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Power Guerra N, Bierkämper M, Pablik J, Hummel T, Witt M. Histochemical Evidence for Reduced Immune Response in Nasal Mucosa of Patients with COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4427. [PMID: 38674011 PMCID: PMC11050322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary entry point of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the nasal mucosa, where viral-induced inflammation occurs. When the immune response fails against SARS-CoV-2, understanding the altered response becomes crucial. This study aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2 immunological responses in the olfactory and respiratory mucosa by focusing on epithelia and nerves. Between 2020 and 2022, we obtained post mortem tissues from the olfactory cleft from 10 patients with histologically intact olfactory epithelia (OE) who died with or from COVID-19, along with four age-matched controls. These tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical reactions using antibodies against T cell antigens CD3, CD8, CD68, and SARS spike protein for viral evidence. Deceased patients with COVID-19 exhibited peripheral lymphopenia accompanied by a local decrease in CD3+ cells in the OE. However, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was sparsely detectable in the OE. With regard to the involvement of nerve fibers, the present analysis suggested that SARS-CoV-2 did not significantly alter the immune response in olfactory or trigeminal fibers. On the other hand, SARS spike protein was detectable in both nerves. In summary, the post mortem investigation demonstrated a decreased T cell response in patients with COVID-19 and signs of SARS-CoV-2 presence in olfactory and trigeminal fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Power Guerra
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (N.P.G.); (M.B.); (T.H.)
| | - Martin Bierkämper
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (N.P.G.); (M.B.); (T.H.)
| | - Jessica Pablik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (N.P.G.); (M.B.); (T.H.)
| | - Martin Witt
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biostructural Foundations of Medical Sciences, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-781 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01309 Dresden, Germany
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Müller L, Power Guerra N, Schildt A, Lindner T, Stenzel J, Behrangi N, Bergner C, Alberts T, Bühler D, Kurth J, Krause BJ, Janowitz D, Teipel S, Vollmar B, Kuhla A. [ 18F]GE-180-PET and Post Mortem Marker Characteristics of Long-Term High-Fat-Diet-Induced Chronic Neuroinflammation in Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050769. [PMID: 37238638 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by immoderate fat accumulation leading to an elevated risk of neurodegenerative disorders, along with a host of metabolic disturbances. Chronic neuroinflammation is a main factor linking obesity and the propensity for neurodegenerative disorders. To determine the cerebrometabolic effects of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in female mice fed a long-term (24 weeks) high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) compared to a group on a control diet (CD, 20% fat), we used in vivo PET imaging with the radiotracer [18F]FDG as a marker for brain glucose metabolism. In addition, we determined the effects of DIO on cerebral neuroinflammation using translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO)-sensitive PET imaging with [18F]GE-180. Finally, we performed complementary post mortem histological and biochemical analyses of TSPO and further microglial (Iba1, TMEM119) and astroglial (GFAP) markers as well as cerebral expression analyses of cytokines (e.g., Interleukin (IL)-1β). We showed the development of a peripheral DIO phenotype, characterized by increased body weight, visceral fat, free triglycerides and leptin in plasma, as well as increased fasted blood glucose levels. Furthermore, we found obesity-associated hypermetabolic changes in brain glucose metabolism in the HFD group. Our main findings with respect to neuroinflammation were that neither [18F]GE-180 PET nor histological analyses of brain samples seem fit to detect the predicted cerebral inflammation response, despite clear evidence of perturbed brain metabolism along with elevated IL-1β expression. These results could be interpreted as a metabolically activated state in brain-resident immune cells due to a long-term HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Müller
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole Power Guerra
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01034 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Schildt
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Lindner
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Stenzel
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Newshan Behrangi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carina Bergner
- Department of Clinic and Polyclinic for Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Teresa Alberts
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Bühler
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Kurth
- Department of Clinic and Polyclinic for Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Joachim Krause
- Department of Clinic and Polyclinic for Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Angela Kuhla
