1
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Tse-Kang S, Wani KA, Peterson ND, Page A, Pukkila-Worley R. Activation of intestinal immunity by pathogen effector-triggered aggregation of lysosomal TIR-1/SARM1. bioRxiv 2024:2023.12.04.569946. [PMID: 38106043 PMCID: PMC10723332 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.569946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
TIR-domain proteins with enzymatic activity are essential for immunity in plants, animals, and bacteria. However, it is not known how these proteins function in pathogen sensing in animals. We discovered that a TIR-domain protein (TIR-1/SARM1) is strategically expressed on the membranes of a lysosomal sub-compartment, which enables intestinal epithelial cells in the nematode C. elegans to survey for pathogen effector-triggered host damage. We showed that a redox active virulence effector secreted by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa alkalinized and condensed a specific subset of lysosomes by inducing intracellular oxidative stress. Concentration of TIR-1/SARM1 on the surface of these organelles triggered its multimerization, which engages its intrinsic NADase activity, to activate the p38 innate immune pathway and protect the host against microbial intoxication. Thus, lysosomal TIR-1/SARM1 is a sensor for oxidative stress induced by pathogenic bacteria to activate metazoan intestinal immunity.
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2
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Nasrallah MA, Peterson ND, Szumel ES, Liu P, Page AL, Tse SY, Wani KA, Tocheny CE, Pukkila-Worley R. Transcriptional suppression of sphingolipid catabolism controls pathogen resistance in C. elegans. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011730. [PMID: 37906605 PMCID: PMC10637724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are required for diverse biological functions and are degraded by specific catabolic enzymes. However, the mechanisms that regulate sphingolipid catabolism are not known. Here we characterize a transcriptional axis that regulates sphingolipid breakdown to control resistance against bacterial infection. From an RNAi screen for transcriptional regulators of pathogen resistance in the nematode C. elegans, we identified the nuclear hormone receptor nhr-66, a ligand-gated transcription factor homologous to human hepatocyte nuclear factor 4. Tandem chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and RNA sequencing experiments revealed that NHR-66 is a transcriptional repressor, which directly targets sphingolipid catabolism genes. Transcriptional de-repression of two sphingolipid catabolic enzymes in nhr-66 loss-of-function mutants drives the breakdown of sphingolipids, which enhances host susceptibility to infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These data define transcriptional control of sphingolipid catabolism in the regulation of cellular sphingolipids, a process that is necessary for pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad A. Nasrallah
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicholas D. Peterson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth S. Szumel
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amanda L. Page
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Samantha Y. Tse
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Khursheed A. Wani
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Claire E. Tocheny
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Read Pukkila-Worley
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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3
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Cedillo L, Ahsan FM, Li S, Stuhr NL, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Adedoja A, Murphy LM, Yerevanian A, Emans S, Dao K, Li Z, Peterson ND, Watrous J, Jain M, Das S, Pukkila-Worley R, Curran SP, Soukas AA. Ether lipid biosynthesis promotes lifespan extension and enables diverse pro-longevity paradigms in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2023; 12:e82210. [PMID: 37606250 PMCID: PMC10444025 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biguanides, including the world's most prescribed drug for type 2 diabetes, metformin, not only lower blood sugar, but also promote longevity in preclinical models. Epidemiologic studies in humans parallel these findings, indicating favorable effects of metformin on longevity and on reducing the incidence and morbidity associated with aging-related diseases. Despite this promise, the full spectrum of molecular effectors responsible for these health benefits remains elusive. Through unbiased screening in Caenorhabditis elegans, we uncovered a role for genes necessary for ether lipid biosynthesis in the favorable effects of biguanides. We demonstrate that biguanides prompt lifespan extension by stimulating ether lipid biogenesis. Loss of the ether lipid biosynthetic machinery also mitigates lifespan extension attributable to dietary restriction, target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibition, and mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibition. A possible mechanistic explanation for this finding is that ether lipids are required for activation of longevity-promoting, metabolic stress defenses downstream of the conserved transcription factor skn-1/Nrf. In alignment with these findings, overexpression of a single, key, ether lipid biosynthetic enzyme, fard-1/FAR1, is sufficient to promote lifespan extension. These findings illuminate the ether lipid biosynthetic machinery as a novel therapeutic target to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucydalila Cedillo
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Fasih M Ahsan
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Sainan Li
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Nicole L Stuhr
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Adebanjo Adedoja
