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Reddy NG, Venkatesh R, Jayadev C, Agrawal S, Yadav NK, Chhablani J. DIRECT LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION TO THE DILATED RIGHT-ANGLED VESSEL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PROLIFERATIVE TYPE 2 MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2023; 17:620-624. [PMID: 35380183 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of proliferative Type 2 macular telangiectasia treated successfully with direct laser photocoagulation to the right-angled vessel. METHODS Descriptive case report. CASE DESCRIPTION A 61-year-old man, with no past medical history, was diagnosed and treated previously elsewhere for bilateral proliferative Type 2 macular telangiectasia. He complained of recent onset decrease in vision in his right eye for last 2 months. Right eye visual acuity was counting fingers at 3 m and left eye was 6/18. Fundus examination showed proliferative Type 2 macular telangiectasia in both eyes with active neovascular complex in the right eye. Direct thermal laser photocoagulation to the tips of the right-angled vessels with single-spot PASCAL Synthesis (Topcon Medical Laser System) at 532 nm wavelength was done. After laser, reduction in the hyporeflective space height was noted on optical coherence tomography. No additional intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections were required. At the last 6-months follow-up visit, visual acuity improved to 6/36, N18 in the right eye. CONCLUSION Direct laser photocoagulation to the right-angled vessel can be considered as possible treatment option for proliferative Type 2 macular telangiectasia, especially in patients nonresponsive to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. However, long-term follow-ups are required to see whether it is possible to maintain the efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitha G Reddy
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, India; and
| | - Ramesh Venkatesh
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, India; and
| | - Chaitra Jayadev
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, India; and
| | - Sameeksha Agrawal
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, India; and
| | - Naresh K Yadav
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, India; and
| | - Jay Chhablani
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Medical Retina and Vitreoretinal Surgery, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania
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Venkatesh R, Sharief S, Thadani A, Ratra D, Mohan S, Narayanan R, Narula R, Asad Y, Roy R, Jayadev C, Yadav NK. Recommendations for management of peripheral retinal degenerations. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:3681-3686. [PMID: 36190072 PMCID: PMC9789835 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_689_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Some degenerations involving the peripheral retina can result in a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Currently, there are no clear guidelines for retinal screening and/or management of these peripheral retinal degenerations in patients with or without recent onset posterior vitreous detachment or in those prior to refractive surgery or intraocular procedures. This article aims to provide a set of recommendations for the screening and management of peripheral retinal degenerations based on a common consensus obtained from an expert panel of retinal specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Venkatesh
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,Correspondence to: Dr. Ramesh Venkatesh, Narayana Nethralaya, Department of Retina and Vitreous, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru – 560 010, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
| | - Shama Sharief
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Atul Thadani
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhanashree Ratra
- Department of Vitreoretinal Diseases, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sashwanthi Mohan
- Department of Vitreoretinal Diseases, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Narayanan
- Department of Vitreoretinal Diseases, Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ritesh Narula
- Department of Vitreoretinal Diseases, Centre for Sight, New Delhi, India
| | - Yusra Asad
- Department of Vitreoretinal Diseases, Centre for Sight, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupak Roy
- Department of Vitreoretinal Diseases, Sankara Nethralaya, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chaitra Jayadev
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naresh K. Yadav
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Venkatesh R, Reddy NG, Jayadev C, Bhatt A, Agrawal R, Yadav NK. Utility of multimodal ocular imaging in tuberous sclerosis complex-Review of literature along with a case illustration. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:2720-2724. [PMID: 35791221 PMCID: PMC9426122 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2920_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Venkatesh
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikitha G Reddy
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitra Jayadev
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhishek Bhatt
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Agrawal
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naresh K Yadav
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Yadav NK, Pokharel DR, Kathayat G, Sigdel M, Hussain I. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Potential of Liver Aminotransferases and Alkaline Phosphatase in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:7-11. [PMID: 36273283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Early diagnosis with the best diagnostic marker is highly desired for the prevention and timely treatment of CVDs. However, there is still a dearth of an ideal marker for the detection of CVDs. Objective To explore the diagnostic potential of liver aminotransferases (AST and ALT), and alkaline phosphatase for the diagnosis of CVDs without liver involvement. Method This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 200 adult patients with CVDs, who visited the cardiology and emergency units of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. The study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2020. The baseline data on family history, anthropometry, baseline biochemical parameters, liver enzymes, and cardiac biomarkers were collected using standard and validated methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and MedCalc software 2021. Result The diagnostic sensitivity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were 53.7%, 52.6%, and 33.7% and specificity were 99%, 90%, and 90% respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of AST, ALT, and ALP were 0.78, 0.73, and 0.52 respectively. ROC curve indicated that serum AST and ALT activity was a better reliable marker than the serum ALP activities. Conclusion Our study suggests that serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase but not alkaline phosphatase could have some diagnostic potential to diagnose the risk of CVDs. However, they could not replace the currently adopted cardiac biomarkers such as cTnI and CK-MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Yadav
- School of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. and Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal
| | - D R Pokharel
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal
| | - G Kathayat
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal
| | - M Sigdel
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal
| | - I Hussain
