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van Eijk LE, Bourgonje AR, Mastik MF, Snippe D, Bulthuis MLC, Vos W, Bugiani M, Smit JM, Berger SP, van der Voort PHJ, van Goor H, den Dunnen WFA, Hillebrands JL. Viral presence and immunopathology in a kidney transplant recipient with fatal COVID-19: a clinical autopsy report. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:780-789. [PMID: 38252562 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is of special concern to immunocompromised individuals, including organ transplant recipients. However, the exact implications of COVID-19 for the immunocompromised host remain unclear. Existing theories regarding this matter are controversial and mainly based on clinical observations. Here, the postmortem histopathology, immunopathology, and viral presence in various tissues of a kidney transplant recipient with COVID-19 were compared to those of 2 nontransplanted patients with COVID-19 matched for age, sex, length of intensive care unit stay, and admission period in the pandemic. None of the tissues of the kidney transplant recipient demonstrated the presence of SARS-CoV-2. In lung tissues of both controls, some samples showed viral positivity with high Ct values with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The lungs of the kidney transplant recipient and controls demonstrated similar pathology, consisting of acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia with thrombosis and an inflammatory response with T cells, B cells, and macrophages. The kidney allograft and control kidneys showed a similar pattern of interstitial lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. No myocarditis could be observed in the hearts of the kidney transplant recipient and controls, although all cases contained scattered lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in the myocardium, pericardium, and atria. The brainstems of the kidney transplant recipient and controls showed a similar pattern of lymphocytic inflammation with microgliosis. This research report highlights the possibility that, based on the results obtained from this single case, at time of death, the immune response in kidney transplant recipients with long-term antirejection immunosuppression use prior to severe illness is similar to nontransplanted deceased COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa E van Eijk
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arno R Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam F Mastik
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Snippe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marian L C Bulthuis
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Vos
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan P Berger
- Department of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H J van der Voort
- Department of Critical Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F A den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Boeve K, Mastik MF, Slagter-Menkema L, van Dijk BAC, Roodenburg JLN, van der Laan BFAM, Witjes MJH, van der Vegt B, Schuuring E. Cortactin expression assessment improves patient selection for a watchful waiting strategy in pT1cN0-staged oral squamous cell carcinomas with a tumor infiltration depth below 4 mm. Head Neck 2021; 43:2688-2697. [PMID: 34008248 PMCID: PMC8453862 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this feasibility study we aimed to evaluate the value of previously reported molecular tumor biomarkers associated with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to optimize neck strategy selection criteria. METHODS The association between expression of cortactin, cyclin D1, FADD, RAB25, and S100A9 and sentinel lymph node status was evaluated in a series of 87 (cT1-2N0) patients with OSCC treated with primary resection and SLNB procedure. RESULTS Tumor infiltration depth and tumor pattern of invasion were independent prognostic markers for SLN status, while none of the tumor makers showed a better prognostic value to replace SLNB as neck staging technique in the total cohort. However, in the subgroup of patients with pT1N0 OSCC, cortactin expression (OR 16.0, 95%CI 2.0-127.9) was associated with SLN classification. CONCLUSIONS Expression of cortactin is a promising immunohistochemical tumor marker to identify patients at low risk that may not benefit from SLNB or END.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koos Boeve
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam F Mastik
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lorian Slagter-Menkema
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Boukje A C van Dijk
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan L N Roodenburg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard F A M van der Laan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Max J H Witjes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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3
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Reijrink M, de Boer SA, Antunes IF, Spoor DS, Heerspink HJL, Lodewijk ME, Mastik MF, Boellaard R, Greuter MJW, Benjamens S, Borra RJH, Slart RHJA, Hillebrands JL, Mulder DJ. [ 18F]FDG Uptake in Adipose Tissue Is Not Related to Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 23:117-126. [PMID: 32886301 PMCID: PMC7782394 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) uptake is a marker of metabolic activity and is therefore used to measure the inflammatory state of several tissues. This radionuclide marker is transported through the cell membrane via glucose transport proteins (GLUTs). The aim of this study is to investigate whether insulin resistance (IR) or inflammation plays a role in [18F]FDG uptake in adipose tissue (AT). Procedures This study consisted of an in vivo clinical part and an ex vivo mechanistic part. In the clinical part, [18F]FDG uptake in abdominal visceral AT (VAT) and subcutaneous AT (SAT) was determined using PET/CT imaging in 44 patients with early type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (age 63 [54–66] years, HbA1c [6.3 ± 0.4 %], HOMA-IR 5.1[3.1–8.5]). Plasma levels were measured with ELISA. In the mechanistic part, AT biopsies obtained from 8 patients were ex vivo incubated with [18F]FDG followed by autoradiography. Next, a qRT-PCR analysis was performed to determine GLUT and cytokine mRNA expression levels. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine CD68+ macrophage infiltration and GLUT4 protein expression in AT. Results In vivo VAT [18F]FDG uptake in patients with T2DM was inversely correlated with HOMA-IR (r = − 0.32, p = 0.034), and positively related to adiponectin plasma levels (r = 0.43, p = 0.003). Ex vivo [18F]FDG uptake in VAT was not related to CD68+ macrophage infiltration, and IL-1ß and IL-6 mRNA expression levels. Ex vivo VAT [18F]FDG uptake was positively related to GLUT4 (r = 0.83, p = 0.042), inversely to GLUT3 (r = − 0.83, p = 0.042) and not related to GLUT1 mRNA expression levels. Conclusions In vivo [18F]FDG uptake in VAT from patients with T2DM is positively correlated with adiponectin levels and inversely with IR. Ex vivo [18F]FDG uptake in AT is associated with GLUT4 expression but not with pro-inflammatory markers. The effect of IR should be taken into account when interpreting data of [18F]FDG uptake as a marker for AT inflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11307-020-01538-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Reijrink
