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Boraey NF, Bebars MA, Wahba AA, Abd El Lateef HM, Attia MA, Elsayed AH, Rashed KA, Sorour EI, Ahmed MF, Abd-Elrehim GAB, Soliman AA, Shehab MMM, Elhindawy EM, Ibraheem AAA, Shehata H, Yousif YM, Hashem MIA, Ahmed AA, Emam AA, Gameil DM, Abdelhady EM, Abdelkhalek K, Morsi WEMA, Selim DM, Razek SA, Ashraf B, Saleh ASE, Eltrawy HH, Alanwar MI, Fouad RA, Omar WE, Nabil RM, Abdelhamed MR, Ibrahim MY, Malek MM, Afify MR, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Tarabulsi MK, Qashqary ME, Almoraie LM, Salem HF, Rashad MM, El-Gaaly SAA, El-Deeb NA, Abdallah AM, Fakhreldin AR, Hassouba M, Massoud YM, Attaya MSM, Haridi MK. Association of ACE1 I/D polymorphism and susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-023-02982-8. [PMID: 38177248 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the sparse data on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and its biological effector molecules ACE1 and ACE2 in pediatric COVID-19 cases, we investigated whether the ACE1 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism could be a genetic marker for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. METHODS This was a case-control study included four hundred sixty patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and 460 well-matched healthy control children and adolescents. The I/D polymorphism (rs1799752) in the ACE1 gene was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), meanwhile the ACE serum concentrations were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS The ACE1 D/D genotype and Deletion allele were significantly more represented in patients with COVID-19 compared to the control group (55% vs. 28%; OR = 2.4; [95% CI: 1.46-3.95]; for the DD genotype; P = 0.002) and (68% vs. 52.5%; OR: 1.93; [95% CI: 1.49-2.5] for the D allele; P = 0.032). The presence of ACE1 D/D genotype was an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 among studied patients (adjusted OR: 2.6; [95% CI: 1.6-9.7]; P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS The ACE1 insertion/deletion polymorphism may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Egyptian children and adolescents. IMPACT Recent studies suggested a crucial role of renin-angiotensin system and its biological effector molecules ACE1 and ACE2 in the pathogenesis and progression of COVID-19. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to investigate the association of ACE1 I/D polymorphism and susceptibility to COVID-19 in Caucasian children and adolescents. The presence of the ACE1 D/D genotype or ACE1 Deletion allele may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and being associated with higher ACE serum levels; may constitute independent risk factors for severe COVID-19. The ACE1 I/D genotyping help design further clinical trials reconsidering RAS-pathway antagonists to achieve more efficient targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa F Boraey
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Bebars
- Department of Pediatrics, Princess Alexandra hospital, Harlow, UK
| | - Ali A Wahba
- Department of Pediatrics at SSMC (Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Mohamed Atif Attia
- Department of Pediatrics at SKMC (Sheikh khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ahmed H Elsayed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Khalid A Rashed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Ehab I Sorour
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | | | - Attia A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Shehab
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman M Elhindawy
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A A Ibraheem
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hassan Shehata
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yousif M Yousif
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mustafa I A Hashem
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amani A Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Emam
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Dalia M Gameil
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman M Abdelhady
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khalil Abdelkhalek
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa E M A Morsi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Selim
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suzan A Razek
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bassem Ashraf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S E Saleh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Heba H Eltrawy
- Department of Chest diseases, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I Alanwar
- Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rania A Fouad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa E Omar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Nabil
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R Abdelhamed
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Mona Yousri Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Mai M Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona R Afify
- Department of Medical microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanned T Alharbi
- Department of Medical microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K Nagshabandi
- Department of Medical microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muyassar K Tarabulsi
- Department of Medical microbiology and Parasitology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Esmail Qashqary
- Department of Family and community medicine, University Medical Center, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila M Almoraie