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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Bühler D, Power Guerra N, Müller L, Wolkenhauer O, Düffer M, Vollmar B, Kuhla A, Wolfien M. Leptin deficiency-caused behavioral change - A comparative analysis using EthoVision and DeepLabCut. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1052079. [PMID: 37034162 PMCID: PMC10079875 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1052079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obese rodents e.g., the leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mouse exhibit remarkable behavioral changes and are therefore ideal models for evaluating mental disorders resulting from obesity. In doing so, female as well as male ob/ob mice at 8, 24, and 40 weeks of age underwent two common behavioral tests, namely the Open Field test and Elevated Plus Maze, to investigate behavioral alteration in a sex- and age dependent manner. The accuracy of these tests is often dependent on the observer that can subjectively influence the data. Methods To avoid this bias, mice were tracked with a video system. Video files were further analyzed by the compared use of two software, namely EthoVision (EV) and DeepLabCut (DLC). In DLC a Deep Learning application forms the basis for using artificial intelligence in behavioral research in the future, also with regard to the reduction of animal numbers. Results After no sex and partly also no age-related differences were found, comparison revealed that both software lead to almost identical results and are therefore similar in their basic outcomes, especially in the determination of velocity and total distance movement. Moreover, we observed additional benefits of DLC compared to EV as it enabled the interpretation of more complex behavior, such as rearing and leaning, in an automated manner. Discussion Based on the comparable results from both software, our study can serve as a starting point for investigating behavioral alterations in preclinical studies of obesity by using DLC to optimize and probably to predict behavioral observations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bühler
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Medical Center Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole Power Guerra
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luisa Müller
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Düffer
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Angela Kuhla
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Angela Kuhla,
| | - Markus Wolfien
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence (ScaDS.AI), Dresden, Germany
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Gabloffsky T, Gill S, Staffeld A, Salomon R, Power Guerra N, Joost S, Hawlitschka A, Kipp M, Frintrop L. Food Restriction in Mice Induces Food-Anticipatory Activity and Circadian-Rhythm-Related Activity Changes. Nutrients 2022; 14:5252. [PMID: 36558413 PMCID: PMC9782400 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by emaciation, hyperactivity, and amenorrhea. To what extent AN-related symptoms are due to food restriction or neuronal dysfunction is currently unknown. Thus, we investigated the relevance of food restriction on AN-related symptoms. Disrupted circadian rhythms are hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of AN. Starvation was induced by restricting food access in early adolescent or adolescent mice to 40% of their baseline food intake until a 20% weight reduction was reached (acute starvation). To mimic chronic starvation, the reduced weight was maintained for a further 2 weeks. Locomotor activity was analyzed using running wheel sensors. The circadian-rhythm-related activity was measured using the tracking system Goblotrop. Amenorrhea was determined by histological examination of vaginal smears. All cohorts showed an increase in locomotor activity up to 4 h before food presentation (food-anticipatory activity, FAA). While amenorrhea was present in all groups except in early adolescent acutely starved mice, hyperactivity was exclusively found in chronically starved groups. Adolescent chronically starved mice showed a decrease in circadian-rhythm-related activity at night. Chronic starvation most closely mimics AN-related behavioral changes. It appears that the FAA is a direct consequence of starvation. The circadian activity changes might underlie the pathophysiology of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Gabloffsky
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sadaf Gill
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anna Staffeld
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Salomon
- Institute of Applied Microelectronics and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole Power Guerra
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sarah Joost
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Linda Frintrop
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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5
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Power Guerra N, Leyens K, Müller L, Brauer D, Janowitz D, Schlick S, Pilz K, Grabe HJ, Vollmar B, Kuhla A. The effect of different weight loss strategies to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease focusing on fibroblast growth factor 21. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935805. [PMID: 36034917 PMCID: PMC9399780 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity, often associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is characterized by an imbalance between energy expenditure and food intake, which is also reflected by desensitization of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). FGF21 is strongly influenced, among others, by TNFα, which is known to be upregulated in obesity-induced inflammation. Successful long-term treatments of NAFLD might be dietary modification, exercise, or fasting. Materials and methods Whether succeeded NAFLD recovery is linked with improved FGF21 sensitivity and finally reverted FGF21 resistance was the focus of the present study. For this purpose, mice received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 months to establish obesity. Afterward, the mice were subjected to three different weight loss interventions, namely, dietary change to low-fat diet (LFD), treadmill training, and/or time-restricted feeding for additional 6 months, whereas one group remained on HFD. Results In addition to the expected decrease in NAFLD activity with dietary change, this was also observed in the HFD group with additional time-restricted feeding. There was also an associated decrease in hepatic TNFα and FGF21 expression and an increase in ß-klotho expression, demonstrated mainly by using principal component analysis. Pearson correlation analysis shows that independent of any intervention, TNFα expression decreased with improved NAFLD recovery. This was accompanied with higher FGF21 sensitivity, as expressed by an increase in β-klotho and FGFR1c expression and concomitantly decreased FGF21 levels. Conclusion In summary, we conclude that successful NAFLD therapy is associated with a reversion of the TNFα-triggered FGF21-resistant state or desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Power Guerra
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Leyens
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luisa Müller
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - David Brauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Samin Schlick
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Kristin Pilz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Angela Kuhla
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Power Guerra N, Parveen A, Bühler D, Brauer DL, Müller L, Pilz K, Witt M, Glass Ä, Bajorat R, Janowitz D, Wolkenhauer O, Vollmar B, Kuhla A. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 as a Potential Biomarker for Improved Locomotion and Olfaction Detection Ability after Weight Reduction in Obese Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092916. [PMID: 34578793 PMCID: PMC8470262 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most challenging diseases of the 21st century and is accompanied by behavioural disorders. Exercise, dietary adjustments, or time-restricted feeding are the only successful long-term treatments to date. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a key role in dietary regulation, but FGF21 resistance is prevalent in obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate in obese mice whether weight reduction leads to improved behaviour and whether these behavioural changes are associated with decreased plasma FGF21 levels. After establishing a model for diet-induced obesity, mice were subjected to three different interventions for weight reduction, namely dietary change, treadmill exercise, or time-restricted feeding. In this study, we demonstrated that only the combination of dietary change and treadmill exercise affected all parameters leading to a reduction in weight, fat, and FGF21, as well as less anxious behaviour, higher overall activity, and improved olfactory detection abilities. To investigate the interrelationship between FGF21 and behavioural parameters, feature selection algorithms were applied designating FGF21 and body weight as one of five highly weighted features. In conclusion, we concluded from the complementary methods that FGF21 can be considered as a potential biomarker for improved behaviour in obese mice after weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Power Guerra
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 69a, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.P.G.); (A.P.); (D.B.); (L.M.); (B.V.)
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Centre, Gertrudenstraße 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Alisha Parveen
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 69a, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.P.G.); (A.P.); (D.B.); (L.M.); (B.V.)
| | - Daniel Bühler
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 69a, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.P.G.); (A.P.); (D.B.); (L.M.); (B.V.)
| | - David Leon Brauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Ulmenstraße 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (D.L.B.); (O.W.)
| | - Luisa Müller
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 69a, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.P.G.); (A.P.); (D.B.); (L.M.); (B.V.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Rostock University Medical Centre, Gehlsheimerstraße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Centre, Gehlsheimerstraße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kristin Pilz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (K.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Martin Witt
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Centre, Gertrudenstraße 9, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Änne Glass
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics, Rostock University Medical Centre, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Rika Bajorat
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (K.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Ulmenstraße 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (D.L.B.); (O.W.)
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 69a, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.P.G.); (A.P.); (D.B.); (L.M.); (B.V.)
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Centre, Gehlsheimerstraße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Angela Kuhla
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Schillingallee 69a, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.P.G.); (A.P.); (D.B.); (L.M.); (B.V.)
