1
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Díez-Sánchez A, Lindholm HT, Vornewald PM, Ostrop J, Yao R, Single AB, Marstad A, Parmar N, Shaw TN, Martín-Alonso M, Oudhoff MJ. LSD1 drives intestinal epithelial maturation and controls small intestinal immune cell composition independent of microbiota in a murine model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3412. [PMID: 38649356 PMCID: PMC11035651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Postnatal development of the gastrointestinal tract involves the establishment of the commensal microbiota, the acquisition of immune tolerance via a balanced immune cell composition, and maturation of the intestinal epithelium. While studies have uncovered an interplay between the first two, less is known about the role of the maturing epithelium. Here we show that intestinal-epithelial intrinsic expression of lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1) is necessary for the postnatal maturation of intestinal epithelium and maintenance of this developed state during adulthood. Using microbiota-depleted mice, we find plasma cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), and a specific myeloid population to depend on LSD1-controlled epithelial maturation. We propose that LSD1 controls the expression of epithelial-derived chemokines, such as Cxcl16, and that this is a mode of action for this epithelial-immune cell interplay in local ILC2s but not ILC3s. Together, our findings suggest that the maturing epithelium plays a dominant role in regulating the local immune cell composition, thereby contributing to gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Díez-Sánchez
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Håvard T Lindholm
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pia M Vornewald
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rouan Yao
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrew B Single
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Marstad
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tovah N Shaw
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mara Martín-Alonso
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Menno J Oudhoff
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, ON, Canada.
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2
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Das S, Stamnaes J, Kemppainen E, Hervonen K, Lundin KEA, Parmar N, Jahnsen FL, Jahnsen J, Lindfors K, Salmi T, Iversen R, Sollid LM. Correction to: Separate Gut Plasma Cell Populations Produce Auto-Antibodies against Transglutaminase 2 and Transglutaminase 3 in Dermatitis Herpetiformis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2400894. [PMID: 38477397 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
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3
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Vornewald PM, Forman R, Yao R, Parmar N, Lindholm HT, Lee LSK, Martín-Alonso M, Else KJ, Oudhoff MJ. Mmp17-deficient mice exhibit heightened goblet cell effector expression in the colon and increased resistance to chronic Trichuris muris infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243528. [PMID: 37869014 PMCID: PMC10587605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial homeostasis is maintained by intrinsic and extrinsic signals. The extrinsic signals include those provided by mesenchymal cell populations that surround intestinal crypts and is further facilitated by the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is modulated by proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Extrinsic signals ensure an appropriate balance between intestinal epithelial proliferation and differentiation. This study explores the role of MMP17, which is preferentially expressed by smooth muscle cells in the intestine, in intestinal homeostasis and during immunity to infection. Mice lacking MMP17 expressed high levels of goblet-cell associated genes and proteins, such as CLCA1 and RELM-β, which are normally associated with immune responses to infection. Nevertheless, Mmp17 KO mice did not have altered resistance during a bacterial Citrobacter rodentium infection. However, when challenged with a low dose of the helminth Trichuris muris, Mmp17 KO mice had increased resistance, without a clear role for an altered immune response during infection. Mechanistically, we did not find changes in traditional modulators of goblet cell effectors such as the NOTCH pathway or specific cytokines. We found MMP17 expression in smooth muscle cells as well as lamina propria cells such as macrophages. Together, our data suggest that MMP17 extrinsically alters goblet cell maturation which is sufficient to alter clearance in a helminth infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia M. Vornewald
- CEMIR – Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ruth Forman
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology & Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rouan Yao
- CEMIR – Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Naveen Parmar
- CEMIR – Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard T. Lindholm
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lilith S. K. Lee
- CEMIR – Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mara Martín-Alonso
- CEMIR – Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kathryn J. Else
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology & Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Menno J. Oudhoff
- CEMIR – Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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4
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Das S, Stamnaes J, Kemppainen E, Hervonen K, Lundin KEA, Parmar N, Jahnsen FL, Jahnsen J, Lindfors K, Salmi T, Iversen R, Sollid LM. Separate Gut Plasma Cell Populations Produce Auto-Antibodies against Transglutaminase 2 and Transglutaminase 3 in Dermatitis Herpetiformis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300401. [PMID: 37424036 PMCID: PMC10477854 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an inflammatory skin disorder often considered as an extra intestinal manifestation of celiac disease (CeD). Hallmarks of CeD and DH are auto-antibodies to transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and transglutaminase 3 (TG3), respectively. DH patients have auto-antibodies reactive with both transglutaminase enzymes. Here it is reported that in DH both gut plasma cells and serum auto-antibodies are specific for either TG2 or TG3 with no TG2-TG3 cross reactivity. By generating monoclonal antibodies from TG3-specific duodenal plasma cells of DH patients, three conformational epitope groups are defined. Both TG2-specific and TG3-specific gut plasma cells have few immunoglobulin (Ig) mutations, and the two transglutaminase-reactive populations show distinct selection of certain heavy and light chain V-genes. Mass spectrometry analysis of TG3-specific serum IgA corroborates preferential usage of IGHV2-5 in combination with IGKV4-1. Collectively, these results demonstrate parallel induction of anti-TG2 and anti-TG3 auto-antibody responses involving separate B-cell populations in DH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saykat Das
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
| | - Jorunn Stamnaes
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
| | - Esko Kemppainen
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
| | - Kaisa Hervonen
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
- Department of DermatologyTampere University HospitalTampere33520Finland
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
- Department of GastroenterologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oslo and Institute of Clinical MedicineOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Frode L. Jahnsen
