1
|
Meade N, Toreev HK, Chakrabarty RP, Hesser CR, Park C, Chandel NS, Walsh D. The poxvirus F17 protein counteracts mitochondrially orchestrated antiviral responses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7889. [PMID: 38036506 PMCID: PMC10689448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Poxviruses are unusual DNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. To do so, they encode approximately 100 immunomodulatory proteins that counteract cytosolic nucleic acid sensors such as cGAMP synthase (cGAS) along with several other antiviral response pathways. Yet most of these immunomodulators are expressed very early in infection while many are variable host range determinants, and significant gaps remain in our understanding of poxvirus sensing and evasion strategies. Here, we show that after infection is established, subsequent progression of the viral lifecycle is sensed through specific changes to mitochondria that coordinate distinct aspects of the antiviral response. Unlike other viruses that cause extensive mitochondrial damage, poxviruses sustain key mitochondrial functions including membrane potential and respiration while reducing reactive oxygen species that drive inflammation. However, poxvirus replication induces mitochondrial hyperfusion that independently controls the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to prime nucleic acid sensors and enables an increase in glycolysis that is necessary to support interferon stimulated gene (ISG) production. To counter this, the poxvirus F17 protein localizes to mitochondria and dysregulates mTOR to simultaneously destabilize cGAS and block increases in glycolysis. Our findings reveal how the poxvirus F17 protein disarms specific mitochondrially orchestrated responses to later stages of poxvirus replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Meade
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Helen K Toreev
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ram P Chakrabarty
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Charles R Hesser
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Chorong Park
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Derek Walsh
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malikov V, Meade N, Simons LM, Hultquist JF, Naghavi MH. FEZ1 phosphorylation regulates HSPA8 localization and interferon-stimulated gene expression. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110396. [PMID: 35172151 PMCID: PMC8900055 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 (FEZ1) is a multifunctional kinesin adaptor involved in processes ranging from neurodegeneration to retrovirus and polyomavirus infection. Here, we show that, although modulating FEZ1 expression also impacts infection by large DNA viruses in human microglia, macrophages, and fibroblasts, this broad antiviral phenotype is associated with the pre-induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in a STING-independent manner. We further reveal that S58, a key phosphorylation site in FEZ1's kinesin regulatory domain, controls both binding to, and the nuclear-cytoplasmic localization of, heat shock protein 8 (HSPA8), as well as ISG expression. FEZ1- and HSPA8-induced changes in ISG expression further involved changes in DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) accumulation in the nucleus. Moreover, phosphorylation of endogenous FEZ1 at S58 was reduced and HSPA8 and DNA-PK translocated to the nucleus in cells stimulated with DNA, suggesting that FEZ1 is a regulatory component of the recently identified HSPA8/DNA-PK innate immune pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav Malikov
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nathan Meade
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lacy M Simons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Judd F Hultquist
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mojgan H Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rollins MG, Shasmal M, Meade N, Astar H, Shen PS, Walsh D. Negative charge in the RACK1 loop broadens the translational capacity of the human ribosome. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109663. [PMID: 34496247 PMCID: PMC8451006 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the roles of initiation factors, RNA binding proteins, and RNA elements in regulating translation are well defined, how the ribosome functionally diversifies remains poorly understood. In their human hosts, poxviruses phosphorylate serine 278 (S278) at the tip of a loop domain in the small subunit ribosomal protein RACK1, thereby mimicking negatively charged residues in the RACK1 loops of dicot plants and protists to stimulate translation of transcripts with 5′ poly(A) leaders. However, how a negatively charged RACK1 loop affects ribosome structure and its broader translational output is not known. Here, we show that although ribotoxin-induced stress signaling and stalling on poly(A) sequences are unaffected, negative charge in the RACK1 loop alters the swivel motion of the 40S head domain in a manner similar to several internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), confers resistance to various protein synthesis inhibitors, and broadly supports noncanonical modes of translation. How ribosomes functionally diversify to selectively control translation is only beginning to be understood. Rollins et al. show that negative charge in a loop domain of the small subunit ribosomal protein RACK1 increases the swiveling motion of the 40S head and broadens the translational capacity of the human ribosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline G Rollins
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Manidip Shasmal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nathan Meade
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Helen Astar
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peter S Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Derek Walsh
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Swift BMC, Meade N, Barron ES, Bennett M, Perehenic T, Hughes V, Stevenson K, Rees CED. The development and use of Actiphage ® to detect viable mycobacteria from bovine tuberculosis and Johne's disease-infected animals. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:738-746. [PMID: 31793754 PMCID: PMC7111073 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the development of a method that exploits bacteriophage D29 as a lysis agent for efficient DNA extraction from low numbers of mycobacterial cells. This method (Actiphage® ) used in combination with PCR achieved rapid and sensitive (LOD ≤ 10 cell ml-1 ) detection and identification of viable, pathogenic mycobacteria in blood samples within 6 h. We demonstrate that mycobacteriophage D29 can be used to detect a range of mycobacteria from clinical blood samples including both Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis without the need for culture and confirms our earlier observations that a low-level bacteraemia is associated with these infections in cattle. In a study of M. bovis-infected cattle (n = 41), the sensitivity of the Actiphage® method was 95 % (95 % CI; 0.84-0.99) and specificity was 100 % (95% CI; 0.92-1). We further used Actiphage® to demonstrate viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is present in the blood of Johne's infected cattle. This method provides a revolutionary new tool for the study of infections caused by these difficult to grow pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. C. Swift
- Pathobiology and Population SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHawksheadHertsAL9 7TAUK
