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Shome R, Natesan K, Kalleshamurthy T, Yadav C, Sahay S, Skariah S, Mohandoss N, Kumar ORV, Shome BR, Rahman H. Management of bovine brucellosis in organized dairy herds through the identification of risk factors: A cross-sectional study from Karnataka, India. Vet World 2023; 16:1122-1130. [PMID: 37576779 PMCID: PMC10420698 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1122-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by Brucella species. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis seropositivity in organized dairy farms to control the disease in unvaccinated adult bovine herds in Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods In total, 3610 samples (3221 cattle and 389 buffaloes) were subjected to parallel testing using the Rose Bengal plate test and protein G-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, followed by analyses of animal- and farm-level epidemiological datasets to identify the risk factors. Results The apparent brucellosis prevalence at the animal level was higher in buffaloes (8.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.9-11.4) than in cattle (6.1%, 95% CI = 5.3-7.0). In a multivariable logistic model, animals calved 3-5 times (odds ratio [OR] = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.50-3.1, reference [ref]: animals calved <2 times); animals with a history of abortion (OR = 54.73, 95% CI = 33.66-89.02), repeat breeding (OR = 19.46, 95% CI = 11.72-32.25), and placental retention (OR = 13.94, 95% CI = 4.92-39.42, ref: no clinical signs); and dogs on farms (OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.48-4.40, ref: absence of dogs); disposal of aborted fetus in open fields (OR = 4.97, 95% CI = 1.93-12.84) and water bodies (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.50-3.1, ref: buried); purchase of animals from other farms (OR = 6.46, 95% CI = 1.01-41.67, ref: government farms); hand milking (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.02-10.0, ref: machine milking); and use of monthly veterinary services (OR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.28-9.29, ref: weekly services) were considered significant risk factors for brucellosis in organized bovine herds (p < 0.01). Conclusion The study identified that the animals calved 3-5 times or with a history of abortion/repeat breeding/placental retention, and disposal of aborted fetus in open fields/water bodies as the potential risk factors for bovine brucellosis. These risk factors should be controlled through the implementation of best practices to reduce the brucellosis burden in bovine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- ICAR-NIVEDI, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Habibur Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, NASC Complex, CG Center, DPS Marg, Pusa, New Delhi, India
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Shome R, Patra S, Sahib MM, Shanmugam G, Dubey S, Skariah S, Shamshad S, Barman NN, Bora DP, Shome A, Mohandoss N, Shome BR. Evaluation of an in-house IgM/IgG lateral flow assay for serodiagnosis of human brucellosis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 42:55-58. [PMID: 36967218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of an in-house lateral flow assay (LFA) for the detection of IgM/IgG anti-Brucella antibodies for rapid serodiagnosis of human brucellosis. Three groups of sera samples including 476 from high-risk individuals, 27 from culture-confirmed patients, and 43 from healthy blood donors were used for evaluation of LFA. In comparison with iELISA, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of LFA were >95%, >99%, and 99% respectively. Considering the very good agreement, accuracy, simplicity, and rapidity, LFAs might be useful as a point of care test for the diagnosis of human brucellosis in resource-limited laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Shome
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India.
| | - Sudipta Patra
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - Muneera Mohamed Sahib
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - G Shanmugam
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - Shiva Dubey
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - Somy Skariah
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - Samer Shamshad
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - Nagendra Nath Barman
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - Durlav Prasad Bora
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - Arijit Shome
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - Nagalingam Mohandoss
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
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Shome R, Kalleshamurthy T, Nagaraj C, Rathore Y, Ramanjinappa KD, Skariah S, Mohandoss N, Shome BR, Chanda MM, Hemadri D. Countrywide cross-sectional study of swine brucellosis sero-prevalence in Indian subcontinent during 2018-2019. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:114. [PMID: 35217897 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis in swine is a contagious disease with greater zoonotic potential caused by Brucella suis. The study describes PAN India swine brucellosis sero-prevalence in 5431 stratified random serum samples collected during 2018-2019 from 26 out of 29 states and two out of seven union territories. The serum samples were tested for anti-Brucella antibodies by indirect ELISA and overall, 4.33% apparent prevalence (AP) was recorded. The AP is ≥ 10% in five states among 26 states, P ≥ 50% in four districts out of 117 districts screened and cent percent prevalence in two epi units out of 264 sampled. Significantly high seropositivity (p < 0.05) in male (6.08%) than female pigs (3.46%) and in ≥ 24-month-old pigs indicated older and male pigs as potential carriers of the disease. The study recorded endemicity of the swine brucellosis in few regions of India requiring periodical surveillance for control of the disease. Brucella testing of boars before breeding and awareness among farmers and veterinarians will aid in reduction of disease burden in the absence of vaccination policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India.
| | - Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Chaitra Nagaraj
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Yashaswini Rathore
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Kavana Doddajala Ramanjinappa
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Somy Skariah
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Nagalingam Mohandoss
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Mohammed Mudassar Chanda
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Divakar Hemadri
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
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Natesan K, Kalleshamurthy T, Nookala M, Yadav C, Mohandoss N, Skariah S, Sahay S, Shome BR, Kumar ORV, Rahman H, Shome R. Seroprevalence and risk factors for brucellosis in small ruminant flocks in Karnataka in the Southern Province of India. Vet World 2021; 14:2855-2862. [PMID: 35017831 PMCID: PMC8743770 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2855-2862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of high economic and public health importance in large and small ruminant populations worldwide. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants in organized farms in the southern region of India. Materials and Methods: Farms exclusively rearing sheep and goats were selected based on the number of animals (small, medium, or large) and the location of the farm (urban, periurban, or rural). A total of 1499 serum samples; 1001 from sheeps and 498 from goats were sourced from six sheep and four goat farms and tested using Rose Bengal Plate and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay tests. Results: The apparent prevalence of brucellosis was higher in sheep (8.29%, 95% CI 6.7-10.1) than goats (5.82%, 95% CI 4.0-8.2). The true adjusted population level seroprevalence was also higher in sheep, at 7.7% (95% CI 6.0-9.6) than in goats, at 5.1% (95% CI 3.2-7.6). According to bivariate categorical analysis, six highly significant (p<0.001) animal- and farm-level risk factors for sheep were age, breed, number of lambings, history of abortion, rural farms, and presence of dogs on the farm. In goats, five significant risk factors were found: History of abortion, separate sheds, dogs on the farm, weekly veterinary consultation, and lack of brucellosis awareness. In a logistic regression model, abortion (OR adjusted 10.8, 95% CI 1.2-96.12), rural farms (OR adjusted 8.5, 95% CI 3.6-20.0), and absence of separate sheds on the farms (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.5) were found to be significant risk factors for ovine brucellosis. Conclusion: The use of complementary measures to tackle the multiple animal- and farm-level risk factors may help to reduce the disease burden in the absence of a vaccination policy for small ruminants in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithiga Natesan
- Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council for Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council for Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mangadevi Nookala
- Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council for Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitra Yadav
- Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council for Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagalingam Mohandoss
- Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council for Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Somy Skariah
- Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council for Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Swati Sahay
- Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council for Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council for Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Obli Rajendran Vinodh Kumar
- Division of Epidemiology, Indian Council for Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Habibur Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- Department of Bacteriology, Indian Council for Agricultural Research-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Shome R, Kalleshamurthy T, Rathore Y, Ramanjinappa KD, Skariah S, Nagaraj C, Mohandoss N, Sahay S, Shome BR, Kuralayanapalya P S, Roy P, Hemadri D. Spatial sero-prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants of India: Nationwide cross-sectional study for the year 2017-2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2199-2208. [PMID: 33021085 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis in small ruminants caused mainly due to Brucella melitensis is an important zoonotic disease characterized by abortion, retained placenta, infertility, orchitis, epididymitis and rarely arthritis. Small ruminants are the main source of economy for the rural and marginally poor farmers and brucellosis is resulting in huge economic losses due to abortions and infertility and causing public health concern among the small ruminant keepers. Bovine brucellosis control programme has been implemented in India and small ruminants are left out of the programme mainly due to paucity of brucellosis status. The present cross-sectional study based on stratified random sampling was undertaken during 2017-18 to provide the nationwide brucellosis sero-prevalence in small ruminants. A total of 24,056 small ruminant serum samples (sheep samples = 8,103 [male-2,440 and female-5,663] and goat samples = 15,953 [male-4,331 and female-11,622]) sourced from 27 out of 29 states and two out of seven union territories (UTs), 350 districts of total 640 districts (54.68% of the Indian districts) and from 1,462 villages out of 6,40,867 villages (43.83% of the Indian villages). The serum samples were tested by indirect ELISA and overall brucellosis apparent and true prevalence of 7.45 (95% CI: 7.13-7.79) and 3.79 (95% CI: 3.44-4.17) was recorded. Significantly higher brucellosis sero-prevalence (p < .0001) was observed in sheep (11.55%) than goats (5.37%). Similarly, brucellosis seropositivity was highly significant in females compared to males in both sheep and goats. Countrywide, greater than 5% brucellosis sero-prevalence in sheep and goats was recorded in 14 and 10 states, respectively, indicating endemicity of the disease. The study provided the latest update on nationwide spatial sero-prevalence of small ruminant brucellosis which will aid government to strengthen regular surveillance and vaccination to reduce the disease burden and public health problems in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bangalore, India
| | - Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bangalore, India
| | - Yashaswini Rathore
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bangalore, India
| | - Kavana D Ramanjinappa
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bangalore, India
| | - Somy Skariah
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bangalore, India
| | - Chaitra Nagaraj
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bangalore, India
| | - Nagalingam Mohandoss
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bangalore, India
| | - Swati Sahay
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bangalore, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bangalore, India
| | - Suresh Kuralayanapalya P
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bangalore, India
| | - Parimal Roy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bangalore, India
| | - Divakar Hemadri
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (ICAR-NIVEDI), Bangalore, India
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Shome R, Kalleshamurthy T, Natesan K, Jayaprakash KR, Byrareddy K, Mohandoss N, Sahay S, Shome BR, Hiremath J, Rahman H, Barbuddhe SB. Serological and molecular analysis for brucellosis in selected swine herds from Southern India. J Infect Public Health 2018; 12:247-251. [PMID: 30448370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella suis. The study describes the occurrence of brucellosis in two organized piggeries in Southern India. METHODS A total of 585 serum samples comprising 575 from pigs and 10 from animal handlers were collected and tested by serological tests and PCR. Tissue samples were collected for isolation of the pathogen. RESULTS Out of 575 serum samples screened, 236 (41.04%) were positive for brucellosis by both Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect ELISA (iELISA) and 47 (8.17) samples showed Brucella DNA amplification by genus specific PCR. The sows those aborted and 19 boars with orchitis were seropositive for brucellosis indicating association of clinical symptoms with brucellosis seropositivity. Two of 10 pig handlers were positive by RBPT and showed significant serum agglutination test (SAT) titres of >1:160 and 1:320. B. suis bvI was isolated and identified by biochemical tests and confirmed by amplification Brucella genus and Bruce ladder PCRs from vaginal and testicular samples. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of untested breeding boars in the farms might have resulted in the disease transmission and spread. The present study highlighted the diagnosis of B. suis bvI as a cause of abortions in the pigs and occupational exposure to farm personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India.
| | - Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Krithiga Natesan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - K Rohit Jayaprakash
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Kavya Byrareddy
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Nagalingam Mohandoss
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Swati Sahay
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Bibek R Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
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Shome R, Kalleshamurthy T, Shankaranarayana PB, Giribattanvar P, Chandrashekar N, Mohandoss N, Shome BR, Kumar A, Barbuddhe SB, Rahman H. Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis among veterinary health care professionals. Pathog Glob Health 2017; 111:234-239. [PMID: 28689480 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2017.1345366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The study describes prevalence, clinical symptoms and risk factors for brucellosis in personnel engaged in veterinary health care in Karnataka, India. A total of 1050 sera samples were collected from animal handlers, veterinarians, veterinary students, para-veterinarians and persons engaged in artificial insemination of animals. The sera samples were tested for brucellosis by Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), serum agglutination test (SAT), IgG and IgM indirect ELISA and PCR. Age, sex, clinical symptoms and risk factors were recorded in structured questionnaire. Of the 1050 samples tested, 6.76, 6.38, 3.90, 2.67 and 2.0% were positive by IgG ELISA, RBPT, SAT, IgM ELISA and PCR, respectively and overall prevalence recorded was 7.04%. The prominent clinical symptoms observed were intermittent fever (71.62%) followed by joint pain and body aches. A high degree of suspicion, awareness and multimodal diagnostic approach is suggested for early diagnosis, treatment and disease follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Shome
- a ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics , Bengaluru , India
| | - Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- a ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics , Bengaluru , India
| | | | - Prashanth Giribattanvar
- a ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics , Bengaluru , India
| | - Nagarathna Chandrashekar
- b Department of Neuromicrobiology , National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences , Bengaluru , India
| | - Nagalingam Mohandoss
- a ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics , Bengaluru , India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- a ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics , Bengaluru , India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- c Division of Animal Sciences , Indian Council of Agricultural Research , New Delhi , India
| | | | - Habibur Rahman
- c Division of Animal Sciences , Indian Council of Agricultural Research , New Delhi , India
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Balamurugan V, Gangadhar NL, Mohandoss N, Thirumalesh SRA, Dhar M, Shome R, Krishnamoorthy P, Prabhudas K, Rahman H. Characterization of leptospira isolates from animals and humans: phylogenetic analysis identifies the prevalence of intermediate species in India. Springerplus 2013; 2:362. [PMID: 23961424 PMCID: PMC3736078 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 191 culture isolates were recovered from suspected samples of animals and humans in Ellinghausen McCullough Johnson and Harris (EMJH) medium and assessed for its morphological features by dark field microscopy. Extracted DNA from individual culture was subjected to different PCR assays for identification and characterization of leptospira. Out of 99 positive leptospira cultures, 52 pathogenic leptospira isolates were characterized at species level by using partial RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences revealed that 30, 8, and 14 isolates belong to L. borgpetersenii / L. interrogans, L. kirschneri, and Leptospira intermediate species, respectively. Based on analysis of 99 leptospira isolates, the prevalent Leptospira species were L. borgpetersenii or L. interrogans (30.30%), L. kirschneri (8%) and Leptospira intermediate species (14.14%) in animals and humans. To the best of authors knowledge, this is the first study to use rpoB gene nucleotide sequence based phylogenetic analysis to identify/detect Leptospira intermediate species (L. wolffii) in animals and humans in India. Hence, the prevalence of this species will surely emphasize the importance of consideration of Leptospira intermediate species and formulate a way for further studies especially in understanding the newly emerging Leptospira in animals and humans and to combat the problem associated with the disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan
- Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance (PD_ADMAS), Hebbal, HA Farm Post, Bengaluru, 560 024 Karnataka India
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