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Long N, Le Gresley A, Wozniak A, Brough S, Wren SP. Synthesis and evaluation of druglike parameters via in silico techniques for a series of heterocyclic monosquarate-amide derivatives as potential carboxylic acid bioisosteres. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117565. [PMID: 38142561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a synthetic compound library comprising of 13 structurally diverse heterocyclic monosquarate-amide derivatives. The compounds featured in this library were designed as potential bioisosteric replacements carboxylic acid moiety's. A good selection of the compounds presented exhibit unique molecular architecture and have shown promising results following in silico evaluation of 'druglike properties' using Swiss ADME. The research presented in this work focuses on the preparation of derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione, a known carboxylic acid bioisostere.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Long
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
| | - A Le Gresley
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - A Wozniak
- Asynt, Unit 29 Hall Barn Road Industrial Estate, Isleham, Cambridgeshire CB7 5RJ, United Kingdom
| | - S Brough
- Key Organics Ltd, Highfield Road Industrial Estate Camelford, Cornwall PL32 9RA, United Kingdom
| | - S P Wren
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
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Chen M, Li H, Peng H, Xiong X, Long N. HPCDNet: Hybrid position coding and dual-frquency domain transform network for low-light image enhancement. Math Biosci Eng 2024; 21:1917-1937. [PMID: 38454668 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Low-light image enhancement (LLIE) improves lighting to obtain natural normal-light images from images captured under poor illumination. However, existing LLIE methods do not effectively utilize positional and frequency domain image information. To address this limitation, we proposed an end-to-end low-light image enhancement network called HPCDNet. HPCDNet uniquely integrates a hybrid positional coding technique into the self-attention mechanism by appending hybrid positional codes to the query and key, which better retains spatial positional information in the image. The hybrid positional coding can adaptively emphasize important local structures to improve modeling of spatial dependencies within low-light images. Meanwhile, frequency domain image information lost under low-light is recovered via discrete wavelet and cosine transforms. The resulting two frequency domain feature types are weighted and merged using a dual-attention module. More effective use of frequency domain information enhances the network's ability to recreate details, improving visual quality of enhanced low-light images. Experiments demonstrated that our approach can heighten visibility, contrast and color properties of low-light images while better preserving details and textures than previous techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingju Chen
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644002, China
- Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644002, China
| | - Hongyang Li
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644002, China
| | - Hongming Peng
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644002, China
| | - Xingzhong Xiong
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644002, China
- Artificial Intelligence Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644002, China
| | - Ning Long
- School of Network & Communication Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu 611730, China
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Lefebvre F, Rogowski I, Long N, Blache Y. Influence of marker weights optimization on scapular kinematics estimated with a multibody kinematic optimization. J Biomech 2023; 159:111795. [PMID: 37699272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Scapular kinematic estimates are altered by soft tissue artefacts, therefore experimental and numerical methods should be developed to improve their accuracy. This study aimed to assess the influence of weights applied to the scapula markers within a closed-loop multibody kinematic optimization on scapular kinematic estimates. Fifteen healthy volunteers performed static postures mimicking analytical, daily living and sport movements. Scapulo-thoracic angles were computed either from a scapula locator as the reference, or from a closed-loop multibody-kinematic optimization (MKO) including a participant-specific point-on-ellipsoid scapulothoracic joint. Weights applied to scapula markers in the MKO were optimized to minimize the difference in scapular orientation from the reference. Optimizing weighting sets significantly (p < 0.0001) improved scapular orientation from 0.9° to 12.1° in comparison to scapular kinematics estimated with non-optimized weighting sets. The mean optimized weighting set contained no neglectable weight for all markers from the acromion to the medial border of the scapular spine but showed no significant difference (p = 0.547) compared to homogeneous weights. Optimized weighting sets were participant- and movement- specific. To conclude, homogenous weights applied on redundant markers located from acromion to scapular medial border spine are recommended when estimating scapular kinematics in upper limb MKO.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lefebvre
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, UR 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; TRINOMA, Villefort, France.
| | - I Rogowski
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, UR 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - N Long
- TRINOMA, Villefort, France
| | - Y Blache
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, UR 7424, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Baron K, Stenger E, Chen X, Long N, Stanczak H, Ullman M, Szabolcs P. Evaluation of buffers to optimize thawing of cryopreserved products for regulatory T cell isolation. Cytotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465324921005557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Long N, Ran C, Sun J, Hao CJ, Sui YB, Li J, Shi YX, Zou ZX, Qu YH. Correlation study between the magnetic resonance imaging features of breast cancer and expression of immune molecular subtypes. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:11518-11527. [PMID: 33275218 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202011_23793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between breast cancer magnetic resonance imaging features and immune molecular subtypes. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 129 breast cancer patients were selected as the research object. All the patients were diagnosed by histopathology. All of them had breast magnetic resonance imaging and examination data of immunohistochemical (IHC) ER, PR, HER-2, and Ki-67. The correlation of breast cancer magnetic resonance imaging features with different immune molecular subtypes was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Breast cancer is divided into different molecular subtypes. There were 72 cases with Luminal A type (55.81%), 20 cases with Luminal B type (15.50%), 14 cases with HER-2+ type (HER-2 type for over-expression) (10.85%), 23 cases with TNBC type (ER, PR and HER-2 were negative) (17.84%). The magnetic resonance imaging features of breast cancer were included, the post-enhanced morphology, margins, internal enhancement features, time-signal intensity curve (TIC) and molecular subtype expression of lesions were significantly correlated with the immune molecular subtypes (C=0.602, 0.439, 0.350 and 0.407, p=0.000, 0.000, 0.006 and 0.000). Lesion morphology: Luminal A type was mainly oval, accounting for 76.39% (55/76). Luminal B type and HER-2+ type was mainly irregular, accounting for 75.00% (15/20) and 64.29% (9/14) respectively. TNBC type was mainly shown as lobulation, accounting for 60.87% (14/23). Margin of the lesion: Luminal A type was mainly smooth margin, accounting for 73.61% (53/72). Luminal B type and TNBC type were mainly irregular margin, accounting for 70.00% (14/20) and 56.52% (13/23) respectively. The margin of HER-2+ type was mainly spiculation, accounting for 64.29% (9/14). The internal enhancement features: Luminal A type was mainly even enhancement, accounting for 62.50% (45/72). Luminal B type and HER-2+ type were mainly heterogeneous enhancement, accounting for 65.00% (13/20) and 64.29% (9/14) respectively. TNBC type was mainly annular enhancement, accounting for 73.91% (17/23). TIC type: Luminal A type was mainly Type II, accounting for 66.67% (48/72). Luminal B, HER-2+ type and TNBC type was mainly Type III, accounting for 70.00% (14/20), 64.29% (9/14) and 60.87% (14/23) respectively. The clinical signs include painless breast lumps, bloody breast discharge, and orange peel-like skin changes, nipple retraction and nipple elevation. There is no significant correlation between the above signs and the expression of molecular subtypes (C=0.014, 0.129, 0.154, 0.097 and 0.057, p=0.999, 0.533, 0.447, 0.747 and 0.935 respectively), the difference is not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of breast cancer magnetic resonance imaging was certainly correlated with the expression of immune molecular subtypes. The breast cancer molecular subtypes can be predicted by the imaging signs, which can provide valuable information for preoperative neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Long
- Department of Medical Image, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China.
