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Chatpiyaphat K, Sumruayphol S, Dujardin J, Samung Y, Phayakkaphon A, Cui L, Ruangsittichai J, Sungvornyothin S, Sattabongkot J, Sriwichai P. Geometric morphometrics to distinguish the cryptic species Anopheles minimus and An. harrisoni in malaria hot spot villages, western Thailand. Med Vet Entomol 2021; 35:293-301. [PMID: 33205850 PMCID: PMC8451769 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Anopheles minimus Theobald 1901 and An. harrisoni Harbach & Manguin 2007 belong to the same species complex. They are morphologically similar and can exist in sympatry but have blood host preferences. The most accurate method for their identification is based on molecular techniques. Here, we measure the level of interspecific discrimination by geometric morphometry. Sixty-seven An. minimus and 22 An. harrisoni specimens were selected based on their morphological integrity and confirmed by identification polymerase chain reaction of internal transcribed spacer 2. These samples were used as reference data allowing for a morphometric identification based on geometric shape. Despite size overlap between the two species, there was a significant shape divergence allowing for differentiation of An. minimus and An. harrisoni with 90% accuracy. An intraspecific study of An. minimus showed a summer period associated to the reducing of wing size, which did not influence the shape-based differentiation of An. harrisoni. Wing venation geometry can be used to distinguish between these cryptic species mainly based on shaped divergence. This study suggests that geometric morphometrics represent a convenient low-cost method to complement morphological identification, especially concerning damaged specimens, i.e., insects having accidentally lost the anatomical features allowing a reliable morphological identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Chatpiyaphat
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - S. Sumruayphol
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - J.‐P. Dujardin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 177‐Interactions Hôte‐Vecteur‐Parasite‐Enironnement dans les Maladies Tropicales Négligées dues aux Trypanosomatidés, Centre International de Recherches Agronomiques pour le Développement (CIRAD)Institut de Recherches pour le Développement (IRD), Campus international de BaillarguetMontpellierFrance
| | - Y. Samung
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - A. Phayakkaphon
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - L. Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaU.S.A.
| | - J. Ruangsittichai
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - S. Sungvornyothin
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - J. Sattabongkot
- Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - P. Sriwichai
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
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Taai K, Harbach RE, Somboon P, Sriwichai P, Aupalee K, Srisuka W, Yasanga T, Phuackchantuck R, Jatuwattana W, Pusawang K, Saeung A. A method for distinguishing the important malaria vectors Anopheles dirus and An. cracens (Diptera: Culicidae) based on antennal sensilla of adult females. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:926-937. [PMID: 33597464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Some species of the Anopheles dirus species complex are considered to be highly competent malaria vectors in Southeast Asia. Anopheles dirus is the primary vector of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax while An. cracens is the main vector of P. knowlesi. However, these two species are difficult to distinguish and identify based on morphological characters. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of antennal sensilla to distinguish them. Large sensilla coeloconica borne on the antennae of adult females were counted under a compound light microscope and the different types of antennal sensilla were examined in a scanning electron microscope. The antennae of both species bear five types of sensilla: ampullacea, basiconica, chaetica, coeloconica and trichodea. Observations revealed that the mean numbers of large sensilla coeloconica on antennal flagellomeres 2, 3, 7, 10 and 12 on both antennae of both species were significantly different. This study is the first to describe the types of antennal sensilla and to discover the usefulness of the large coeloconic sensilla for distinguishing the two species. The discovery provides a simple, reliable and inexpensive method for distinguishing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Western University, Kanchanaburi 71170, Thailand
| | - R E Harbach
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - P Somboon
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - P Sriwichai
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - K Aupalee
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - W Srisuka
- Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand
| | - T Yasanga
- Medical Science Research Equipment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - R Phuackchantuck
- Research Administration Sections, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - W Jatuwattana
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - K Pusawang
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - A Saeung
- Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Sor-Suwan S, Jariyapan N, Mano C, Apiwathnasorn C, Sriwichai P, Samung Y, Siriyasatien P, Bates PA, Somboon P. Didilia sp. infecting Phlebotomus stantoni in Thailand. Trop Biomed 2017; 34:956-962. [PMID: 33592965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nematode infection in wild caught Phlebotomine sand flies was investigated in Thailand. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to detect and morphologically characterize entomopathogenic nematodes that presented in the sand flies. Didilia sp. nematodes were found for the first time in the body cavity of wild caught male Phlebotomus stantoni sand flies. The Didilia sp. was identified based on the morphology of the adult nematodes, from their stylet and teeth at the anterior tip, body length, and egg shell sculpture. It was noted that every infected male sand fly had unrotated genitalia, which would not allow them to mate, thus leading to the loss of their offspring. This finding provided information that might lead to study on whether or not the Didilia sp. has the potential to control sand fly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sor-Suwan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - N Jariyapan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - C Mano
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - C Apiwathnasorn
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Sriwichai
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Y Samung
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Siriyasatien
