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Nechita-Banda N, Krol M, van der Werf GR, Kaiser JW, Pandey S, Huijnen V, Clerbaux C, Coheur P, Deeter MN, Röckmann T. Monitoring emissions from the 2015 Indonesian fires using CO satellite data. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0307. [PMID: 30297466 PMCID: PMC6178426 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Southeast Asia, in particular Indonesia, has periodically struggled with intense fire events. These events convert substantial amounts of carbon stored as peat to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and significantly affect atmospheric composition on a regional to global scale. During the recent 2015 El Niño event, peat fires led to strong enhancements of carbon monoxide (CO), an air pollutant and well-known tracer for biomass burning. These enhancements were clearly observed from space by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instruments. We use these satellite observations to estimate CO fire emissions within an inverse modelling framework. We find that the derived CO emissions for each sub-region of Indonesia and Papua are substantially different from emission inventories, highlighting uncertainties in bottom-up estimates. CO fire emissions based on either MOPITT or IASI have a similar spatial pattern and evolution in time, and a 10% uncertainty based on a set of sensitivity tests we performed. Thus, CO satellite data have a high potential to complement existing operational fire emission estimates based on satellite observations of fire counts, fire radiative power and burned area, in better constraining fire occurrence and the associated conversion of peat carbon to atmospheric CO2 A total carbon release to the atmosphere of 0.35-0.60 Pg C can be estimated based on our results.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcisa Nechita-Banda
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), University of Utrecht, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Krol
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), University of Utrecht, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Meteorology and Air Quality (MAQ), Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.,SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes W Kaiser
- Air Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sudhanshu Pandey
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Huijnen
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), 3731 GA De Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy Clerbaux
- LATMOS/IPSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 75252 Paris, France.,Spectroscopie de l'Atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Coheur
- Spectroscopie de l'Atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Merritt N Deeter
- National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Thomas Röckmann
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), University of Utrecht, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Pandey S, Houweling S, Krol M, Aben I, Monteil G, Nechita-Banda N, Dlugokencky EJ, Detmers R, Hasekamp O, Xu X, Riley WJ, Poulter B, Zhang Z, McDonald KC, White JWC, Bousquet P, Röckmann T. Enhanced methane emissions from tropical wetlands during the 2011 La Niña. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45759. [PMID: 28393869 PMCID: PMC5385533 DOI: 10.1038/srep45759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Year-to-year variations in the atmospheric methane (CH4) growth rate show significant correlation with climatic drivers. The second half of 2010 and the first half of 2011 experienced the strongest La Niña since the early 1980s, when global surface networks started monitoring atmospheric CH4 mole fractions. We use these surface measurements, retrievals of column-averaged CH4 mole fractions from GOSAT, new wetland inundation estimates, and atmospheric δ13C-CH4 measurements to estimate the impact of this strong La Niña on the global atmospheric CH4 budget. By performing atmospheric inversions, we find evidence of an increase in tropical CH4 emissions of ∼6–9 TgCH4 yr−1 during this event. Stable isotope data suggest that biogenic sources are the cause of this emission increase. We find a simultaneous expansion of wetland area, driven by the excess precipitation over the Tropical continents during the La Niña. Two process-based wetland models predict increases in wetland area consistent with observationally-constrained values, but substantially smaller per-area CH4 emissions, highlighting the need for improvements in such models. Overall, tropical wetland emissions during the strong La Niña were at least by 5% larger than the long-term mean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Pandey
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,SRON Netherlands institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Houweling
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,SRON Netherlands institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Krol
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,SRON Netherlands institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Meteorology and Air Quality (MAQ), Wageningen University and Research Centre, WageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ilse Aben
- SRON Netherlands institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Monteil
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Rob Detmers
- SRON Netherlands institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Otto Hasekamp
- SRON Netherlands institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.,CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Beijing, China
| | - William J Riley
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Institute on Ecosystems and Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kyle C McDonald
- City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Philippe Bousquet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climatet de l'Environnement (LSCE), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Röckmann
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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