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Zhang YW, Qu HB, Long N, Leng XY, Liu YQ, Yang Y. A rare mutant of OFD1 gene responsible for Joubert syndrome with significant phenotype variation. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 296:33-40. [PMID: 32944789 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JBTS), a rare genetic disorder resulted from primary cilium defects or basal-body dysfunction, is characterized by agenesis of cerebellar vermis and abnormal brain stem. Both genotypes and phenotypes of JBTS are highly heterogeneous. The identification of pathogenic gene variation is essential for making a definite diagnosis on JBTS. Here, we found that hypoplasia of cerebellar vermis occurred in three male members in a Chinese family. Then, we performed whole exome sequencing to identify a novel missense mutation c.599T > C (p. L200P) in the OFD1 gene which is the candidate gene of X-linked JBTS (JBST10). The following analysis showed that the variant was absent in the 1000 Genomes, ExAC and the 200 female controls; the position 200 Leucine residue was highly conserved across species; the missense variant was predicted to be deleterious using PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, SIFT and Mutation Taster. The OFD1 expression was heavily lower in the proband and an induced male fetus compared with a healthy male with a wild-type OFD1 gene. The in vitro expression analysis of transiently transfecting c.599T or c.599C plasmids into HEK-293T cells confirmed that the missense mutation caused OFD1 reduction at the protein level. And further the mutated OFD1 decreased the level of Gli1 protein, a read-out of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling essential for development of central neural system. A known pathogenic variant c.515T > C (p. L172P) showed the similar results. All of these observations suggested that the missense mutation causes the loss function of OFD1, resulting in SHH signaling impairs and brain development abnormality. In addition, the three patients have Dandy-Walker malformation, macrogyria and tetralogy of Fallot, respectively, the latter two of which are firstly found in JBTS10 patients. In conclusion, our findings expand the context of genotype and phenotype in the JBTS10 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Medical Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Hai-Bo Qu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Department of Radiology, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ning Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Clinical Institute of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiang-You Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Medical Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Medical Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Medical Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Qu YH, Long N, Ran C, Sun J. The correlation of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters, clinicopathological factors, and prognosis in breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:620-627. [PMID: 32683540 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02457-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the imaging parameters of 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose (18F-FDG) in breast cancer on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)-the correlation of clinical pathological factors and prognosis among the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of lesions for patients. METHODS From January 2012 to December 2014, a total of 125 female patients were treated in our hospital for the first time and were diagnosed as breast cancer by histopathology. They were selected as the research subjects. All of them had complete 18F-FDG PET/CT examination data before surgery, the postoperative clinicopathological information, and follow-up data. They were divided into the event group (38 cases) and the event-free group (87 cases) according to whether local recurrence or distant metastasis occurred after the follow-up, with the follow-up time 4-60 months. The correlation on 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters of breast cancer with clinicopathological factors and prognosis was retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS The primary lesions of 125 cases with breast cancers all had higher 18F-FDG uptake, and the SUVmax, MTV, and TLG of the primary tumors in the event group were significantly higher than those in the event-free group (t = 2.645, 2.782, 15.263, p = 0.011, 0.008, 0.000), p < 0.05; SUVmax, MTV, and TLG of primary breast cancer have no correlation with age and tumor site of patient (p > 0.05); there were statistically significant differences in the SUVmax, MTV, and TLG of primary tumor in the comparison of different tumor size, T stage, N stage, and histological grades (p < 0.05); all of SUVmax, MTV, and TLG in the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) positive groups were lower than those in the negative group, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05); the SUVmax, MTV, and TLG of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive group, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Ki-67) high expression group were higher than those in the negative group and low expression group, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). There were 38 recurrence and metastasis cases within 125 cases with breast cancer in 5 years after operation, with the total recurrence and metastasis rate as 30.40% (38/125). The event-free survival rate in the SUVmax ≥ 8.64 group was significantly lower than that in the SUVmax < 8.64 group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT in breast cancer can reflect the biological behavior of the tumor indirectly; therefore, it was studied on the related correlation to provide the guidance of clinical individualized comprehensive treatment and prognostic judgment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H Qu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qindao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - N Long
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qindao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - C Ran
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qindao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - J Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qindao University, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000, China.
