1
|
Northwood K, Siskind D, Suetani S, McArdle PA. An assessment of psychological distress and professional burnout in mental health professionals in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Australas Psychiatry 2021; 29:628-634. [PMID: 34428987 PMCID: PMC8387977 DOI: 10.1177/10398562211038906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine psychological distress and professional burnout in a cohort of Australian mental healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study examined a multi-disciplinary cohort of mental healthcare workers in a large metropolitan service in Australia. Demographic information as well as information on employment and individual's personal experience of the COVID-19 pandemic was collected and correlated with cross-sectional assessments of anxiety, depression and professional burnout using validated clinical questionnaires. RESULTS Mental healthcare workers reported high levels of anxiety, depression, and professional burnout. Participants reported some reduction in anxiety since the early phases of the pandemic, but the reduction was more modest in mental healthcare workers identifying as being "vulnerable" employees. CONCLUSION Despite the low numbers of COVID-19 cases, mental healthcare workers in Australia report significant levels of psychological distress and professional burnout during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Northwood
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - D Siskind
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Physical and Mental Health Stream, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Suetani
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Physical and Mental Health Stream, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - P A McArdle
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McArdle PA, De Mel V, DeMonte V, Winckel K, Gore-Jones V, Foley S, Korman N, Parker S, Dark F, Siskind D. An investigation into the relationship between clozapine treatment and cognitive performance in patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 206:450-451. [PMID: 30527271 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P A McArdle
- Rehabilitation Academic Clinical Unit, Metro South Mental Health and Addiction Services, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
| | - V De Mel
- Rehabilitation Academic Clinical Unit, Metro South Mental Health and Addiction Services, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - V DeMonte
- Rehabilitation Academic Clinical Unit, Metro South Mental Health and Addiction Services, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - K Winckel
- Pharmacy Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia; School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Qld, Australia
| | - V Gore-Jones
- Rehabilitation Academic Clinical Unit, Metro South Mental Health and Addiction Services, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - S Foley
- Rehabilitation Academic Clinical Unit, Metro South Mental Health and Addiction Services, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - N Korman
- Rehabilitation Academic Clinical Unit, Metro South Mental Health and Addiction Services, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - S Parker
- Rehabilitation Academic Clinical Unit, Metro South Mental Health and Addiction Services, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - F Dark
- Rehabilitation Academic Clinical Unit, Metro South Mental Health and Addiction Services, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - D Siskind
- Rehabilitation Academic Clinical Unit, Metro South Mental Health and Addiction Services, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qayyum T, Willder JM, McArdle PA, Horgan PG, Edwards J, Underwood MA. The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in radical prostatectomy. Curr Urol 2014; 7:62-4. [PMID: 24917760 DOI: 10.1159/000356250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the localised staging of prostate cancer in those who had undergone radical prostatectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS The cohort consisted of 110 patients who had undergone MRI for staging of prostate cancer and subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy. T stage was analysed both on MRI and from the specimen following radical surgery. RESULTS Of the patients 57% of patients had their disease up-staged following radical surgery from preoperative MRI findings. Of those patients who had their disease up-staged following surgery, nearly 50% of patients had gone from organ confined disease at time of MRI to extra-prostatic involvement from the surgical specimen. CONCLUSION We have reported that MRI has a wide range of accuracy. Given developments in MRI technologies further work should be pursued to help in the staging of this disease for which decision to treat is difficult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Qayyum
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - J M Willder
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - P A McArdle
- Department of Urology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - P G Horgan
- School of Medicine, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Edwards
