cDNA isoforms show high similarity with the heterodimeric phospholipase Phaiodactylipin purified from the same scorpion. However, similar phospholipases were also found in scorpions from other species and the sequences available were used to construct a phylogenetic tree. In order to understand better the gene structure and phylogeny of these enzymes we analyzed their sequences and compared them with secretory phospholipases of other sources from groups I, II and III. The genomic DNA sequence of a similar phospholipase from bee venomous glands was also cloned. The information available on a Drosophila phospholipase was included in this analysis. The phospholipases of groups I and II contain a conserved exon-intron structure (four or five exons of the mature segment of the enzyme are separated by three or four introns). Also, the gene structure of the phospholipases from A. phaiodactylus and that of the bee venom, belonging to group III phospholipases, are interrupted by three introns. The mature peptide of the bee enzyme is a single polypeptide chain, coded by four exons, whereas those from the scorpion studied here although having four exons, showed the presence of two different polypeptides in its native state. The mature protein is processed after synthesis, producing the heterodimeric structure: a long and a short-peptide chain, linked by a disulfide bridge. The small subunit is the one coded by the fourth exon. The human phospholipase A2 and that of Drosophila, also classified into the group III phospholipases, have a considerably different exon-intron organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 622106221, Mexico
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Corona M, Velarde RA, Remolina S, Moran-Lauter A, Wang Y, Hughes KA, Robinson GE. Vitellogenin, juvenile hormone, insulin signaling, and queen honey bee longevity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:7128-33. [PMID: 17438290 PMCID: PMC1852330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701909104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In most animals, longevity is achieved at the expense of fertility, but queen honey bees do not show this tradeoff. Queens are both long-lived and fertile, whereas workers, derived from the same genome, are both relatively short-lived and normally sterile. It has been suggested, on the basis of results from workers, that vitellogenin (Vg), best known as a yolk protein synthesized in the abdominal fat body, acts as an antioxidant to promote longevity in queen bees. We explored this hypothesis, as well as related roles of insulin-IGF-1 signaling and juvenile hormone. Vg was expressed in thorax and head fat body cells in an age-dependent manner, with old queens showing much higher expression than workers. In contrast, Vg expression in worker head was much lower. Queens also were more resistant to oxidative stress than workers. These results support the hypothesis that caste-specific differences in Vg expression are involved in queen longevity. Consistent with predictions from Drosophila, old queens had lower head expression of insulin-like peptide and its putative receptors than did old workers. Juvenile hormone affected the expression of Vg and insulin-IGF-1 signaling genes in opposite directions. These results suggest that conserved and species-specific mechanisms interact to regulate queen bee longevity without sacrificing fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kimberly A. Hughes
- Animal Biology, and
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Gene E. Robinson
- Departments of *Entomology
- Neuroscience Program, and
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Abstract
Antioxidant enzymes perform a variety of vital functions including the reduction of life-shortening oxidative damage. We used the honey bee genome sequence to identify the major components of the honey bee antioxidant system. A comparative analysis of honey bee with Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae shows that although the basic components of the antioxidant system are conserved, there are important species differences in the number of paralogs. These include the duplication of thioredoxin reductase and the expansion of the thioredoxin family in fly; lack of expansion of the Theta, Delta and Omega GST classes in bee and no expansion of the Sigma class in dipteran species. The differential expansion of antioxidant gene families among honey bees and dipteran species might reflect the marked differences in life history and ecological niches between social and solitary species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Corona
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
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Fanelli F, Salvatori FM, Corona M, Bruni A, Pucci A, Boatta E, Dominelli V, Conchiglia A, Passariello R. Stent graft in TIPS: technical and procedural aspects. Radiol Med 2006; 111:709-23. [PMID: 16791461 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-006-0068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a nonoperative therapeutic option for the management of portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, recurrent ascites, Budd-Chiari syndrome. In view of the many issues surrounding the use of TIPS, in 1994 the US National Digestive Diseases Advisory Board convened a scientific conference to review the current data available and to establish the indications and controindications for this procedure. However there are still unsolved problems especially short primary patency of the shunt due to intimal hyperplasia, which causes a reduction of the shunt lumen thus favoring a return of the portal hypertension with recurrent variceal bleeding. Several study were performed in the last years to evaluate the efficacy of covered stent in order to reduce shunt disfunction secondary to intimal hyperplasia. PTFE seems to be more efficient in the prevention of restenoses. In our experience more then 100 patients were treated with the Viatorr stent-graft. After a follow-up ranging from 1 to 50 months we reported a 1- year primary patency rate of 83.8%. However the use of the stentgraft is correlate with a high rate of hepatic hencefalopathy (46.6 %). In case of hepatic hencefalopathy refractory to the conventional medical therapy, TIPS reduction should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Radiologiche, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, I-00161, Rome, Italy.