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Zhu M, Li R, Lai M, Ye H, Long N, Ye J, Wang J. Copper nanoparticles incorporating a cationic surfactant-graphene modified carbon paste electrode for the simultaneous determination of gatifloxacin and pefloxacin. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Arbour K, Shen R, Plodkowski A, Rizvi H, Ni A, Long N, Halpenny D, Sanchez-Vega F, Rudin C, Riely G, Hellmann M. MA19.09 Concurrent Mutations in STK11 and KEAP1 is Associated with Resistance to PD-(L)1 Blockade in Patients with NSCLC Despite High TMB. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Derosa L, Hellmann MD, Spaziano M, Halpenny D, Fidelle M, Rizvi H, Long N, Plodkowski AJ, Arbour KC, Chaft JE, Rouche JA, Zitvogel L, Zalcman G, Albiges L, Escudier B, Routy B. Negative association of antibiotics on clinical activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced renal cell and non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:1437-1444. [PMID: 29617710 PMCID: PMC6354674 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The composition of gut microbiota affects antitumor immune responses, preclinical and clinical outcome following immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer. Antibiotics (ATB) alter gut microbiota diversity and composition leading to dysbiosis, which may affect effectiveness of ICI. Patients and methods We examined patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 mAb monotherapy or combination at two academic institutions. Those receiving ATB within 30 days of beginning ICI were compared with those who did not. Objective response, progression-free survival (PFS) determined by RECIST1.1 and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Results Sixteen of 121 (13%) RCC patients and 48 of 239 (20%) NSCLC patients received ATB. The most common ATB were β-lactam or quinolones for pneumonia or urinary tract infections. In RCC patients, ATB compared with no ATB was associated with increased risk of primary progressive disease (PD) (75% versus 22%, P < 0.01), shorter PFS [median 1.9 versus 7.4 months, hazard ratio (HR) 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-6.9, P < 0.01], and shorter OS (median 17.3 versus 30.6 months, HR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1-10.8, P = 0.03). In NSCLC patients, ATB was associated with similar rates of primary PD (52% versus 43%, P = 0.26) but decreased PFS (median 1.9 versus 3.8 months, HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2, P = 0.03) and OS (median 7.9 versus 24.6 months, HR 4.4, 95% CI 2.6-7.7, P < 0.01). In multivariate analyses, the impact of ATB remained significant for PFS in RCC and for OS in NSCLC. Conclusion ATB were associated with reduced clinical benefit from ICI in RCC and NSCLC. Modulatation of ATB-related dysbiosis and gut microbiota composition may be a strategy to improve clinical outcomes with ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Derosa
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015; Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M D Hellmann
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, New York, USA
| | - M Spaziano
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - D Halpenny
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - M Fidelle
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015; Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - H Rizvi
- Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - N Long
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - A J Plodkowski
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - K C Arbour
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - J E Chaft
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - J A Rouche
- Department of Imaging, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - L Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015; Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - G Zalcman
- Thoracic Oncology Department-CIC1425/CLIP2 Paris-Nord, Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, University Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - L Albiges
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Immunologie Intégrative des Tumeurs et Génétique Oncologique, GRCC, Villejuif, France
| | - B Escudier
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Immunologie Intégrative des Tumeurs et Génétique Oncologique, GRCC, Villejuif, France
| | - B Routy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015; Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada.
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Skoulidis F, Albacker L, Hellmann M, Awad M, Gainor J, Goldberg M, Schrock A, Gay L, Elvin J, Ross J, Rizvi H, Carter B, Erasmus J, Halpenny D, Plodkowski A, Long N, Nishino-Habatu M, Denning W, Rodriguez-Canales J, Villalobos P, Cuentas EP, Sholl L, Sauter J, Elamin Y, Zhang J, Leonardi G, Wong K, Stephens P, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Wistuba I, Wolchok J, Shaw A, Jänne P, Rudin C, Miller V, Heymach J. MA 05.02 STK11/LKB1 Loss of Function Genomic Alterations Predict Primary Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 Axis Blockade in KRAS-Mutant NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Long N, Tchekneva E, Antonucci A, Carbone D, Magliery T, Mikhail D. Reagents Based on Notch Ligands as a Novel Type of Immunotherapeutics. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Beauchamp S, Borkon A, Karl K, Aggarwal S, Kao A, Magalski A, Allen K, Austin B, Khumari T, Lawhorn S, Long N, Wang J, Davis R, Thompson E, Pak A. Cocaine Use Does Not Contribute to Accelerated CAD as Determined by Angiography or IVUS. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Long N, Liu N, Liu X, Li J, Cai B, Cai X. Endometrial expression of telomerase, progesterone, and estrogen receptors during the implantation window in patients with recurrent implantation failure. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7849. [DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15027849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Long N, Yerly C, Perey L. Mesure de la complexité de la prise en charge et de l’évaluation contextuelle du patient dans un service d’oncologie ambulatoire, une approche novatrice avec INTERMED. PSYCHO-ONCOLOGIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11839-015-0515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Long N, Ng S, Donnelly G, Owens M, McNicholas M, McCarthy K, McCaul C. Anatomical characterisation of the cricothyroid membrane in females of childbearing age using computed tomography. Int J Obstet Anesth 2014; 23:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ornella L, Pérez P, Tapia E, González-Camacho JM, Burgueño J, Zhang X, Singh S, Vicente FS, Bonnett D, Dreisigacker S, Singh R, Long N, Crossa J. Genomic-enabled prediction with classification algorithms. Heredity (Edinb) 2014; 112:616-26. [PMID: 24424163 PMCID: PMC4023444 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pearson's correlation coefficient (ρ) is the most commonly reported metric of the success of prediction in genomic selection (GS). However, in real breeding ρ may not be very useful for assessing the quality of the regression in the tails of the distribution, where individuals are chosen for selection. This research used 14 maize and 16 wheat data sets with different trait–environment combinations. Six different models were evaluated by means of a cross-validation scheme (50 random partitions each, with 90% of the individuals in the training set and 10% in the testing set). The predictive accuracy of these algorithms for selecting individuals belonging to the best α=10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40% of the distribution was estimated using Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) and an ad hoc measure, which we call relative efficiency (RE), which indicates the expected genetic gain due to selection when individuals are selected based on GS exclusively. We put special emphasis on the analysis for α=15%, because it is a percentile commonly used in plant breeding programmes (for example, at CIMMYT). We also used ρ as a criterion for overall success. The algorithms used were: Bayesian LASSO (BL), Ridge Regression (RR), Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RHKS), Random Forest Regression (RFR), and Support Vector Regression (SVR) with linear (lin) and Gaussian kernels (rbf). The performance of regression methods for selecting the best individuals was compared with that of three supervised classification algorithms: Random Forest Classification (RFC) and Support Vector Classification (SVC) with linear (lin) and Gaussian (rbf) kernels. Classification methods were evaluated using the same