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P A Bates
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - P Somboon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Sor-Suwan S, Jariyapan N, Mano C, Apiwathnasorn C, Sriwichai P, Samung Y, Siriyasatien P, Bates PA, Somboon P. Species composition and population dynamics of phlebotomine sand flies in a Leishmania infected area of Chiang Mai, Thailand. Trop Biomed 2017; 34:855-862. [PMID: 33592954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are established vectors of leishmaniasis in humans. In Thailand, Leishmania martiniquensis and "Leishmania siamensis" have been described as causative agents of leishmaniasis. In this study, a survey of sand flies in the Leishmania infected area of Hang Dong district, Chiang Mai, Thailand was performed using CDC light traps for eight consecutive months, from January to August 2016. A total of 661 sand flies were collected, and of 280 female sand flies, four species of the genus Sergentomyia including Sergentomyia gemmea, S. barraudi, S. indica, and S. hivernus and one species of the genus Phlebotomus, Phlebotomus stantoni, were identified. S. gemmea and S. hivernus were found in Chiang Mai for the first time. The density of captured female sand flies was high in warm and humid periods from June to August, with temperatures of around 26°C and relative humidity about 74%. In addition, S. gemmea was the most predominant species in the area. Further studies as to whether or not these sand fly species could be a vector of Leishmaniasis in Thailand are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sor-Suwan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - N Jariyapan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - C Mano
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - C Apiwathnasorn
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Sriwichai
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Y Samung
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Siriyasatien
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P A Bates
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - P Somboon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Taai K, Baimai V, Thongsahuan S, Saeung A, Otsuka Y, Srisuka W, Sriwichai P, Somboon P, Jariyapan N, Choochote W. Metaphase karyotypes of Anopheles paraliae (Diptera:Culicidae) in Thailand and evidence to support five cytological races. Trop Biomed 2013; 30:238-249. [PMID: 23959489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen isoline colonies of Anopheles paraliae were established from wild-caught females collected from cow-baited traps at 4 locations in Thailand. They showed 3 types of X (X1, X2, X3) and 5 types of Y (Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5) chromosomes based on the number and amount of major block(s) of heterochromatin present in the heterochromatic arm, and were designated as Forms A (X3, Y1), B (X1, X2, X3, Y2), C (X3, Y3), D (X1, X2, X3, Y4) and E (X3, Y5). Form A was found in Songkhla Province, Form B was obtained in Ratchaburi, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Songkhla Provinces, Form C was acquired in Chanthaburi Province, Form D was recovered in Ratchaburi and Songkhla Provinces, and Form E was encountered in Ratchaburi Province. Hybridization experiments among the 7 isoline colonies, which represented the 5 karyotypic forms of An. paraliae, revealed genetic compatibility in providing viable progenies and synaptic salivary gland polytene chromosomes through F2-generations, and thus suggest the conspecific nature of these karyotypic forms. These results were supported by the very low intraspecific sequence divergence (mean genetic distance = 0.000-0.002) of the nucleotide sequences in ribosomal DNA (ITS2) and mitochondrial DNA (COI and COII) of the 5 forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Sriwichai P, Nacapunchai D, Pasuralertsakul S, Rongsriyam Y, Thavara U. Survey of indoor cockroaches in some dwellings in Bangkok. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2004; 33 Suppl 3:36-40. [PMID: 12971471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the species distribution of indoor cockroaches in dwellings in Bangkok. Commercial sticky traps were used to catch cockroaches in 128 private residences (40 single houses, 49 townhouses, 39 apartments), 34 offices, and 30 small groceries. The cockroaches were identified as Periplaneta americana, Supella longipalpa, Blattella germanica, Neostylopyga rhombifolia, P. brunnea, P. australasiae, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, and B. lituricallis; two were unidentified species. The most common species were P. americana, S. longipalpa and B. germanica--most of which were nymphal stages. P. americana and S. longipalpa infested all kinds of buildings, especially private residences (50.0% and 17.2%, respectively) and offices (61.8% and 58.8%, respectively); they were also found mostly (15.1%) in mixed infestation and with no predominant species. B. germanica (26.7%) were significantly predominant in groceries. Air conditioners have no influence on cockroach distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sriwichai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Nacapunchai D, Kino H, Ruangsitticha C, Sriwichai P, Ishih A, Terada M. A brief survey of free-living amebae in Thailand and Hamamatsu District, Japan. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2002; 32 Suppl 2:179-82. [PMID: 12041586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the presence of free-living amebae in aquatic habitats of human environments in Thailand and Hamamatsu district, Japan. Genus identification was based on the morphology of cyst and trophozoite forms and a flagellation test for genus Naegleria. The pathogenic potential was tested in mice by nasal instillation for genus Naegleria and Acanthameba. In 14 provinces of Thailand, amebae were isolated in 43 from 95 water samples and 67 from 120 soil swabs. Amebae of 49 isolates from waters were identified as Acanthameba (36.7%), Naegleria (28.6%), Hartmannella (20.4%), Vahlkampfia (12.2%) and Vannella (2%). Soil samples have significantly higher levels of Acanthameba and Hartmannella (p<0.05) but lower for Naegleria (p<0.05) and 7 unidentified amebae were found. In Hamamatsu district, Japan, 62 amebae of the same genera were isolated from 47 of 95 water samples. There were significantly higher levels of Acanthameba (22.6%) (p<0.05) but lower for Naegleria (4.8%) (p<0.05) than those of Thailand which each of them caused death in mice. Three unidentified amebae were isolated. This finding serves as additional evidence for the presence of free-living amebae under natural and the difference in distribution between tropic and subtropic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nacapunchai
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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