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, HP AA41, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefanie A de Boer
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, HP AA41, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ines F Antunes
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daan S Spoor
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Monique E Lodewijk
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam F Mastik
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center-VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel J W Greuter
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stan Benjamens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald J H Borra
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riemer H J A Slart
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Douwe J Mulder
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, HP AA41, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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4
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Bruine de Bruin L, Schuuring E, de Bock GH, Slagter-Menkema L, Mastik MF, Noordhuis MG, Langendijk JA, Kluin PM, van der Laan BFAM. High pATM is Associated With Poor Local Control in Supraglottic Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy. Laryngoscope 2020; 130:1954-1960. [PMID: 32275333 PMCID: PMC7384019 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Most early stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) are treated with radiotherapy. Discovery of new biomarkers are needed to improve prediction of outcome after radiotherapy and to identify potential targets for systemic targeted therapy. The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene plays a critical role in DNA damage response induced by ionizing radiation. Methods The prognostic value of immunohistochemical expression of pATM, pChk2, and p53 were investigated in 141 patients with T1‐T2 LSCC curatively treated with external beam radiotherapy. Uni‐ and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to examine the relation between expression levels of markers and local control. Results Local control was significantly worse in cases with high levels of pATM (HR 2.14; 95% CI, 1.08–4.24; P = .03). No significant associations with local control were found for pChk2 and p53 expression. The association of high pATM expression with poor local control was only found for supraglottic LSCC (HR 10.9; 95% CI, 1.40–84.4; P = .02). Conclusion Our findings suggest a potential role for ATM in response to radiotherapy in early stage supraglottic LSCC and imply ATM inhibition as a possibility to improve response to radiotherapy. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 130: 1954–1960, 2020
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Bruine de Bruin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geertruida H de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorian Slagter-Menkema
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam F Mastik
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje G Noordhuis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip M Kluin
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard F A M van der Laan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Bruine de Bruin L, Wachters JE, Schrijvers ML, Slagter-Menkema L, Mastik MF, Langendijk JA, van der Wal JE, Schuuring E, van der Laan BFAM. PTEN Is Associated With Worse Local Control in Early Stage Supraglottic Laryngeal Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019; 4:399-404. [PMID: 31453348 PMCID: PMC6703112 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to establish the prognostic value of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression on local control in patients with early stage supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) treated with radiotherapy only. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Immunohistochemical staining for EGFR and PTEN was performed on pretreatment biopsies of a selected well-defined homogeneous group of 52 patients with T1-T2 supraglottic LSCC treated with radiotherapy between 1990 and 2008. Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox Regression analyses were performed to correlate clinical data and expression levels of EGFR and PTEN with local control. Results Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox Regression analysis showed a significant association between PTEN expression and local control (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-9.33, P = .027) and between lymph node status and local control (HR = 3.60, 95% CI = 1.26-10.31, P = .017). Both were independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis (HR = 3.28, 95% CI = 1.14-9.39, P = .027 and HR = 3.62, 95% CI = 1.26-10.37, P = .017, respectively). There was no significant association between EGFR expression and local control (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.17-10.14, P = .79). Conclusion This study showed an association between both high PTEN expression and the presence of lymph node metastasis and deteriorated local control in early stage supraglottic LSCC treated with radiotherapy. Level of Evidence NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Bruine de Bruin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jan E Wachters
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Michiel L Schrijvers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Lorian Slagter-Menkema
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam F Mastik
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Langendijk
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline E van der Wal
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Bernard F A M van der Laan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.,Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration) University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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6