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Oslo and Institute of Clinical MedicineOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Department of GastroenterologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskog1478Norway
| | - Katri Lindfors
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
| | - Teea Salmi
- Celiac Disease Research CentreFaculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampere33520Finland
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- Department of ImmunologyOslo University Hospital‐RikshospitaletOslo0372Norway
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research CentreInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOslo0372Norway
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5
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Patel R, Parmar N, Palit SP, Rathwa N, Begum R. A novel combination of sitagliptin and melatonin ameliorates T2D manifestations: studies on experimental diabetic models. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02014-6. [PMID: 36692817 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an endocrine disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, reduced pancreatic β-cell function and mass, and a reduced incretin effect. Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with increased T2D risk. We have investigated the therapeutic potential of a combination of melatonin (M) and sitagliptin (S), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, in the amelioration of T2D manifestations in high-fat diet (HFD) induced T2D mouse model and also on β-cell proliferation under gluco-lipotoxicity stress in vitro. METHODS For in vivo study, mice were fed with HFD for 25 weeks to induce T2D and were treated with monotherapies and S + M for four weeks. For the in vitro study, primary mouse islets were exposed to normal glucose and high glucose + palmitate to induce gluco-lipotoxic stress. RESULTS Our results suggest that monotherapies and S + M improve metabolic parameters and glyco-lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue, respectively, and improve mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, it increases peripheral insulin sensitivity. Our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that β-cell mass was preserved in all the drug-treated groups. CONCLUSION The combination treatment is superior to monotherapies in the management of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - N Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - S P Palit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - N Rathwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - R Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
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6
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Lindholm HT, Parmar N, Drurey C, Poveda MC, Vornewald P, Ostrop J, Díez-Sanchez A, Maizels RM, Oudhoff MJ. BMP signaling in the intestinal epithelium drives a critical feedback loop to restrain IL-13-driven tuft cell hyperplasia. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabl6543. [PMID: 35559665 PMCID: PMC7614132 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abl6543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tract is a common site for various types of infections including viruses, bacteria, and helminths, each requiring specific modes of immune defense. The intestinal epithelium has a pivotal role in both immune initiation and effector stages, which are coordinated by lymphocyte cytokines such as IFNγ, IL-13, and IL-22. Here, we studied intestinal epithelial immune responses using organoid image analysis based on a convolutional neural network, transcriptomic analysis, and in vivo infection models. We found that IL-13 and IL-22 both induce genes associated with goblet cells, but the resulting goblet cell phenotypes are dichotomous. Moreover, only IL-13-driven goblet cells are associated with classical NOTCH signaling. We further showed that IL-13 induces the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, which acts in a negative feedback loop on immune type 2-driven tuft cell hyperplasia. This is associated with inhibiting Sox4 expression to putatively limit the tuft cell progenitor population. Blocking ALK2, a BMP receptor, with the inhibitor dorsomorphin homolog 1 (DMH1) interrupted the feedback loop, resulting in greater tuft cell numbers both in vitro and in vivo after infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Together, this investigation of cytokine effector responses revealed an unexpected and critical role for the BMP pathway in regulating type 2 immunity, which can be exploited to tailor epithelial immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard T. Lindholm
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway,corresponding authors: and
| | - Naveen Parmar
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claire Drurey
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Campillo Poveda
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pia Vornewald
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alberto Díez-Sanchez
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, G12 8TA Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Menno J. Oudhoff
- CEMIR - Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway,corresponding authors: and
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7
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Poku FA, Bhatt P, Umscheid J, Ayensu M, Parmar N, Vasudeva R, Doshi H, Donda K, Dapaah-Siakwan F. Gastroschisis and omphalocele: Trends in incidence, mortality, and resource use. Ann Epidemiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Mishra S, Parmar N, Chandrakar P, Sharma CP, Parveen S, Vats RP, Seth A, Goel A, Kar S. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of pyranone-piperazine analogs as potent antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113516. [PMID: 33992928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The current therapeutic regimen for visceral leishmaniasis is inadequate and unsatisfactory due to toxic side effects, high cost and emergence of drug resistance. Alternative, safe and affordable antileishmanials are, therefore, urgently needed and toward these we synthesized a series of arylpiperazine substituted pyranone derivatives and screened them against both in vitro and in vivo model of visceral leishmaniasis. Among 22 synthesized compounds, 5a and 5g showed better activity against intracellular amastigotes with an IC50 of 11.07 μM and 15.3 μM, respectively. In the in vivo, 5a significantly reduced hepatic and splenic amastigotes burden in Balb/c mice model of visceral leishmaniasis. On a mechanistic node, we observed that 5a induced direct Leishmania killing via mitochondrial dysfunction like cytochrome c release and loss of membrane potential. Taken together, our results suggest that 5a is a promising lead for further development of antileishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachi Mishra
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Molecular Parasitology & Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Pragya Chandrakar
- Molecular Parasitology & Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Sharma
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sajiya Parveen
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India; Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ravi P Vats
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India; Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anuradha Seth
- Molecular Parasitology & Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Atul Goel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India; Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Susanta Kar
- Molecular Parasitology & Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India.