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qayyum T, McArdle PA, Lamb GW, Jordan F, Orange C, Seywright M, Horgan PG, Jones RJ, Oades G, Aitchison MA, Edwards J. Expression and prognostic significance of Src family members in renal clear cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:856-63. [PMID: 22814579 PMCID: PMC3426751 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine whether Src family kinases (SFK) are expressed in renal cell cancer and to assess their prognostic significance. METHODS mRNA expression levels were investigated for the 8 SFK members by quantitative real-time PCR in 19 clear cell cancer tissue samples. Immunohistochemical staining was utilised to assess expression of Src kinase, dephosphorylated Src kinase at Y(530) (SrcY(530)), phosphorylated Src at Y(419) (SrcY(419)) and the downstream focal adhesion kinase (FAK) marker at the Y(861) site (FAK Y(861)) in a cohort of 57 clear cell renal cancer specimens. Expression was assessed using the weighted histoscore method. RESULTS Src, Lyn, Hck, Fgr and Fyn were the most highly expressed in renal cancer. All members were more highly expressed in T2 disease, and furthermore expression levels between T2 and T3 disease showed a significant decrease for Lck, Lyn, Fyn, Blk and Yes (P=0.032). Assessment of membrane, cytoplasm and nuclear expression of Src kinase, SrcY(530) and SrcY(419) were not significantly associated with cancer-specific survival. High expression of cytoplasmic FAK Y(861) was associated with decreased cancer-specific survival (P=0.001). On multivariate analysis, cytoplasmic FAK Y(861) was independently associated with cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio 3.35, 95% CI 1.40-7.98, P=0.006). CONCLUSION We have reported that all SFK members are expressed in renal cell carcinoma. The SFK members had their highest levels of expression before the disease no longer being organ confined. We hypothesise that these SFK members are upregulated before the cancer spreading out-with the organ and given that Src itself is not associated with cancer-specific survival but the presence of FAK Y(861), a downstream marker for SFK member activity is associated with decreased cancer-specific survival, we hypothesise that another SFK member is associated with decreased cancer-specific survival in renal cell cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Qayyum
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qayyum T, McArdle PA, Lamb GW, Going JJ, Orange C, Seywright M, Horgan PG, Oades G, Aitchison MA, Edwards J. Prospective study of the role of inflammation in renal cancer. Urol Int 2012; 88:277-81. [PMID: 22377628 DOI: 10.1159/000334971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The local and systemic inflammatory responses provide prognostic information in cancer. The modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) provides additional prognostic information than C-reactive protein (CRP) alone when assessing the systemic inflammation in cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the role of local and systemic inflammation in renal cancer. METHODS The cohort consisted of 79 patients who had undergone potential curative resection. Systemic inflammation, mGPS, was constructed by measuring preoperative CRP and albumin concentrations and the Klintrup-Makinen score was evaluated histologically for the local inflammatory response. Pathological parameters such as T stage, grade and tumour necrosis were also assessed. The local inflammatory response was assessed by examining all inflammatory cells at the tumour edge on diagnostic haematoxylin and eosin slides. RESULTS On univariate analysis, T stage (p < 0.001), grade (p = 0.044) and mGPS (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of cancer-specific survival. On multivariate analysis, mGPS (hazard ratio 8.64, 95% confidence interval 3.5-21.29, p < 0.001) was the only significant independent predictor of cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSION A preoperative systemic inflammatory response as measured by the mGPS is an independent predictor of poor cancer-specific survival in renal cancer in patients undergoing potential curative resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Qayyum
- Institute of Cancer, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qayyum T, Fyffe G, Duncan M, McArdle PA, Hilmy M, Orange C, Halbert G, Seywright M, Horgan PG, Underwood MA, Edwards J. The interrelationships between Src, Cav-1 and RhoGD12 in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1187-95. [PMID: 22353809 PMCID: PMC3304420 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this current study was to assess the expression and activity of Src family kinases, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), caveolin (Cav-1) and RhoGD12 in bladder cancer. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with a new diagnosis of bladder cancer undergoing transurethral resection were included. Immunohistochemical staining was utilised to assess expression of c-Src, dephosphorylated (SrcY530), phosphorylated Src (Y419), phosphorylated FAK (FAK Y861), Cav-1 and RhoGD12. Expression was assessed using the weighted histoscore method. Results: High expression of dephosphorylated Y527, phosphorylated Y416 and phosphorylated FAK Y861 in the membrane were associated with increased cancer-specific survival (P=0. 01, P=0.001, P=0.008, respectively) and expression of Y416 in the membrane was an independent factor on multivariate analysis when combined with known clinical parameters (P=0.008, HR 0.288, 95% CI 0.11–0.72). Conclusion: These results demonstrate that in contrast to other solid tumours, activation of the Src family members and downstream signalling proteins are associated with a good prognosis in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and activated Src has a positive relationship with RhoGD12.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Qayyum