- Department of Family and community medicine, University Medical Center, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan F Salem
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Manal M Rashad
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sonya A A El-Gaaly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Ain-Shams, Egypt
| | - Nahawand A El-Deeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany M Abdallah
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Fakhreldin
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hassouba
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Yasmine M Massoud
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Ain-Shams, Egypt
| | - Mona S M Attaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Al-Azhar, Egypt
| | - Mohammed K Haridi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Shareef U, Altaf A, Ahmed M, Akhtar N, Almuhayawi MS, Al Jaouni SK, Selim S, Abdelgawad MA, Nagshabandi MK. A comprehensive review of discovery and development of drugs discovered from 2020-2022. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101913. [PMID: 38204591 PMCID: PMC10777120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To fully evaluate and define the new drug molecule for its pharmacological characteristics and toxicity profile, pre-clinical and clinical studies are conducted as part of the drug research and development process. The average time required for all drug development processes to finish various regulatory evaluations ranges from 11.4 to 13.5 years, and the expense of drug development is rising quickly. The development in the discovery of newer novel treatments is, however, largely due to the growing need for new medications. Methods to identify Hits and discovery of lead compounds along with pre-clinical studies have advanced, and one example is the introduction of computer-aided drug design (CADD), which has greatly shortened the time needed for the drug to go through the drug discovery phases. The pharmaceutical industry will hopefully be able to address the present and future issues and will continue to produce novel molecular entities (NMEs) to satisfy the expanding unmet medical requirements of the patients as the success rate of the drug development processes is increasing. Several heterocyclic moieties have been developed and tested against many targets and proved to be very effective. In-depth discussion of the drug design approaches of newly found drugs from 2020 to 2022, including their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and in-vitro and in-vivo assessments, is the main goal of this review. Considering the many stages these drugs are going through in their clinical trials, this investigation is especially pertinent. It should be noted that synthetic strategies are not discussed in this review; instead, they will be in a future publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Shareef
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Altaf
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 43600, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K. Nagshabandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
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Almuhayawi MS, Alruhaili MH, Gattan HS, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Almehayawi MS, Jaouni SKA, Selim S, Alqahtani FS, El-Saadony MT, Alagawany M. Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of olive leaves powder and its role in improving the broiler productivity, carcass traits, blood metabolites, and caecal microbiota. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103054. [PMID: 37729677 PMCID: PMC10514443 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity (in vitro study) of olive leaves powder (OLP) and its role in improving the broiler productivity, carcass criteria, blood indices, and antioxidant activity. A total of 270 one-day-old broiler chickens were distributed into 6 treatment groups as follows: the first group: basal diet without any supplementation, while the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups: basal diet supplemented with 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 (µg/g), respectively. The in vitro study showed that the OLP has good antibacterial activity in the concentration-dependent matter; OLP 175 µg/mL inhibited the tested bacteria in the zones range of (0.8-4 cm), Klebsiella Pneumonaie (KP) was the most resistant bacteria to OLP concentration. The antioxidant activity of OLP increased with increasing the concentration of OLP compared to ascorbic acid, where OLP 175 µg/mL scavenged 91% of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals compared to 93% scavenging activity of ascorbic acid. Broiler chickens fed diets with OLP had significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weight (BW) and body weight growth (BWG) than the control birds. The treatment with OLP significantly reduced the feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) when compared to control. Groups supplemented with OLP showed decreased abdominal fat deposition and a significant increase in the net carcass and breast muscle weight. OLP improved birds' blood parameters in comparison with control birds. All pathogenic bacterial numbers in caecal samples were decreased with elevating OLP levels, but the cecal Lactobacillus bacterial count was increased. In conclusion, OLP supplementation improved broiler chickens' performance, carcass traits, and blood parameters. Moreover, OLP improved birds' liver functions (reduced Alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST] levels) in comparison with control. In addition, OLP promoted the antioxidant status, minimized the harmful microbial load, and increased beneficial bacterial count in the cecal contents of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Almuhayawi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed H Alruhaili