cross-validation scheme but with the response vector of the original training sets dichotomised using a given threshold. For α=15%, SVC-lin presented the highest κ coefficients in 13 of the 14 maize data sets, with best values ranging from 0.131 to 0.722 (statistically significant in 9 data sets) and the best RE in the same 13 data sets, with values ranging from 0.393 to 0.948 (statistically significant in 12 data sets). RR produced the best mean for both κ and RE in one data set (0.148 and 0.381, respectively). Regarding the wheat data sets, SVC-lin presented the best κ in 12 of the 16 data sets, with outcomes ranging from 0.280 to 0.580 (statistically significant in 4 data sets) and the best RE in 9 data sets ranging from 0.484 to 0.821 (statistically significant in 5 data sets). SVC-rbf (0.235), RR (0.265) and RHKS (0.422) gave the best κ in one data set each, while RHKS and BL tied for the last one (0.234). Finally, BL presented the best RE in two data sets (0.738 and 0.750), RFR (0.636) and SVC-rbf (0.617) in one and RHKS in the remaining three (0.502, 0.458 and 0.586). The difference between the performance of SVC-lin and that of the rest of the models was not so pronounced at higher percentiles of the distribution. The behaviour of regression and classification algorithms varied markedly when selection was done at different thresholds, that is, κ and RE for each algorithm depended strongly on the selection percentile. Based on the results, we propose classification method as a promising alternative for GS in plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ornella
- French-Argentine International Center for Information and Systems Sciences (CIFASIS), Rosario, Argentina
| | - P Pérez
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Edo. de México, México DF, Mexico
| | - E Tapia
- French-Argentine International Center for Information and Systems Sciences (CIFASIS), Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - J Burgueño
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México DF, Mexico
| | - X Zhang
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México DF, Mexico
| | - S Singh
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México DF, Mexico
| | - F S Vicente
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México DF, Mexico
| | - D Bonnett
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México DF, Mexico
| | - S Dreisigacker
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México DF, Mexico
| | - R Singh
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México DF, Mexico
| | - N Long
- Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Crossa
- Biometrics and Statistics Unit, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México DF, Mexico
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Long N, Ng S, Donnelly G, Owens M, McNicholas M, McCarthy K, McCaul C. Anatomical characterisation of the cricothyroid membrane in females of childbearing age using computed tomography. Int J Obstet Anesth 2013; 23:10-7. [PMID: 24291169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the event of failure to secure the airway by conventional means, it may be necessary to perform invasive airway access via the cricothyroid membrane. No studies have addressed anatomy of this structure in the obstetric population. We aimed to review the anatomical variation of this structure in a population of childbearing age. METHODS We searched the radiology database for computed tomography studies of the neck performed in a 13-month period in consecutive patients aged 15-55 years. Studies on 18 females and 22 males were reviewed. Male patients were included for comparison. Data were reconstructed using a high spatial frequency algorithm to optimise spatial resolution. Five parameters were measured: distance from the skin to the membrane, maximum midline height of the membrane in the vertical plane, maximum transverse diameter of the membrane, neck diameter and cartilaginous calcification. RESULTS The distance (mean range) from skin to the membrane was similar in females and males (16.2 [3-33] vs. 13.9 [3-37] mm, P = 0.42). The vertical height (9.9 [7-17] vs. 11.4 [8-15] mm, P = 0.04) and maximum width of the membrane (14.5 [10-17] mm vs. 12.5 [10-15] mm, P < 0.01) were greater in males. Cartilaginous calcification was low and did not differ between genders. CONCLUSIONS The cricothyroid membrane is not necessarily a superficial structure and consequently may be difficult to palpate. The smallest dimensions of the membrane indicate that smaller than recommended cricothyroidotomy devices may be required in some patients as the external diameter of commercial trocar devices and tracheal tubes may exceed 7 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Long
- Department of Radiology, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Ng
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Donnelly
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Anaesthesia, Mater Misericordiae, University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Owens
- Department of Anaesthesia, Mater Misericordiae, University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M McNicholas
- Department of Radiology, The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K McCarthy
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C McCaul
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Anaesthesia, Mater Misericordiae, University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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Boligon AA, Long N, Albuquerque LG, Weigel KA, Gianola D, Rosa GJM. Comparison of selective genotyping strategies for prediction of breeding values in a population undergoing selection. J Anim Sci 2013; 90:4716-22. [PMID: 23372045 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-4857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomewide marker information can improve the reliability of breeding value predictions for young selection candidates in genomic selection. However, the cost of genotyping limits its use to elite animals, and how such selective genotyping affects predictive ability of genomic selection models is an open question. We performed a simulation study to evaluate the quality of breeding value predictions for selection candidates based on different selective genotyping strategies in a population undergoing selection. The genome consisted of 10 chromosomes of 100 cM each. After 5,000 generations of random mating with a population size of 100 (50 males and 50 females), generation G(0) (reference population) was produced via a full factorial mating between the 50 males and 50 females from generation 5,000. Different levels of selection intensities (animals with the largest yield deviation value) in G(0) or random sampling (no selection) were used to produce offspring of G(0) generation (G(1)). Five genotyping strategies were used to choose 500 animals in G(0) to be genotyped: 1) Random: randomly selected animals, 2) Top: animals with largest yield deviation values, 3) Bottom: animals with lowest yield deviations values, 4) Extreme: animals with the 250 largest and the 250 lowest yield deviations values, and 5) Less Related: less genetically related animals. The number of individuals in G(0) and G(1) was fixed at 2,500 each, and different levels of heritability were considered (0.10, 0.25, and 0.50). Additionally, all 5 selective genotyping strategies (Random, Top, Bottom, Extreme, and Less Related) were applied to an indicator trait in generation G(0,) and the results were evaluated for the target trait in generation G(1), with the genetic correlation between the 2 traits set to 0.50. The 5 genotyping strategies applied to individuals in G(0) (reference population) were compared in terms of their ability to predict the genetic values of the animals in G(1) (selection candidates). Lower correlations between genomic-based estimates of breeding values (GEBV) and true breeding values (TBV) were obtained when using the Bottom strategy. For Random, Extreme, and Less Related strategies, the correlation between GEBV and TBV became slightly larger as selection intensity decreased and was largest when no selection occurred. These 3 strategies were better than the Top approach. In addition, the Extreme, Random, and Less Related strategies had smaller predictive mean squared errors (PMSE) followed by the Top and Bottom methods. Overall, the Extreme genotyping strategy led to the best predictive ability of breeding values, indicating that animals with extreme yield deviations values in a reference population are the most informative when training genomic selection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Boligon
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-000, Brazil.