- Institute of Cancer, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qayyum T, McArdle PA, Going JJ, Orange C, Seywright M, Aitchison MA, Edwards J. Is the presence or absence of tumour necrosis a significant predictor of survival in renal cell cancer? Urol Int 2011; 88:79-83. [PMID: 22041976 DOI: 10.1159/000332430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Currently when renal cancer pathology is assessed the presence or absence of necrosis is simply reported. It has been suggested that a presence or absence response ignores heterogeneity and a classification based on the extent of necrosis involvement would aid prognostic value in cancer-specific survival. The aim of this study was to determine whether a quantitative assessment of tumour necrosis would provide additional prognostic information. METHODS We studied the pathological features and cancer-specific survival of 47 patients with renal cancer undergoing surgery with curative intent. A quantitative assessment of tumour necrosis was compared to the presence or absence of necrosis. RESULTS Tumour necrosis was present in 27 of 47 cases. A simple assessment of the presence or absence was not associated with cancer-specific survival (p = 0.052). When assessed quantitatively, tumour necrosis was associated with decreased cancer-specific survival (p < 0.001). A 2-tiered assessment, <25% and >25% involvement of necrosis, was further utilised and shown to predict cancer-specific survival (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, using this 2-tiered assessment of <25% and >25% involvement of necrosis was retained as a significant independent factor for cancer-specific survival (HR 11.84, 95% CI 3.81-36.75, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION A simple assessment of the presence/absence of tumour necrosis is reported to be a prognostic factor in renal cell cancer. In this study, the presence/absence was not shown to be a significant prognostic marker of cancer-specific survival. However, a more accurate quantitative assessment of tumour necrosis, whereby a 2-tiered response is still utilised, but basing this on <25% and >25% involvement of necrosis was statistically significant and independent in predicting cancer-specific survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Qayyum
- Unit of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer, College of MVLS, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK. tahir1 @ doctors.org.uk
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qayyum T, McArdle PA, Seywright M, Mcmillan DC, Aitchison M, Edwards JE. An evaluation of the role of Src in renal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
358 Background: The aim of the current study was to assess the expression levels of c-Src, phosphorylated Src, dephosphorylated c-Src at 530 and the downstream marker Fak 861 in renal cancer. Methods: In all, 60 patients undergoing potentially curative nephrectomy for localised renal cancer were included. Imunohistochemical staining was utilised to assess expression of c-Src, dephosphorlated c-Src at 530, phosphorylated Src at the Y416 site, and Fak 861. Expression was assessed using the weighted histoscore method. Results: High membrane c-Src was associated with increased cancer specific survival (p=0.032). In addition, increased cancer-specific survival was associated with high levels of cytoplasm and membrane expression of c-Src (p=0.039). When assessed individually, membrane, cytoplasm and nuclear expression of phosphorylated Src was not significantly associated with cancer specific survival. However when membrane and cytoplasm expression was combined, high expression was associated with decreased cancer specific survival (p=0.001). Low cytoplasm Fak expression was associated with increased cancer specific survival (p=0.029). When expression of Fak was combined with phosphorylated Src, high expression was associated with decreased cancer specific survival (p=0.003). When taking together high membrane c-Src and phosphorylated Src expression, this was associated with increased cancer specific survival (p=0.029). On multivariate analysis, combined expression of membrane c-Src and phosphorylated Src (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.24-0.99, p=0.047) and combined Fak and phosphorylated Src expression (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.06-3.34, p=0.030) were significant independent predictors of cancer specific survival. Conclusions: The results suggest that activated c-Src is associated with improved survival and activated Src family members are associated with decreased survival. This would suggest that another member of the Src family maybe associated with decreased survival. Further work is required to identify which of the Src family members are expressed in renal cancer and would therefore allow specific inhibitors for these Src family members to be developed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. Qayyum
- Department of Surgery, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Glasgow University, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - P. A. McArdle
- Department of Surgery, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Glasgow University, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - M. Seywright
- Department of Surgery, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Glasgow University, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - D. C. Mcmillan
- Department of Surgery, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Glasgow University, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - M. Aitchison
- Department of Surgery, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Glasgow University, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J. E. Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Glasgow University, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Crews WD, Barth JT, Brelsford TN, Francis JP, McArdle PA. Neuropsychological Dysfunction in Severe Accidental Electrical Shock: Two Case Reports. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 4:208-19. [PMID: 16318470 DOI: 10.1207/s15324826an0404_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
There has been a relative absence of studies that have longitudinally examined the neuropsychological profiles of women who have sustained severe accidental electrical shocks. A case is reported of a college-educated woman who received an estimated 120-V electrical shock. Neuropsychological assessments conducted at 2 months, and at 1 and 2 years postinjury, revealed a diversity of deficits indicative of diffuse, mild to moderate neurocognitive dysfunction, as well as symptomatology consistent with depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. For comparison, a second case of a man who received a 69,000-Velectrical injury is also presented. Although only minimal neurocognitive deficits were observed in this individual, he exhibited a similar psychological profile. The results of this study are discussed in light of the contrasting neurocognitive findings but consistent psychological presentations across the two cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W D Crews