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan S Gattan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanned Talal Alharbi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K Nagshabandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutasem Saad Almehayawi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S Alqahtani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Almuhayawi MS, Gattan HS, Alruhaili MH, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Tarabulsi MK, Almuhayawi SM, Al Jaouni SK, Selim S, Alanazi A, Alruwaili Y, Faried OA, Amin I, Elnosary ME. Molecular Profile and the Effectiveness of Antimicrobials Drugs Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Diagnostic Approaches of Otitis Infection. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:4397-4408. [PMID: 37431447 PMCID: PMC10329836 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s418685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Otitis externa and otitis media are two types of ear infections that affect people of all ages, although they are more common in newborns and young children. Antibiotic usage, healthcare, and advanced age all play a role in the development of this illness. Methods Fifty-eight patients with various kinds of infections of the ears were voluntary patients attending the outpatient clinics of the Prince Mutaib Bin Abdulaziz Hospital in Sakaka, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia, examined to evaluate the role of bacteria and the likely significance of plasmids in their antibiotic resistance as ear infectious agents. Results Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most prevalent bacteria found in ear infections. The greatest number of major bacterial isolates were S. aureus (54%), followed by P. aeruginosa (13%), whereas a smaller number of isolates (3%) were from Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis, and Proteus vulgaris, respectively. Mixed growth was noted in 3.4% of instances. The isolation rate for Gram-positive organisms was 72%, while the rate for Gram-negative species was 28%. All the isolates had DNA greater than 14 kilobases. Hind III analysis of the plasmid DNA extracted from the resistant strains of ear infection demonstrated that antibiotic-resistance plasmids were extensively dispersed. Exotoxin A PCR amplification indicated 396 pb PCR-positive DNA for all identified samples, with the exception of three strains for which no band was observed. Patients in the epidemiological study ranged in number, but all were linked together for the purposes of the study because of their shared epidemiological characteristics. Conclusion Vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, rifampin, and daptomycin are all antibiotics that have been shown to be effective against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Microbiological pattern evaluation and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the microorganisms providing empirical antibiotics are becoming increasingly crucial to minimize issues and the development of antibiotic-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Almuhayawi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan S Gattan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Alruhaili
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanned Talal Alharbi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K Nagshabandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muyassar K Tarabulsi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M Almuhayawi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awadh Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Alruwaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Ahmed Faried
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62513, Egypt
| | - Islam Amin
- Central Laboratory, Ismailia General Hospital, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Elnosary
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
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Almuhayawi MS, Alruhaili MH, Gattan HS, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Al Jaouni SK, Selim S, Elnosary ME. In silico molecular modeling of cold pressed garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seed oil toward the binding pocket of antimicrobial resistance Staphylococcus aureus DNA-gyrase complexes. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:1238-1247. [PMID: 36876662 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202302_31356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The seeds of garden cress, Lepidium sativum L., are a fantastic source of phytochemicals and proteins. The purpose of the current study was to use solvent extraction techniques to examine the physicochemical characteristics and biological activities of garden cress (L. sativum) seed oil extracts and compounds against Staphylococcus aureus, in vitro, molecular docking and pharmacokinetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cress seed oil were collected from Sakaka, Saudi Arabia's Al-Jouf market. Seeds were crushed in 80% ethanol for several extraction. The oil extraction was forced through a perforated tube, and the meal was expelled via a calibrated aperture. After that, a centrifuge was used to separate the oil from the plant debris (15 min). Study the anti- Staphylococcus aureus of cress seed oil by Well-Diffusion Assay, while cress oil molecules docked against Staphylococcus aureus target (pdb-id: 2XCS) by MOE 19.0901 Software. The pharmacokinetics (ADMET) and Lipinski's rules were predicted by pKCSM online server (available at: https://biosig.lab.uq.edu.au/pkcsm/prediction). RESULTS The outcome showed that the oil yield for seed oil extract, the specific gravity (0.93) and concentration (33%) was substantially greater. Our findings included a maximal zone of inhibition (23 mm), a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 80 µg/mL, and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 170 µg/mL of cress oil against Staphylococcus aureus. The docking results indicated that the affinity score of Quercetin-3-O-glucosylgalactoside docked against pdb-id: 2XCS was 9.48, while RMSD 1.59 Å compared with the co-crystallized ligand showed an affinity score of -7.58 kcal/mol and RMSD 1.32 Å. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Cress seed oil might be utilised to protect food from S. aureus infection that is resistant to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Alruhaili MH, Almuhayawi MS, Gattan HS, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Jaouni SKA, Selim S, AbdElgawad H. Insight into the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activities of Amomum subulatum and Amomum xanthioides: an in vitro and in silico study. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1136961. [PMID: 37152127 PMCID: PMC10157186 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1136961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Medicinal plants have been considered as potential source of therapeutics or as starting materials in drugs formulation. Methods The current study aims to shed light on the therapeutic potential of the Amomum subulatom and Amomum xanthioides Fruits by analyzing the phytochemical composition of their seeds and fruits using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques to determine the presence of bioactive components such as flavonoids, phenols, vitamins, steroids, and essential oils. Results and Discussion The protein content is usually higher than the total lipids in both species except the fruit of A. subulatum which contain more lipids than proteins. The total protein contents for A. subulatum were 235.03 ± 21.49 and 227.49 ± 25.82 mg/g dry weight while for A. xanthioides were 201.9 ± 37.79 and 294.99 ± 37.93 mg/g dry weight for seeds and fruit, respectively. The Carvacrol levels in A. subulatum is 20 times higher than that in A. xanthioides. Lower levels of α-Thujene, Phyllanderenes, Ascaridole, and Pinocarvone were also observed in both species. According to DPPH (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) assay, seed the extract of A. subulatum exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (78.26±9.27 %) followed by the seed extract of A. xanthioides (68.21±2.56 %). Similarly, FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) assay showed that the highest antioxidant activity was exhibited by the seed extract of the two species; 20.14±1.11 and 21.18±1.04 µmol trolox g-1 DW for A. subulatum and A. xanthioides, respectively. In terms of anti-lipid peroxidation, relatively higher values were obtained for the fruit extract of A. subulatum (6.08±0.35) and the seed extract of A. xanthioides (6.11±0.55). Ethanolic seed extracts of A. subulatum had the highest efficiency against four Gram-negative bacterial species which causes serious human diseases, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium. In addition, P. aeruginosa was also inhibited by the fruit extract of both A. subulatum and A. xanthioides. For the seed extract of A. xanthioides, large inhibition zones were formed against P. vulgaris and the fungus Candida albicans. Finally, we have in silico explored the mode of action of these plants by performing detailed molecular modeling studies and showed that the antimicrobial activities of these plants could be attributed to the high binding affinity of their bioactive compounds to bind to the active sites of the sterol 14-alpha demethylase and the transcriptional regulator MvfR. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the two species extracts possess high biological activities and therapeutical values, which increases their potential value in a number of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H. Alruhaili
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohammed H. Alruhaili, ; Samy Selim, ; Hamada AbdElgawad,
| | - Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hattan S. Gattan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanned Talal Alharbi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K. Nagshabandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K. Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohammed H. Alruhaili, ; Samy Selim, ; Hamada AbdElgawad,
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohammed H. Alruhaili, ; Samy Selim, ; Hamada AbdElgawad,
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7
