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Koster MPH, Wortelboer EJ, Stoutenbeek P, Visser GHA, Schielen PCJI. Modeling Down syndrome screening performance using first-trimester serum markers. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011; 38:134-139. [PMID: 21800388 DOI: 10.1002/uog.8881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the modeled predictive value of three current screening markers (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (free β-hCG), and nuchal translucency (NT)) and four potential screening markers (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12), total hCG, placental protein 13 (PP13), and placental growth factor (PlGF)) for Down syndrome using different screening strategies. METHODS All markers were measured in stored first-trimester serum of 151 Down syndrome cases and 847 controls. All marker levels were expressed as gestational age-specific multiples of the median (MoMs) and comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Detection rates (DRs) for fixed false-positive rates (FPRs) were modeled using different screening strategies. RESULTS Significantly different median MoMs for Down syndrome cases compared to controls were found for PAPP-A (0.49 vs. 1.00; P < 0.0001), free β-hCG (1.70 vs. 1.01; P < 0.0001), ADAM12 (0.89 vs. 1.00; P < 0.0001), total hCG (1.28 vs. 1.00; P < 0.0001), PlGF (0.80 vs. 1.00; P < 0.0001) and NT (1.74 vs. 1.01; P < 0.0001). The lower PP13 MoM in Down syndrome cases (0.91 vs. 1.00) was not statistically significant (P = 0.061). Adding the four new markers to the current screening strategy (i.e. first-trimester combined test) led to an increase in DR from 77% to 80% at a 5% FPR. The modeled application of a two-sample screening strategy (with some markers assessed early and others later in the first trimester) increased the DR to 89%. In a two-step contingent screening model, using an intermediate risk range of 1 in 100 to 1 in 2000 at biochemical screening (using all markers), the overall DR was 77%, but it was predicted that only 33% of women would require referral for NT measurement. CONCLUSIONS First-trimester Down syndrome screening may be improved by adding new markers to the current screening test and by applying different screening strategies. The application of a two-sample screening model resulted in the highest predicted DR, but this should be confirmed in population-based prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P H Koster
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Pistorius LR, Stoutenbeek P, Groenendaal F, de Vries L, Manten G, Mulder E, Visser G. Grade and symmetry of normal fetal cortical development: a longitudinal two- and three-dimensional ultrasound study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2010; 36:700-708. [PMID: 20521241 DOI: 10.1002/uog.7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies have shown the capability of ultrasound to demonstrate fetal cortical development. For practical application, it would be useful to have more insight into the physiological progress of cortical folding. A longitudinal study was undertaken to grade fetal cortical development and to study physiological asymmetry by means of a simple scoring system. The reproducibility of the scoring system and the differences between two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound were also examined. METHODS A cohort of 28 patients was examined by 2D and 3D ultrasound from 20 to 40 weeks of gestation. The development of selected fissures, sulci and cortical areas were graded from 0 to 5. One examination per week of gestation was randomly selected for evaluation of intraobserver and interobserver variation. RESULTS Two-hundred and fifteen ultrasound examinations were performed in 28 patients. The development of the different cortical areas is presented. The intraobserver and interobserver agreement for assessment of grade was good. Asymmetry was common between 24 and 28 weeks, especially in female fetuses. The right parieto-occipital fissure tended to be more advanced and the left calcarine and cingulate sulci tended to be more advanced. No clinically or statistically significant differences were found between 2D and 3D ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of cortical development by means of a simple scoring system is feasible and reproducible. Asymmetrical development of sulci, previously only described in vitro, has now also been demonstrated in vivo. 3D ultrasound was equally accurate and repeatable and no more time consuming than 2D ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Pistorius
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Koster MPH, Stoutenbeek P, Visser GHA, Schielen PCJI. Trisomy 18 and 13 screening: consequences for the Dutch Down syndrome screening programme. Prenat Diagn 2010; 30:287-9. [PMID: 20112231 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wortelboer EJ, Linskens IH, Koster MPH, Stoutenbeek P, Cuckle H, Blankenstein MA, Visser GHA, van Vugt JMG, Schielen PCJI. ADAM12s as a first-trimester screening marker of trisomy. Prenat Diagn 2009; 29:866-9. [PMID: 19544290 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of maternal serum A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 12-S (ADAM12s) as an additional marker for the combined test in the Dutch first-trimester national Down syndrome (DS) screening program. METHODS Serum samples were collected between 2004 and 2007 as part of the national program. A total of 218 singleton cases of trisomy 21 (DS), 62 trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) and 29 trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) were identified. All cases were matched with controls for gestation, maternal weight and maternal age. The serum concentration of ADAM12s was determined 'blind' to outcome and expressed in multiples of the gestation-specific median for controls (MoM). RESULTS The median ADAM12s was 1.00 MoM in controls and in the DS cases at 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 weeks it was 0.45 (n = 3), 0.73 (22), 0.74 (53), 0.85 (37), 0.92 (71), 1.06 (32) MoM, respectively. The median for trisomy 18 was 0.85 MoM and for trisomy 13 0.63 MoM. CONCLUSION The ADAM12s MoM values were clearly reduced in early first-trimester for all trisomies. However, the screening performance for DS did not greatly improve adding ADAM12s. ADAM12s could be an additional biochemical marker for first-trimester screening for trisomies other than DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Wortelboer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Van Der Vossen S, Pistorius LR, Mulder EJH, Platenkamp M, Stoutenbeek P, Visser GHA, Gooskens RHJM. Role of prenatal ultrasound in predicting survival and mental and motor functioning in children with spina bifida. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 34:253-258. [PMID: 19670337 DOI: 10.1002/uog.6423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine which prenatal ultrasound findings can predict survival and mental and motor functioning in children with spina bifida. METHODS Prenatal ultrasound examinations of all liveborn children who were prenatally diagnosed with spina bifida between 1997 and 2002 at the University Medical Centre, Utrecht (n = 41) were retrospectively reviewed for lesion level, head circumference, ventriculomegaly, scoliosis and talipes. These measures were correlated with postnatal anatomical (as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) and functional lesion levels, survival and motor and mental outcome at 5 years of age. The capacity of prenatal ultrasonography to determine lesion level was also assessed in all fetuses diagnosed with spina bifida from 2006-2007 (n = 18). RESULTS Nineteen infants died before the age of 5 years. Multivariate regression analysis showed that higher lesion level and head circumference > or = the 90th percentile on prenatal ultrasound examination were independent predictors of demise (P < 0.05 and P = 0.01, respectively). None of the ultrasound features was a predictor of motor or mental functioning. Ultrasound predicted anatomical lesion level within one level of the postnatal findings in 50% of the first cohort and 89% of the second cohort (P < 0.01). The level of the anatomical lesion as assessed by postnatal MRI differed from the functional lesion by as many as six vertebral levels. CONCLUSIONS Lesion level and head circumference on prenatal ultrasound are predictive of survival in children with spina bifida. No predictors were found for mental or motor function at the age of 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van Der Vossen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3508 AB, The Netherlands
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Meijer-Hoogeveen M, Roos C, Arabin B, Stoutenbeek P, Visser GHA. Transvaginal ultrasound measurement of cervical length in the supine and upright positions versus Bishop score in predicting successful induction of labor at term. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2009; 33:213-220. [PMID: 19173229 DOI: 10.1002/uog.6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the predictive value of cervical length as measured by transvaginal sonography (TVS) in supine and upright maternal positions for the mode of delivery and induction-to-delivery interval after induction of labor at term, and to compare these measurements with the Bishop score and its predictive value. METHODS TVS for cervical length measurement in the supine and upright positions and digital examination of the cervix were performed in 68 nulliparous and 34 parous women before induction of labor at term. In assessing the predictive value of the Bishop score and TVS parameters for a vaginal delivery after labor induction only nulliparous women were included in the analysis, since all the parous women delivered vaginally. Both nulliparous and parous women were included in the analysis of the induction-to-delivery interval. The method of labor induction, oxytocin or prostaglandin, was determined on the basis of the pre-induction Bishop score. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed in nulliparous women that only the cervical length measured in the upright position was a significant predictor of the need for Cesarean section (odds ratio 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.27). The areas under the receiver-operating characteristics curve in predicting the need for Cesarean section because of failure to progress were higher for the cervical length, both in supine and upright positions, than for the Bishop score (0.66, 0.68 and 0.46, respectively). Only the Bishop score correlated significantly with the induction-to-delivery interval in both nulliparous and parous women. However, this may have been due to a selection bias, as no significant correlation with Bishop score was found when the oxytocin and prostaglandin induction-to-delivery intervals were analyzed separately. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that maternal postural change might improve the accuracy of sonographically-measured cervical length for predicting a vaginal delivery after induction of labor at term. However, our results need to be confirmed in a larger and more homogeneous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meijer-Hoogeveen
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Meijer-Hoogeveen M, Stoutenbeek P, Visser GHA. Transperineal versus transvaginal sonographic cervical length measurement in second- and third-trimester pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 32:657-662. [PMID: 18816491 DOI: 10.1002/uog.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the reliability of, and patient satisfaction with, transperineal cervical length measurement during the third trimester of pregnancy and to compare these with measurement during the mid-trimester, using transvaginal sonographic imaging of the cervix as a reference. METHODS Women attending an outpatient clinic for cervical length measurement before 29 weeks or after 35 weeks of gestation were examined by transvaginal and transperineal ultrasound and the results compared. Preference for either method was indicated by both sonographers and patients. RESULTS Seventy-one patients participated in the study, 23 in the second and 48 in the third trimester of pregnancy. There was failure to obtain a clear image on transperineal ultrasound in 30% of mid-trimester pregnancies, and in 19% of third-trimester cases. Elevation of the patient's hips improved the image in five out of 10 women in whom the scan was repeated following a postural change. Transvaginal cervical length measurements could be obtained in all cases. There was a strong correlation between transvaginal and transperineal measured cervical length (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.85). Sonographers preferred transvaginal images of the cervix irrespective of whether they were obtained in the second or third trimester. Transperineal ultrasound was judged as not or mildly painful by most women, but transvaginal ultrasound was preferred. CONCLUSIONS Transvaginal ultrasound is the least painful, most feasible, and probably most accurate method with which to measure cervical length in the third trimester of pregnancy. Transperineal ultrasound is a feasible alternative, although its application in clinical practice is restricted by the need for an experienced sonographer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meijer-Hoogeveen