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Clausen MJAM, Melchers LJ, Mastik MF, Slagter-Menkema L, Groen HJM, Laan BFAMVD, van Criekinge W, de Meyer T, Denil S, van der Vegt B, Wisman GBA, Roodenburg JLN, Schuuring E. RAB25 expression is epigenetically downregulated in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. Epigenetics 2016; 11:653-663. [PMID: 27379752 PMCID: PMC5048719 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1205176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) have a low survival rate, mainly due to metastasis to the regional lymph nodes. For optimal treatment of these metastases, a neck dissection is required; however, inaccurate detection methods results in under- and over-treatment. New DNA prognostic methylation biomarkers might improve lymph node metastases detection. To identify epigenetically regulated genes associated with lymph node metastases, genome-wide methylation analysis was performed on 6 OOSCC with (pN+) and 6 OOSCC without (pN0) lymph node metastases and combined with a gene expression signature predictive for pN+ status in OOSCC. Selected genes were validated using an independent OOSCC cohort by immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing, and on data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A two-step statistical selection of differentially methylated sequences revealed 14 genes with increased methylation status and mRNA downregulation in pN+ OOSCC. RAB25, a known tumor suppressor gene, was the highest-ranking gene in the discovery set. In the validation sets, both RAB25 mRNA (P = 0.015) and protein levels (P = 0.012) were lower in pN+ OOSCC. RAB25 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with RAB25 methylation levels (P < 0.001) but RAB25 protein expression was not. Our data revealed that promoter methylation is a mechanism resulting in downregulation of RAB25 expression in pN+ OOSCC and decreased expression is associated with lymph node metastasis. Detection of RAB25 methylation might contribute to lymph node metastasis diagnosis and serve as a potential new therapeutic target in OOSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J A M Clausen
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.,b Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - L J Melchers
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.,b Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - M F Mastik
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - L Slagter-Menkema
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.,c Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - H J M Groen
- d Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - B F A M van der Laan
- c Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - W van Criekinge
- e Department of Mathematical Modeling , Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - T de Meyer
- e Department of Mathematical Modeling , Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - S Denil
- f Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - B van der Vegt
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - G B A Wisman
- f Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - J L N Roodenburg
- b Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - E Schuuring
- a Departments of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
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7
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Melchers LJ, Clausen MJAM, Mastik MF, Slagter-Menkema L, van der Wal JE, Wisman GBA, Roodenburg JLN, Schuuring E. Identification of methylation markers for the prediction of nodal metastasis in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Epigenetics 2016. [PMID: 26213212 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1075689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypermethylation is an important mechanism for the dynamic regulation of gene expression, necessary for metastasizing tumour cells. Our aim is to identify methylation tumour markers that have a predictive value for the presence of regional lymph node metastases in patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC). Significantly differentially expressed genes were retrieved from four reported microarray expression profiles comparing pN0 and pN+ head-neck tumours, and one expression array identifying functionally hypermethylated genes. Additional metastasis-associated genes were included from the literature. Thus genes were selected that influence the development of nodal metastases and might be regulated by methylation. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) primers were designed and tested on 8 head-neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and technically validated on 10 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) OOSCC cases. Predictive value was assessed in a clinical series of 70 FFPE OOSCC with pathologically determined nodal status. Five out of 28 methylation markers (OCLN, CDKN2A, MGMT, MLH1 and DAPK1) were frequently differentially methylated in OOSCC. Of these, MGMT methylation was associated with pN0 status (P = 0.02) and with lower immunoexpression (P = 0.02). DAPK1 methylation was associated with pN+ status (P = 0.008) but did not associate with protein expression. In conclusion, out of 28 candidate genes, two (7%) showed a predictive value for the pN status. Both genes, DAPK1 and MGMT, have predictive value for nodal metastasis in a clinical group of OOSCC. Therefore DNA methylation markers are capable of contributing to diagnosis and treatment selection in OOSCC. To efficiently identify additional new methylation markers, genome-wide methods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Melchers
- a Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery ; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Groningen , The Netherlands
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Saber A, van der Wekken AJ, Kok K, Terpstra MM, Bosman LJ, Mastik MF, Timens W, Schuuring E, Hiltermann TJN, Groen HJM, van den Berg A. Genomic Aberrations in Crizotinib Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma Samples Identified by Transcriptome Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153065. [PMID: 27045755 PMCID: PMC4821611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ALK-break positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients initially respond to crizotinib, but resistance occurs inevitably. In this study we aimed to identify fusion genes in crizotinib resistant tumor samples. Re-biopsies of three patients were subjected to paired-end RNA sequencing to identify fusion genes using deFuse and EricScript. The IGV browser was used to determine presence of known resistance-associated mutations. Sanger sequencing was used to validate fusion genes and digital droplet PCR to validate mutations. ALK fusion genes were detected in all three patients with EML4 being the fusion partner. One patient had no additional fusion genes. Another patient had one additional fusion gene, but without a predicted open reading frame (ORF). The third patient had three additional fusion genes, of which two were derived from the same chromosomal region as the EML4-ALK. A predicted ORF was identified only in the CLIP4-VSNL1 fusion product. The fusion genes validated in the post-treatment sample were also present in the biopsy before crizotinib. ALK mutations (p.C1156Y and p.G1269A) detected in the re-biopsies of two patients, were not detected in pre-treatment biopsies. In conclusion, fusion genes identified in our study are unlikely to be involved in crizotinib resistance based on presence in pre-treatment biopsies. The detection of ALK mutations in post-treatment tumor samples of two patients underlines their role in crizotinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saber