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Corona M, Hughes KA, Weaver DB, Robinson GE. Gene expression patterns associated with queen honey bee longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2005; 126:1230-8. [PMID: 16139867 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2005.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Revised: 07/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative stress theory of aging proposes that accumulation of oxidative damage is the main proximate cause of aging and that lifespan is determined by the rate at which this damage occurs. Two predictions from this theory are that long-lived organisms produce fewer ROS or have increased antioxidant production. Based in these predictions, molecular mechanisms to promote longevity could include either changes in the regulation of mitochondrial genes that affect ROS production or elevated expression of antioxidant genes. We explored these possibilities in the honey bee, a good model for the study of aging because it has a caste system in which the same genome produces both a long-lived queen and a short-lived worker. We measured mRNA levels for genes encoding eight of the most prominent antioxidant enzymes and five mitochondrial proteins involved in respiration. The expression of antioxidant genes generally decreased with age in queens, but not in workers. Expression of most mitochondrial genes, in particular CytC, was higher in young queens, but these genes showed a faster age-related decline relative to workers. One exception to this trend was COX-I in thorax. This resulted in higher COX-I/CytC ratios in old queens compared to old workers, which suggests caste-specific differences in mitochondrial function that might be related to the caste-specific differences in longevity. Queen honey bee longevity appears to have evolved via mechanisms other than increased antioxidant gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Corona
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S. Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Scala G, Corona M, Perrella A, de Girolamo P, Vittoria A, Scala F, Pelagalli GV. The innervation of the fetal buffalo tongue. Vet Res Commun 2005; 29 Suppl 2:203-6. [PMID: 16244956 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-005-0043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Scala
- Department of Strutture, funzioni e tecnologie biologiche, University of Naples FEDERICO II, Italy.
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Ciaramella P, Corona M, Ambrosio R, Consalvo F, Persechino A. Haematological profile on non-lactating mediterranean buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) ranging in age from 24 months to 14 years. Res Vet Sci 2005; 79:77-80. [PMID: 15894028 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2003] [Revised: 10/28/2004] [Accepted: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Haematological studies were performed on 100 clinically normal non-lactating Mediterranean buffalo species ranging in age from 24 months to 14 years, to determinate the range of normal haematological values for this ruminant species. The animals were divided in 5 groups according to age: Group I, 2-3 years old which had never calved, Group II, 3-4 years old (primipara buffaloes), Group III, 5-7 years old, Group IV 8-10 years old and Group V over 10 years of age. All the haematological values obtained were comparable with the normal values found in adult cattle, and similar to those reported in Indian water buffalo species. The heifer buffalo showed an higher values for packed cell volume (PCV) compared with the older animals, but lower values for mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) (P 0.01). In animals above 8 years of age, the white cell count was lower with a significant reduction in absolute values of lymphocytes (P 0.01). Higher absolute values of eosinophils levels was found in the group V (P 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ciaramella
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Naples, Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy.
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Ciaramella P, Pelagalli A, Cortese L, Pero ME, Corona M, Lombardi P, Avallone L, Persechino A. Altered platelet aggregation and coagulation disorders related to clinical findings in 30 dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. Vet J 2005; 169:465-7. [PMID: 15848791 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Ciaramella
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Naples, Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy.