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Koster MPH, Van Leeuwen-Spruijt M, Wortelboer EJ, Stoutenbeek P, Elvers LH, Loeber JG, Visser GHA, Schielen PCJI. Lack of standardization in determining gestational age for prenatal screening. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 32:607-611. [PMID: 18720453 DOI: 10.1002/uog.5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether estimation of gestational age (GA) in the context of first-trimester Down syndrome screening is standardized in the Netherlands. METHODS This was a retrospective study, carried out between January 2005 and December 2006, of women who underwent first-trimester Down syndrome screening (n = 40,730) based on GA, maternal serum analysis and nuchal translucency (NT) measurement. Date of the last menstrual period (LMP), dating scan information including measurement of crown-rump length (CRL), NT thickness and name of the sonographer were recorded for all pregnancies. The accuracy of estimation of GA was evaluated by comparing the GA based on the LMP with that estimated from the CRL, using relevant subsets of the database. A survey of 104 sonographers was performed to further investigate the findings of the preceding analysis. RESULTS In 44% of all first-trimester combined tests the estimation of GA was based on the dating scan; the method of determination of GA was unknown in 23%. In 15% of all cases a dating scan was recorded but was not used to provide the estimation of GA at blood sampling. Detailed analysis showed that a consistent methodology for the estimation of GA from CRL was not maintained within hospitals and obstetric practices. For a single CRL, the reported GA differed by up to 10 days. Finally, it was demonstrated that individual sonographers reported different GAs for a given CRL. CONCLUSIONS Currently, estimation of GA in the first trimester in the Netherlands is not standardized. To improve the performance of prenatal screening for Down syndrome, estimation of GA should be based on ultrasound examination, with one nationally accepted CRL curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P H Koster
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Perinatal Screening, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Meijer-Hoogeveen M, Van Holsbeke C, Van Der Tweel I, Stoutenbeek P, Visser GHA. Sonographic longitudinal cervical length measurements in nulliparous women at term: prediction of spontaneous onset of labor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 32:652-656. [PMID: 18702094 DOI: 10.1002/uog.5291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to predict spontaneous onset of labor by serial transvaginal ultrasound measurement of cervical length (CL) in a homogeneous population of nulliparous women at term. METHODS 162 nulliparous women with singleton fetuses in cephalic presentation were examined at weekly intervals from 36 weeks' gestation to delivery. CL was measured by transvaginal ultrasound in the supine and upright positions. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in CL in the last 12 days prior to delivery. However, this decrease was small with substantial variation between individuals. Women with spontaneous onset of labor could be divided into three different groups: those with unchanged CL before delivery; those with a fall in CL in the last 2 weeks prior to delivery; and those with a gradual change in CL starting before the last 2 weeks prior to delivery. A single CL measurement below 30 mm between 37 and 38 weeks of gestation predicted spontaneous onset of labor before 41 weeks' gestation with a sensitivity of 46%, specificity of 78%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 82%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 40% in the supine position; and sensitivity of 53%, specificity of 72%, PPV of 81%, NPV of 40% in the upright position. CONCLUSION Between 37 and 38 weeks' gestation, spontaneous onset of labor before 41 weeks can be predicted by a CL measurement, but with low sensitivity and NPV. Inter-individual variations in CL and in CL changes are large, which hampers the value of single and repeated CL measurements for the prediction of spontaneous onset of labor at term.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meijer-Hoogeveen
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Freund M, Stoutenbeek P, ter Heide H, Pistorius L. 'Tobacco pipe' sign in the fetus: patent left superior vena cava with absent right superior vena cava. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 32:593-594. [PMID: 18690613 DOI: 10.1002/uog.5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Freund M, Stoutenbeek P, van der Laan M, ter Heide H, Evens J, Strengers J, Haas F. Aortico-Right Ventricular Tunnel: Prenatal Diagnosis Leading to Neonatal Survival. Fetal Diagn Ther 2007; 22:335-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Meijer-Hoogeveen M, Van Holsbeke C, van der Tweel I, Stoutenbeek P, Visser GHA. Sonographic longitudinal cervical length measurements in nulliparous women at term; prediction of spontaneous onset of labour. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1002958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Meijer-Hoogeveen M, Roos C, Arabin B, Stoutenbeek P, Visser GHA. Prediction of the outcome of labour induction at term by transvaginal ultrasound in supine and upright position. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1002959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Breur JMPJ, Visser GHA, Kruize AA, Stoutenbeek P, Meijboom EJ. Treatment of fetal heart block with maternal steroid therapy: case report and review of the literature. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004; 24:467-472. [PMID: 15343606 DOI: 10.1002/uog.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The presence of maternal autoantibodies to SS-A/Ro and/or SS-B/La is associated with the development of fetal heart block. There are data suggesting that maternal treatment with steroids might reverse heart block. We report on a pregnancy in a mother with secondary Sjögren syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus with presence of autoantibodies to SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La, which was complicated by the development of incomplete fetal heart block. Oral dexamethasone treatment could not prevent progression to complete heart block and was associated with a number of complications.A review of the literature revealed 19 studies (including ours) in which 93 cases of fetal heart block were treated with maternal steroid therapy. Complete heart block proved irreversible in all cases; and of 13 fetuses with incomplete heart block which received maternal steroid therapy, three had a reduction in their degree of block and one reverted to sinus rhythm. Maternal steroid therapy, initiated early in pregnancy and potentially preventing the onset of heart block, did not decrease the incidence of heart block in nine studies with 43 cases. Furthermore, the literature review revealed numerous serious side effects of maternal steroid administration during pregnancy. Data on these potential side effects are lacking in the 28 studies discussed in this review. Maternal dexamethasone therapy to prevent or treat fetal heart block remains, in our opinion, a questionable intervention and can as yet not be recommended in the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M P J Breur
- Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Oudijk MA, Gooskens RHJM, Stoutenbeek P, De Vries LS, Visser GHA, Meijboom EJ. Neurological outcome of children who were treated for fetal tachycardia complicated by hydrops. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004; 24:154-158. [PMID: 15287052 DOI: 10.1002/uog.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal tachycardia is a condition associated with congestive heart failure and development of fetal hydrops, which may result in neurological morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term outcome of hydropic fetuses. METHODS This was a retrospective study on cognitive and neurological functioning of 11 infants, aged 6 months to 12 years, who experienced fetal tachycardia complicated by hydrops. RESULTS Seven fetuses had supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), three had atrial flutter (AF) and one had ventricular tachycardia (VT). Nine fetuses converted to sinus rhythm within a mean time of 8.2 days of presentation; resolution of hydrops was achieved in six of these patients in a mean time of 8.8 days. Mean gestational age (GA) at birth was 35 + 4 weeks. Neonatal cranial ultrasound was normal in seven infants and all but one of these were normal at follow-up: one infant who initially had no abnormalities developed multiple cerebral lesions as a result of a malignant long QT syndrome (LQTS) and died at the age of 2 years. Three infants had periventricular echogenicity (PVE) on neonatal cranial ultrasound, associated with a pseudocyst in one infant. The remaining infant showed a parenchymal hemorrhage of antenatal onset, seen as a porencephalic cyst at birth. One of these infants was normal at follow-up, one died 2 days after birth and two infants had neurological abnormalities at follow-up, consisting of mild hemiplegia with normal cognitive function in one, and a cognitive developmental delay in the other. CONCLUSIONS In this study, neurological outcome was good in eight out of 11 infants. Initiation of therapy should not be withheld or delayed on the assumption of poor neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Oudijk
- Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT) tends to be a persistent arrhythmia and requires aggressive therapeutic management. Diagnosis and management of this infrequently occurring tachycardia in the fetus at an early stage is of importance for the prevention of congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS A retrospective study of four fetuses with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) of the PJRT type was performed. RESULTS All had sustained SVT (mean of 228 beats/min) at a mean gestational age of 34 + 5 weeks, with CHF present in two. Three fetuses had prenatal characteristics of PJRT on M-mode echocardiography with a ventriculoatrial (VA)/atrioventricular ratio of > 1 on M-mode echocardiography suggesting a slow conducting accessory pathway. All four fetuses had postnatal confirmation of the diagnosis. Transplacental treatment with flecainide was effective in one patient; sotalol as a single drug or in combination with digoxin was partially effective in the remaining three. Two developed sinus rhythm, with short intermittent periods of tachycardia and decreasing signs of CHF; one case showed a minimal decrease in heart rate. Oral propranolol therapy converted two patients postnatally; in the remaining two patients radiofrequency ablation was performed at the age of 5 months and 6 years. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of our prenatal PJRT cases included a sustained heart rate not exceeding 240 beats/min with a long VA interval, the presence of CHF and therapy resistance. Transplacental treatment should be initiated, possibly with a combination of sotalol and digoxin in non-hydropic cases, or flecainide, especially in case of fetal hydrops. Pharmacological therapy is to be preferred postnatally, but radiofrequency ablation seems to be indicated in therapy-resistant cases with CHF, even in the first months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Oudijk
- Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Verheijen PM, Michon MM, Lisowski LA, Oudijk MA, Stoutenbeek P, Meijboom EJ. [Correlation between prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and findings from autopsies or neonatal operations due to structural congenital heart defects; a retrospective analysis]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2002; 146:2297-302. [PMID: 12497759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the contribution of the prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of structural congenital heart defects to the care of patients requiring surgery for their condition in the neonatal period. DESIGN Retrospective. METHOD During the period January 1991-June 1999, data were collected from two groups of children. One group had a structural heart defect diagnosed prenatally and the other underwent a neonatal operation due to a heart defect. In the prenatal group, the management and follow-up were analysed, whilst in the surgery group, the extent to which ultrasound investigation had been performed and whether there was a relationship between prenatal diagnosis and the severity of acidosis were analysed. RESULTS A structural heart defect was found through prenatal ultrasound in 170 children and 64% of these prenatally diagnosed patients died before or immediately after birth, or the pregnancy was aborted. 14% underwent surgery within 31 days post partum. This last category formed an overlap with the surgery group. The surgery group contained 191 patients, who required surgery in the neonatal period, including 24 from the prenatal group. In total, 87% had no prenatal diagnosis. In the group with a prenatal diagnosis pre-operative lactate values were significantly lower. CONCLUSION The heart defect was only diagnosed prenatally in 13% of the patients from the surgery group, although this would have been technically feasible in 46%. Better prenatal diagnosis of heart disease could contribute to a better counselling of parents in their choice between abortion, conservative treatment or emergency surgery. In the case of emergency surgery, prenatal detection might lead to a decrease in morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Verheijen
- Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, afd. Kinderhartcentrum, Postbus 85.090, 3508 AB Utrecht
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Verheijen PM, Lisowski LA, Stoutenbeek P, Hitchcock JF, Bennink GBWE, Meijboom EJ. Lactacidosis in the neonate is minimized by prenatal detection of congenital heart disease. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 19:552-555. [PMID: 12047532 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of prenatal detection of congenital heart disease on preventing severe preoperative lactacidosis. DESIGN Patients operated upon for congenital heart disease during the first 31 days of life (n = 209) were studied retrospectively, 21 were diagnosed prenatally and 188 patients had not been diagnosed prenatally. Preoperative lactate, pH and base excess were evaluated. RESULTS Differences were noted in preoperative pH (7.28 +/- 0.03 vs. 7.24 +/- 0.01, P = 0.29), base excess (-5.83 +/- 0.64 vs. -6.93 +/- 0.46 mmol/L, P = 0.10) and lactate (3.05 +/- 0.35 vs. 6.08 +/- 0.45 mmol/L, P < 0.001), indicating a significant difference in blood lactate values in favor of the prenatally diagnosed group. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease and the resulting immediate postnatal care prevent lactate increase in the preoperative period of these patients. This may decrease the risk of cerebral damage and result in the patient being in better condition at surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Verheijen