- University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vissamsetti B, McArdle PA, Adams CJ, Hotiana Z, Morton AL, Alexander RJT. Proptosis--an uncommon presentation of orbital metastases secondary to prostate cancer. Urol Int 2007; 79:374-5; discussion 375. [PMID: 18025861 DOI: 10.1159/000109728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a man with advanced prostate cancer who presented as an emergency with proptosis of his right eye. Cross-sectional imaging of his head confirmed the cause to be orbital metastases secondary to his prostate cancer. The patient responded well to treatment with dexamethasone and palliative orbital radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Vissamsetti
- Department of Urology, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
A popular internet site describes cannabis as "a leafy plant, the leaves and flowering tops (buds) of which may be either smoked or eaten. It also comes in a more concentrated resinous form called hashish, and as a sticky black liquid called hash oil". It is said that users often report a pleasant "subjective enhancement of visual and auditory perception, sometimes with synaesthesia (sounds take on visual colourful qualities)" and the sense that time passes more quickly than real time, a "fatuous euphoria", as well as relaxation and relief from stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A McArdle
- Fleming Nuffield Unit, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Brudon Terrace, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 3AE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Canna K, McArdle PA, McMillan DC, McNicol AM, Smith GW, McKee RF, McArdle CS. The relationship between tumour T-lymphocyte infiltration, the systemic inflammatory response and survival in patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:651-4. [PMID: 15700032 PMCID: PMC2361875 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that both local and systemic inflammatory responses play an important role in the progression of a variety of common solid tumours. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between tumour T-lymphocyte subset infiltration, the systemic inflammatory response and cancer-specific survival in patients with colorectal cancer. In all, 147 patients undergoing potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer were studied. Circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein were measured prior to surgery. CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte infiltration of the tumour was assessed using immunohistochemistry and a point counting technique. When patients were grouped according to the percentage tumour volume of CD4+ T-lymphocytes, there was no difference in terms of age, sex, tumour site, stage and tumour characteristics. However, there was an inverse relationship between percentage tumour CD4+ T-lymphocytes and C-reactive protein (P<0.01). On univariate analysis, both C-reactive protein concentrations (P<0.001) and percentage tumour volume of CD4+ (P<0.05) T-lymphocytes were associated with cancer-specific survival. The results of the present study show that low tumour CD4+ T-lymphocyte infiltration is associated with elevated C-reactive protein concentrations and both predict poor cancer-specific survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Canna
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - P A McArdle
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - D C McMillan
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK. E-mail:
| | - A-M McNicol
- Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - G W Smith
- Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - R F McKee
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - C S McArdle
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McArdle PA, McMillan DC, Sattar N, Wallace AM, Underwood MA. The relationship between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in patients with benign and malignant prostate disease. Br J Cancer 2004; 91:1755-7. [PMID: 15505624 PMCID: PMC2410056 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein was evaluated in patients with benign (n=59) and malignant (n=86) prostate disease. The correlation coefficients for patients with benign prostatic disease and prostate cancer were rs=0.632, P<0.001 and rs=0.663, P<0.001, respectively. These results indicate that the relationship between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein is similar in patients with benign and malignant prostate disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A McArdle
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK. E-mail:
| | - D C McMillan
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - N Sattar
- University Department of Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - A M Wallace
- University Department of Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - M A Underwood