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Luke M Murphy
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Armen Yerevanian
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Sinclair Emans
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
| | - Khoi Dao
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Zhaozhi Li
- Biomedical Informatics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical Schoo, Cambridge, United States
| | - Nicholas D Peterson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Jeramie Watrous
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Biomedical Informatics Core, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical Schoo, Cambridge, United States
| | - Read Pukkila-Worley
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Alexander A Soukas
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, United States
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4
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Peterson ND, Tse SY, Huang QJ, Wani KA, Schiffer CA, Pukkila-Worley R. Non-canonical pattern recognition of a pathogen-derived metabolite by a nuclear hormone receptor identifies virulent bacteria in C. elegans. Immunity 2023; 56:768-782.e9. [PMID: 36804958 PMCID: PMC10101930 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Distinguishing infectious pathogens from harmless microorganisms is essential for animal health. The mechanisms used to identify infectious microbes are not fully understood, particularly in metazoan hosts that eat bacteria as their food source. Here, we characterized a non-canonical pattern-recognition system in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) that assesses the relative threat of virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) to activate innate immunity. We discovered that the innate immune response in C. elegans was triggered by phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), a toxic metabolite produced by pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa. We identified the nuclear hormone receptor NHR-86/HNF4 as the PCN sensor in C. elegans and validated that PCN bound to the ligand-binding domain of NHR-86/HNF4. Activation of NHR-86/HNF4 by PCN directly engaged a transcriptional program in intestinal epithelial cells that protected against P. aeruginosa. Thus, a bacterial metabolite is a pattern of pathogenesis surveilled by nematodes to identify a pathogen in its bacterial diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Peterson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Samantha Y Tse
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Qiuyu Judy Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Khursheed A Wani
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Celia A Schiffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Read Pukkila-Worley
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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5
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Peterson ND, Icso JD, Salisbury JE, Rodríguez T, Thompson PR, Pukkila-Worley R. Pathogen infection and cholesterol deficiency activate the C. elegans p38 immune pathway through a TIR-1/SARM1 phase transition. eLife 2022; 11:e74206. [PMID: 35098926 PMCID: PMC8923663 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signaling regulators can be concentrated into membrane-free, higher ordered protein assemblies to initiate protective responses during stress - a process known as phase transition. Here, we show that a phase transition of the Caenorhabditis elegans Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain protein (TIR-1), an NAD+ glycohydrolase homologous to mammalian sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 (SARM1), underlies p38 PMK-1 immune pathway activation in C. elegans intestinal epithelial cells. Through visualization of fluorescently labeled TIR-1/SARM1 protein, we demonstrate that physiologic stresses, both pathogen and non-pathogen, induce multimerization of TIR-1/SARM1 into visible puncta within intestinal epithelial cells. In vitro enzyme kinetic analyses revealed that, like mammalian SARM1, the NAD+ glycohydrolase activity of C. elegans TIR-1 is dramatically potentiated by protein oligomerization and a phase transition. Accordingly, C. elegans with genetic mutations that specifically block either multimerization or the NAD+ glycohydrolase activity of TIR-1/SARM1 fail to induce p38 PMK phosphorylation, are unable to increase immune effector expression, and are dramatically susceptible to bacterial infection. Finally, we demonstrate that a loss-of-function mutation in nhr-8, which alters cholesterol metabolism and is used to study conditions of sterol deficiency, causes TIR-1/SARM1 to oligomerize into puncta in intestinal epithelial cells. Cholesterol scarcity increases p38 PMK-1 phosphorylation, primes immune effector induction in a manner that requires TIR-1/SARM1 oligomerization and its intrinsic NAD+ glycohydrolase activity, and reduces pathogen accumulation in the intestine during a subsequent infection. These data reveal a new adaptive response that allows a metazoan host to anticipate pathogen threats during cholesterol deprivation, a time of relative susceptibility to infection. Thus, a phase transition of TIR-1/SARM1 as a prerequisite for its NAD+ glycohydrolase activity is strongly conserved across millions of years of evolution and is essential for diverse physiological processes in multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Peterson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Janneke D Icso
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - J Elizabeth Salisbury
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Tomás Rodríguez
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Read Pukkila-Worley
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
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6