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Centre, Gehlsheimerstraße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-381-494-2503
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7
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Müller L, Power Guerra N, Stenzel J, Rühlmann C, Lindner T, Krause BJ, Vollmar B, Teipel S, Kuhla A. Long-Term Caloric Restriction Attenuates β-Amyloid Neuropathology and Is Accompanied by Autophagy in APPswe/PS1delta9 Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030985. [PMID: 33803798 PMCID: PMC8003277 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) slows the aging process, extends lifespan, and exerts neuroprotective effects. It is widely accepted that CR attenuates β-amyloid (Aβ) neuropathology in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by so-far unknown mechanisms. One promising process induced by CR is autophagy, which is known to degrade aggregated proteins such as amyloids. In addition, autophagy positively regulates glucose uptake and may improve cerebral hypometabolism-a hallmark of AD-and, consequently, neural activity. To evaluate this hypothesis, APPswe/PS1delta9 (tg) mice and their littermates (wild-type, wt) underwent CR for either 16 or 68 weeks. Whereas short-term CR for 16 weeks revealed no noteworthy changes of AD phenotype in tg mice, long-term CR for 68 weeks showed beneficial effects. Thus, cerebral glucose metabolism and neuronal integrity were markedly increased upon 68 weeks CR in tg mice, indicated by an elevated hippocampal fluorodeoxyglucose [18F] ([18F]FDG) uptake and increased N-acetylaspartate-to-creatine ratio using positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) imaging and magnet resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Improved neuronal activity and integrity resulted in a better cognitive performance within the Morris Water Maze. Moreover, CR for 68 weeks caused a significant increase of LC3BII and p62 protein expression, showing enhanced autophagy. Additionally, a significant decrease of Aβ plaques in tg mice in the hippocampus was observed, accompanied by reduced microgliosis as indicated by significantly decreased numbers of iba1-positive cells. In summary, long-term CR revealed an overall neuroprotective effect in tg mice. Further, this study shows, for the first time, that CR-induced autophagy in tg mice accompanies the observed attenuation of Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Müller
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Medical University Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (L.M.); (N.P.G.); (C.R.); (B.V.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany;
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole Power Guerra
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Medical University Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (L.M.); (N.P.G.); (C.R.); (B.V.)
| | - Jan Stenzel
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.S.); (T.L.); (B.J.K.)
| | - Claire Rühlmann
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Medical University Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (L.M.); (N.P.G.); (C.R.); (B.V.)
| | - Tobias Lindner
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.S.); (T.L.); (B.J.K.)
| | - Bernd J. Krause
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.S.); (T.L.); (B.J.K.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Medical University Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (L.M.); (N.P.G.); (C.R.); (B.V.)
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.S.); (T.L.); (B.J.K.)
| | - Stefan Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany;
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)–Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock and 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Angela Kuhla
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Medical University Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (L.M.); (N.P.G.); (C.R.); (B.V.)
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-381-494-2503
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Power Guerra N, Müller L, Pilz K, Glatzel A, Jenderny D, Janowitz D, Vollmar B, Kuhla A. Dietary-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation in the Liver. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120587. [PMID: 33317065 PMCID: PMC7763065 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature describes a close correlation between metabolic disorders and abnormal immune responses, like low-grade inflammation (LGI), which may be one mechanistic link between obesity and various comorbidities, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In our study, we investigated the influence of dietary composition on obesity-derived LGI in the liver. We used a dietary induced obesity mouse model of C57BL/6J mice fed with high fat diet (HFD, 60% fat, 20% protein, 20% carbohydrates) and two different controls. One was rich in carbohydrates (10% fat, 20% protein, 70% carbohydrates), further referred to as the control diet (CD), and the other one is referred to as the standard diet (SD), with a more balanced macronutrient content (9% fat, 33% protein, 58% carbohydrates). Our results showed a significant increased NAFLD activity score in HFD compared to both controls, but livers of the CD group also differed in their macroscopic appearance from healthy livers. Hepatic fat content showed significantly elevated cholesterol concentrations in the CD group. Histologic analysis of the cellular immune response in the liver showed no difference between HFD and CD and expression analysis of immunologic mediators like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha also point towards a pro-inflammatory response to CD, comparable to LGI in HFD. Therefore, when studying diet-induced obesity with a focus on inflammatory processes, we encourage researchers to carefully select controls and not use a control diet disproportionally rich in carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Power Guerra
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Medical University Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.P.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (D.J.); (B.V.)
| | - Luisa Müller
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Medical University Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.P.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (D.J.); (B.V.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kristin Pilz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (K.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Annika Glatzel
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Medical University Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.P.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (D.J.); (B.V.)
| | - Daniel Jenderny
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Medical University Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.P.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (D.J.); (B.V.)
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (K.P.); (D.J.)