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Boligon AA, Long N, Albuquerque LG, Weigel KA, Gianola D, Rosa GJM. Comparison of selective genotyping strategies for prediction of breeding values in a population undergoing selection. J Anim Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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O'Cathail S, O'Connell O, Long N, Morgan M, Eustace J, Plant B, Hourihane J. Association of cigarette smoking with drug use and risk taking behaviour in Irish teenagers. Addict Behav 2011; 36:547-50. [PMID: 21315520 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking has been shown to act as a 'gateway' to cannabis use and further risk taking behaviours. This study aims to (1) establish the prevalence of cigarette smoking and cannabis use in Irish teenagers, (2) to quantify the strength and significance of the association of cigarette smoking and cannabis use and other high risk behaviours and (3) examine whether the above associations are independent of the extent of social networking. METHODS Adolescent students across five urban, non-fee paying schools completed an abridged European schools survey project on alcohol and other drugs (ESPAD) questionnaire. RESULTS 370/417 (88.7%) students completed the questionnaire. 228 (61.6%) were female, 349 (94.3%) were aged 15-16 years. 48.4% of those surveyed had smoked tobacco at some stage in their lifetime, 18.1% in the last 30 days. 15.1% have used cannabis with 5.7% using it in the last 30 days. 29.6% of cigarette smokers have used cannabis in comparison to 1.6% of non-smokers. On multivariate analysis lifetime cigarette smoking status was independently associated with hard drug use, adjusted OR=6.0, p<0.01; soft drug use, adjusted OR=4.6, p<0.01 and high risk sex practises, adjusted OR=10.6, p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking prevalence remains high in Irish teenagers and is significantly associated with drug use and other risk taking behaviours. Specific teenage smoking cessation strategies need to be developed targeting these combined high risk health behaviours.
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Allen K, Borkon A, Aggarwal S, Long N, Jones P, Magalski A, Kao A, Stevens T, Everley M, Lawhorne S, Austin B. 127 Heart Transplantation in Diabetic Versus Non-Diabetics in the Current Era: Have Outcomes Become Equivalent? J Heart Lung Transplant 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2011.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Long N, Gianola D, Rosa G, Weigel K. Dimension reduction and variable selection for genomic selection: application to predicting milk yield in Holsteins. J Anim Breed Genet 2011; 128:247-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2011.00917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Long N, Xing AY, Yang XH, Zhang R, Wu L. [Sequential preparation of microvlllous and basal membranes from human placenta]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2010; 41:329-336. [PMID: 20506665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve the technology of isolating paired fractions of the maternal-facing membranes (MVM) and fetal-facing plasma membranes (BM) from a term placenta. METHODS The component of buffer was improved based on Illsley method. The time of Mg2+ -aggregated basal membranes was extended. MVM were obtained from the supernatant of low speed centrifugation while BM were further purified on a sucrose step gradient. RESULTS Yield for MVM and BM prepared by the method were (0.55 +/- 10.10) mg/g and (0.54 +/- 0.02) mg/g wet weight of placenta. They were enriched 16.87-fold and 11.19-fold as determined by the membrane marker enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (MVM) and adenylate cyclase (BM). CONCLUSION The modified Illsley method can easily produce both MVM and BM of satisfied quantity from human placenta. It could be applied as a cell molecular model of maternal-fetal exchange interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Weigel KA, de los Campos G, González-Recio O, Naya H, Wu XL, Long N, Rosa GJM, Gianola D. Predictive ability of direct genomic values for lifetime net merit of Holstein sires using selected subsets of single nucleotide polymorphism markers. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92:5248-57. [PMID: 19762843 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the predictive ability of subsets of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for development of low-cost, low-density genotyping assays in dairy cattle. Dense SNP genotypes of 4,703 Holstein bulls were provided by the USDA Agricultural Research Service. A subset of 3,305 bulls born from 1952 to 1998 was used to fit various models (training set), and a subset of 1,398 bulls born from 1999 to 2002 was used to evaluate their predictive ability (testing set). After editing, data included genotypes for 32,518 SNP and August 2003 and April 2008 predicted transmitting abilities (PTA) for lifetime net merit (LNM$), the latter resulting from progeny testing. The Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method was used to regress August 2003 PTA on marker covariates in the training set to arrive at estimates of marker effects and direct genomic PTA. The coefficient of determination (R(2)) from regressing the April 2008 progeny test PTA of bulls in the testing set on their August 2003 direct genomic PTA was 0.375. Subsets of 300, 500, 750, 1,000, 1,250, 1,500, and 2,000 SNP were created by choosing equally spaced and highly ranked SNP, with the latter based on the absolute value of their estimated effects obtained from the training set. The SNP effects were re-estimated from the training set for each subset of SNP, and the 2008 progeny test PTA of bulls in the testing set were regressed on corresponding direct genomic PTA. The R(2) values for subsets of 300, 500, 750, 1,000, 1,250, 1,500, and 2,000 SNP with largest effects (evenly spaced SNP) were 0.184 (0.064), 0.236 (0.111), 0.269 (0.190), 0.289 (0.179), 0.307 (0.228), 0.313 (0.268), and 0.322 (0.291), respectively. These results indicate that a low-density assay comprising selected SNP could be a cost-effective alternative for selection decisions and that significant gains in predictive ability may be achieved by increasing the number of SNP allocated to such an assay from 300 or fewer to 1,000 or more.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Weigel
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
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Allen K, Borkon A, Zorn G, Kao A, Magalski A, Stuart R, Daon E, Pak A, Long N, St. Clair K. 361: Does Morbid Obesity Adversely Effect Outcomes Following Cardiac Transplantation? J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Long N, Gianola D, Rosa GJM, Weigel KA, Avendaño S. Marker-assisted assessment of genotype by environment interaction: A case study of single nucleotide polymorphism-mortality association in broilers in two hygiene environments1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:3358-66. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Long N, Cai XJ, Song BA, Yang S, Chen Z, Bhadury PS, Hu DY, Jin LH, Xue W. Synthesis and antiviral activities of cyanoacrylate derivatives containing an alpha-aminophosphonate moiety. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:5242-6. [PMID: 18547045 DOI: 10.1021/jf800405m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Target compounds 8 were obtained by the reaction of alkyl 2-cyano-3,3-dimethylthioacrylate or cyarylamide (7a-7e) and alpha-aminobenzylphosphonate (5a-5e) under reflux condition using ethanol as solvent. Their structures were clearly verified by spectroscopic data (IR and 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR) and elemental analysis. These compounds were shown to be antivirally active in the bioassay. It was found that title compounds 8d and 8e had the same inactivation effect against tobacco mosaic virus (EC 50 = 55.5 and 55.3 microg/mL) as the commercial product ningnanmycin (EC 50 = 50.9 microg/mL). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis and antiviral activity of cyanoacrylate derivatives containing an alpha-aminophosphonate moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Long
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