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Parmar N, Burrows K, Vornewald PM, Lindholm HT, Zwiggelaar RT, Díez-Sánchez A, Martín-Alonso M, Fosslie M, Vallance BA, Dahl JA, Zaph C, Oudhoff MJ. Intestinal-epithelial LSD1 controls goblet cell maturation and effector responses required for gut immunity to bacterial and helminth infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009476. [PMID: 33788902 PMCID: PMC8041206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious and inflammatory diseases in the intestine remain a serious threat for patients world-wide. Reprogramming of the intestinal epithelium towards a protective effector state is important to manage inflammation and immunity and can be therapeutically targeted. The role of epigenetic regulatory enzymes within these processes is not yet defined. Here, we use a mouse model that has an intestinal-epithelial specific deletion of the histone demethylase Lsd1 (cKO mice), which maintains the epithelium in a fixed reparative state. Challenge of cKO mice with bacteria-induced colitis or a helminth infection model both resulted in increased pathogenesis. Mechanistically, we discovered that LSD1 is important for goblet cell maturation and goblet-cell effector molecules such as RELMß. We propose that this may be in part mediated by directly controlling genes that facilitate cytoskeletal organization, which is important in goblet cell biology. This study therefore identifies intestinal-epithelial epigenetic regulation by LSD1 as a critical element in host protection from infection. The epithelium that lines our intestine has the important task of taking up nutrients, while also providing a barrier against pathogens. The intestinal epithelium performs these different tasks by having specialized cell types; enterocytes take up nutrients whereas goblet cells are in charge of producing a mucus layer. In addition, goblet cells can be stimulated to make special antimicrobial proteins. This occurs in response to cues called cytokines that come from immune cells, which are able to detect and act on the presence of pathogens such as bacteria or parasitic worms. In this study, we found that LSD1, an enzyme that controls gene expression, was important for goblet cells. Mice that lacked LSD1 specifically in their intestinal epithelium were unable to respond to cytokines and could not defend themselves against bacterial and parasitic infections. In part, we also made use of a specific inhibitor against the enzyme activity of LSD1. This inhibitor also blocked goblet cell differentiation and goblet-cell specific antimicrobial responses to cytokines. We are thus able to manipulate epithelial responses, which may be an important tool in the future to treat patients with infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Parmar
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kyle Burrows
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pia M Vornewald
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard T Lindholm
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rosalie T Zwiggelaar
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alberto Díez-Sánchez
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mara Martín-Alonso
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Madeleine Fosslie
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Colby Zaph
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Menno J Oudhoff
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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10
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Roberts LB, Schnoeller C, Berkachy R, Darby M, Pillaye J, Oudhoff MJ, Parmar N, Mackowiak C, Sedda D, Quesniaux V, Ryffel B, Vaux R, Gounaris K, Berrard S, Withers DR, Horsnell WGC, Selkirk ME. Acetylcholine production by group 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes mucosal immunity to helminths. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/57/eabd0359. [PMID: 33674321 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical mediators of immunological and physiological responses at mucosal barrier sites. Whereas neurotransmitters can stimulate ILCs, the synthesis of small-molecule neurotransmitters by these cells has only recently been appreciated. Group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) are shown here to synthesize and release acetylcholine (ACh) during parasitic nematode infection. The cholinergic phenotype of pulmonary ILC2s was associated with their activation state, could be induced by in vivo exposure to extracts of Alternaria alternata or the alarmin cytokines interleukin-33 (IL-33) and IL-25, and was augmented by IL-2 in vitro. Genetic disruption of ACh synthesis by murine ILC2s resulted in increased parasite burdens, lower numbers of ILC2s, and reduced lung and gut barrier responses to Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. These data demonstrate a functional role for ILC2-derived ACh in the expansion of ILC2s for maximal induction of type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B Roberts
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Rita Berkachy
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Darby
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jamie Pillaye
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Menno J Oudhoff
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claire Mackowiak
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Delphine Sedda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Valerie Quesniaux
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Rachel Vaux
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sylvie Berrard
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, 75019 Paris, France
| | - David R Withers
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - William G C Horsnell
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Immunology and Neurogenetics, UMR 7355, CNRS-University of Orleans and Le Studium Institute for Advanced Studies, Rue Dupanloup, 45000 Orléans, France
| | - Murray E Selkirk
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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11
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Chandrakar P, Seth A, Rani A, Dutta M, Parmar N, Descoteaux A, Kar S. Jagged-Notch-mediated divergence of immune cell crosstalk maintains the anti-inflammatory response in visceral leishmaniasis. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.252494. [PMID: 33589499 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling governs crucial aspects of intercellular communication spanning antigen-presenting cells and T-cells. In this study, we investigate how Leishmania donovani takes advantage of this pathway to quell host immune responses. We report induction of the Notch ligand Jagged1 in L. donovani-infected bone marrow macrophages (BMMϕs) and subsequent activation of RBPJκ (also known as RBPJ) in T cells, which in turn upregulates the transcription factor GATA3. Activated RBPJκ also associates with the histone acetyltransferase p300 (also known as EP300), which binds with the Bcl2l12 promoter and enhances its expression. Interaction of Bcl2L12 with GATA3 in CD4+ T cells facilitates its binding to the interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 promoters, thereby increasing the secretion of these cytokines. Silencing Jagged1 hindered these events in a BMMϕ-T cell co-culture system. Upon further scrutiny, we found that parasite lipophosphoglycan (LPG) induces the host phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which activates β-catenin and Egr1, the two transcription factors responsible for driving Jagged1 expression. In v ivo morpholino-silencing of Jagged1 suppresses anti-inflammatory cytokine responses and reduces organ parasite burden in L. donovani-infected Balb/c mice, suggesting that L. donovani-induced host Jagged1-Notch signaling skews macrophage-T cell crosstalk into disease-promoting Th2 mode in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Chandrakar
- Division of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Division of Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Anuradha Seth
- Division of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Division of Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Ankita Rani
- Division of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Division of Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Mukul Dutta
- Division of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Division of Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Division of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Division of Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Albert Descoteaux
- Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Susanta Kar
- Division of Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India .,Division of Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
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12