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Foster KJ, Cheesman HK, Liu P, Peterson ND, Anderson SM, Pukkila-Worley R. Innate Immunity in the C. elegans Intestine Is Programmed by a Neuronal Regulator of AWC Olfactory Neuron Development. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107478. [PMID: 32268082 PMCID: PMC7215899 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory neurons allow animals to discriminate nutritious food sources from potential pathogens. From a forward genetic screen, we uncovered a surprising requirement for the olfactory neuron gene olrn-1 in the regulation of intestinal epithelial immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans. During nematode development, olrn-1 is required to program the expression of odorant receptors in the AWC olfactory neuron pair. Here, we show that olrn-1 also functions in AWC neurons in the cell non-autonomous suppression of the canonical p38 MAPK PMK-1 immune pathway in the intestine. Low activity of OLRN-1, which activates the p38 MAPK signaling cassette in AWC neurons during larval development, also de-represses the p38 MAPK PMK-1 pathway in the intestine to promote immune effector transcription, increased clearance of an intestinal pathogen, and resistance to bacterial infection. These data reveal an unexpected connection between olfactory receptor development and innate immunity and show that anti-pathogen defenses in the intestine are developmentally programmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Foster
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Hilary K Cheesman
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Nicholas D Peterson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Sarah M Anderson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Read Pukkila-Worley
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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7
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Anderson SM, Cheesman HK, Peterson ND, Salisbury JE, Soukas AA, Pukkila-Worley R. The fatty acid oleate is required for innate immune activation and pathogen defense in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007893. [PMID: 31206555 PMCID: PMC6597122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids affect a number of physiological processes, in addition to forming the building blocks of membranes and body fat stores. In this study, we uncover a role for the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate in the innate immune response of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. From an RNAi screen for regulators of innate immune defense genes, we identified the two stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturases that synthesize oleate in C. elegans. We show that the synthesis of oleate is necessary for the pathogen-mediated induction of immune defense genes. Accordingly, C. elegans deficient in oleate production are hypersusceptible to infection with diverse human pathogens, which can be rescued by the addition of exogenous oleate. However, oleate is not sufficient to drive protective immune activation. Together, these data add to the known health-promoting effects of monounsaturated fatty acids, and suggest an ancient link between nutrient stores, metabolism, and host susceptibility to bacterial infection. The evolution of multicellular organisms has been shaped by their interactions with pathogenic microorganisms. The microscopic nematode C. elegans eats bacteria for food and has evolved inducible immune defenses toward ingested pathogens that are coordinated within intestinal epithelial cells. C. elegans, therefore, presents a genetic system to characterize the requirements for the activation of innate immune defenses. Here, we show that the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate is necessary for the induction of innate immune defenses and for protection against bacterial pathogens, which defines a new link between metabolism and the regulation of anti-pathogen responses in a metazoan host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Anderson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Hilary K. Cheesman
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas D. Peterson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - J. Elizabeth Salisbury
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Alexander A. Soukas
- Center for Human Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Read Pukkila-Worley
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Peterson ND, Cheesman HK, Liu P, Anderson SM, Foster KJ, Chhaya R, Perrat P, Thekkiniath J, Yang Q, Haynes CM, Pukkila-Worley R. The nuclear hormone receptor NHR-86 controls anti-pathogen responses in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007935. [PMID: 30668573 PMCID: PMC6358101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) are ligand-gated transcription factors that control adaptive host responses following recognition of specific endogenous or exogenous ligands. Although NHRs have expanded dramatically in C. elegans compared to other metazoans, the biological function of only a few of these genes has been characterized in detail. Here, we demonstrate that an NHR can activate an anti-pathogen transcriptional program. Using genetic epistasis experiments, transcriptome profiling analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing, we show that, in the presence of an immunostimulatory small molecule, NHR-86 binds to the promoters of immune effectors to activate their transcription. NHR-86 is not required for resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa at baseline, but activation of NHR-86 by this compound drives a transcriptional program that provides protection against this pathogen. Interestingly, NHR-86 targets immune effectors whose basal regulation requires the canonical p38 MAPK PMK-1 immune pathway. However, NHR-86 functions independently of PMK-1 and modulates the transcription of these infection response genes directly. These findings characterize a new transcriptional regulator in C. elegans that can induce a protective host response towards a bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Peterson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Hilary K. Cheesman