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Giuliani A, Demoro M, Corona M, Di Bari M, Ricciardulli T, Galati G, Ciardi A. Synchronous colon and gastric advanced carcinomas. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2005; 24:155-8. [PMID: 15943046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An unusual case of advanced synchronous colon and gastric carcinoma is described. A 36 year old female was admitted to our Department with a stenosing right colon cancer diagnosed at endoscopy which was performed for lower crampy abdominal pain and gross blood in the stool. Multiple colon polyps, distal to the tumor, were also detected. On preoperative abdominal computed tomography, a stenosing right colon cancer, without evidence of abdominal diffusion, was confirmed. At laparotomy, in addition to colon cancer, an antral gastric cancer was incidentally found. En bloc hemigastrectomy and subtotal colectomy were performed. Digestive continuity was restored by gastrojejunal and ileosigmoid anastomoses. At histology, a poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma with signet ring-cell component (pT2, pN0; stage IB) and a moderately differentiated colon adenocarcinoma with a tubulovillous component (pT3, pN1; stage III, Stage Dukes C) were revealed. Both tumors showed a low expression of p53 and c-erb2 oncoproteins. No genetic defect was identified in the APC and MMR genes. The patient is alive, without recurrence, two years after the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giuliani
- Dept. of Surgery Pietro Valdoni La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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Valdez-Cruz NA, Dávila S, Licea A, Corona M, Zamudio FZ, García-Valdes J, Boyer L, Possani LD. Biochemical, genetic and physiological characterization of venom components from two species of scorpions: Centruroides exilicauda Wood and Centruroides sculpturatus Ewing. Biochimie 2005; 86:387-96. [PMID: 15358055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2004.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2003] [Accepted: 05/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current literature concerning the taxonomic names of two possibly distinct species of scorpions from the genus Centruroides (sculpturatus and/or exilicauda) is controversial. This communication reports the results of biochemical, genetic and electrophysiological experiments conducted with C. exilicauda Wood of Baja California (Mexico) and C. sculpturatus Ewing of Arizona (USA). The chromatographic profile fractionation of the soluble venom from both species of scorpions is different. The N-terminal amino acid sequence for nine toxins of C. exilicauda was determined and compared with those from C. sculpturatus. Lethality tests conducted in mice support the idea that C. exilicauda venom should be expected to be medically less important than C. sculpturatus. Thirteen genes from the venomous glands of the scorpion C. exilicauda were obtained and compared with previously published sequences from genes of the species C. sculpturatus. Genes coding for cytochrome oxidase I and II of both species were also sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was generated with this information showing important differences between them. Additionally, the results of electrophysiological assays conducted with the venom from both species on the Ca(2+)-dependent K(+)-channels, showed significant differences. These results strongly support the conclusion that C. exilicauda and C. sculpturatus are in fact two distinct species of scorpions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma A Valdez-Cruz
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Bioprocesses, Institute of Biotechnology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Avenida Universidad 2001, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico
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Abstract
AIMS To characterize the bioemulsifier produced by a nonfluorescent strain of Pseudomonas putida isolated from a polluted sediment and to determine the influence of pH, temperature, media composition, and carbon and nitrogen source on growth and emulsifying activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Different indexes were employed to determine the emulsifying properties of culture supernatants of P. putida ML2 in defined and complex media. Surface tension of cell-free supernatants was measured. Purification and chemical analysis of the emulsifier was performed. Confirmed results indicate that a polysaccharide with hexasaccharide repeating units is responsible for the emulsifying activity in a mineral medium with glucose as sole carbon source. Moreover, an emulsifier is produced when growing on naphthalene. CONCLUSIONS Culture media composition influences the amount and the properties of the emulsifier produced by this P. putida strain. Under nitrogen limiting conditions, a polysaccharide is responsible for the emulsifying activity in defined mineral media. In complex nitrogen rich medium, a different kind of emulsifier is produced. The exopolymer may contribute to hydrocarbons solubilization. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first exopolysaccharide with emulsifying properties produced by a Pseudomonas strain reported to the present. Also chemical composition is significantly different from previous reports. This strain has potential use in bioremediation and the purified polysaccharide may be used in food and cosmetic industry. Moreover, the production of the exopolymer may play a role on biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonilla
- Department of Microbiology, School of Chemistry, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Pelagalli A, Ciaramella P, Lombardi P, Pero ME, Cortese L, Corona M, Oliva G, Avallone L. Evaluation of adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation in canine leishmaniasis. J Comp Pathol 2004; 130:124-9. [PMID: 15003469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2003.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2003] [Accepted: 09/26/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania-infected dogs, which represent an important reservoir of infection in many parts of the world, frequently suffer from haematological disorders, including thrombocytopenia. In this study, the ability of platelets from healthy (control) dogs (n = 11) and from dogs with naturally acquired clinical leishmaniasis (n = 24) to aggregate in the presence of two different agonists (adenosine 5'-diphosphate [ADP] and collagen) was assayed. Haematological parameters examined consisted of the platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen concentration and D-dimer concentration. In dogs with leishmaniasis, a significant decrease in ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation was observed. Compared with platelets from the control dogs, those from leishmania-infected dogs showed a higher sensitivity to collagen, as demonstrated by a reduction in platelet aggregation of up to 20.4%, and a significant (P < 0.0001) difference for all the doses tested. With ADP the reduction was up to 10.4%, the difference reaching a significant level of P < 0.0001 only at the maximum dose used. The nature of this response, which was not accompanied by any clinical signs of bleeding other than an increase in aPTT, emphasizes the role of platelets in the parasite-host cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pelagalli
- Dipartimento di Strutture, Funzioni e Tecnologie Biologiche, University of Napoli, Federico II, 80137 Napoli, Italy
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Ciaramella P, Cortese L, Corona M, Ambrosio R, Di Loria A, Persechino A. Plasma thrombomodulin levels in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. Vet Res Commun 2004; 28 Suppl 1:327-30. [PMID: 15372989 DOI: 10.1023/b:verc.0000045438.09357.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Ciaramella
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science--Section of Internal Medicine--University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino, 1--80137 Naples, Italy.