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Ostrop J, Zwiggelaar RT, Terndrup Pedersen M, Gerbe F, Bösl K, Lindholm HT, Díez-Sánchez A, Parmar N, Radetzki S, von Kries JP, Jay P, Jensen KB, Arrowsmith C, Oudhoff MJ. A Semi-automated Organoid Screening Method Demonstrates Epigenetic Control of Intestinal Epithelial Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618552. [PMID: 33575256 PMCID: PMC7872100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoids are an excellent model to study epithelial biology. Yet, the selection of analytical tools to accurately quantify heterogeneous organoid cultures remains limited. Here, we developed a semi-automated organoid screening method, which we applied to a library of highly specific chemical probes to identify epigenetic regulators of intestinal epithelial biology. The role of epigenetic modifiers in adult stem cell systems, such as the intestinal epithelium, is still undefined. Based on this resource dataset, we identified several targets that affected epithelial cell differentiation, including HDACs, EP300/CREBBP, LSD1, and type I PRMTs, which were verified by complementary methods. For example, we show that inhibiting type I PRMTs, which leads enhanced epithelial differentiation, blocks the growth of adenoma but not normal organoid cultures. Thus, epigenetic probes are powerful tools to study intestinal epithelial biology and may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ostrop
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rosalie T. Zwiggelaar
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marianne Terndrup Pedersen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - François Gerbe
- Cancer Biology Department, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Korbinian Bösl
- Department of Bioinformatics, Computational Biological Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Håvard T. Lindholm
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alberto Díez-Sánchez
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silke Radetzki
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- Screening Unit, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Jay
- Cancer Biology Department, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kim B. Jensen
- BRIC - Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cheryl Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Menno J. Oudhoff
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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13
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Zwiggelaar RT, Lindholm HT, Fosslie M, Terndrup Pedersen M, Ohta Y, Díez-Sánchez A, Martín-Alonso M, Ostrop J, Matano M, Parmar N, Kvaløy E, Spanjers RR, Nazmi K, Rye M, Drabløs F, Arrowsmith C, Arne Dahl J, Jensen KB, Sato T, Oudhoff MJ. LSD1 represses a neonatal/reparative gene program in adult intestinal epithelium. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/37/eabc0367. [PMID: 32917713 PMCID: PMC7486101 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial homeostasis is maintained by adult intestinal stem cells, which, alongside Paneth cells, appear after birth in the neonatal period. We aimed to identify regulators of neonatal intestinal epithelial development by testing a small library of epigenetic modifier inhibitors in Paneth cell-skewed organoid cultures. We found that lysine-specific demethylase 1A (Kdm1a/Lsd1) is absolutely required for Paneth cell differentiation. Lsd1-deficient crypts, devoid of Paneth cells, are still able to form organoids without a requirement of exogenous or endogenous Wnt. Mechanistically, we find that LSD1 enzymatically represses genes that are normally expressed only in fetal and neonatal epithelium. This gene profile is similar to what is seen in repairing epithelium, and we find that Lsd1-deficient epithelium has superior regenerative capacities after irradiation injury. In summary, we found an important regulator of neonatal intestinal development and identified a druggable target to reprogram intestinal epithelium toward a reparative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie T Zwiggelaar
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard T Lindholm
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Madeleine Fosslie
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Terndrup Pedersen
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Yuki Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Alberto Díez-Sánchez
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mara Martín-Alonso
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jenny Ostrop
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mami Matano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Naveen Parmar
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emilie Kvaløy
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Roos R Spanjers
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry (ACTA), 1081LA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Morten Rye
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, NO-7030 Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore-Bioinformatics Core Facility, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Finn Drabløs
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cheryl Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - John Arne Dahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, NO-0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim B Jensen
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Menno J Oudhoff
- CEMIR-Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Verma SK, Joseph SK, Verma R, Kushwaha V, Parmar N, Yadav PK, Thota JR, Kar S, Murthy PK. Corrigendum to 'Protection against filarial infection by 45-49 kDa molecules of Brugia malayi via IFN-γ-mediated iNOS induction' [Vaccine 33 (2015) 527-534]. Vaccine 2020; 38:5076. [PMID: 32517851 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K Verma
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sujith K Joseph
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Richa Verma
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vikas Kushwaha
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pawan K Yadav
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jagadeshwar Reddy Thota
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Susanta Kar
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - P Kalpana Murthy
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India.
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15
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Parmar N, Chandrakar P, Kar S. Leishmania donovani Subverts Host Immune Response by Epigenetic Reprogramming of Macrophage M(Lipopolysaccharides + IFN-γ)/M(IL-10) Polarization. J I 2020; 204:2762-2778. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Yadav PK, Chandrakar P, Sharma P, Vishwakarma P, Parmar N, Srivastava M, Kar S. Reciprocal changes in CD11c +CD11b + and CD11c +CD8α + dendritic cell subsets determine protective or permissive immune response in murine experimental VL. Vaccine 2020; 38:355-365. [PMID: 31648908 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CD11c+CD8α+ and CD11c+CD11b+ dendritic cells are two major subsets of murine splenic CD11c+ DCs which play a crucial role in T cell priming and shaping Th1/Th2 responses, but their role in the context of experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is poorly understood. Herein, we showed that L. donovani infection in Balb/c mice preferentially decreased the population abundance of CD11c+CD11b+ DCs and increased relative abundance of splenic CD11c+CD8α +DCs. During infection, splenic CD11c+CD11b+ DCs induced Th1 differentiation whereas CD11c+CD8α+ DCs promoted Th2 differentiation. Additionally, treatment of infected mice with miltefosine as experimental control exhibited host defense allowing the restoration of CD11c+CD11b+ population and decrease in CD11c+CD8α+ subset. Furthermore, reciprocal regulation of immune accessory surface molecules, Sema4A and OX40L critically determined Th1/Th2 response induced by these DC subsets during VL. L. donovani infection significantly induced OX40L expression and slightly downregulated SEMA 4A expression in CD11c+CD8α+ DCs whereas miltefosine treatment significantly downregulated OX40L expression along with pronounced upregulation of SEMA 4A expression in CD11c+CD11b+ DCs. SiRNA mediated knockdown of SEMA 4A markedly reduced CD11c+CD11b+ driven IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-12 synthesis in miltefosine treated mice whereas functional blocking of OX40L decreased CD11c+CD8α+ induced IL-10, IL-4 and TGF-β synthesis in L. donovani infected group. Vaccination of Balb/c mice with antigen-pulsed + CpG-ODN-activated DC subsets revealed that only antigen-pulsed CD11c+CD11b+ DCs eliminated parasite load in visceral organ and restored protective Th1 cytokine response. Collectively, our results suggest that differential regulation of splenic CD11c+ subsets by L. donovani is essential for disease progression and specific subtypes may be exploited as prophylactic measures against visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Yadav
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragya Chandrakar
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Preeti Vishwakarma
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Mrigank Srivastava
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Susanta Kar
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India.