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Anderson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Kyle J. Foster
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Richa Chhaya
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Paola Perrat
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Jose Thekkiniath
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Cole M. Haynes
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Read Pukkila-Worley
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Peterson ND, Pukkila-Worley R. Caenorhabditis elegans in high-throughput screens for anti-infective compounds. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 54:59-65. [PMID: 29935375 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
New classes of antimicrobials that are effective therapies for infections with multi-drug resistant pathogens are urgently needed. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been incorporated into small molecule screening platforms to identify anti-infective compounds that provide protection of a host during infection. The use of a live animal in these screening systems offers several advantages, including the ability to identify molecules that boost innate immune responses in a manner advantageous to host survival and compounds that disrupt bacterial virulence mechanisms. In addition, new classes of antimicrobials that target the pathogen have been uncovered, as well as interesting chemical probes that can be used to dissect new mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Peterson
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States
| | - Read Pukkila-Worley
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, United States.
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10
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Alumasa JN, Manzanillo PS, Peterson ND, Lundrigan T, Baughn AD, Cox JS, Keiler KC. Ribosome Rescue Inhibitors Kill Actively Growing and Nonreplicating Persister Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cells. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:634-644. [PMID: 28762275 PMCID: PMC5594445 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains
that are resistant to most or all available antibiotics has created
a severe problem for treating tuberculosis and has spurred a quest
for new antibiotic targets. Here, we demonstrate that trans-translation is essential for growth of MTB and is a viable target
for development of antituberculosis drugs. We also show that an inhibitor
of trans-translation, KKL-35, is bactericidal against
MTB under both aerobic and anoxic conditions. Biochemical experiments
show that this compound targets helix 89 of the 23S rRNA. In silico molecular docking predicts a binding pocket for
KKL-35 adjacent to the peptidyl-transfer center in a region not targeted
by conventional antibiotics. Computational solvent mapping suggests
that this pocket is a druggable hot spot for small molecule binding.
Collectively, our findings reveal a new target for antituberculosis
drug development and provide critical insight on the mechanism of
antibacterial action for KKL-35 and related 1,3,4-oxadiazole benzamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N. Alumasa
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 401 Althouse Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Paolo S. Manzanillo
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, #3370, 375E Li Ka Shing Center, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Peterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Microbiology Research Facility, University of Minnesota, Rm4-115, 689 23rd Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Tricia Lundrigan
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, #3370, 375E Li Ka Shing Center, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Anthony D. Baughn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Microbiology Research Facility, University of Minnesota, Rm4-115, 689 23rd Ave. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jeffery S. Cox
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, #3370, 375E Li Ka Shing Center, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kenneth C. Keiler
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, 401 Althouse Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Dillon NA, Peterson ND, Feaga HA, Keiler KC, Baughn AD. Anti-tubercular Activity of Pyrazinamide is Independent of trans-Translation and RpsA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6135. [PMID: 28733601 PMCID: PMC5522395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a first line anti-tubercular drug for which the mechanism of action remains unresolved. Recently, it was proposed that the active form of PZA, pyrazinoic acid (POA), disrupts the ribosome rescue process of trans-translation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This model suggested that POA binds within the carboxy-terminal domain of ribosomal protein S1 (RpsA) and inhibits trans-translation leading to accumulation of stalled ribosomes. Here, we demonstrate that M. tuberculosis RpsA interacts with single stranded RNA, but not with POA. Further, we show that an rpsA polymorphism previously identified in a PZA resistant strain does not confer PZA resistance when reconstructed in a laboratory strain. Finally, by utilizing an in vitro trans-translation assay with purified M. tuberculosis ribosomes we find that an interfering oligonucleotide can inhibit trans-translation, yet POA does not inhibit trans-translation. Based on these findings, we conclude that the action of PZA is entirely independent of RpsA and trans-translation in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Dillon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Nicholas D Peterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Heather A Feaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kenneth C Keiler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Anthony D Baughn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Ellis RJB, Hirons BN, May AE, McCreary DJ, Peterson ND, Quinn LM, Ziso B, Bonello M, Hywel B, Michael BD, Brown SD, Murray BD, Rogers DM, Barrett M, Doran M. 'Twas the night before Grand Round …. Med J Aust 2015; 203:457. [PMID: 26654619 DOI: 10.5694/mja15.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Besa Ziso