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D'Suze G, Sevcik C, Corona M, Zamudio FZ, Batista CVF, Coronas FI, Possani LD. Ardiscretin a novel arthropod-selective toxin from Tityus discrepans scorpion venom. Toxicon 2004; 43:263-72. [PMID: 15033324 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2003.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2003] [Accepted: 12/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new arthropod selective toxin was purified from the venom of the Venezuelan scorpion Tityus discrepans, and its amino acid sequence, cDNA clone and biological activity are reported here. The amino acid sequence of this peptide, named ardiscretin (from arthropod toxin of T. discrepans) was completed by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. It is a single polypeptide composed by 61 amino acids with an amidated cysteine residue at the C-terminal end, closely packed by four disulfide bridges. The atomic mass unit (a.m.u.) experimentally determined was 7103.8 a.m.u. This peptide was shown to be specific for invertebrates (crickets, triatomides, crabs and squids), but non-toxic to mice, at the dose assayed. Ardiscretin inhibits the Na(+)-currents of squid giant axons in an apparent irreversible manner, whose inhibitory effect is reached at 30 microM toxin concentration. Sequence comparison showed that it is phylogenetically closely related to insect-specific scorpion toxins. Ardiscretin produced a small depolarization and induced repetitive firing in squid axons resembling those of DDT [1,1'(p-chlorobenzyl)2-tricloretane] in its ability to slow down action potential, to induce repetitive firing, and in that the concentration required for any effect in squid axon is rather high.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D'Suze
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuropharmacology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, Inst. venezolano de Inves. Cient., Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela.
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Giuliani A, Caporale A, Corona M, Di Bari M, Demoro M, Ricciardulli T, Gozzo P, Galati G, Tocchi A. Lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer: influence on prognosis of lymph node count. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2004; 23:215-24. [PMID: 15354405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the role of the number of lymph nodes retrieved on long-term outcome of gastric cancer treatment, 154 patients who had undergone curative resection, with dissection of >15 nodes were retrospectively studied. Dissection of perigastric and extraperigastric lymph nodes, defined as 'extended' (>26 nodes dissected) in 39 cases and 'limited' (< or = 26 nodes dissected) in 115 cases, was performed. A total of 3479 lymph nodes (mean 22.6 per specimen), were dissected and of these 721 showed metastases. A mean of 8.1 lymph node metastases, per metastatic case, was found. Regression analysis showed no independent factor associated with the extent of lymphadenectomy. Depth of wall invasion (p=0.000) and histological growth pattern (p=0.044) were independently associated with the number of lymph nodes involved (pN0, pN1 1-7, pN2 >7). The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 47% in patients without lymph node metastases; 29% in those with 1-7 nodes involved and 17% in those with >8 nodes involved (p=0.002). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, in 65 nodenegative cancer cases, demonstrated an area under the curve for vital status (alive or dead) of 0.602 (95% CI: 0.473 - 0.721). All node-negative cases with a number equivalent to or exceeding the cutoff point of 23 nodes were alive. ROC analysis showed 11 to be the cutoff number of metastasized lymph nodes in correlation with vital status. Almost all those patients in whom the number of positive nodes was equivalent to, or exceeded the cutoff point had died (area under the ROC curve 0.633; 95% CI: 0.524 - 0.733). ROC analysis showed that the cutoff lymph node ratio, in relation to vital status, was 0.33. The majority of patients at or above this cutoff point had died (area under ROC curve 0.682; 95% CI: 0.574 - 0.776). Multivariate survival analysis showed that lymph node ratio was the only independent prognostic factor (p=0.001). The present findings suggest that, in lymphadenectomy with at least 15 nodes, the number and status of regional nodes dissected, irrespective of the location, provide reliable prognostic information on curatively resected gastric carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giuliani
- Dept of Surgery Pietro Valdoni, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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