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Long N, Gianola D, Rosa GJM, Weigel KA, Avendaño S. Machine learning classification procedure for selecting SNPs in genomic selection: application to early mortality in broilers. J Anim Breed Genet 2008; 124:377-89. [PMID: 18076475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2007.00694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can identify genetic variants related to complex traits. Typically thousands of SNPs are genotyped, whereas the number of phenotypes for which there is genomic information may be smaller. When predicting phenotypes, options for statistical model building range from incorporating all possible markers into the specification to including only sets of relevant SNPs (features). In the latter case, an efficient method of selecting influential features is required. A two-step feature selection method for binary traits was developed, which consisted of filtering (using information gain), and wrapping (using naïve Bayesian classification). The filter reduces the large number of SNPs to a much smaller size, to facilitate the wrapper step. As the procedure is tailored for discrete outcomes, an approach based on discretization of phenotypic values was developed, to enable feature selection in a classification framework. The method was applied to chick mortality rates (0-14 days of age) on progeny from 201 sires in a commercial broiler line, with the goal of identifying SNPs (over 5000) related to progeny mortality. To mimic a case-control study, sires were clustered into two groups, low and high, according to two arbitrarily chosen mortality rate cut points. By varying these thresholds, 11 different 'case-control' samples were formed, and the SNP selection procedure was applied to each sample. To compare the 11 sets of chosen SNPs, predicted residual sum of squares (PRESS) from a linear model was used. The two-step method improved naïve Bayesian classification accuracy over the case without feature selection (from around 50 to above 90% without and with feature selection in each case-control sample). The best case-control group (63 sires above or below the thresholds) had the smallest PRESS statistic among groups with model p-values below 0.003. The 17 SNPs selected using this group accounted for 31% of the variation in raw mortality rates between sire families.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Long
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Borkon A, Kao A, Zorn G, Stuart R, Daon E, Pak A, Allen K, Stevens T, Magalski A, Lawhorn S, Long N, St. Clair K, Walker B. 251: Importance of Tricuspid Annuloplasty at the Time of Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2007.11.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Long N, Gianola D, Rosa GJM, Weigel KA, Avendano S. Machine learning classification procedure for selecting SNPs in genomic selection: application to early mortality in broilers. Dev Biol (Basel) 2008; 132:373-376. [PMID: 18817329 DOI: 10.1159/000317279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In genome-wide association studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), typically thousands of SNPs are genotyped, whereas the number of phenotypes for which there is genomic information may be smaller. Atwo-step SNP (feature) selection method was developed, which consisted of filtering (using information gain), and wrapping (using naïve Bayesian classification). This was based on discretization of the continuous phenotypic values. The method was applied to chick early mortality rates (0-14 days of age) on progeny from 201 sires in a commercial broiler line, with the goal of identifying SNPs (over 5000) related to progeny mortality. Sires were clustered into two groups, low and high, according to two arbitrarily chosen mortality rate thresholds. By varying these thresholds, 11 different "case-control" samples were formed, and the SNP selection procedure was applied to each sample. To compare the 11 sets of chosen SNPs, predicted residual sum of squares (PRESS)from a linear model was used. Naive Bayesian classification accuracy was improved over the case without feature selection (from 50% to 90%). Seventeen SNPs in the best case-control group (with smallest PRESS) accounted for 31% of the variance among sire family mortality rates.
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Cliff B, Eccles AJ, Jones C, Long N, Vohralik P. Development of a ToF version of the desktop MiniSIMS: instrument design and applications. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
An improved trilinear decomposition algorithm based on a Lagrange operator (LO) is developed in this paper, which introduces a Lagrange operator and penalty terms in the loss function to improve the performance of the algorithm. Compared to the traditional parallel factor (PARAFAC) algorithm, the algorithm not only may converge much faster, but also overcome the sensibility to estimate the number of components. A set of simulated and measured excitation/emission fluorescence data were treated by both the proposed and traditional PARAFAC algorithm to compare their efficiencies. The analytical results obtained with real chemical system containing aspirin and its metabolic products show that the trilinear decomposition methodology is a promising tool to obtain spectral and composition information from mixtures without chemical separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P R China
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Fiser DH, Long N, Roberson PK, Hefley G, Zolten K, Brodie-Fowler M. Relationship of pediatric overall performance category and pediatric cerebral performance category scores at pediatric intensive care unit discharge with outcome measures collected at hospital discharge and 1- and 6-month follow-up assessments. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:2616-20. [PMID: 10921604 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200007000-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Given the current focus on outcomes, there is a crucial need for easily utilized measures that can effectively quantify morbidity or disability after a child's critical illness or injury. The purpose of this study is to significantly extend the research on two such promising measures: the Pediatric Overall Performance Category (POPC) and the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC). DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of a sample of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) discharges and a prospective follow-up of this cohort of children. SETTING Arkansas Children's Hospital. PATIENTS Two hundred children (ranging in age from birth to 21 yrs) discharged from a PICU. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Data were collected at PICU discharge, hospital discharge, and 1- and 6-month follow-up assessments after hospital discharge. Measures utilized included the POPC (at PICU discharge), PCPC (at PICU discharge), Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, fourth edition (at hospital discharge), Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition (at hospital discharge), and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (at 1 and 6 months after discharge). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Quotients and Bayley Mental Developmental Index scores were significantly different across PCPC categories (p < .0001). Bayley Psychomotor Developmental Index scores and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales scores varied significantly across POPC categories (p < .0001). The test for linear trend was also significant for each of the comparisons. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study offer additional support for the use of the PCPC and POPC. These brief and easily completed measures can provide useful information regarding probable outcomes for pediatric intensive care patients when more extensive psychometric testing is not feasible or desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Fiser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock 72202-3591, USA