- Department of Obstetric, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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de Jong PT, de Jong BC, Stoutenbeek P, Peterson KL. Eyes on the Lab. Lab Med 2001. [DOI: 10.1309/ptd3-rr2l-8wbq-7ddv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paulus T.V.M. de Jong
- The Netherlands Ophthalmic Institute, Department, the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bouke C.H. de Jong
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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20
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van Westreenen HL, de Vries LS, Gooskens RH, Nikkels PG, Stoutenbeek P, Meijboom EJ. [Aneurysm of the V. magna cerebri (vein of Galen), a cause of congestive heart failure in five neonates]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2001; 145:1602-5. [PMID: 11534379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
In five neonates (4 girls and 1 boy) with aneurysm of the V. magna cerebri, clinical signs of congestive heart failure were encountered. In three of the neonates the symptoms were detected postnatally and in two prenatally. In one of the prenatally detected cases the aneurysm was treated by embolisation during the first week of life. Upon follow-up at six years of age, this patient's situation was stable but hydrocephalus had led to poor visuomotor development, mild motor retardation and mental retardation. In the other infants, medicinal treatment of the congestive heart failure was discontinued in view of ischaemic brain damage, and these patients subsequently died. Congestive heart failure often develops in neonates with an aneurysm of the V. magna cerebri due to low cerebrovascular resistance. A continuous murmur over the skull is pathognomonic for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L van Westreenen
- Afd. Kindercardiologie, Universitair Medisch Centrum, locatie Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Postbus 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht
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Abstract
We report three siblings from consecutive pregnancies affected with restrictive dermopathy (RD). During the second pregnancy, fetal behavioural development and growth were studied extensively using ultrasound at 1-4 week intervals. Dramatic and sudden changes occurred in fetal body movements and growth but not until the end of the second trimester of pregnancy. Prominent at that time were prolonged periods of fetal quiescence and very low heart rate variability, together with abnormally executed body movements of short duration. Retarded femoral development and jerky abrupt fetal body movements (abnormal movement quality) were already present in the early second trimester of pregnancy. Facial anomalies emerged despite the presence of fetal mouth movements. The clinical features of RD were only partly explained by present knowledge of skin development and the fetal akinesia deformation sequence hypothesis. Quantitative assessment of fetal movements proved to be a poor early marker for antenatal diagnosis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Mulder
- Department of Obstetrics, Neonatology, and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Oudijk MA, Ambachtsheer EB, Stoutenbeek P, Meijboom EJ. [Protocols for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardias in the fetus]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2001; 145:1218-9. [PMID: 11447879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
The protocols mentioned are used by Utrecht University Hospital for the treatment of foetal supraventricular tachycardias. In the case of atrial flutters the pregnant woman is treated with sotalol administered orally and, if no sinus rhythm is obtained nor a reduced ventricular rhythm occurs, subsequently with digoxin. If there is no hydrops foetalis then this is also the treatment regimen for other forms of foetal supraventricular tachycardia. In the case of hydrops foetalis the treatment is more aggressive: digoxin intravenously or flecanide orally; if the rhythm does not convert into a sinus rhythm nor a reduced ventricular rhythm occurs then both of these medications are administered; if that also proves to be insufficient then direct foetal therapy can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Oudijk
- Afd. Obstetrie, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, locatie Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Postbus 85.090, 3508 AB Utrecht
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Verheijen PM, Lisowski LA, Stoutenbeek P, Hitchcock JF, Brenner JI, Copel JA, Kleinman CS, Meijboom EJ, Bennink GB. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease affects preoperative acidosis in the newborn patient. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001; 121:798-803. [PMID: 11279423 DOI: 10.1067/mtc.2001.112825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Congenital heart disease is the leading cause of death in the first year after birth. Prenatal diagnosis of the disease can optimize the preoperative condition of the patient and may help in the prevention of acidosis. In this retrospective study we compared the occurrence of metabolic acidosis in patients with and without prenatal diagnosis of a congenital heart disease. METHODS Data of 408 patients who needed an operation for congenital heart disease within 31 days of life were analyzed retrospectively. Arterial blood gases at fixed time intervals and worst blood gas of 81 patients with and 327 patients without a prenatal diagnosis were compared, categorizing the patients on ductus dependency, anticipated univentricular or biventricular repair, and left-sided, right-sided, or no heart obstruction. RESULTS In the overall group significant differences in lowest pH, lowest base excess, and highest lactate level were found, with metabolic acidosis more common among the patients with a postnatal diagnosis. In the group of patients with ductus-dependent congenital heart disease, the difference between patients receiving a prenatal and those receiving a postnatal diagnosis was more significant than in the group with non-ductus-dependent lesions. Analyzing patients with right-sided, left-sided, and no obstruction separately, significant differences were found in the group with left-sided heart obstruction for lowest pH and base excess and in the group with right-sided heart obstruction for lowest base excess. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease minimizes metabolic acidosis in patients with congenital heart disease and may be associated with improved long-term outcome and prevention of cerebral damage among this fragile group of patients, although no significant effect on direct surgical outcome was encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Verheijen