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anthonie J. van der Wekken
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Klaas Kok
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M. Martijn Terpstra
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisette J. Bosman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam F. Mastik
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - T. Jeroen N. Hiltermann
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Harry J. M. Groen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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9
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Clausen MJAM, Melchers LJ, Mastik MF, Slagter-Menkema L, Groen HJM, van der Laan BFAM, van Criekinge W, de Meyer T, Denil S, Wisman GBA, Roodenburg JLN, Schuuring E. Identification and validation of WISP1 as an epigenetic regulator of metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:45-59. [PMID: 26391330 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. However, in approximately one third of OSCC patients nodal metastases remain undetected, and thus are not adequately treated. Therefore, clinical assessment of LN metastasis needs to be improved. The purpose of this study was to identify DNA methylation biomarkers to predict LN metastases in OSCC. Genome wide methylation assessment was performed on six OSCC with (N+) and six without LN metastases (N0). Differentially methylated sequences were selected based on the likelihood of differential methylation and validated using an independent OSCC cohort as well as OSCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Expression of WISP1 using immunohistochemistry was analyzed on a large OSCC cohort (n = 204). MethylCap-Seq analysis revealed 268 differentially methylated markers. WISP1 was the highest ranking annotated gene that showed hypomethylation in the N+ group. Bisulfite pyrosequencing confirmed significant hypomethylation within the WISP1 promoter region in N+ OSCC (P = 0.03) and showed an association between WISP1 hypomethylation and high WISP1 expression (P = 0.01). Both these results were confirmed using 148 OSCC retrieved from the TCGA database. In a large OSCC cohort, high WISP1 expression was associated with LN metastasis (P = 0.05), disease-specific survival (P = 0.022), and regional disease-free survival (P = 0.027). These data suggest that WISP1 expression is regulated by methylation and WISP1 hypomethylation contributes to LN metastasis in OSCC. WISP1 is a potential biomarker to predict the presence of LN metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J A M Clausen
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe J Melchers
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam F Mastik
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lorian Slagter-Menkema
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harry J M Groen
- Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard F A M van der Laan
- Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van Criekinge
- Department of Mathematical Modelling Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim de Meyer
- Department of Mathematical Modelling Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Denil
- Department of Mathematical Modelling Statistics and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Bea A Wisman
- Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan L N Roodenburg
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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10
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Melchers LJ, Mastik MF, Samaniego Cameron B, van Dijk BAC, de Bock GH, van der Laan BFAM, van der Vegt B, Speel EJM, Roodenburg JLN, Witjes MJH, Schuuring E. Detection of HPV-associated oropharyngeal tumours in a 16-year cohort: more than meets the eye. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1349-57. [PMID: 25867270 PMCID: PMC4402463 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate assessment of the prevalence of the human papilloma virus (HPV) in oropharyngeal tumours (OpSCC) is important because HPV-positive OpSCC are consistently associated with an improved overall survival. Recently, an algorithm has become available that reliably detects clinically relevant HPV in tumour tissue, however, no complete cohorts have been tested. The aim was to determine the prevalence of active high-risk HPV infection in a complete cohort of OpSCC collected over a 16-year period. METHODS Using a triple algorithm of p16 immunohistochemistry, HPV-BRISH and HPV-PCR, we assessed the prevalence of active HPV infection in all OpSCC diagnosed in our hospital from 1997 to 2012 (n=193) and a random selection of 200 oral tumours (OSCC). RESULTS Forty-seven OpSCC (24%) were HPVGP PCR-positive; 42 cases were HPV16+, 1 HPV18+, 3 HPV33+ and 1 HPV35+. Brightfield in situ hybridisation did not identify additional HPV-positive cases. Human papilloma virus-associated tumour proportion increased from 13% (1997-2004) to 30% (2005-2012). Human papilloma virus-positivity was an independent predictor for longer disease-specific survival (HR=0.22; 95%CI:0.10-0.47). Only one OSCC was HPV+. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, the incidence of HPV-associated OpSCC is low but increasing rapidly. The strict detection algorithm, analysis of disease-specific survival and the complete cohort, including palliatively treated patients, may influence the reported prevalence and prognostic value of HPV in OpSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Melchers
- 1] Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands [2] Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M F Mastik
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Samaniego Cameron
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B A C van Dijk
- 1] Department of Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center The Netherlands, P.O. Box 19079, 3501 DB Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G H de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B F A M van der Laan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head & Neck surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E J M Speel
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J L N Roodenburg
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M J H Witjes
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Schuuring