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Medical University Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.P.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (D.J.); (B.V.)
| | - Angela Kuhla
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute for Experimental Surgery, Medical University Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (N.P.G.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (D.J.); (B.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-381-494-2503
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Abstract
AIMS Production of a nisin-containing cellophane-based coating to be used in the packaging of chopped meat. METHODS AND RESULTS The adsorption of nisin to cellophane 'P' type surface was studied at 8, 25, 40 and 60 degrees C using different concentrations of nisin. Then, the antimicrobial activity of adsorbed nisin to cellophane surface was determined in fresh veal meat for effectiveness in reducing the total aerobic bacteria. The adsorption of nisin to cellophane was higher at 8 degrees C. The developed bioactive cellophane reduced significantly the growth of the total aerobic bacteria (by ca 1.5 log units) through 12 days of storage at 4 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS Bioactive cellophane packaging could be used for controlling the microbial growth in chopped meat. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Nisin-adsorbed bioactive cellophane would result in an extension of the shelf life of chopped meat under refrigeration temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Guerra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo. As Lagoas, Ourense, Spain
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Abstract
AIMS To develop a kinetic model for describing the specific effect of pH drop on nisin and pediocin production in whey. METHODS AND RESULTS The effect of pH drop on both bacteriocin productions was tested in non-buffered whey and whey buffered at initial pH 6.3 with 0.03, 0.10 and 0.25 mol l-1 of potassium hydrogen phthalate-NaOH. An accurate description of the experimental data of nisin and pediocin obtained at different pH drops is obtained with the proposed model. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model was able to typify both bacteriocins as pH-dependent primary metabolites. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The decisive role of pH drop for bacteriocin production on whey was demonstrated and modelled. This study contributes to a better understanding of underlying metabolic regulatory mechanisms, which could facilitate the optimization of bacteriocin production for upscaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Guerra
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Vigo University, Ourense, Spain
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Abstract
AIMS Optimization of bacteriocin production by L. lactis subsp. lactis CECT 539 and Ped. acidilactici NRRL B-5627 on mussel-processing wastes. METHODS AND RESULTS The concentrations of glucose and five nitrogen sources that optimize nisin and pediocin production were determined using a second order orthogonal factorial design. NH4Cl, glycine and glutamic acid were poor nitrogen sources. Enhanced pediocin and nisin productions were achieved in a medium supplemented with yeast extract or Bacto casitone. CONCLUSIONS Mussel-processing wastes could be successfully used as a culture medium for bacteriocin production at low production cost. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Average optimization led to a threefold increase in pediocin production (from 322 to 934 BU ml(-1)) and in nisin production (from 32 to 100 BU ml(-1)) when compared with the unsupplemented medium. For this reason, mussel-processing waste warrants further investigation due to its potential use as a cheap culture medium for upscaling bacteriocin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Guerra
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Vigo University, Spain
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Abstract
The ability of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CECT 539 and Pediococcus acidilactici NRRL B-5627 to produce bacteriocins on both diluted and concentrated whey was investigated in batch fermentations. Both strains produced the higher amounts of biomass and bacteriocin titres on diluted whey. Luedeking and Piret expression was able to model the production of nisin, which was produced as a primary metabolite on both culture media. However, the pediocin production could not be typified in any case due to the negligible growth of P. acidilactici. Although the whey supported the growth and bacteriocin production by the two strains, both biomass and bacteriocin productions were lower than those obtained on MRS broth. The effect of total sugar, nitrogen, phosphorous and buffer concentrations on the production of nisin and pediocin was studied in diluted whey using factorial experiments and empirical modelling. The production of nisin was greatly inhibited by the increase in nitrogen, buffer, and to a lesser extent, sugar concentration in the medium, nevertheless, the used phosphorous source produced a light stimulatory effect on bacteriocin synthesis. In addition, the growth of Lc 1.04 was mainly affected by the nitrogen source used. On the other hand, pediocin was inhibited by the increase in buffer, phosphorous, and to a lesser degree, by the sugar and nitrogen concentration. The inhibitory activity of pediocin disappeared almost totally after 15 min of treatment with trypsin, papain, subtilisin and pepsin. The activity of nisin was drastically reduced by treatment with trypsin, subtilisin and pepsin. Nevertheless, 50% of the initial activity was retained when nisin was treated with papain. Both bacteriocins showed the highest heat stability at acidic pH and short incubation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Guerra
- Departamento de Bioquímica Xenética e Inmunología, Facultade de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagos, Spain
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