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Pachana N, Long N. Another Y2K problem: New Zealand's ageing drivers. N Z Med J 2000; 113:43-5. [PMID: 10777221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Forehand R, Long N. Strong-willed children: a challenge to parents and pediatric dentists. Pediatr Dent 1999; 21:463-8. [PMID: 10633525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Uncooperative behavior that is associated with a child being strong-willed is responsive to specific behavioral intervention strategies that have been extensively studied. These strategies are ones which are likely to be effective in the pediatric dental setting. We propose that these strategies are most effective when an integrative approach to strong-willed behavior is adopted by the pediatric dentist. Utilization of such an approach will reduce difficult child behavior, increase positive interactions between the dentist and child, and reduce parent frustration and concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Forehand
- Institute for Behavioral Research, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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Abstract
This study examines the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and interpersonal functioning in a New Zealand community sample of 756 Vietnam War veterans. The results support previous research findings showing that PTSD adversely affects veterans' interpersonal relationships, family functioning, and marital/dyadic adjustment and show that the effects of PTSD on family functioning and dyadic adjustment are mediated by severity of interpersonal problems. It is suggested that higher levels of PTSD affect the ability of veterans to initiate and maintain interpersonal relationships and that these interpersonal problems are evident in poorer levels of family functioning and poorer dyadic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Weller E, Long N, Smith A, Williams P, Ravi S, Gill J, Henessey R, Skornik W, Brain J, Kimmel C, Kimmel G, Holmes L, Ryan L. Dose-rate effects of ethylene oxide exposure on developmental toxicity. Toxicol Sci 1999; 50:259-70. [PMID: 10478863 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/50.2.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In risk assessment, evaluating a health effect at a duration of exposure that is untested involves assuming that equivalent multiples of concentration (C) and duration (T) of exposure have the same effect. The limitations of this approach (attributed to F. Haber, Zur Geschichte des Gaskrieges [On the history of gas warfare], in Funf Vortrage aus den Jahren 1920-1923 [Five lectures from the years 1920-1923], 1924, Springer, Berlin, pp. 76-92), have been noted in several studies. The study presented in this paper was designed to specifically look at dose-rate (C x T) effects, and it forms an ideal case study to implement statistical models and to examine the statistical issues in risk assessment. Pregnant female C57BL/6J mice were exposed, on gestational day 7, to ethylene oxide (EtO) via inhalation for 1.5, 3, or 6 h at exposures that result in C x T multiples of 2100 or 2700 ppm-h. EtO was selected because of its short half-life, documented developmental toxicity, and relevance to exposures that occur in occupational settings. Concurrent experiments were run with animals exposed to air for similar periods. Statistical analysis using models developed to assess dose-rate effects revealed significant effects with respect to fetal death and resorptions, malformations, crown-to-rump length, and fetal weight. Animals exposed to short, high exposures of EtO on day 7 of gestation were found to have more adverse effects than animals exposed to the same C x T multiple but at longer, lower exposures. The implication for risk assessment is that applying Haber's Law could potentially lead to an underestimation of risk at a shorter duration of exposure and an overestimation of risk at a longer duration of exposure. Further research, toxicological and statistical, are required to understand the mechanism of the dose-rate effects, and how to incorporate the mechanistic information into the risk assessment decision process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Weller
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Benes SC, Long N. Gradual painless visual loss: chronic optic neuropathies. Clin Geriatr Med 1999; 15:47-85, vi. [PMID: 9855658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The clinician must be the ultimate medical detective when dealing with chronic optic neuropathies. History taking is crucial. Clinical examination may require supplementation with visual field testing, fluorescein angiography, ocular and orbital ultrasound imaging, CT and MR imaging, blood test data, and cerebrospinal fluid or tissue biopsy data to determine the specific diagnosis. This supplementation is labor-intensive and time-consuming; the visual loss usually will progress throughout the process, frustrating and frightening the patient and physician. The final common pathway is gradual optic atrophy; the appearance of the optic nerve is rarely adequate to determine the cause of the visual loss. This article includes tables that review diagnostic aids and therapies, and lists the frequency with which several disease entities were encountered over 15 years in one tertiary care neuro-ophthalmic practice. If a specific cause is discernible, then a specific therapy may be available. This approach has the best chance of saving the patient's vision with the least toxicity caused by erroneous trials. By necessity, the work-up for these patients is expensive, but the cost of not pursuing the cause is irrevocable, permanent blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Benes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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MacDonald C, Chamberlain K, Long N, Pereira-Laird J, Mirfin MK. Mental health, physical health, and stressors reported by New Zealand Defence Force peacekeepers: a longitudinal study. Mil Med 1998; 163:477-81. [PMID: 9695614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The psychological effect of peacekeeping duties on 277 New Zealand Defence Force personnel was investigated using a longitudinal, cross-sectional study. Self-report data were collected in five stages from before deployment to approximately 6 months after return. Multiple measures of mental health, physical health, and stressors were used. Results revealed that the most stressful periods of the deployment, and those with the greatest effect on overall health and well-being, appear to be the predeployment and follow-up stages. These findings demonstrate the need for effective predeployment training and postdeployment debriefing and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- C MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Abstract
Sixty subjects with chronic low back pain (LBP) were sequentially allocated to either hydrotherapy treatment or land treatment groups in order of presentation. Subjects acted as their own controls for a period of three weeks, after which they attended their respective group sessions twice weekly for six weeks. Twenty-eight subjects from each group attended all treatment and assessment sessions. Results indicated that both groups improved significantly in functional ability and in decreasing pain levels. Thoracolumbar mobility did not improve significantly in either group. Overall there was no significant difference found between the two types of treatment, although results should be viewed as encouraging for the advocates of both hydrotherapy and land-based exercise as a treatment for chronic LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sjogren
- Essendon Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
Discharge criteria used in the outpatient setting of a 500-bed academic medical center were evaluated by nursing staff in two ambulatory units to determine validity in identifying patient readiness for discharge. Criteria categories include temperature, circulation, activity and mental status, pain, bleeding, voiding, and oral intake. The hospital course and post-discharge course of a convenience sample of 248 ambulatory subjects was drawn from consecutive patients. Post-discharge recovery outcomes identified by the telephone assessment included recovery, complications, necessity of further medical treatment, and the need to return to a medical facility. The descriptive results showed the safety of the seven discharge criteria. Voiding and oral intake were related to prolonged stays in the ambulatory units. Approval was granted by the Hospital Policy Board to relax discharge criteria, and make voiding and oral intake optional for patients. A stage II follow-up study of 1,582 patient subjects was conducted using the new criteria of voluntary voiding and oral intake. The average ambulatory stay was reduced 50 minutes after voiding and oral intake were made optional.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Beatty