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Melchers LJ, Bruine de Bruin L, Schnell U, Slagter-Menkema L, Mastik MF, de Bock GH, van Dijk BAC, Giepmans BNG, van der Laan BFAM, van der Wal JE, Roodenburg JLN, Schuuring E. Lack of claudin-7 is a strong predictor of regional recurrence in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2013; 49:998-1005. [PMID: 23953778 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adequate treatment of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is dependent on correctly predicting the presence of lymph node metastases. Current methods to diagnose nodal metastases partly result in overtreatment with associated morbidity and undertreatment with decreased disease-free survival. E-cadherin has been studied extensively as potential marker for lymph node metastases. EpCAM and claudin-7 have a functional relationship with E-cadherin, forming a complex that promotes tumourigenicity in vitro. We hypothesize that the co-expression patterns of these related molecules is a better prognostic marker for nodal status and regional recurrences. MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed separate tissue microarrays of tumour centre and tumour invasive front of 227 OSCC with complete clinicopathological and follow-up data, including HPV status, and performed immunohistochemistry for these molecules. RESULTS Lack of E-cadherin and presence of cytoplasmic EpCAM expression in the tumour front were predictive for nodal metastasis, but no co-expression pattern was found clinically relevant. Lack of claudin-7 in the tumour centre was highly and independently predictive for shorter regional disease-free survival (HR=0.19; 95%CI: 0.06-0.62) and disease-specific survival (HR=0.43; 95%CI: 0.21-0.87). High-risk HPV was not associated with any marker. CONCLUSIONS The expression of E-cadherin and EpCAM, depending on the specific tumour sublocalization, is predictive for nodal status. However, co-expression did not improve the prediction of nodal status, indicating that the proposed in vitro complex is not functional in clinical samples. Additionally, lack of claudin-7 expression in the tumour centre may be used to identify patients with increased risk for regional recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Melchers
- Dept. of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands; Dept. of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Pattje WJ, Melchers LJ, Slagter-Menkema L, Mastik MF, Schrijvers ML, Gibcus JH, Kluin PM, Hoegen-Chouvalova O, van der Laan BFAM, Roodenburg JLN, van der Wal JE, Schuuring E, Langendijk JA. FADD expression is associated with regional and distant metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Histopathology 2013; 63:263-70. [PMID: 23763459 DOI: 10.1111/his.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The Fas-associated death domain gene (FADD) is often overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC), and is considered to be a driver gene in amplification of the chromosomal 11q13.3 region. Amplification of 11q13.3 is associated with increased metastasis in HNSCC and breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between FADD protein expression in advanced-stage HNSCC and clinicopathological features and outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS Tumour tissues of 177 HNSCC patients uniformly treated with primary surgery and postoperative radiotherapy were collected. FADD expression was assessed on pretreatment tumour biopsies using immunohistochemistry. High FADD expression was detected in 44% of the HNSCC patients. High expression was associated with an increased rate of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001) and with a shorter distant metastasis-free interval (DMFI) (HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0-6.7, P = 0.046) when lymph node metastases were present. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that an increase in FADD expression is associated with a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis at presentation, and with shorter DMFI when lymph node metastases are present. High FADD expression in the primary tumour could be a useful marker to select patients for systemic treatment strategies that reduce the risk of distant metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Pattje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Clausen M, Melchers LJ, Bruine de Bruin L, Mastik MF, Slagter-Menkema L, Groen HJ, van der Vegt B, Van der Laan BF, De Meyer T, Van Criekinge W, Wisman GB, Roodenburg JL, Schuuring E. Abstract 645: DNA methylation marker discovery for the prediction of nodal metastases in head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Annually 650,000 new patients are diagnosed with Head and Neck cancer, making it the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The 5-year survival is only 60% due to inaccurate detection of nodal metastases in the cervical or submandibular region (N-status). Our goal is to find new DNA methylation markers in the primary tumor that predict nodal metastases to improve diagnostics and treatment. For biomarker discovery we used a new approach combining global methylation assessment, next generation sequencing, quantitative methylation and microarray expression profiling. Here we report the success of this new approach and the further validation of novel biomarkers. We performed MethylCap-Seq on DNA from 6 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) with nodal metastases (N+) and 6 OSCC without nodal metastases (N0) to measure global methylation levels. After comparison of the sequenced reads a list was composed of the 5000 most differentially methylated genes between the two groups. The most significantly differentially methylated genes were validated using Quantitative Methylation Specific PCR (QMSP) and Pyrosequencing on a independent series of 20 N+ and 20 N0 OSCC. In addition, the MethylCap-Seq methylation data was combined with microarray expression data of 696 genes for a N-status validation cohort containing 222 OSCC (Hoof et al.; J Clin Oncol. 2012 Oct 8). Based upon the assumption that hypermethylation is associated with downregulation of gene expression, we selected hypermethylated and downregulated genes distinguishing between the two groups. The effect of DNA methylation on gene expression will be measured by (Q)RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry on a N-status validation panel. The most promising methylation markers will be further validated by Pyrosequencing and QMSP on DNA of a N-status validation cohort containing 463 cases for which complete clinicopathological and follow-up data are available. These markers might contribute to better diagnosis, improved quality of life and may be associated with increased survival.
This research was supported by the Center for Translational Molecular Medicine (project AIRFORCE).
Citation Format: Martijn Clausen, Lieuwe J. Melchers, Leonie Bruine de Bruin, Mirjam F. Mastik, Lorian Slagter-Menkema, Harry J. Groen, Bert van der Vegt, Bernard F. Van der Laan, Tim De Meyer, Wim Van Criekinge, G Bea Wisman, Jan L. Roodenburg, Ed Schuuring. DNA methylation marker discovery for the prediction of nodal metastases in head and neck cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 645. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-645
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Clausen