- Departments of Obstetrics, Pediatric Cardiology, and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Gerards FA, Stoutenbeek P, Gooskens RH, Beek FJ, Groenendaal F. [Diagnostic value of prenatal MRI in fetus with intracranial anomalies diagnosed by ultrasonography]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2001; 145:179-84. [PMID: 11213565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the value of prenatal MRI in the third trimester in the foetus with intracranial lesions established by ultrasonography. DESIGN Descriptive. METHOD During a period of one year, prenatal MRI was performed in 12 patients after ultrasonography had revealed intracranial lesions in the foetus. Postnatally, ultrasonography, MRI or postmortem examination of the brain was performed in 11 children. The MRI examination was carried out in a 1.5 Tesla field. Rapid, T2-weighted images were obtained. To immobilize the child, the pregnant women were sedated. RESULTS In 5 cases, prenatal ultrasonography and prenatal MRI resulted in the same diagnosis. In seven cases, MRI provided more information. Postnatal examination confirmed the prenatal diagnosis in 10 of the 11 cases. In one case, maceration rendered supplementary examination impossible. CONCLUSION MRI may be regarded as a valuable alternative diagnostic aid if prenatal ultrasonography is incomplete or the findings are uncertain or limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Gerards
- Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, locatie Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht
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25
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Verboon-Maciolek MA, Gerards LJ, Stoutenbeek P, van Loon AM. [Congenital infection: diagnostic serology of the mother not always definitive]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2001; 145:153-6. [PMID: 11213556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
In 2 infants, a girl and a boy, congenital viral infection was diagnosed in the neonatal period. The prenatal examination (serologic investigation for Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus and syphilis (TORCHES)) was negative. In both cases prenatal ultrasonography was abnormal and suggested intrauterine infection. The infants were born with typical symptoms of multisystem disease, known as symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection (jaundice, petechiae, hepatosplenomegaly, intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly and cerebral calcifications) and congenital rubella syndrome (intrauterine growth retardation, congenital heart disease, cataract, hepatosplenomegaly and cerebral calcifications), respectively. Both had severe cerebral damage. To diagnose severe congenital infection in the first trimester of pregnancy in presence of congenital anomalies in utero there are other possible methods than TORCHES investigation, such as polymerase chain reaction and virus culture in amniotic fluid or in foetal blood obtained by cord puncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Verboon-Maciolek
- Universitair Medisch Centrum/Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis, Postbus 85.090, 3508 AB Utrecht
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal tachycardia may cause hydrops fetalis and lead to fetal death. No unanimity of opinion exists regarding the optimum treatment. This study evaluates our experience with transplacental sotalol therapy to treat fetal tachycardias in terms of safety and efficacy. METHODS AND RESULTS The charts of 21 patients who were treated with sotalol for fetal tachycardia were reviewed. Ten fetuses had atrial flutter (AF), 10 had supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), and 1 had VT. Hydrops fetalis was present in 9 fetuses. Drug treatment was successful in establishing sinus rhythm in 8 of 10 fetuses with AF and in 6 of 10 fetuses with SVT. The mortality rate in this study was 19% (4 of 21 fetuses; 3 had SVT and 1 had AF); 3 deaths occurred just days after the initiation of sotalol therapy, and 1 occurred after a dosage increase. At birth, tachycardia was present in 6 infants. Two patients who converted to sinus rhythm in utero suffered from neurologic pathology postnatally. CONCLUSIONS Fetal tachycardia is a serious condition in which treatment should be initiated, especially in the presence of hydrops fetalis. The high success rate in fetuses with AF suggests that sotalol should be considered a drug of first choice to treat fetal AF. The low conversion rate and the fact that 3 of the 4 deaths in this study occurred in fetuses with SVT indicate that the risks of sotalol therapy outweigh the benefits in this group and that sotalol should, therefore, be limited in the treatment of fetal SVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Oudijk
- Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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27
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Christiaens GC, de Pater JM, Stoutenbeek P, Drogtrop A, Wanders RJ, Beemer FA. First trimester nuchal anomalies as a prenatal sign of Zellweger syndrome. Prenat Diagn 2000; 20:520-1. [PMID: 10861722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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28
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Lisowski LA, Verheijen PM, Benatar AA, Soyeur DJ, Stoutenbeek P, Brenner JI, Kleinman CS, Meijboom EJ. Atrial flutter in the perinatal age group: diagnosis, management and outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35:771-7. [PMID: 10716482 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate perinatal atrial flutter (AF) and the efficacy of maternally administered antiarrhythmic agents, postpartum management and outcome. BACKGROUND Perinatal AF is a potentially lethal arrhythmia, and management of this disorder is difficult and controversial. METHODS Forty-five patients with documented AF were studied retrospectively. RESULTS Atrial flutter was diagnosed prenatally in 44 fetuses and immediately postnatally in 1 neonate. Fetal hydrops was seen in 20 patients; 17 received maternal therapy, 2 were delivered and 1 was not treated because it had a severe nontreatable cardiac malformation. In the nonhydropic group of 24 patients, 18 were treated and the remaining 6 were delivered immediately. In the hydropic group, 10 received single-drug therapy (digoxin or sotalol) and 7 received multidrug therapy. In the nonhydropic group, 13 received a single drug (digoxin or sotalol) and 5 received multiple drugs. One patient with rapid 1:1 atrioventricular conduction (heart rate 480 beats/min) died in utero and another died due to a combination of severe hydrops because of the AF, sotalol medication, stenosis of the venous duct and hypoplastic