- School of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kathayat G, Pokharel DR, Yadav NK, Manoj S. Association of Anthropometric Parameters with Lipid Profile among Adult Population of Kaski District, Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:429-435. [PMID: 36259184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Anthropometric parameters of individuals are good at predicting functional impairment, mortality, and future cardiometabolic diseases. The relationship between anthropometric parameters and lipid profiles have been studied in different parts of the world. But to date, no such studies have been conducted in Nepal. Objective To investigate the association between anthropometric parameters and lipid profile in the adult population of Kaski district, Nepal. Method This study was carried out at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal. The fasting lipid profiles were analyzed in a total of 400 subjects aged > 18 years with an automated OCD Vitros 350 dry chemistry analyzer. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of the data. The mean values of fasting lipids were compared within the subjects with different body mass index groups using ANOVA and waist circumference, waist-hip ratios, waist-height ratios, and neck circumference using independent samples t-test. The anthropometric indices evaluated were body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, head circumference, neck circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference. Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis were performed to identify the association between the lipid profile and anthropometric parameters. The difference was considered statistically significant when p values (two-tailed) were < 0.050. Result The mean values of the serum lipid parameters other than high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were found to be higher in the subjects with an above than normal BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, and neck circumference. Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis showed that waistheight ratio best predicts serum triglycerides (β=0.622, p < 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β=-0.711, p < 0.001) among all measured anthropometric parameters. Conclusion Among all the studied anthropometric parameters, the WHtR was found to be the most powerful predictor of serum triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kathayat
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - D R Pokharel
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - N K Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - S Manoj
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
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Venkatesh R, Yadav NK, Jain N, Sinha S, Mehta R. PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC CLOSURE OF A PERSISTING TRAUMATIC MACULAR HOLE WITH INTRAOCULAR STEROIDS. Retin Cases Brief Rep 2021; 15:359-361. [PMID: 30045153 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of successful closure of traumatic macular hole after treatment with intraocular steroids in a nonvitrectomized eye. METHODS Retrospective observational case report. CASE DESCRIPTION A 34-year-old man developed a full-thickness macular hole and submacular bleed after injury with firecracker in the left eye. Visual acuity in the left eye was counting fingers close to face. Intraocular gas, 0.3 cc of 100% SF6, was injected for displacement of submacular bleed. At 2 months after presentation, macular hole persisted with signs of intraocular inflammation. A trial of intraocular triamcinolone injection (2 mg in 0.05 ml) was given, which resulted in complete closure of macular hole and improvement in visual acuity to 6/36 and thereby avoiding the need for ocular surgery. CONCLUSION Ocular steroids could play an important role in successful closure of persisting macular holes in a setting of blunt trauma, especially in a background of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Venkatesh
- Department of Retina & Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Benguluru, India
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Priya BV, Gupta I, Poornachandra B, Jayadev C, Pereira A, Mohapatra A, Krishna SG, Yadav NK. Morphological features of focal choroidal excavation and its association with macular pathology in Asian Indian eyes. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:886-889. [PMID: 33727453 PMCID: PMC8012939 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_569_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the characteristics of focal choroidal excavation (FCE) in Indian eyes based on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings and their association with macular pathologies. Methods Retrospective study of 26 patients diagnosed with FCE. All patients' clinical and imaging data were reviewed. Results There were eight females and 18 males aged between 24 and 85 years. FCE was noted in 31 eyes of 26 patients - unilateral in 21 and bilateral in 5. The conforming type was noted in 13 and nonconforming in 19 eyes. The location was extrafoveal in 16 and subfoveal in 15 eyes. The morphology was bowl-shaped in 24, cone-shaped in six eyes, and mixed type in one eye. Associated pathologies were central serous chorioretinopathy in nine eyes, choroidal neovascular membrane in seven eyes, Stargardt's disease in three eyes, Best disease in four eyes, other retinal dystrophies in two eyes, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, each in one eye. The mean FCE width was 1667.2 ± 817.7 μ, mean depth was 95.7 ± 46.4 μ, and the mean choroidal thickness under the FCE was 234.8 ± 85.9 μ. No abnormal choroidal tissue was found under any FCE. Conclusion FCE is a relatively common entity and frequently associated with macular pathologies. The presence of an FCE did not alter the course or management of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Priya
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ishank Gupta
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B Poornachandra
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitra Jayadev
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arpitha Pereira
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ayushi Mohapatra
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh G Krishna
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naresh K Yadav
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Venkatesh R, Pereira A, Thomas S, Sangai S, Jain K, Singh V, Reddy NG, Yadav NK. Subretinal drusenoid deposits versus drusen on multicolor imaging. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 68:1450-1451. [PMID: 32587190 PMCID: PMC7574058 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1900_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Venkatesh
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arpitha Pereira
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sherina Thomas
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sajjan Sangai
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kushagra Jain
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Singh
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikhita G Reddy
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naresh K Yadav
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Venkatesh R, Pereira A, Thomas S, Sangai S, Jain K, Singh V, Reddy NG, Yadav NK. Response to comments on: Subretinal drusenoid deposits versus drusen on multicolor imaging. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:185-186. [PMID: 33323633 PMCID: PMC7926157 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2653_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Venkatesh
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arpitha Pereira
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sherina Thomas
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sajjan Sangai
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kushagra Jain
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Singh
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikhita G Reddy
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naresh K Yadav
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Poornachandra B, James E, Aseem A, Jayadev C, Sanjay S, Ashwini KT, Gadde SGK, Yadav NK. Multimodal imaging of an idiopathic florid vascularised epiretinal membrane: Course, treatment, and outcome. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:2302-2304. [PMID: 32971702 PMCID: PMC7727958 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2363_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic vascular epiretinal membrane is an extremely rare entity and the pathogenesis and clinical course is not clearly understood. A 53-year-old hypertensive female patient presented with complaints of altered vision in the right eye. On examination, her vision was 20/30 and fundoscopy showed a vascularized epiretinal membrane (ERM), which was confirmed on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. No primary cause was found after investigations. The symptoms and ERM showed slow progression over the next three years with a visual acuity of 20/60. She underwent surgery for removal of the ERM, which was subjected to histopathological evaluation. This is a unique case of a florid proliferative vascularisation of an ERM in the absence of any identifiable cause, which had a good visual outcome following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Poornachandra