- 1University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Harry J. Groen
- 1University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - G Bea Wisman
- 1University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Ed Schuuring
- 1University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Pijpe J, Broers GHT, Plaat BEC, Hundeiker M, Otto F, Mastik MF, Hoekstra HJ, van der Graaf WTA, Berg EVD, Molenaar WM. The relation between histological, tumor-biological and clinical parameters in deep and superficial leiomyosarcoma and leiomyoma. Sarcoma 2011; 6:105-10. [PMID: 18521340 PMCID: PMC2395483 DOI: 10.1080/1357714021000065404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) of deep and superficial tissues were examined to identify prognostic markers explaining
their different biological behaviour and to define differences between cutaneous and subcutaneous LMS. LMS and leiomyomas
(LM) of the skin were compared to and consistent differences that could aid in the (sometimes difficult) diagnosis. Patients: Material was obtained from 27 patients with a deep LMS, 14 with a superficial LMS, and 21 with a LM. Methods: Proliferation markers (mitotic and Ki-67 indices), DNA ploidy, size, grade, and the amount of apoptosis were
studied. Statistical analysis was performed and survival curves were constructed by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared
by the log-rank test. Results: Superficial LMS were smaller than deep LMS (p < 0.05), and the overall survival of patients with a superficial LMS
was better than with a deep LMS (p < 0.05).Within the group of superficial LMS only entirely subcutaneous, and not cutaneous
tumors metastasized.No differences were found in the other examined parameters. Proliferation and apoptotic indices
were significantly higher in superficial LMS compared to superficial LM. Discussion: The difference in clinical outcome between patients with a superficial and deep LMS, seems to be related to site
and size.The metastatic potential of subcutaneous LMS, however, seems to be related to location alone and not to size.The
amount of apoptosis and proliferation can be used as additional criteria in the differentiation between superficial LMS and
LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Pijpe
- Department of Pathology University Hospital of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
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15
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Wildeman MAM, Gibcus JH, Hauptmann M, Begg AC, van Velthuysen MLF, Hoebers FJ, Mastik MF, Schuuring E, van der Wal JE, van den Brekel MWM. Radiotherapy in laryngeal carcinoma: can a panel of 13 markers predict response? Laryngoscope 2009; 119:316-22. [PMID: 19160427 DOI: 10.1002/lary.20069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To find biomarkers associated with response to radiotherapy in laryngeal cancer that can be used together with clinical parameters to improve outcome prediction. METHODS In this study, 26 patients irradiated for laryngeal carcinomas with a local recurrence within two years (cases) and 33 patients without recurrence (controls) were included. All pretreatment biopsies were arrayed onto a tissue array. Immunohistochemistry was performed for 13 biomarkers that were selected from the literature as potential predictors for radioresponse in head and neck (HN) cancer: Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, p16, p21, p27, p53, cyclin D1, HIF-1alpha, CA9, COX-2, EGFR, ki-67, and pRB. RESULTS Univariate logistic regression models showed borderline statistically significant increased relative risks, with positivity for CA9, COX-2, and p53. Goeman's global testing revealed an overall association between outcome and the 13 markers together with clinical variables. The most important markers were CA9 and COX-2. CONCLUSIONS In laryngeal carcinoma, hypoxia and COX-2 overexpression provide a stronger contribution to an increased risk of local recurrence after radiotherapy compared with the well-known candidate markers p53, Bcl-2, and cyclin D1. However, no robust expression profile for the prediction of radioresistance was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten A M Wildeman
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Gibcus JH, Menkema L, Mastik MF, Hermsen MA, de Bock GH, van Velthuysen MLF, Takes RP, Kok K, Alvarez Marcos CA, van der Laan BFAM, van den Brekel MWM, Langendijk JA, Kluin PM, van der Wal JE, Schuuring E. Amplicon mapping and expression profiling identify the Fas-associated death domain gene as a new driver in the 11q13.3 amplicon in laryngeal/pharyngeal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 13:6257-66. [PMID: 17975136 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Amplification of the 11q13 region is a frequent event in human cancer. The highest incidence (36%) is found in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Recently, we reported that the amplicon size in 30 laryngeal and pharyngeal carcinomas with 11q13 amplification is determined by unique genomic structures, resulting in the amplification of a set of genes rather than a single gene. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To investigate which gene(s) drive the 11q13 amplicon, we determined the smallest region of overlap with amplification and the expression levels of all genes within this amplicon. RESULTS Using array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis, we detected a region of approximately 1.7 Mb containing 13 amplified genes in more than 25 of the 29 carcinomas. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed that overexpression of 8 potential driver genes including, cyclin D1, cortactin, and Fas-associated death domain (FADD), correlated significantly with DNA amplification. FADD protein levels correlated well with DNA amplification, implicating that FADD is also a candidate driver gene in the 11q13 amplicon. Analysis of 167 laryngeal carcinomas showed that increased expression of FADD (P = 0.007) and Ser(194) phosphorylated FADD (P = 0.011) were associated with a worse disease-specific survival. FADD was recently reported to be involved in cell cycle regulation, and cancer cells expressing high levels of the Ser(194) phosphorylated isoform of FADD proved to be more sensitive to Taxol-induced cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSION Because of the frequent amplification of the 11q13 region and concomitant overexpression of FADD in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, we hypothesize that FADD is a marker to select patients that might benefit from Taxol-based chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan H Gibcus
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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17