placenta. Of the 43 live-born infants, 12 were in AF at birth. Electrical cardioversion was successful in eight of nine patients. No recurrences in AF have occurred beyond the neonatal period. Four patients with fetal flutter and hydrops showed significant neurological pathology immediately after birth. CONCLUSIONS Fetal AF is a serious and threatening rhythm disorder, particularly when it causes hydrops, it may be associated with fetal death or neurological damage. Treatment is required and primarily aimed at reaching an adequate ventricular rate and preferably conversion to sinus rhythm. Digoxin failed in prevention of recurrence at time of delivery in a quarter of our patients, whereas with sotalol no recurrence of AF has been reported, suggesting that class III agents may be the future therapy. Once fetuses with AF survive without neurological pathology, their future is good and prophylaxis beyond the neonatal period is unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Lisowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Pediatric Cardiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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29
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Scheres JM, de Pater JM, Stoutenbeek P, Wijmenga C, Rosenberg C, Pearson PL. Isochromosome 1q as the sole chromosomal abnormality in two fetal teratomas. Possible trisomic or tetrasomic zygote rescue in fetal teratoma with an additional isochromosome 1q. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1999; 115:1-10. [PMID: 10565292 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An isochromosome of the long arm of chromosome 1 leading to tetrasomy 1q was detected as the sole chromosomal aberration in two cases of fetal teratoma arising from the oral cavity. This type of teratoma is extremely rare and has seldom been investigated cytogenetically. Studies of DNA markers in the tumor, normal fetal skin, and parental cells demonstrated that in both cases the additional 1q material was of maternal origin. In one of the patients, the teratoma had maternal 1q marker alleles that were not found in the fetal body cells. This implies that the tumor was not derived in a direct way from the fetal body tissue; instead, the chromosomally-normal fetus might be the result of some trisomic or tetrasomic zygote rescue mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Scheres
- Division of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Stoutenbeek P, Bruinse HW, de Vries LS. [Discordant fetal growth in multiple pregnancy: intervention should be based on chorionicity]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1999; 143:1889-90. [PMID: 10526604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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31
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Zondervan HA, Stoutenbeek P, Arabin B, van Binsbergen CJ, Hasaart TH, Nijhuis JG, Sollie-Szarynska KM. [Third circulation: twin transfusion syndrome]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1999; 143:1022-7. [PMID: 10368727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The estimated incidence in the Netherlands of serious previable twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome is 50-100 cases per year. The polyhydramnion-oligohydramnion sequence is the most prominent feature. Prognosis without treatment is dismal: previable preterm birth. Risk of serious morbidity in the surviving twin in case of foetal demise of the other is impressive. Once the diagnosis of monochorionicity has been made in the first trimester, detailed ultrasound examination is mandatory for early recognition of the development of the syndrome, as therapeutic options exist. Therapeutic options include piercing of the intertwin membrane, repeated amniocenteses or laser occlusion of the chorionic vasculature. In seven Dutch centres over three years time 61 cases were identified: 36 needed intervention; 63 (of the 122) children survived, 10 with longterm morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Zondervan
- Afd. Verloskunde en Gynaecologie, Academisch Medisch Centrum/Universiteit van Amsterdam.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal tachyarrhythmia is a well-documented entity which, in the absence of pharmacological intervention, may lead to congestive heart failure, fetal hydrops and eventually fetal demise. The success rate of the implemented treatment is generally measured by survival and achievement of control of the arrhythmia. We report on the occurrence of associated cerebral damage in three patients with fetal tachycardia. METHODS We describe three patients with a history of fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia who developed cerebral complications in utero. RESULTS Two patients had cerebral hypoxic-ischemic lesions and one had hemorrhagic lesions present at birth. They had developed severe congestive heart failure and fetal hydrops secondary to fetal tachyarrhythmia, and there were no other obvious causes for the cerebral pathology. Two of these patients were referred to us antenatally. Therapy was instituted and resulted in control of the tachycardia and resolution of hydrops. The third patient was referred to our clinic shortly after birth because of severe circulatory problems secondary to fetal tachyarrhythmia. CONCLUSION From these observations, we believe that a fetus with tachyarrhythmia and subsequent hydrops is at increased risk for the development of cerebral complications, due to the circulatory disturbances and sudden changes in heart rate which may lead to fluctuations in cerebral perfusion. This would imply that it is of the utmost importance to aim at immediate and complete control of the heart rate in the treatment of fetal tachyarrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Schade
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital/Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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van Zelderen-Bhola SL, Breslau-Siderius EJ, Beverstock GC, Stolte-Dijkstra I, de Vries LS, Stoutenbeek P, de Pater JM. Prenatal and postnatal investigation of a case with Miller-Dieker syndrome due to a familial cryptic translocation t(17;20) (p13.3;q13.3) detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Prenat Diagn 1997; 17:173-9. [PMID: 9061768 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199702)17:2<173::aid-pd30>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We present here a case report of a fetus with a kidney anomaly and dilated occipital horns, detected initially by echoscopy at 29 weeks' amenorrhoea. After 31 weeks of gestation, the proband was born with clinical symptoms of Miller-Dieker syndrome. This was subsequently confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), but not by conventional cytogenetic analysis. FISH using a cocktail of cosmids (c197-2, c197-4, c197-9) from the Miller-Dieker critical region showed a deletion of 17p13.3 in one homologue of chromosome 17. Additional FISH studies revealed a subtle 17p;20q translocation in the father, his sister, and the paternal grandmother. Hence, our patient is a carrier of an unbalanced 17;20 translocation resulting in a partial deletion of 17p and a partial trisomy 20q. Whenever kidney anomalies and dilated occipital horns are observed together with polyhydramnios during prenatal ultrasound examination, the possibility of Miller-Dieker syndrome should be suspected. In such cases, prenatal and/or postnatal chromosome studies should also include FISH analysis with the appropriate probes.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnostic imaging