- Department of Vitreo- Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Edwin James
- Department of Vitreo- Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditya Aseem
- Department of Vitreo- Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitra Jayadev
- Department of Vitreo- Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivasan Sanjay
- Department of Vitreo- Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K T Ashwini
- Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh G K Gadde
- Department of Vitreo- Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naresh K Yadav
- Department of Vitreo- Retina, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Mehta RA, Akkali MC, Jayadev C, Anuj A, Yadav NK. Morphometric analysis of retinal arterioles in control and hypertensive population using adaptive optics imaging. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 67:1673-1677. [PMID: 31546506 PMCID: PMC6786142 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_253_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To measure the wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) and the vascular wall cross-sectional area (WCSA) of retinal arterioles by an Adaptive Optics (AO) retinal camera using semi-automated software and comparing them between control and hypertensive population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study including a hypertensive group and a control group. Subjects were examined and their medical history recorded. Retinal arteriolar morphometry was assessed by rtx1 AO retinal camera using AOdetect Artery semiautomated software. Main Outcome Measures: WLR and WCSA were measured on the basis of retinal arteriolar wall thickness (W1, W2), lumen diameter (LD) and vessel diameter (VD). Influence of age and arterial hypertension on the WLR and WCSA were examined. Results: A total of 150 human subjects were included out of which 110 were controls and 40 were hypertensives under treatment. There was statistically significant difference in the age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures between the control and hypertensive groups (P < 0.01). We found no significant correlation between age and WLR (R2 = 0.049, P > 0.05) or age and WCSA (R2 = 0.045, P > 0.05). We observed a significant difference in WLR and WCSA measurements between control and hypertensive groups (P < 0.01). On measuring intra-observer variability (IOV) we found excellent consistency. Conclusion: AO retinal imaging allows a direct measurement of the retinal vessel wall and LD with excellent IOV. WLR and WCSA reflect the remodelling process and can be used to further aid the early detection and monitoring of systemic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchir A Mehta
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mukund C Akkali
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitra Jayadev
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aishwarya Anuj
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naresh K Yadav
- Department of Vitreoretina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Venkatesh R, Yadav NK, Sinha S, Mehta R, Akkali MC. Structural-functional correlation using adaptive optics, visual fields, optical coherence tomography and multifocal electroretinogram in a case of torpedo maculopathy. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 67:1502-1505. [PMID: 31436216 PMCID: PMC6727704 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2044_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 37-year-old gentleman with a rare diagnosis of Torpedo maculopathy (TM). We describe the multimodal imaging features of torpedo maculopathy using adaptive optics, visual fields, OCT and multifocal ERG, and understand the clinical and structural-functional correlation in TM. According to us, this is the first case report to describe the adaptive optics imaging findings in Torpedo maculopathy in English Medical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Venkatesh
- Department of Retina-Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Benguluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naresh K Yadav
- Department of Retina-Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Benguluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivani Sinha
- Department of Retina-Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Benguluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruchir Mehta
- Department of Retina-Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Benguluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mukunda C Akkali
- Department of Retina-Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Benguluru, Karnataka, India
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Verma A, Alagorie AR, Ramasamy K, van Hemert J, Yadav NK, Pappuru RR, Tufail A, Nittala MG, Sadda SR, Raman R. Distribution of peripheral lesions identified by mydriatic ultra-wide field fundus imaging in diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 258:725-733. [PMID: 31989286 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the distribution of diabetic retinopathy (DR) lesions in an Indian population using ultra-wide field (UWF) fundus imaging. METHODS Seven hundred fifteen subjects (1406 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy in India were enrolled in this multicenter, prospective, observational study using UWF pseudocolor imaging with Optos Daytona Plus (Optos plc, Dunfermline, Scotland, UK). Images were transmitted to Doheny Image Reading Center, Los Angeles, CA, for grading. The ETDRS grid was overlaid on stereographic projections of UWF images, and images were graded independently by 2 masked graders. Lesion distribution was graded as predominantly central (PCL) or predominantly peripheral (PPL) according to previous criteria, considering both lesion number and area. An image was graded as PPL if > 50% of the lesion area was seen in at least one peripheral field as compared with the corresponding ETDRS field. Diabetic retinopathy severity was also assessed based on the International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy (ICDR) grading scale. The main outcome measures were lesion distribution (PPL versus PCL): overall and within specific fields in eyes with various grades of DR. RESULTS Lesion distribution was rated to be PPL in 37% of eyes and PCL in 63% of eyes (P < 0.003). The frequency of a PPL distribution varied significantly across all ICDR severity levels, with frequencies of mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR) (30.9%), moderate NPDR (40.3%), severe NPDR (38.5%) and PDR (34.9%), P = 0.005. When assessing which individual fields were rated to show a PPL distribution, the frequency was greatest in field 4 and least in field 7. For any grade of DR, temporal fields showed the greatest PPL frequency, followed in order by the superior, inferior, and nasal fields (P < 0.001). Only 3.5% of eyes showed PPL distribution in all five peripheral fields. CONCLUSIONS One-third of the UWF images showed a PPL distribution in this cohort with the temporal quadrant having the widest distribution of PPL. As the PPL distribution varied significantly between various grades of DR, UWF imaging may prove to be important for screening of referral warranted retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Verma
- Doheny Image Reading Center, Doheny Eye Institute, 1350 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College road, Chennai, India
| | - Ahmed Roshdy Alagorie
- Doheny Image Reading Center, Doheny Eye Institute, 1350 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Kim Ramasamy
- Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - N K Yadav
- Narayana Nethralaya, Chord Road, 1st 'R' Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, 560010, India
| | - Rajeev R Pappuru
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Vitreoretina Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Muneesawar Gupta Nittala
- Doheny Image Reading Center, Doheny Eye Institute, 1350 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - SriniVas R Sadda
- Doheny Image Reading Center, Doheny Eye Institute, 1350 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rajiv Raman
- Sankara Nethralaya, 18, College road, Chennai, India. .,Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, College Road 18, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600006, India.