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Brython Hywel
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Doran
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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13
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Peterson ND, Rosen BC, Dillon NA, Baughn AD. Uncoupling Environmental pH and Intrabacterial Acidification from Pyrazinamide Susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:7320-6. [PMID: 26369957 PMCID: PMC4649215 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00967-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a first-line antitubercular drug for which the mode of action remains unresolved. Mycobacterium tuberculosis lacks measurable susceptibility to PZA under standard laboratory growth conditions. However, susceptibility to this drug can be induced by cultivation of the bacilli in an acidified growth medium. Previous reports suggested that the active form of PZA, pyrazinoic acid (POA), operates as a proton ionophore that confers cytoplasmic acidification when M. tuberculosis is exposed to an acidic environment. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of the PZA-activating enzyme PncA can confer PZA susceptibility to M. tuberculosis under neutral and even alkaline growth conditions. Furthermore, we find that wild-type M. tuberculosis displays increased susceptibility to POA relative to PZA in neutral and alkaline media. Utilizing a strain of M. tuberculosis that expresses a pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP), we find that unlike the bona fide ionophores monensin and carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone, PZA and POA do not induce rapid uncoupling or cytoplasmic acidification under conditions that promote susceptibility. Thus, based on these observations, we conclude that the antitubercular action of POA is independent of environmental pH and intrabacterial acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Peterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brandon C Rosen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicholas A Dillon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anthony D Baughn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
The Bosworth injury occurs when the distal fibula becomes entrapped posterior to the posterior tibial tubercle, usually as a result of a supination external rotation injury. This uncommon occurrence is a recognized cause of an irreducible ankle dislocation. A pilon fracture is usually a high-energy injury caused by the talus being driven upward into the tibial plafond. The resulting bone and soft tissue injuries often require a staged approach to management. The present report is the first in the medical data to describe a Bosworth injury complicating a pilon fracture. We also discuss a management approach for this rare fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Peterson
- Specialty Registrar, Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Feisal Shah
- Specialty Registrar, Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Badri Narayan
- Consultant, Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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15
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Schmidt KL, Peterson ND, Kustusch RJ, Wissel MC, Graham B, Phillips GJ, Weiss DS. A predicted ABC transporter, FtsEX, is needed for cell division in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:785-93. [PMID: 14729705 PMCID: PMC321481 DOI: 10.1128/jb.186.3.785-793.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FtsE and FtsX have homology to the ABC transporter superfamily of proteins and appear to be widely conserved among bacteria. Early work implicated FtsEX in cell division in Escherichia coli, but this was subsequently challenged, in part because the division defects in ftsEX mutants are often salt remedial. Strain RG60 has an ftsE::kan null mutation that is polar onto ftsX. RG60 is mildly filamentous when grown in standard Luria-Bertani medium (LB), which contains 1% NaCl, but upon shift to LB with no NaCl growth and division stop. We found that FtsN localizes to potential division sites, albeit poorly, in RG60 grown in LB with 1% NaCl. We also found that in wild-type E. coli both FtsE and FtsX localize to the division site. Localization of FtsX was studied in detail and appeared to require FtsZ, FtsA, and ZipA, but not the downstream division proteins FtsK, FtsQ, FtsL, and FtsI. Consistent with this, in media lacking salt, FtsA and ZipA localized independently of FtsEX, but the downstream proteins did not. Finally, in the absence of salt, cells depleted of FtsEX stopped dividing before any change in growth rate (mass increase) was apparent. We conclude that FtsEX participates directly in the process of cell division and is important for assembly or stability of the septal ring, especially in salt-free media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari L Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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16
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Kopelow SM, Peterson ND. Diabetic retinopathy. Calif Med 1973; 118:32-33. [PMID: 18730880 PMCID: PMC1455004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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