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Ashry NM, El Bahgy HEK, Mohamed A, Alsubhi NH, Alrefaei GI, Binothman N, Alharbi M, Selim S, Almuhayawi MS, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Saad AM, El-Saadony MT, Sitohy B. Evaluation of graphene oxide, chitosan and their complex as antibacterial agents and anticancer apoptotic effect on HeLa cell line. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:922324. [PMID: 36267179 PMCID: PMC9577200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.922324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and bacterial infection are the most serious problems threatening people's lives worldwide. However, the overuse of antibiotics as antibacterial and anticancer treatments can cause side effects and lead to drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, developing natural materials with excellent antibacterial and anticancer activity is of great importance. In this study, different concentrations of chitosan (CS), graphene oxide (GO), and graphene oxide-chitosan composite (GO-CS) were tested to inhibit the bacterial growth of gram-positive (Bacillus cereus MG257494.1) and gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1). Moreover, we used the most efficient natural antibacterial material as an anticancer treatment. The zeta potential is a vital factor for antibacterial and anticancer mechanism, at pH 3–7, the zeta potential of chitosan was positive while at pH 7–12 were negative, however, the zeta potential for GO was negative at all pH values, which (p < 0.05) increased in the GO-CS composite. Chitosan concentrations (0.2 and 1.5%) exhibited antibacterial activity against BC with inhibition zone diameters of 4 and 12 mm, respectively, and against PAO1 with 2 and 10 mm, respectively. Treating BC and PAO1 with GO:CS (1:2) and GO:CS (1:1) gave a larger (p < 0.05) inhibition zone diameter. The viability and proliferation of HeLa cells treated with chitosan were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) from 95.3% at 0% to 12.93%, 10.33%, and 5.93% at 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.60% concentrations of chitosan, respectively. Furthermore, CS treatment increased the activity of the P53 protein, which serves as a tumor suppressor. This study suggests that chitosan is effective as an antibacterial and may be useful for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M. Ashry
- Department of Agriculture Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalubia, Egypt
| | - Halla E. K. El Bahgy
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Abdelkader Mohamed
- Department of Soil and Water Research, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Abou Zaabl, Egypt
| | - Nouf H. Alsubhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer I. Alrefaei
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najat Binothman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alharbi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Samy Selim
| | - Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanned T. Alharbi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K. Nagshabandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohamed T. El-Saadony
| | - Basel Sitohy
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Basel Sitohy
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8
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Zeidan NMS, Lateef HMAE, Selim DM, Razek SA, Abd-Elrehim GAB, Nashat M, ElGyar N, Waked NM, Soliman AA, Elhewala AA, Shehab MMM, Ibraheem AAA, Shehata H, Yousif YM, Akeel NE, Hashem MIA, Ahmed AA, Emam AA, Abdelmohsen MM, Ahmed MF, Saleh ASE, Eltrawy HH, Shahin GH, Nabil RM, Hosny TA, Abdelhamed MR, Afify MR, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Tarabulsi MK, Osman SF, Abd-Elrazek ASM, Rashad MM, El-Gaaly SAA, Gad SAB, Mohamed MY, Abdelkhalek K, Yousef AA. Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphism as risk factors for COVID-19. Pediatr Res 2022; 93:1383-1390. [PMID: 36085364 PMCID: PMC9461391 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the sparse data on vitamin D status in pediatric COVID-19, we investigated whether vitamin D deficiency could be a risk factor for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. We also investigated whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism could be a genetic marker for COVID-19 susceptibility. METHODS One hundred and eighty patients diagnosed to have COVID-19 and 200 matched control children and adolescents were recruited. Patients were laboratory confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 positive by real-time RT-PCR. All participants were genotyped for VDR Fok1 polymorphism by RT-PCR. Vitamin D status was defined as sufficient for serum 25(OH) D at least 30 ng/mL, insufficient at 21-29 ng/mL, deficient at <20 ng/mL. RESULTS Ninety-four patients (52%) had low vitamin D levels with 74 (41%) being deficient and 20 (11%) had vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with 2.6-fold increased risk for COVID-19 (OR = 2.6; [95% CI 1.96-4.9]; P = 0.002. The FokI FF genotype was significantly more represented in patients compared to control group (OR = 4.05; [95% CI: 1.95-8.55]; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency and VDR Fok I polymorphism may constitute independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. IMPACT Vitamin D deficiency could be a modifiable risk factor for COVID-19 in children and adolescents because of its immune-modulatory action. To our knowledge, ours is the first such study to investigate the VDR Fok I polymorphism in Caucasian children and adolescents with COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency and the VDR Fok I polymorphism may constitute independent risk factors for susceptibility to COVID-19 in Egyptian children and adolescents. Clinical trials should be urgently conducted to test for causality and to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19 taking into account the VDR polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. S. Zeidan
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan M. Abd El Lateef
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia M. Selim
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Suzan A. Razek
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A. B. Abd-Elrehim
- grid.412659.d0000 0004 0621 726XDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nashat
- grid.417764.70000 0004 4699 3028Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Noha ElGyar