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Yadav NK, Romijn LB, ten Thije Boonkkamp JHM, IJzerman WL. A least-squares method for the design of two-reflector optical systems. J Phys Photonics 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ab2db3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present a method for the design of two-reflector optical systems that transfer a given energy density of the source to a desired energy density at the target. It is known that the two-reflector design problem gives rise to a Monge–Ampère (MA) equation with transport boundary condition. We solve this boundary value problem using a recently developed least-squares algorithm (Prins et al 2015 J. Sci. Comput.
37 B937–61). It is one of the few numerical algorithms capable to solve these type of problems efficiently. The least-squares algorithm can provide two solutions of the MA problem, one is concave and the other one is convex. The reflectors are validated for several numerical examples by a ray-tracer based on Monte-Carlo simulation.
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Abstract
We describe the multicolor imaging findings in two cases of Torpedo maculopathy (TM). Multicolor imaging can be a useful tool in identifying the level of retinal and choroidal layer involvement in TM. This imaging modality further confirms the hypothesis that TM is a localized congenital abnormality of retinal pigment epithelium pigmentation which leads to outer retinal and inner choroidal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Venkatesh
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, Chord Road, 1st R Block Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bharathi Bavaharan
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, Chord Road, 1st R Block Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naresh K Yadav
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, Chord Road, 1st R Block Rajaji Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Lim RR, Vaidya T, Gadde SG, Yadav NK, Sethu S, Hainsworth DP, Mohan RR, Ghosh A, Chaurasia SS. Correlation between systemic S100A8 and S100A9 levels and severity of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1581-1589. [PMID: 31336525 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS S100A8 and S100A9 are myeloid-related damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) primarily involved in the modulation of innate immune response to cellular injury. This study evaluated the correlation between circulating concentrations of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins with the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS T2DM patients with HbA1c levels >7%, fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dl and history of diabetes were included in this study. DR severity was graded based on ETDRS and Gloucestershire classifications. Plasma samples were evaluated for S100A8 and S100A9 levels using ELISA. RESULTS In this comparative study, DR patients (n = 89) had increased plasma S100A8 and S100A9 proteins compared to age-matched T2DM controls (n = 28), which was directly related to the severity of DR. Female DR subjects had increased S100A8 expression compared to their male counterparts. Substantial retention of S100A8 and S100A9 production was seen in DR patients above 50 years of age. Duration of T2DM was not found to affect protein levels, however T2DM onset at >50 years old significantly increased S100A8 and S100A9 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that systemic circulation levels of S100A8 and S100A9 are correlated with the progression of DR in T2DM patients, indicating their potential role in DR pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayne R Lim
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Tanuja Vaidya
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Santosh G Gadde
- Vitreoretina Department, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Naresh K Yadav
- Vitreoretina Department, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethu
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, 560099, India
| | - Dean P Hainsworth
- Vitreoretinal Service, Ophthalmology, Mason Eye Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, 560099, India.
| | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veteran Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
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Venkatesh R, Yadav NK, Bavaharan B, Prabhu V, Sinha S. Multimodal imaging in perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex with co-existent diabetic retinopathy. Clin Exp Optom 2019; 102:528-532. [PMID: 30620998 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Venkatesh
- Deptartment of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Benguluru, India
| | - Naresh K Yadav
- Deptartment of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Benguluru, India
| | - Bharathi Bavaharan
- Deptartment of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Benguluru, India
| | - Vishma Prabhu
- Deptartment of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Benguluru, India
| | - Shivani Sinha
- Deptartment of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Benguluru, India
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Anegondi N, Chidambara L, Bhanushali D, Gadde SGK, Yadav NK, Sinha Roy A. An automated framework to quantify areas of regional ischemia in retinal vascular diseases with OCT angiography. J Biophotonics 2018; 11:e201600312. [PMID: 28700136 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this observational and cross-sectional study, capillary nonperfusion (CNP) and vascular changes in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO, sample size [n] = 26) and choroidal neovascularization (CNV, n = 29) were evaluated. Subjects underwent imaging using Optical coherence tomography angiography (Angiovue OCTA, RTVue XR, Optovue Inc., Fremont, California). Local fractal analysis was applied to the OCTA images of superficial, deep and choriocapillaris layer. CNP area (BRVO eyes) and vascular parameters were computed using local fractal-based method. Sensitivity and specificity of vascular parameters were assessed with receiver operating characteristics curve. Automated CNP area showed excellent agreement with manually quantified CNP areas in both superficial (intraclass coefficient [ICC] = 0.96) and deep (ICC = 0.96) layers. BRVO eyes showed significantly altered (P < .05) vascular parameters in both superficial and deep layer as compared to normal eyes (n = 30). CNVM eyes had significantly higher capillary free zones (P < .001) as compared to normal eyes. In normal vs BRVO eyes, vessel density and spacing between the large vessels had similar area under the curve (AUC) (P > .05) in both superficial (0.97 and 0.97, respectively) and deep layer (0.99 and 0.98, respectively). Further, capillary free zones showed high AUC (0.92) in differentiating CNV eyes from normal eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Anegondi
- Imaging, Biomechanics and Mathematical Modeling Solutions, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | - Naresh K Yadav
- Retina Department, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
| | - Abhijit Sinha Roy
- Imaging, Biomechanics and Mathematical Modeling Solutions, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
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Dabir S, Mangalesh S, Schouten JSAG, Berendschot TTJM, Kurian MK, Kumar AK, Yadav NK, Shetty R. Axial length and cone density as assessed with adaptive optics in myopia. Indian J Ophthalmol 2016; 63:423-6. [PMID: 26139804 PMCID: PMC4501139 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.159876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the variations in cone mosaic in myopia and its correlation with axial length (AL). Subjects and Methods: Twenty-five healthy myopic volunteers underwent assessment of photoreceptors using adaptive optics retinal camera at 2° and 3° from the foveal center in four quadrants superior, inferior, temporal and nasal. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17 (IBM). Multivariable regression analysis was conducted to study the relation between cone density and AL, quadrant around the fovea and eccentricity from the fovea. Results: The mean cone density was significantly lower as the eccentricity increased from 2° from the fovea to 3° (18,560 ± 5455–16,404 ± 4494/mm2 respectively). There was also a statistically significant difference between four quadrants around the fovea. The correlation of cone density and spacing with AL showed that there was a significant inverse relation of AL with the cone density. Conclusion: In myopic patients with good visual acuity cone density around the fovea depends on the quadrant, distance from the fovea as well as the AL. The strength of the relation of AL with cone density depends on the quadrant and distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Dabir
- Department of Retina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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20
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Kemmanu V, Rathod P, Anaspure H, Yadav NK. Unilateral anterior persistent fetal vasculature in a child with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome: A surgical challenge. Indian J Ophthalmol 2016; 64:469-71. [PMID: 27488160 PMCID: PMC4991184 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.187681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease. It is clinically characterized by four major features; blepharophimosis, ptosis, epicanthus inversus, and telecanthus. We report a case of a 1-year-old female with BPES with unilateral anterior persistent fetal vasculature (PFV). On examination, she was found to have all the clinical features of BPES, along with calcified and partially absorbed cataract with elongated ciliary processes in her left eye. B-scan of left eye showed attached retina with no evidence of posterior PFV. Systemic examination was normal. She underwent cataract surgery with primary posterior capsulotomy with intraocular lens implantation under general anesthesia. Literature search did not reveal any previous reports of unilateral anterior PFV and BPES. The clinical features, other associations, and the difficulties in the surgical management of this condition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Kemmanu
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Narayana Nethralaya, Super Specialty Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pragnya Rathod
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hemant Anaspure
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naresh K Yadav
- Department of Vitreo Retina Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Nagpal BN, Ghosh SK, Eapen A, Srivastava A, Sharma MC, Singh VP, Parashar BD, Prakash S, Mendki MJ, Tikar SN, Saxena R, Gupta S, Tiwari SN, Ojha VP, Ravindran KJ, Ganesan K, Rao AN, Sharma RS, Tuli NR, Yadav NK, Vijayaraghavan R, Dua VK, Dash AP, Kaushik MP, Joshi PL, Valecha N. Control of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, the vectors of dengue and chikungunya, by using pheromone C21 with an insect growth regulator: Results of multicentric trials from 2007-12 in India. J Vector Borne Dis 2015; 52:224-231. [PMID: 26418653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Aedes mosquito control has gained much importance nowadays in view of rise in number of reported cases of dengue and chikungunya in India and other countries. In the present study, C21 attracticide (containing a pheromone and an insect growth regulator—IGR, developed by Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, India was tested for its feasibility for surveillance and control of Aedes mosquito in a multicentric mode from October 2007 to June 2012 in urban (Delhi, and Bengaluru district, Karnataka) and suburban (Alappuzha district, Kerala) settings of the country in three phases. METHODS Across the randomly selected households in each study area, two to four containers treated with attracticide (experimental) and untreated (control) were placed and monitored by trained surveillance workers on weekly/ fortnightly basis for determining the presence of eggs, larvae and pupae. Container positivity, percent larvae, egg and pupae collected were determined during different phases and analyzed statistically using SPSS 18.0. RESULTS Container positivity was found statistically significant at Bengaluru and Alappuzha, Kerala while in Delhi, it was found non-significant. Eggs collected from experimental containers were significantly higher in comparison to control at all the locations except Delhi. Also larvae collected from control containers were significantly higher at all the locations except Bengaluru. Pupae collected from control containers remained significantly higher at all the locations as no pupal formation was recorded from experimental containers. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The use of C21 attracticide hampered pupal formation, thus inhibiting adult population in the study areas. The study established that C21 attracticide was efficacious in the field conditions and has potential for use in surveillance and management of dengue and chikungunya mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rekha Saxena
- National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
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Vikram K, Nagpal BN, Pande V, Srivastava A, Saxena R, Singh H, Gupta SK, Tuli NR, Yadav NK, Olivier T, Richard P, Valecha N. Detection of dengue virus in individual Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Delhi, India. J Vector Borne Dis 2015; 52:129-133. [PMID: 26119544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Delhi, the capital city of India, has so far witnessed several outbreaks of dengue fever since 1967 (last one reported in 2013). Improved virological and entomological surveillance are the only tools that can help in prevention of dengue as well as in the development of dengue control programmes. The aim of the study was to conduct a prospective field study to detect dengue virus in adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected from various localities represented by different socioeconomic groups in Delhi. METHODS The study areas were selected and categorized into high, medium and low income groups on the basis of socioeconomical characteristics of the resident population, where dengue cases were reported during the past three years by MCD. Dengue viral infection was detected in the head squash of each adult mosquito by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) employing monoclonal antibodies against dengue virus (DENV). A total of 2408 females and 1206 males of Ae. aegypti were collected and tested by IFA. RESULTS Out of 2408 Ae. aegypti females, 14 were found positive, with minimum infection rate (MIR) of 5.8 per 1000 mosquitoes. Among the 18 study areas, 11 localities were found positive for dengue virus infection. Low income group (LIG) areas showed highest mosquito infectivity (9.8), followed by medium income group (MIG), i.e. 6.2; while least was observed in high income group (HIG), i.e. 1.3. No vertical transmission of dengue virus could be detected in 1206 Ae. aegypti males collected. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION The study concludes that there was high MIR in the identified localities of low and medium income groups. Estimation of MIR in a female Aedes mosquito in the existing arsenals for dengue surveillance would be an added advantage for early warning of dengue outbreak. The presence of infected mosquitoes in identified localities of Delhi was alarming and require rigorous vector surveillance so that the severe outbreaks can be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B N Nagpal
- National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
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Omer A, Singh P, Yadav NK, Singh RK. An overview of data mining algorithms in drug induced toxicity prediction. Mini Rev Med Chem 2014; 14:345-54. [PMID: 24552264 DOI: 10.2174/1389557514666140219110244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The growth in chemical diversity has increased the need to adjudicate the toxicity of different chemical compounds raising the burden on the demand of animal testing. The toxicity evaluation requires time consuming and expensive undertaking, leading to the deprivation of the methods employed for screening chemicals pointing towards the need to develop more efficient toxicity assessment systems. Computational approaches have reduced the time as well as the cost for evaluating the toxicity and kinetic behavior of any chemical. The accessibility of a large amount of data and the intense need of turning this data into useful information have attracted the attention towards data mining. Machine Learning, one of the powerful data mining techniques has evolved as the most effective and potent tool for exploring new insights on combinatorial relationships among various experimental data generated. The article accounts on some sophisticated machine learning algorithms like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-mean clustering and Self Organizing Maps (SOM) with some of the available tools used for classification, sorting and toxicological evaluation of data, clarifying, how data mining and machine learning interact cooperatively to facilitate knowledge discovery. Addressing the association of some commonly used expert systems, we briefly outline some real world applications to consider the crucial role of data set partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R K Singh
- Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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Thanpari C, Shrewastwa MK, Takhelmayum R, Yadav NK, Thapa P, Mittal RK. Liver dysfunction in alcoholics in Western Nepal. Mymensingh Med J 2014; 23:361-365. [PMID: 24858167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To estimate liver function tests in patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis and to compare the levels of enzymes between the groups. A hospital based case control study was carried out at Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepal from January 2013 to June 2013. A total of 150 alcoholic associated liver disorders patients aged between 20-70 years and 50 sex age matched normal healthy controls were taken to assess liver function tests (LFTs) by measuring Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) & Albumin. The mean±SD of liver function tests (LFTs) of patients of alcoholic fatty liver disease is highest followed by alcoholic hepatitis patients. All the 3 groups of alcoholic associated liver disorders patients when compared to normal healthy control subjects showed statistically significant increase in the levels of AST (p<0.000), ALT (p<0.000), ALP (p<0.006), GGT (p<0.000), & Albumin (p<0.000). Liver function tests values for alcoholic associated liver disorders patients when compared to the healthy control subjects was significantly altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thanpari
- Miss Chhunthang Thanpari, Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Nepalgunj Medical College, Chisapani, Banke, Nepal