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Chandrakar P, Parmar N, Descoteaux A, Kar S. Differential Induction of SOCS Isoforms by Leishmania donovani Impairs Macrophage–T Cell Cross-Talk and Host Defense. J I 2019; 204:596-610. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Chandrakar P, Gunaganti N, Parmar N, Kumar A, Singh SK, Rashid M, Wahajuddin M, Mitra K, Narender T, Kar S. β-Amino acid derivatives as mitochondrial complex III inhibitors of L. donovani: A promising chemotype targeting visceral leishmaniasis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111632. [PMID: 31499363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
β-amino acids and their analogues are gathering increased attention not only because of their antibacterial and antifungal activity, but also for their use in designing peptidomimetics with increased oral bioavailability and resistance to metabolic degradation. In this study, a series of α-phenyl substituted chalcones, α-phenyl, β-amino substituted dihydrochalcones and β-amino acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antileishmanial efficacy against experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Among all synthesized derivatives, 10c showed promising antileishmanial efficacy against both extracellular promastigote and intracellular amastigote (IC50 8.2 μM and 20.5 μM respectively) of L. donovani with negligible cytotoxic effect towards J774 macrophages and Vero cells. 10c effectively reduced spleen and liver parasite burden (>90%) in both hamster and Balb/c model of VL without any hepatotoxicity. In vitro pharmacokinetic analysis showed that 10c was stable in gastric fluid and plasma of Balb/c mice at 10 μg/ml. Further analysis of the molecular mechanism revealed that 10c entered into the parasite by depolarizing the plasma membrane rather than forming nonspecific pores and induced molecular events like loss in mitochondrial membrane potential with a gradual decline in ATP production. This, in turn, did not induce programmed cell death of the parasite; rather 10c induced bioenergetic collapse of the parasite by decreasing ATP synthesis through specific inhibition of mitochondrial complex III activity. Altogether, our results allude to the therapeutic potential of β-amino acid derivatives as novel antileishmanials, identifying them as lead compounds for further exploration in the design of potent candidates for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Chandrakar
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Gunaganti
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India; Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India; Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - M Wahajuddin
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India; Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kalyan Mitra
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Tadigopula Narender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India.
| | - Susanta Kar
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, India.
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Upadhyay A, Chandrakar P, Gupta S, Parmar N, Singh SK, Rashid M, Kushwaha P, Wahajuddin M, Sashidhara KV, Kar S. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Mechanism of Action Studies of Quinoline-Metronidazole Derivatives Against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5655-5671. [PMID: 31124675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In our efforts to identify novel chemical scaffolds for the development of antileishmanial agents, a series of quinoline-metronidazole hybrid compounds was synthesized and tested against the murine model of visceral leishmaniasis. Among all synthesized derivatives, 15b and 15i showed significant antileishmanial efficacy against both extracellular promastigote (IC50 9.54 and 5.42 μM, respectively) and intracellular amastigote (IC50 9.81 and 3.75 μM, respectively) forms of Leishmania donovani with negligible cytotoxicity toward the host (J774 macrophages, Vero cells). However, compound 15i effectively inhibited the parasite burden in the liver and spleen (>80%) of infected BALB/c mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that 15i triggers oxidative stress which induces bioenergetic collapse and apoptosis of the parasite by decreasing ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential. Structure-activity analyses and pharmacokinetic studies suggest 15i as a promising antileishmanial lead and emphasize the importance of quinoline-metronidazole series as a suitable platform for the future development of antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Upadhyay
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Anusandhan Bhawan , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Pragya Chandrakar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Anusandhan Bhawan , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Sampa Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Anusandhan Bhawan , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Anusandhan Bhawan , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Anusandhan Bhawan , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Mamunur Rashid
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Anusandhan Bhawan , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Pragati Kushwaha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Anusandhan Bhawan , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Muhammad Wahajuddin
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Anusandhan Bhawan , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Anusandhan Bhawan , New Delhi 110025 , India
| | - Susanta Kar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Anusandhan Bhawan , New Delhi 110025 , India
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Verma R, Kushwaha V, Pandey S, Thota JR, Vishwakarma P, Parmar N, Yadav PK, Tewari P, Kar S, Shukla PK, Murthy PK. Leishmania donovani molecules recognized by sera of filaria infected host facilitate filarial infection. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2901-2912. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Parmar N, Chandrakar P, Vishwakarma P, Singh K, Mitra K, Kar S. Leishmania donovani Exploits Tollip, a Multitasking Protein, To Impair TLR/IL-1R Signaling for Its Survival in the Host. J I 2018; 201:957-970. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Anand D, Yadav PK, Patel OPS, Parmar N, Maurya RK, Vishwakarma P, Raju KSR, Taneja I, Wahajuddin M, Kar S, Yadav PP. Antileishmanial Activity of Pyrazolopyridine Derivatives and Their Potential as an Adjunct Therapy with Miltefosine. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1041-1059. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawan Kumar Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi 110025, India
| | | | - Naveen Parmar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi 110025, India
| | | | - Preeti Vishwakarma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Kanumuri S. R. Raju
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Isha Taneja
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - M. Wahajuddin
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Susanta Kar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Prem P. Yadav
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi 110025, India
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Parmar N, Pendergrast J, Lieberman L, Lin Y, Callum J, Cserti-Gazdewich C. The association of fever with transfusion-associated circulatory overload. Vox Sang 2016; 112:70-78. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Parmar
- Department of Laboratory Hematology (Blood Transfusion Laboratory [BTL]); Laboratory Medicine Program (LMP); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
| | - J. Pendergrast
- Department of Laboratory Hematology (Blood Transfusion Laboratory [BTL]); Laboratory Medicine Program (LMP); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology (DMOH); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Pathobiology (LMP); Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Quality, Utilization, Efficacy, & Safety of Transfusion (QUEST) Research Collaborative; Toronto ON Canada