| | - Nathan Meade
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLeicsLE12 5RDUK
| | - Elsa Sandoval Barron
- School of Veterinary and Medicine ScienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLeicsLE12 5RDUK
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- School of Veterinary and Medicine ScienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLeicsLE12 5RDUK
| | - Tania Perehenic
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLeicsLE12 5RDUK
| | - Valerie Hughes
- Moredun Research InstitutePentlands Science ParkPenicuikEH26 0PZUK
| | - Karen Stevenson
- Moredun Research InstitutePentlands Science ParkPenicuikEH26 0PZUK
| | - Catherine E. D. Rees
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLoughboroughLeicsLE12 5RDUK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meade N, DiGiuseppe S, Walsh D. Translational control during poxvirus infection. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 2018; 10:e1515. [PMID: 30381906 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Poxviruses are an unusual family of large double-stranded (ds) DNA viruses that exhibit an incredible degree of self-sufficiency and complexity in their replication and immune evasion strategies. Indeed, amongst their approximately 200 open reading frames (ORFs), poxviruses encode approximately 100 immunomodulatory proteins to counter host responses along with complete DNA synthesis, transcription, mRNA processing and cytoplasmic redox systems that enable them to replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm of infected cells. However, like all other viruses poxviruses do not encode ribosomes and therefore remain completely dependent on gaining access to the host translational machinery in order to synthesize viral proteins. Early studies of these intriguing viruses helped discover the mRNA cap and polyadenylated (polyA) tail that we now know to be present on most eukaryotic messages and which play fundamental roles in mRNA translation, while more recent studies have begun to reveal the remarkable lengths poxviruses go to in order to control both host and viral protein synthesis. Here, we discuss some of the central strategies used by poxviruses and the broader battle that ensues with the host cell to control the translation system, the outcome of which ultimately dictates the fate of infection. This article is categorized under: Translation > Translation Regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Meade
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen DiGiuseppe
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Derek Walsh
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meade N, Furey C, Li H, Verma R, Chai Q, Rollins MG, DiGiuseppe S, Naghavi MH, Walsh D. Poxviruses Evade Cytosolic Sensing through Disruption of an mTORC1-mTORC2 Regulatory Circuit. Cell 2018; 174:1143-1157.e17. [PMID: 30078703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Viruses employ elaborate strategies to coopt the cellular processes they require to replicate while simultaneously thwarting host antiviral responses. In many instances, how this is accomplished remains poorly understood. Here, we identify a protein, F17 encoded by cytoplasmically replicating poxviruses, that binds and sequesters Raptor and Rictor, regulators of mammalian target of rapamycin complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, respectively. This disrupts mTORC1-mTORC2 crosstalk that coordinates host responses to poxvirus infection. During infection with poxvirus lacking F17, cGAS accumulates together with endoplasmic reticulum vesicles around the Golgi, where activated STING puncta form, leading to interferon-stimulated gene expression. By contrast, poxvirus expressing F17 dysregulates mTOR, which localizes to the Golgi and blocks these antiviral responses in part through mTOR-dependent cGAS degradation. Ancestral conservation of Raptor/Rictor across eukaryotes, along with expression of F17 across poxviruses, suggests that mTOR dysregulation forms a conserved poxvirus strategy to counter cytosolic sensing while maintaining the metabolic benefits of mTOR activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Meade
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Colleen Furey
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rita Verma
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qingqing Chai
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Madeline G Rollins
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stephen DiGiuseppe
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mojgan H Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Derek Walsh
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bignami F, Kent AJ, Lipucci di Paola M, Meade N. Participation of patients in the development of advanced therapy medicinal products. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2012; 54:839-42. [PMID: 21698537 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-011-1306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are under development and in clinical trials. Patients are central to this progress. In research, patients have funded, catalysed, coordinated and led projects. In regulation, patient groups have contributed to the creation of the political momentum for regulation of ATMPs, contributed to the debate and now participate in the regulatory process. Once licensed, patients will have a role in the pharmacovigilance, health technology assessment and reimbursement arrangements for these products. Patient groups contribute valuably as equal stakeholders at every step of the development of an ATMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Bignami
- EURORDIS (European Organisation for Rare Diseases), Paris, Frankreich
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meade N. Forecasting with growth curves: the effect of error structure. J Forecast 1988; 7:235-244. [PMID: 12282624 DOI: 10.1002/for.3980070404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
"The main theme of this paper is an investigation into the importance of error structure as a determinant of the forecasting accuracy of the logistic model. The relationship between the variance of the disturbance term and forecasting accuracy is examined empirically. A general local logistic model is developed as a vehicle to be used in this investigation. Some brief comments are made on the assumptions about error structure, implicit or explicit, in the literature." The results suggest that "the variance of the disturbance term, when using the logistic to forecast human populations, is proportional to at least the square of population size."
Collapse
|
9
|
Meade N. A modified logistic model applied to human populations. J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc 1988; 151 Pt. 3:491-498. [PMID: 12233645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
"The use of the logistic curve for forecasting human populations [in the United Kingdom] considered by Leach is re-examined. A modification of the use of the logistic curve is suggested, which changes the emphasis from fitting a logistic trend to providing a forecast logistic trend. The assumption, used by Leach, that the variance of the additive disturbance term is constant is replaced by a more realistic supposition that the variance of the proportional disturbance is constant. The forecasting performance of the modified logistic model is shown to be superior to that of the model used by Leach." A reply by Leach (pp. 496-7) and a response by the author (p. 498) are included.
Collapse
|