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Yadav NK, Vasudha K, Gupta K, Shetty KB. Vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane secondary to treatment for juvenile Coats' disease. Eye (Lond) 2012; 27:278-80. [PMID: 23258308 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2012.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Kemmanu V, Nagappa S, Hegde K, Yadav NK, Shetty BK. Endothelial cell study in a case of Werner's syndrome undergoing phacoemulsification and Yettrium-Aluminum-Garnet laser capsulotomy. Indian J Ophthalmol 2012. [PMID: 23202403 PMCID: PMC3545141 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.103802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner's syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with multisystem manifestations of premature aging from the second decade of life. Cataract is one of the features of WS. Cataract surgery is complicated with postoperative wound dehiscence and bullous keratopathy when the surgery is done by intracapsular or conventional extracapsular method. We report the short-term result of phacoemulsification and Neodymimum Yettrium-Aluminum-Garnet laser (Nd YAG) capsulotomy in a case of WS with bilateral cataracts. Postoperatively and post capsulotomy, there was no change in the endothelial cell morphology. There was an 8.6% decrease in endothelial cell count at the end of 15 months postoperatively and 11 months post YAG capsulotomy. This decrease is within the acceptable range of cell loss after phacoemulsification and YAG capsulotomy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of YAG laser capsulotomy in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Kemmanu
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India
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Abstract
Scleral fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) is a safe and effective option for managing optical aphakia. Suture related complications like suture erosion, suture breakage, endophthalmitis, etc. are unique to SFIOL. The knots can be covered by partial thickness flaps or they can be rotated into scleral tissues without flaps to reduce the complications. We performed a recently described novel technique which obviates the need for knot and scleral flaps in securing the SFIOL. This novel 2-point Ab externo knotless technique may reduce the knot related problems. Twenty-three eyes undergoing this knotless SFIOL procedure were analyzed for intraoperative and postoperative complications. Twenty-two eyes either maintained or improved on their preoperative vision. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 24 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh K Yadav
- Department of Vitreo Retina, Narayana Nethralaya, Super Specialty Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Bangalore-560 010, India.
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Yadav NK, Thanpari C, Shrewastwa MK, Mittal RK. Comparison of lipid profile in type-2 obese diabetics and obese non-diabetic individuals. a hospital based study from Western Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2012; 10:44-47. [PMID: 23434961 DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type-2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and risk of coronary disease is three to four fold increased in patients with diabetes compared with non-diabetic population and 60-80% 0f type-2 diabetics are obese. METHODS This study was conducted in Nepalgunj Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal, between 1st March, 2011 and 28th February, 2012. A total of 150 samples were taken to assess the lipid profile in type-2 diabetic patients associated with obesity and 25 obese controls for their lipid profile. Venous blood samples were taken from all the subjects in the morning after fasting overnight. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, chronic infectious disease, heart failure; renal failure and drug allergy were confirmed from the subject's personal physician report and a detailed history. The data was analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. RESULTS The mean ± SD age of diabetic patients with obesity was 53.76± 6.23 while the mean ± SD age of control was 49.61 ± 4.8. Out of 150 patients 105 (70%) were males and 45 (30%) were females. Among control subjects 16 (64%) were males and 9 (36%) were females. Obese type-2 diabetic patients when compared to obese control subjects showed statistically significant increase in the levels of serum total cholesterol (p < 0.001), serum triglycerides (p < 0.001), serum LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001) while serum HDL-cholesterol levels did not show statistically significant difference in the two group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed obese diabetic individuals have dyslipidemia and more prone to develop cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal.
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Kemmanu V, Yadav NK, Rachna VK, Sathi Devi MS. Iris stromal cyst with cataract managed by cyst aspiration and diode laser photocoagulation in a child. Indian J Ophthalmol 2011; 59:333-4. [PMID: 21666333 PMCID: PMC3129774 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.82017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Dayal R, Senthilkumar P, Katoch VM, Chauhan DS, Yadav NK. Diagnostic value of real time PCR for neurotuberculosis. Indian Pediatr 2010; 47:631-632. [PMID: 20683119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Pai SA, Shetty R, Vijayan PB, Venkatasubramaniam G, Yadav NK, Shetty BK, Babu RB, Narayana KM. Clinical, anatomic, and electrophysiologic evaluation following intravitreal bevacizumab for macular edema in retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol 2007; 143:601-6. [PMID: 17306753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate clinical, anatomic, and electrophysiologic response after single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for macular edema attributable to retinal vein occlusion. DESIGN Prospective nonrandomized, interventional case series. METHODS Twenty-one patients with macular edema attributable to vein occlusion received intravitreal injection of bevacizumab 1.25 mg. Nine patients had central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), and 12 patients had branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Complete ophthalmic examination including optical coherence tomography (OCT) was done at baseline and follow-up visits. Fifteen patients underwent fluorescein angiography at baseline. Selected patients underwent electroretinography (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) at baseline and follow-up. Follow-up was for 12 weeks. RESULTS At baseline, mean visual acuity was 20/381 (median, 20/400) and showed improvement to mean 20/135 (median, 20/60) after one month, (P = .001). At 12 weeks, mean visual acuity was 20/178 (median, 20/80) (P = .001). The mean central retinal thickness (CRT) was 647.81 microm (median, 609.00 microm) at baseline and decreased to mean 293.43 microm (median, 222.00 microm) at one month (P = .001). At 12 weeks, mean CRT was 320.90 mum (median, 280.00 microm) (P = .001). ERG and VEP showed no worsening of the waveforms. There was no significant difference in the visual outcome between the BRVO and CRVO groups. CONCLUSION Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab appears to result in significant short-term improvement of visual acuity and macular edema secondary to vein occlusion. The present report confirms the previous studies. No ocular toxicity or adverse effects were observed. However, prospective, randomized, controlled long-term studies are required with an adequate number of patients.