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Komdeur R, Plaat BE, Hoekstra HJ, Molenaar WM, Hollema H, van den Berg E, Mastik MF, van der Graaf WT. Expression of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, and lung resistance-related protein in human soft tissue sarcomas before and after hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and melphalan. Cancer 2001; 91:1940-8. [PMID: 11346877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) is associated with expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and lung resistance-related protein (LRP). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) is able to modify the expression of these three proteins in different cell types. The effect of TNF-alpha in the clinical situation on patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is indeterminate. METHODS Thirty-seven patients with a locally advanced extremity STS underwent hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (HILP) with TNF-alpha and melphalan; 15 patients received additional interferon gamma. Clinical and histologic responses were documented and used to define the overall response. Samples before and after HILP were analyzed immunohistochemically for P-gp, MRP1, and LRP. Samples were scored as negative or positive (< or = 5% or > 5% positive tumor cells). RESULTS Six patients had an overall complete response, 25 patients had a partial response, and 4 patients with STS revealed no change; in 2 patients, the response remained unclear. The percentage STS samples that were positive for all three proteins dropped from 92% before HILP to 85% after HILP. P-gp positive samples were encountered more often than MRP1 positive samples (P < 0.05). The percentage of samples that were negative for all three MDR proteins increased after HILP from 6% to 16%. MDR status had no significant correlation with tumor response. CONCLUSIONS HILP with TNF-alpha and melphalan results in excellent overall tumor response in patients with locally advanced STS. STS more often are positive for P-gp than for MRP1. MDR status in patients with STS is not predictive for tumor response after HILP. Data from the current study suggest that the combination of TNF-alpha and melphalan does not induce MDR positive STS: a result with clinical importance when consecutive, adjuvant, doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Komdeur
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Komdeur R, Plaat BEC, Hoekstra HJ, Molenaar WM, Hollema H, van den Berg E, Mastik MF, van der Graaf WTA. Expression of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, and lung resistance-related protein in human soft tissue sarcomas before and after hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor-? and melphalan. Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010515)91:10<1940::aid-cncr1217>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Plaat BE, Hollema H, Molenaar WM, Torn Broers GH, Pijpe J, Mastik MF, Hoekstra HJ, van den Berg E, Scheper RJ, van der Graaf WT. Soft tissue leiomyosarcomas and malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors: differences in clinical outcome and expression of multidrug resistance proteins. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:3211-20. [PMID: 10986053 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2000.18.18.3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have reported clinical behavior and chemotherapy resistance in leiomyosarcomas, but these studies did not differentiate between soft tissue leiomyosarcomas (LMS) and malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Multidrug resistance (MDR) has been associated with the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein (MRP(1)), and lung resistance protein (LRP). The aim of the present study was to compare LMS and GIST with respect to clinical outcome and MDR parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical outcome was evaluated in 29 patients with a primary deep-seated LMS and 26 patients with a primary malignant GIST. Paraffin-embedded material, available for 26 patients with LMS and 25 with GIST, was used for immunohistochemical detection of P-gp, MRP(1), LRP, and c-kit. RESULTS Mean overall survival (OS) was 72 months for LMS patients and 31 months for GIST patients (P: <.05). Metastases occurred in 16 (59%) of 27 assessable LMS patients and in 10 (56%) of 18 assessable GIST patients. LMS predominantly metastasized to the lungs (14 of 16 patients), whereas GIST tended to spread to the liver (five of 10 patients) and the abdominal cavity (three of 10 patients; P: <.001). P-gp and MRP(1) expression was more pronounced in GIST than in LMS (P: <.05): the mean percentage of P-gp expressing cells was 13.4% in patients with LMS and 38.4% in patients with GIST, and the mean percentage MRP(1) expressing cells was 13.3% in patients with LMS and 35.4% in patients with GIST. LRP expression did not differ between LMS and GIST. c-kit was expressed in 5% of the LMS patients and in 68% of the GIST patients. CONCLUSION LMS patients have a better survival than GIST patients, and the metastatic pattern is different. Expression of MDR proteins in LMS is less pronounced than in GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Plaat
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Plaat BE, Molenaar WM, Sagrudny J, Bohle RM, Mastik MF, Hoekstra HJ, Van der Graaf WT, Hollema H, van den Berg E. The 16p11 breakpoint in myxoid liposarcomas might affect the expression of the LRP gene on 16p11.2 encoding the multidrug resistance associated major vault protein. Eur J Clin Invest 2000; 30:447-53. [PMID: 10809905 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome breakage could influence the expression of genes. This has been noticed in specific cases of acute myeloid leukaemia, where the 16p13 breakpoint affects the expression of the multidrug resistance related protein (MRP). Myxoid liposarcomas (LPS) are characterized by the t(12; 16)(q13; p11), which leads to the formation of a FUS-CHOP fusion transcript. This study investigates the relationship between the cytogenetically detected breakpoint 16p11 in myxoid LPS, the presence of the FUS-CHOP fusion transcript in nonmyxoid LPS and the expression of the lung resistance major vault protein (LRP) gene on 16p11.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of 16 cases with a diagnosis of a (possible) liposarcoma with an abnormal karyotype, fresh frozen tumour material was available for immunohistological detection of LRP. Cases without a cytogenetically detected t(12; 16)(q13; p11), were analyzed for the presence of a FUS-CHOP fusion transcript by RT-PCR. RESULTS In all 9 myxoid LPS a t(12; 16)(q13; p11) was found and LRP expression was absent or low. In none of the remaining 7 cases was a FUS-CHOP fusion transcript found, and four tumours were LRP positive (P = 0. 02). LRP expression in myxoid LPS (mean: 1.3%) was lower (P = 0.07) than in the nonmyxoid tumours (mean: 35.7%). CONCLUSIONS These observations indicate a relation between the t(12; 16)(q13; p11), leading to a FUS-CHOP fusion transcript in myxoid LPS, and the low or absent expression of the LRP-gene located on 16p11.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Plaat
- University Hospital Groningen, the Netherlands, and Justus-Liebig Universität, Giessen, Germany.