| | - L. Lieberman
- Department of Laboratory Hematology (Blood Transfusion Laboratory [BTL]); Laboratory Medicine Program (LMP); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Pathobiology (LMP); Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Quality, Utilization, Efficacy, & Safety of Transfusion (QUEST) Research Collaborative; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Y. Lin
- Department of Laboratory Hematology (Blood Transfusion Laboratory [BTL]); Laboratory Medicine Program (LMP); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Pathobiology (LMP); Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Quality, Utilization, Efficacy, & Safety of Transfusion (QUEST) Research Collaborative; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Blood & Tissue Bank Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto ON Canada
| | - J. Callum
- Department of Laboratory Hematology (Blood Transfusion Laboratory [BTL]); Laboratory Medicine Program (LMP); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Pathobiology (LMP); Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Quality, Utilization, Efficacy, & Safety of Transfusion (QUEST) Research Collaborative; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Blood & Tissue Bank Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Toronto ON Canada
| | - C. Cserti-Gazdewich
- Department of Laboratory Hematology (Blood Transfusion Laboratory [BTL]); Laboratory Medicine Program (LMP); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology (DMOH); University Health Network (UHN); Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine - Pathobiology (LMP); Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Quality, Utilization, Efficacy, & Safety of Transfusion (QUEST) Research Collaborative; Toronto ON Canada
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Abstract
Cell therapy is an emerging option for regenerating skeletal muscle. Improved delivery methods for anchorage-dependent myoblasts are likely to improve integration and function of transplanted muscle cells. Highly porous microspheres, produced using thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), have features ideally suited for minimally invasive cell delivery. The purpose of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the use of TIPS microspheres as highly porous microcarriers for manipulation of human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMM) under defined culture conditions. HSMM cells readily attached to the surface of poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) TIPS microcarriers, where they were induced to continue proliferating or to be driven towards differentiation whilst under static-dynamic culture conditions for 7 days. Switching from proliferation medium to differentiation medium for 7 days, resulted in increased protein expression of skeletal muscle cell contractile apparatus components, MyoD and skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain, compared with cells cultured on conventional culture plasticware for the same duration (p < 0.001). Growth of myoblasts on the surface of the microcarriers and their migration following simulated delivery, caused no change to the proliferative capacity of cells over 7 days. Results from this study demonstrate that TIPS microspheres provide an ideal vehicle for the expansion and delivery of myoblasts for therapeutic applications. Transplantation of myoblasts anchored to a substrate, rather than in suspension, will reduce the amount of ex vivo manipulation required during preparation of the product and allows cells to be delivered in a more natural state. This will improve the ability to control cell dosage and increase the likelihood of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Parmar
- University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.r.m.day at ucl.ac.uk
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Lewis N, Parmar N, Hussain Z, Baker G, Green I, Howlett J, Kearns A, Cookson B, McDonald A, Wilson M, Ready D. Colonisation of dentures by Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA in out-patient and in-patient populations. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1823-6. [PMID: 26071000 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important human pathogen, and colonisation with this organism can result in localised or systemic infections which may be fatal. One hundred in-patients admitted to a London teaching hospital and 100 out-patients attending prosthetic dentistry clinics were recruited into this study. Of the 100 out-patients, 27 % harboured S. aureus on their dentures, compared to 33 % of in-patients. Only one out-patient had MRSA colonising their dentures whereas 12 % of the in-patients harboured MRSA. The median total bacterial count of the denture plaque samples was 6.2 × 10(7) cfu/sample and 6.9 × 10(7) cfu/sample for the out-patient and in-patient populations, respectively. In most instances, where present, S. aureus comprised less than 1 % of the total viable denture microbiota. Phage typing demonstrated that EMRSA-15 and non-typeable strains were harboured on dentures. The results of this study have revealed that dentures are a potential reservoir of MRSA and so account should be taken of these findings when planning decontamination procedures for elimination of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lewis
- Eastman Dental Hospital, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, UK
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Verma SK, Joseph SK, Verma R, Kushwaha V, Parmar N, Yadav PK, Thota JR, Kar S, Murthy PK. Protection against filarial infection by 45-49 kDa molecules of Brugia malayi via IFN-γ-mediated iNOS induction. Vaccine 2014; 33:527-34. [PMID: 25454090 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) mediated mechanisms have been implicated in killing of some life-stages of Brugia malayi/Wuchereria bancrofti and protect the host through type 1 responses and IFN-γ stimulated toxic mediators' release. However, the identity of NO stimulating molecules of the parasites is not known. Three predominantly NO-stimulating SDS-PAGE resolved fractions F8 (45.24-48.64 kDa), F11 (33.44-38.44 kDa) and F12 (28.44-33.44 kDa) from B. malayi were identified and their proteins were analyzed by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF. Tropomyosin, calponin and de novo peptides were identified by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF in F8 and immunization with F8 conferred most significant protection against L3-initiated infection in Mastomys coucha. Immunized animals showed upregulated F8-induced NO, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β release, cellular proliferative responses and specific IgG and IgG1. Anti-IFN-γ, anti-TNF-α, and anti-IL-1β significantly reduced F8-mediated NO generation and iNOS induction at protein levels. Anti-IFN-γ treated cells showed maximum reduction (>74%) in NO generation suggesting a predominant role of IFN-γ in iNOS induction. In conclusion, the findings suggest that F8 which contains tropomyosin, calponin and de novo peptides protects the host via IFN-γ mediated iNOS induction and may hold promise as vaccine candidate(s). This is also the first report of identification of tropomyosin and calponin in B. malayi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv K Verma
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sujith K Joseph
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Richa Verma
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vikas Kushwaha
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pawan K Yadav
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jagadeshwar Reddy Thota
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Susanta Kar
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - P Kalpana Murthy