- University Department of Urology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McArdle PA, Pollock MA, Wallace AM, McMillan DC, Crooks JE, Underwood MA. Comparison of total, complexed and free prostate-specific antigens and their ratios in the detection of prostate cancer in a non-screened population. Ann Clin Biochem 2004; 41:201-6. [PMID: 15117433 DOI: 10.1258/000456304323019569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) isoforms in the detection of prostate cancer in a non-screened population in the UK remains to be determined. METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate were studied. Prior to biopsy, a blood sample was obtained and total, complexed and free PSA concentrations measured. RESULTS Of the 171 patients included in the study, 103 were found to have prostate cancer. There were significant differences in total and complexed PSA concentrations and in the ratio of free-to-total PSA (all P <0.001) between patients with prostate cancer and those with benign disease. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed that the corresponding areas under the curves were similar. Restricting the analysis to the 77 patients who had total PSA concentrations between 2 and 10 micro g/L, ROC curve analysis showed that total and complexed PSA concentrations failed to discriminate between benign and malignant disease. In contrast, the areas under the ROC curve were greater for the free-to-total ratio (P = 0.033). CONCLUSION These results show that in patients with total PSA concentrations between 2 and 10 micro g/L, the free-to-total PSA ratio was superior to total PSA concentration in discriminating between patients with benign and malignant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A McArdle
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
McArdle PA, Canna K, McMillan DC, McNicol AM, Campbell R, Underwood MA. The relationship between T-lymphocyte subset infiltration and survival in patients with prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2004; 91:541-3. [PMID: 15266325 PMCID: PMC2409839 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between tumour stage, T-lymphocyte subset infiltration and survival was examined in patients with prostate cancer (n=80). On multivariate analysis PSA (HR 2.47, 95% CI 1.27-4.83, P=0.008) and CD4+ T-lymphocyte count (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.25-4.22, P=0.008) had independent significance. Increased CD4+ T-lymphocyte infiltration within the tumour was stage independent and associated with poor outcome in patients with prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P A McArdle
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK. E-mail:
| | - K Canna
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - D C McMillan
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - A-M McNicol
- University Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - R Campbell
- University Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - M A Underwood
- University Department of Urology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bromwich EJ, McArdle PA, Canna K, McMillan DC, McNicol AM, Brown M, Aitchison M. The relationship between T-lymphocyte infiltration, stage, tumour grade and survival in patients undergoing curative surgery for renal cell cancer. Br J Cancer 2004; 89:1906-8. [PMID: 14612901 PMCID: PMC2394435 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between tumour stage, grade, T-lymphocyte subset infiltration and survival in patients who had undergone potentially curative surgery for renal clear-cell cancer (n=73). Intratumoural CD4+ T-lymphocyte infiltrate was associated with poor cancer-specific survival, independent of grade, in this cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Bromwich
- Department of Urology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lowson SM, Rich GF, McArdle PA, Jaidev J, Morris GN. The response to varying concentrations of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Anesth Analg 1996; 82:574-81. [PMID: 8623964 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-199603000-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the response to varying concentrations of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in 18 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The study was divided into two parts. In Part 1, 5-40 ppm of inhaled NO was evaluated in 10 patients with ARDS. In Part 2, 0.1-10 ppm of inhaled NO was evaluated in eight patients with ARDS. Inhaled NO significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), and increased the arterial oxygenation (PaO2) at concentrations of 0.1 to 40 ppm. No dose response was detectable for the pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) or PVRI over this dose range. The increase in PaO2 at 10 ppm of NO was significantly greater than that at 0.1 ppm but not 1 ppm. The decrease in PVRI and the increase in PaO2 were both significantly correlated with the baseline PVRI. While the maximum hemodynamic and oxygenation responses to inhaled NO are achieved at approximately 1 ppm, it appears that the maximum hemodynamic response is observed at lower concentrations (0.1 ppm) of inhaled NO than the improvement in oxygenation (1-10 ppm). Higher concentrations of NO do not produce any further change in these variables. It appears that the baseline PVRI may be the best marker predicting a beneficial response to NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Lowson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22098, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Recent efforts to evaluate the effectiveness of the informed consent process between physician and patient have focused on the ability of patients to understand written “informed consent” documents. Several researchers, employing traditional readability formulas to measure the reading level of such documents, have noted that many of these forms are written at a level too difficult for most people to understand. Readability formulas, such as those of Flesch and Fry, and the SMOG formula, have become convenient measures of the effectiveness of informed consent documents in conveying information to patients to enable them to make decisions about recommended therapies.Our experience, in a pilot study, with readability formulas to test an informed consent document used in childhood poliomyelitis immunizations led us to conclude that readability formulas are an inadequate measure of patients’ comprehension of written information about medical procedures.
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
McArdle PA, Manning AR. The reaction of π-cyclopentadienyl(triphenylphosphine)chloronickel(II) and tin(II) chloride: a new cationic derivative of nickel(II). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1039/c19670000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|