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21
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Plaat BE, Molenaar WM, Mastik MF, Hoekstra HJ, te Meerman GJ, van den Berg E. Computer-assisted cytogenetic analysis of 51 malignant peripheral-nerve-sheath tumors: sporadic vs. neurofibromatosis-type-1-associated malignant schwannomas. Int J Cancer 1999; 83:171-8. [PMID: 10471523 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19991008)83:2<171::aid-ijc5>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies in small groups of patients with malignant peripheral-nerve-sheath tumors (MPNST) revealed complex karyotypes with no consistent changes. A computer-assisted cytogenetic analysis using a cytogenetic database was performed to determine recurrent cytogenetic alterations in 51 MPNSTs (44 from the literature and 7 new cases) and to allow direct cytogenetic comparison between NF-1-associated and sporadic MPNSTs. Significant loss (p < 0.05) was observed in the chromosomal regions 9p2, 11p1, 11q2 and 18p1. Also, loss in 1p3, 9p1, 11q1, 12q2, 17p1, 18q1-q2, 19p1, 22q1, X and Y was detected. Gain of chromosomal material was found in chromosome 7, especially 7q1 (p < 0.05). Most involved breakpoints were: 1p13, 1q21, 7p22, 9p11, 17p11, 17q11, 22q11. Cytogenetic differences between NF-1-associated and sporadic MPNSTs included a relative loss of chromosomal material in NF-1-associated MPNSTs in 1p3, 4p1 and 21p1-q2 and a relative gain in 15p1-q1. Differences in breakpoints between the NF-1 associated and the sporadic MPNST group were observed in 1p21-22 (28% of NF-1 vs. 0% of sporadic MPNSTs), 1p32-34 (17% vs. 0%), 8p11-12 (7% vs. 27%) and 17q10-12 (24% vs. 7%). This approach, in which the cytogenetic results of various reports are combined, shows that losses in 9p2 and gains in 7q1 could be of oncogenetic importance in MPNSTs. Loss of 17q1, on which the NF-1 gene has been located (17q11.2), is not a common cytogenetic finding in NF-1-associated MPNSTs. The observed differences between NF-1-associated and sporadic MPNSTs might reflect different oncogenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Plaat
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Plaat BE, Molenaar WM, Mastik MF, Koudstaal J, van den Berg E, Koops HS, Hoekstra HJ. Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and melphalan in patients with locally advanced soft tissue sarcomas: treatment response and clinical outcome related to changes in proliferation and apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res 1999; 5:1650-7. [PMID: 10430064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and melphalan (HILP-TM) with or without IFN-gamma is a promising local treatment in patients with locally advanced extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), with response rates of up to 84%. The mechanisms of the treatment response are poorly understood. Here, we determined the HILP-TM-induced changes in mitotic activity, proliferation, and apoptosis in 37 STSs; the additional effect of IFN-gamma; and the association of HILP-TM with treatment response and clinical outcome. On archival material, obtained before and 6-8 weeks after HILP-TM with (n = 15) or without (n = 22) IFN-gamma, the number of mitoses was counted, and the proliferation fraction was determined by immunohistological staining for the proliferation associated Ki-67 antigen (MIB1). Apoptosis was visualized by enzymatic detection of DNA fragmentation (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling method). Clinical and histological response, follow-up status, and survival were recorded. The number of mitoses dropped 57% and proliferation rate decreased with 40% after HILP-TM, whereas the amount of apoptosis after HILP-TM more than doubled as before HILP-TM. The addition of IFN-gamma to HILP-TM did not influence the changes in tumor parameters and did not affect treatment response. A better clinical response to HILP-TM was correlated with high mitotic activity and low amount of apoptosis in tumor samples before HILP-TM. Patients with highly proliferative STS before and after HILP-TM had a relatively poor prognosis. Furthermore, patients who developed distant metastases after HILP-TM had a relatively high number of dividing cells in the tumor remnants after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Plaat
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Mastik MF, Molenaar WM, Plaat BE, de Graaf SS, Hogendoorn PC, van der Hout AH, van den Berg E. Translocation (11;22)(q24;q12) in a small cell tumor of the thigh in a 2-year-old boy: immunohistology, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, and review of the literature. Hum Pathol 1999; 30:352-5. [PMID: 10088556 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(99)90016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A case of a 2-year-old boy with a palpable mass in the left thigh is presented. Incisional biopsy was performed and subsequent histopathological examination revealed an infiltrative tumor composed of relatively large cells. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for vimentin and keratin, but not for desmin or smooth muscle actin. Cytogenetic analysis showed a 46,XY,t(11;22)(q24;q12) karyotype. The translocation (11;22)(q24;q12) is said to be characteristic for the family of Ewing's sarcoma and related tumors. As a result of the t(11;22)(q24;q12) the EWS gene on chromosome 22q12 joins the 3' part of FLI-1 gene on chromosome 11q24, which encodes a member of the ets family of transcriptional regulators. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) a corresponding EWS-FLI-1 fusion product was detected. Additional immunohistological staining for p30/p32MIC2, which is suggestive, but not specific for Ewing's sarcoma, appeared to be weakly positive. In the current case a diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma was considered unlikely, because of the location of the tumor and the immunohistological profile. Nevertheless it was decided to treat the patient according to a Ewing's sarcoma protocol based on the genotype of the tumor. The findings were compared with other extraosseous pediatric small cell tumors showing the t(11;22)(q24;q12) described in the literature.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Biopsy
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Karyotyping
- Male
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/metabolism
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
- Thigh/pathology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Mastik
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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de Wolde H, Pruim J, Mastik MF, Koudstaal J, Molenaar WM. Proliferative activity in human brain tumors: comparison of histopathology and L-[1-(11)C]tyrosine PET. J Nucl Med 1997; 38:1369-74. [PMID: 9293789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED To validate the protein synthesis rate (PSR) measured in human brain tumors using L-[1-(11)C]tyrosine (TYR) PET, the PSR was compared to histopathological parameters that reflect proliferation and protein synthesis. METHODS We studied 20 patients who had a brain biopsy and who also underwent a PET study with TYR. Paraffin sections were stained with the monoclonal antibody MIB 1, targeted against the core antigen Ki-67, and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were measured as argyrophilic NORs (AgNORs). The TYR uptake was measured by PET, and with a kinetic model, the PSR was determined. RESULTS PSR (nmol/ml/min) ranged from 0.44 to 1.99 (mean, 0.97), Ki-67 labeling indices (%) ranged from 0.9 to 33.5 (mean, 9.5) and AgNOR area (mm2/cm2) ranged from 0.13 to 0.85. No relationship was found between PSR and Ki-67 labeling index or AgNOR area. CONCLUSION It seems that the PSR and proliferation, as measured by Ki-67, are independent processes. The role of the PSR is uncertain, but it is likely that it can be seen as a marker for the homeostasis of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- H de Wolde
- Department of Pathology and PET Center, University and University Hospital of Groningen, The Netherlands
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