- grid.252487.e0000 0000 8632 679XDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Nevin M. Waked
- grid.412319.c0000 0004 1765 2101Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Attia A. Soliman
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Elhewala
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. M. Shehab
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. A. Ibraheem
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hassan Shehata
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yousif M. Yousif
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nagwa E. Akeel
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mustafa I. A. Hashem
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amani A. Ahmed
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Emam
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abdelmohsen
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Ahmed
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. E. Saleh
- grid.411660.40000 0004 0621 2741Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Heba H. Eltrawy
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan H. Shahin
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab M. Nabil
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Thoraya A. Hosny
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Mona R. Afify
- grid.460099.2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanned T. Alharbi
- grid.460099.2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K. Nagshabandi
- grid.460099.2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muyassar K. Tarabulsi
- grid.460099.2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif F. Osman
- grid.416992.10000 0001 2179 3554Department of Radiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX USA
| | - Amal S. M. Abd-Elrazek
- grid.411775.10000 0004 0621 4712Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Rashad
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sonya A. A. El-Gaaly
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Said A. B. Gad
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y. Mohamed
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khalil Abdelkhalek
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aly A. Yousef
- grid.412093.d0000 0000 9853 2750Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
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9
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Selim S, Almuhayawi MS, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Alanazi A, Warrad M, Hagagy N, Ghareeb A, Ali AS. In Vitro Assessment of Antistaphylococci, Antitumor, Immunological and Structural Characterization of Acidic Bioactive Exopolysaccharides from Marine Bacillus cereus Isolated from Saudi Arabia. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020132. [PMID: 35208207 PMCID: PMC8874505 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A strain of Bacillus cereus was isolated from the Saudi Red Sea coast and identified based on culture features, biochemical characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences. EPSR3 was a major fraction of exopolysaccharides (EPS) containing no sulfate and had uronic acid (28.7%). The monosaccharide composition of these fractions is composed of glucose, galacturonic acid, and arabinose with a molar ratio of 2.0: 0.8: 1.0, respectively. EPSR3 was subjected to antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. The results revealed that the whole antioxidant activity was 90.4 ± 1.6% at 1500 µg/mL after 120 min. So, the IC50 value against DPPH radical found about 500 µg/mL after 60 min. While using H2O2, the scavenging activity was 75.1 ± 1.9% at 1500 µg/mL after 60 min. The IC50 value against H2O2 radical found about 1500 µg/mL after 15 min. EPSR3 anticytotoxic effect on the proliferation of (Bladder carcinoma cell line) (T-24), (human breast carcinoma cell line) (MCF-7), and (human prostate carcinoma cell line) (PC-3) cells. The calculated IC50 for cell line T-24 was 121 ± 4.1 µg/mL, while the IC50 for cell line MCF-7 was 55.7 ± 2.3 µg/mL, and PC-3 was 61.4 ± 2.6 µg/mL. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined for EPSR3 using different methods as Lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory assay gave IC50 12.9 ± 1.3 µg/mL. While cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitory test showed 29.6 ± 0.89 µg /mL. EPSR3 showed potent inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci. The exposure times of EPSR3 for the complete inhibition of cell viability of methicillin resistant S. aureus was found to be 5% at 60 min. Membrane stabilization inhibitory gave 35.4 ± 0.67 µg/mL. EPSR3 has antitumor activity with a reasonable margin of safety. The antitumor activity of EPSR3 may be attributed to its content from uronic acids with potential for cellular antioxidant and anticancer functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Mohammed S. Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.)
| | - Mohanned Talal Alharbi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.A.); (M.K.N.)
| | - Mohammed K. Nagshabandi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.A.); (M.K.N.)
| | - Awadh Alanazi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mona Warrad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Quriat, Jouf University, Al-Quriat 77454, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nashwa Hagagy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ghareeb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Abdallah S. Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (A.S.A.)
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