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Pathak R, Yadav NK. Influence of cultural conditions on lipid production by mutant strain of Rhodotorula glutinis MTCC 1151. Indian J Exp Biol 1997; 35:366-8. [PMID: 9315236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mutant of Rhodotorula glutinis MTCC 1151 was found to produce high level of lipid (63.6% of biomass) as compared to parent strain (56.7% biomass). The lipid synthesizing capacity of mutant of R. glutinis was evaluated with different glucose concentrations, nitrogen sources, incubation time, and aeration-agitation. Maximum lipid yield (63.6% of biomass) was found with 5% glucose using ammonium sulfate (0.2%) as a nitrogen source under shake-flask conditions (50 ml broth in 250 ml conical flask at 125 rpm) after 4 days of incubation at 28 degrees C. The ability of ammonium sulfate to replace comparatively very costly yeast extract is highly appreciable.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pathak
- Department of Microbiology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Thaker P, Yadav NK. Lipid production by Candida Y-1. Indian J Exp Biol 1997; 35:313-4. [PMID: 9332180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ten oleaginous yeasts were isolated from sources like fruits, flowers, curd whey and soil samples. Lipid production varied from 24 to 71.2% of dry weight of cell biomass. Strain Y-1, which was isolated from curd whey, produced the highest amount of lipid. It was identified belonging to the genus Candida. The optimal cultural conditions for lipid production by Candida Y-1 were found to be glucose (5%) as carbon source, ammonium sulfate (1%) as nitrogen source, pH 4.5, and temperature 28 degrees C under shake-flask conditions (125 rpm).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thaker
- Department of Microbiology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
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Johnson VW, Singh M, Yadav NK. Influence of growth conditions on the accumulation of ergosterol by Rhodotorula glutinis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1994; 10:114-5. [PMID: 24420899 DOI: 10.1007/bf00357576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/21/1993] [Accepted: 06/30/1993] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Maximum accumulation of ergosterol by Rhodotorula glutinis IIP-30 [4% (w/w) of the biomass] was at pH 4 and 28 to 30°C, wich glucose or sucrose as carbon source and (NH4)2SO4 as N-source. Molasses only gave 1% (w/w) ergosterol content, as did KNO3 or urea when used as sole N source.
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Kumar M, Yadav NK, Nayak B. Isolated laevocardia with tetralogy of Fallot. J Indian Med Assoc 1985; 83:217-8, 224. [PMID: 4078347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Conditions for the laboratory-scale production of acetoin plus diacetyl by Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 27613 were studied. Thirty-five g acetoin plus diacetyl/50 g sucrose were obtained when fermentation was carried out in 2.5 liter medium containing 12.5 g peptone and 12.5 g yeast extract, at pH 7.0, in a 5 liter conical flask on a shaker (240 rpm) at 28-30 degrees C for 48 hr. Recovery of pure diacetyl was 85% of the total acetoin plus diacetyl.
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Yadav NK, Gupta KG. Interaction of acetoin precursors with pyruvate metabolism of Torulopsis colliculosa & Enterobacter cloacae. Indian J Exp Biol 1978; 16:585-8. [PMID: 570546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Yadav NK, Jain AK, Gupta KG. Effect of valine, leucine & isoleucine on acetoin plus diacetyl formation by bacteria & yeasts. Indian J Exp Biol 1977; 15:945-7. [PMID: 606660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Yadav NK, Gupta KG. Environmental conditions for acetoin production by yeast and bacterial strains. Indian J Exp Biol 1976; 14:469-71. [PMID: 11185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yadav NK, Gupta KG. Role of acetaldehyde in acetoin synthesis in yeasts & bacteria. Indian J Exp Biol 1976; 14:289-91. [PMID: 1033149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Yadav NK, Gupta KG. Effect of substrates on acetoin production by Torulopsis colliculosa and Enterobacter species. Appl Microbiol 1975; 30:889-92. [PMID: 1239980 PMCID: PMC376563 DOI: 10.1128/am.30.6.889-892.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Under optimal conditions, Torulopsis colliculosa NRRL 172 and Enterobacter B-87 (ATCC 27613) produced 50 to 500 mg of acetoin per g of substrate. Whereas cane molasses, gur, glucose, and sucrose were suitable substrates for acetoin production, lactose and mannitol supported very good growth but yielded little or no acetoin. Production of acetoin increased with increases in the concentration of glucose, yeast extract, and peptone. Combination of substrates and intermittent feeding of substrate failed to increase the yields.
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Yadav NK, Gupta KG. Acetoin & diacetyl production by yeasts. Indian J Exp Biol 1975; 13:586-8. [PMID: 1218936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gupta KG, Jain HK, Yadav NK. Sulphur formation from gypsum by microorganisms. Indian J Exp Biol 1971; 9:232-4. [PMID: 5092739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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