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Shivahare R, Vishwakarma P, Parmar N, Yadav PK, Haq W, Srivastava M, Gupta S, Kar S. Combination of liposomal CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 2006 and miltefosine induces strong cell-mediated immunity during experimental visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94596. [PMID: 24732039 PMCID: PMC3986403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immuno-modulators in combination with antileishmanial drug miltefosine is a better therapeutic approach for treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) as it not only reduces the dose of miltefosine but also shortens the treatment regimen. However, immunological mechanisms behind the perceived benefits of this combination therapy have not been investigated in detail. In the present study, we hypothesized that potential use of drugs that target the host in addition to the parasite might represent an alternative strategy for combination therapy. We investigated immune responses generated in Leishmania donovani infected animals (hamsters and mice) treated with combination of CpG-ODN-2006 and miltefosine at short dose regimen. Infected animals were administered CpG-ODN-2006 (0.4 mg/kg, single dose), as free and liposomal form, either alone or in combination with miltefosine for 5 consecutive days and parasite clearance was evaluated at day 4 and 7 post treatment. Animals that received liposomal CpG-ODN-2006 (lipo-CpG-ODN-2006) and sub-curative miltefosine (5 mg/kg) showed the best inhibition of parasite multiplication (∼97%) which was associated with a biased Th1 immune response in. Moreover, compared to all the other treated groups, we observed increased mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-12) and significantly suppressed levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) on day 4 post treatment in animals that underwent combination therapy with lipo-CpG-ODN-2006 and sub-curative miltefosine. Additionally, same therapy also induced heightened iNOS mRNA levels and NO generation, increased IgG2 antibody level and strong T-cell response in these hamsters compared with all the other treated groups. Collectively, our results suggest that combination of lipo-CpG-ODN-2006 and sub-curative miltefosine generates protective T-cell response in an animal model of visceral leishmaniasis which is characterized by strong Th1 biased immune response thereby underlining our hypothesis that combination therapy, at short dose regimen can be used as a novel way of treating visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shivahare
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Preeti Vishwakarma
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Naveen Parmar
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Yadav
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Wahajul Haq
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Mrigank Srivastava
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Suman Gupta
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Susanta Kar
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- * E-mail:
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Singh KM, Reddy B, Patel AK, Panchasara H, Parmar N, Patel AB, Shah TM, Bhatt VD, Joshi CG. Metagenomic analysis of buffalo rumen microbiome: Effect of roughage diet on Dormancy and Sporulation genes. Meta Gene 2014; 2:252-68. [PMID: 25606408 PMCID: PMC4287859 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Buffalo rumen microbiome experiences a variety of diet stress and represents reservoir of Dormancy and Sporulation genes. However, the information on genomic responses to such conditions is very limited. The Ion Torrent PGM next generation sequencing technology was used to characterize general microbial diversity and the repertoire of microbial genes present, including genes associated with Dormancy and Sporulation in Mehsani buffalo rumen metagenome. The research findings revealed the abundance of bacteria at the domain level and presence of Dormancy and Sporulation genes which were predominantly associated with the Clostridia and Bacilli taxa belonging to the phyla Firmicutes. Genes associated with Sporulation cluster and Sporulation orphans were increased from 50% to 100% roughage treatment, thereby promoting sporulation all along the treatments. The spore germination is observed to be the highest in the 75% roughage treatment both in the liquid and solid rumen fraction samples with respect to the decrease in the values of the genes associated with spore core dehydration, thereby facilitating spore core hydration which is necessary for spore germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Singh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - B Reddy
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - A K Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - H Panchasara
- Livestock Research Station, Sardar Krushinagar Agricultural University, India
| | - N Parmar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - A B Patel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - T M Shah
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - V D Bhatt
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 001, Gujarat, India
| | - C G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand 388 001, Gujarat, India
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Pitta D, Kumar S, Veiccharelli B, Parmar N, Reddy B, Joshi C. Bacterial diversity associated with feeding dry forage at different dietary concentrations in the rumen contents of Mehshana buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) using 16S pyrotags. Anaerobe 2014; 25:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Parmar N, Kolios MC. Attenuation mapping for monitoring thermal therapy using ultrasound transmission imaging. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2004:1329-32. [PMID: 17271937 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1403417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The use of an ultrasound (US) transmission imaging system to monitor attenuation changes during tissue heating was investigated. This work presents preliminary results of images obtained from an acoustic camera before, during and after heating tissue phantoms using a heated needle. Two types of tissue-mimicking phantoms were used, agar and polyacrylamide-based. Regions of interests were chosen in images obtained from the real-time imaging system, and the pixel intensity values before, during and after heating were compared. In both phantoms, a decrease in image intensities was observed during heating, indicating an increase in tissue attenuation. Additionally, an irreversible change in image intensity was observed in regions close to the heat source. The reversibility of the intensity change was shown to be a function of the distance from the heating needle to the selected region. Initial results indicate that US transmission imaging can be used to monitor thermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Parmar
- Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Ryerson Univ., Toronto, Ont., Canada
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Parmar N, Singh A, Ward OP. Enzyme treatment to reduce solids and improve settling of sewage sludge. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2001; 26:383-6. [PMID: 11571622 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jim.7000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2000] [Accepted: 04/29/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The effect of microbial enzymes in reducing the disposable solid content of sludge was investigated. A mixture of industrial cellulase, protease, and lipase, in equal proportion by weight, reduced total suspended solids (TSS) by 30-50% and improved settling of solids. An increase in solid reduction was observed with increasing enzyme concentration. The effect of combinations of enzyme treatments indicated that two-enzyme combinations of protease and cellulase produced better solid reduction than individual enzymes and that lipase further augmented this effect. Among the individual enzymes, protease produced a more settleable sludge as compared to cellulase and lipase. Adjustment of the pH of the enzymatically treated sludge to the acidic range (pH 2-4) further improved solid reduction, and adjustment to the alkaline range (pH 10-12) improved settleability.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Parmar