- Same Day Admissions Unit, Penn State's Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey 17033, USA
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Abstract
The association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), combat exposure, and race was examined in a New Zealand community sample of 756 Vietnam War veterans. Maori veterans reported higher levels of PTSD than their non-Maori counterparts. However, the race effect was shown to be mediated by combat exposure level, rank, and combat role. These findings support differential experience explanations for the relationship between postwar adjustment and race, suggesting that higher levels of psychological symptoms reported by minority group veterans can be accounted for by their experience of higher levels of combat stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Long N, MacDonald C, Chamberlain K. Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety in a community sample of New Zealand Vietnam War veterans. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1996; 30:253-6. [PMID: 8811269 DOI: 10.3109/00048679609076102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the paper is to investigate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety in a community sample of New Zealand Vietnam War veterans. METHOD Data were collected as part of a national survey on the health and mental health of New Zealand Vietnam veterans. Five hundred and seventy-three randomly selected male Vietnam veterans participated in a postal survey. The questionnaire contained a number of demographic, biographical and psychological measures. RESULTS The results revealed that 10% of the veterans could be classified as PTSD cases and that these veterans exhibited high levels of depression and anxiety. In PTSD cases, 15% were also classified with anxiety, 6% with depression, and 73% were classified with both anxiety and depression. In PTSD cases 94% were classified with more than one additional disorder. In non-PTSD cases 27% were classified with anxiety, and 1% with depression, while 12% experienced both anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS The consequences of comorbidity for research and treatment are discussed and it is suggested that health professionals should be attentive to military experience as a predictor of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Long
- Department of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Long N, Vincent C, Chamberlain K. The impact of the Bosnian conflict on the health and mental health of New Zealanders. N Z Med J 1995; 108:25-7. [PMID: 7891930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Long
- Department of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North
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Vincent C, Chamberlain K, Long N. Relation of military service variables to posttraumatic stress disorder in New Zealand Vietnam War veterans. Mil Med 1994; 159:322-326. [PMID: 20058430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In a community sample of 573 New Zealand Vietnam War veterans, 20% were identified as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) cases. The association between PTSD diagnoses and a range of military experience variables and current demographic variables was examined. Significant differences were reported between cases and non-cases in terms of combat exposure, combat duties, length of service in Vietnam, length of service after Vietnam, total military service, and rank. PTSD cases also differed significantly from non-cases in terms of their age, marital status, income, educational qualifications, and employment status. These results confirm findings from previous studies showing that military experience in Vietnam is significantly associated with current levels of PTSD. They also suggest that veterans with PTSD have poorer social adjustment as indexed by factors such as their current marital and employment status.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vincent
- Department of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Abstract
The data presented in this paper were obtained by a survey involving 573 New Zealand Vietnam veterans. It represents the first comprehensive report on the mental and physical health of a community sample of these ex-service personnel. Although most of these veterans were reasonably healthy for their age, a small proportion was substantially worse off than their Vietnam veteran peers, reporting relatively low levels of psychological wellbeing, relatively high levels of psychological distress and post-traumatic stress disorder, a greater number and severity of physical health symptoms, lower self-rated health status, and making more frequent contacts with health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vincent
- Department of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Abstract
Symptoms of combat related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been reported extensively in Vietnam veterans. A few of these studies have reported situations in which PTSD has been reactivated in veterans with a history of PTSD. The present study reports the effects of media coverage of the Gulf War on a community sample of New Zealand Vietnam veterans. Levels of PTSD, distress, and well-being were assessed before and after the outbreak of hostilities. Most veterans closely followed the media presentation of the war and reported revived memories of Vietnam. Increased memories of Vietnam were associated with higher levels of PTSD and distress. It is suggested that veterans have heightened susceptibility to combat related stimuli because of their previous combat experience and that these stimuli can reactivate PTSD symptoms and distress. Implications of this finding for other groups in the community who harbour residual PTSD effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Long
- Department of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Abstract
The effectiveness of bibliotherapy as an adjunct to stimulant medication in the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder was investigated. Subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group, or the control group. Parents in the experimental group received a written protocol (bibliotherapy) outlining behavioral techniques for managing oppositional child behavior. Results indicated significant differences favoring the experimental group on standardized measures of the intensity of behavior problems in the home, parental knowledge of behavioral principles, and teacher ratings of behavior. This bibliotherapy approach appears to offer an inexpensive adjunct to stimulant medication in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder when individual or group behavior management training is not feasible.
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Abstract
Adolescents are being taught relaxation techniques by health-care professionals with increased frequency. The present study examined the effect, on self-reported relaxation, of labeling passive relaxation techniques as "hypnotic relaxation" or as "relaxation training." Subjects were 64 adolescent college students who scored above the 50th percentile, from a subject pool of 189 potential subjects, on the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory. A two by two by two factorial design was utilized with sex, label (hypnotic relaxation versus relaxation training) and relaxation technique (hypnotic induction versus autogenic training) as the independent variables. Under the guise of an investigation of the physiologic correlates of relaxation, subjects were assigned at random to one of four groups. Manipulations of label and relaxation technique were presented on tape via an intercom system. The dependent variable, perceived degree of relaxation, was obtained using a form presented as a "double check" of the accuracy of the physiologic monitoring equipment to which subjects seemingly were attached. Results indicate that the label attached to relaxation techniques can have a significant effect on an individual's subjective report of relaxation depending on the subject's sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Long
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock 72202
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