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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Ciana G, Parmar N, Antonio C, Pivetta S, Tamburlini G, Cuttini M. Effectiveness of adjunctive treatment with steroids in reducing short-term mortality in a high-risk population of children with bacterial meningitis. J Trop Pediatr 1995; 41:164-8. [PMID: 7636936 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/41.3.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is still an important cause of death and/or persistent nervous system damage in children living in developing countries. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of steroids in reducing mortality and neurologic sequelae in children affected by bacterial meningitis within the context of a developing country (Mozambique), where the case-fatality rate of this disease is over 30 per cent. Seventy children with bacterial meningitis were randomized to receive either conventional antibiotic therapy or antibiotic therapy plus dexamethasone. On hospital admission there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to clinical and laboratoristic features. When dexamethasone was used early mortality, within 24 h, was significantly reduced (1/34 v. 8/36, P < 0.05). Total mortality among steroid treated patients, including those who were comatose on admission, was also reduced even if the difference did not reach statistical significance. A favourable trend in terms of fewer serious neurologic abnormalities was also observed among survivors in the steroid treated patients (5/26 v. 7/24). Fever and CSF abnormalities also disappeared more rapidly in patients receiving dexamethasone (P < 0.05). This study showed that the beneficial effect of adjunctive steroid therapy in children with bacterial meningitis can be even more important in areas where the case-fatality rate of this disease is still very high.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ciana
- Department of Paediatrics, Istituto per l'Infanzia, Trieste, Italy
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Schapira A, Solomon T, Julien M, Macome A, Parmar N, Ruas I, Simão F, Streat E, Betschart B. Comparison of intramuscular and intravenous quinine for the treatment of severe and complicated malaria in children. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1993; 87:299-302. [PMID: 8236398 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(93)90136-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare the efficacy and side effects of intramuscular (i.m.) and intravenous (i.v.) quinine, children in Mozambique with severe and complicated malaria between 6 months and 7 years were randomized to treatment with i.m. or i.v. quinine, both in a dosage of quinine dihydrochloride 20 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg every 8 h. Of 57 children treated with i.m. quinine, 4 died, 3 had neurological sequelae and 2 had sterile intramuscular abscesses. Of 47 children treated with i.v. quinine, 6 died and 1 had neurological sequelae. The mean parasite clearance time was 58.6 h in the i.m. group and 59.3 h in the i.v. group. Mean temperature clearance times were 56.1 and 51.8 h, and mean coma clearance times 40.4 and 38.7 h, respectively. None of these differences was statistically significant. Mean trough and peak concentrations of quinine were almost identical in the 2 groups, ranging from 10.5 to 12.6 mg/L, which is in the therapeutic non-toxic range. It is concluded that i.m. quinine is as effective as quinine by i.v. infusion in children with severe and complicated malaria; that minor local side effects can probably be avoided by using diluted quinine for i.m. injection; and that the optimal dose regimen for children with severe and complicated malaria in Africa at present is probably quinine salt 20 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg every 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schapira
- Department of Blood Parasitology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
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Parmar N, Easter M, Forsythe S. The detection of Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimurium using immunomagnetic separation and conductance microbiology. Lett Appl Microbiol 1992; 15:175-178. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1992.tb00756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The effect of osmotic stress on human platelets was investigated at 0, 25, and 37 degrees C. The osmolality of the suspending plasma was decreased by adding water or increased by adding sodium chloride or sucrose. After 5 min, isotonicity was restored by dilution with an excess of isotonic phosphate-buffered saline. After centrifugation, the platelets were resuspended in autologous plasma and then incubated for 1 hr at 37 degrees C before assaying the active transport of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and the hypotonic stress response. Anisosmotic conditions had a greater effect on the extent of volume reversal in the hypotonic stress test than on 5-HT uptake. At 25 degrees C, only moderate degrees of hypotonicity (0.25 osmol/kg) or hypertonicity (0.59 osmol/kg) were sufficient to depress the hypotonic stress response. In general, platelets tolerated departures from isotonic conditions better at 0 degree C than at the higher temperatures. Furthermore, at 0 and 25 degrees C approximately equiosmolal concentrations of sucrose and sodium chloride depressed the hypotonic stress response to similar extents, but at 37 degrees C high osmolalities (greater than 2 osmol/kg) were tolerated better when the additive was sucrose than when it was sodium chloride. Platelets shrank when subjected to hyperosmotic conditions, but their discoid shape and the peripheral band of microtubules were maintained.
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Brodthagen UA, Armitage WJ, Parmar N. Platelet cryopreservation with glycerol, dextran, and mannitol: recovery of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake and hypotonic stress response. Cryobiology 1985; 22:1-9. [PMID: 2579770 DOI: 10.1016/0011-2240(85)90002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human platelets were frozen in 0.5 M glycerol, 0.5 M glycerol + 3% Dextran T40, or 0.5 M glycerol + 5% mannitol. The recovery of active transport of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and the hypotonic stress response after freezing were dependent on the rate of cooling: the optimum range of rates was between 12 and 23 degrees C/min. The numerical recovery of cells was independent of cooling rate, but freezing altered the cell-size distribution. The combination of dextran and glycerol was no better than glycerol alone at protecting platelets against freezing damage. Mannitol, however, adversely affected platelet 5-HT uptake, and this was reflected in a low recovery of that activity after freezing platelets in glycerol supplemented with mannitol.
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Abstract
Twenty-seven normal, nonsedated neonates had high-resolution electrocardiography performed during the first four days of life. Using high amplification, analogue and digital filters, and signal averaging, easily defined His bundle deflections of 0.75-7.75 (mean 2.5) microV were detected in 25 (92.6%) of the 27 babies. The PH interval was 60-105 (mean 83) ms and the HV interval 10-25 (mean 17) ms. Surface His bundle electrocardiography is easily performed in the neonate and, as might be predicted, conduction intervals are considerably shorter than those seen in older age groups.
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