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Brain/abnormalities
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Gestational Age
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Infant, Newborn
- Kidney/abnormalities
- Kidney/diagnostic imaging
- Male
- Occipital Lobe/abnormalities
- Occipital Lobe/diagnostic imaging
- Pedigree
- Pregnancy
- Syndrome
- Translocation, Genetic
- Trisomy
- Ultrasonography, Prenatal
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de Pater JM, Schuring-Blom GH, van den Bogaard R, van der Sijs-Bos CJ, Christiaens GC, Stoutenbeek P, Leschot NJ. Maternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 22 in a child with generalized mosaicism for trisomy 22. Prenat Diagn 1997; 17:81-6. [PMID: 9021833 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199701)17:1<81::aid-pd29>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on a case of generalized mosaicism for trisomy 22. At chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in the 37th week of pregnancy, a 47,XX,+22 karyotype was detected in all cells. The indication for CVS was severe unexplained symmetrical intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and a ventricular septal defect (VSD) was noted. In cultured cells from amniotic fluid taken simultaneously, only two out of ten clones were trisomic. At term, a growth-retarded girl with mild dysmorphic features was born. Lymphocytes showed a normal 46,XX[50] karyotype; both chromosomes 22 were maternal in origin (maternal uniparental disomy). Investigation of the placenta post-delivery using fluorescence in situ hybridization showed a low presence of trisomy 22 cells in only one out of 14 biopsies. In cultured fibroblasts of skin tissue, a mosaic 47,XX,+22[7]/46,XX[25] was observed. Clinical follow-up is given up to 19 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M de Pater
- Clinical Genetics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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de Vries LS, Beek FJ, Stoutenbeek P. Lenticulostriate vasculopathy in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: sonographic and CT findings. Pediatr Radiol 1995; 25 Suppl 1:S41-2. [PMID: 8577550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lenticulostriate vasculopathy can be seen in an increasing number of clinical conditions, among which congenital infections and chromosomal abnormalities are best known. Two further patients with this ultrasound finding are reported, who were both recipients in the twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S de Vries
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, P. O. Box 18009, 3501 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate fetal tachycardia and the efficacy of maternally administered antiarrhythmic agents and the effect of this therapy on delivery and postpartum management. BACKGROUND Sustained fetal tachycardia is a potentially life-threatening condition in which pharmacologic therapy is reported to be effective. There is ongoing discussion about optimal management. METHODS A group of 51 patients with M-mode echocardiographically documented fetal tachycardia was studied retrospectively. RESULTS Thirty-three fetuses had supraventricular tachycardia; 15 had atrial flutter; 1 had two episodes of both; and 2 had ventricular tachycardia. Fetal hydrops was seen in 22 patients. Thirty-four fetuses received maternal therapy with either digoxin or flecainide as the first administered drug (additional drugs were given in 12). Drug treatment was successful in establishing acceptable rhythm control in 82% (84% without, 80% with hydrops). In the latter group the median number of drugs and number of days to conversion were higher. Three patients with fetal hydrops died. In 50% of cases, tachycardia reappeared at delivery: 9 neonates presented with atrial flutter, 14 with supraventricular tachycardia and 1 with ventricular tachycardia. Seventy-eight percent of the group had pharmacologic therapy by 1 month of age and 14% by 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Fetal tachycardia can be treated adequately in the majority of patients, even in the presence of hydrops, and therefore emergency delivery might not be indicated. Digoxin and flecainide were drugs of first choice and produced no serious adverse effects in this series of patients. The majority of patients do not require prolonged therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D van Engelen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Korenromp MJ, Kriek R, van den Born-van den Broek H, Stoutenbeek P, Bruinse HW. [The reliability of prenatal echographic studies of neural tube defects; a prospective study]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1993; 137:1298-302. [PMID: 7688447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of antenatal ultrasound investigation in the detection of neural tube defects. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University Hospital Utrecht. METHOD Specific ultrasound investigation was carried out in 739 patients at risk for carrying a fetus with a neural tube defect. RESULTS The sensitivity of ultrasound investigation was 91.7%, the specificity 99.8%, the positive predictive value 84.6% and the negative predictive value 99.9%. CONCLUSION In our view expert ultrasonographic examination with appropriate counselling is an acceptable alternative for patients with a moderately increased risk of having a foetus with NTD and sufficiently accurate to replace invasive diagnostic procedures.
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van Oppen AC, Breslau-Siderius EJ, Stoutenbeek P, Pull Ter Gunne AJ, Merkus JM. A fetal cystic neck mass associated with maternal tuberous sclerosis. Case report and literature review. Prenat Diagn 1991; 11:915-20. [PMID: 1805196 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1970111206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis is a single gene autosomal-dominant disorder, characterized by multiple hamartoma formation. It shows a wide variability of expression. Prenatal diagnosis by means of a DNA or biochemical marker is not yet possible. Ultrasound offers the only way to detect possible antenatal hamartoma formation, which is most commonly found in the central nervous system, the renal system, and the heart. We report a case of fetal involvement that appears unique because of the unusual location of a tumour in the neck of the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C van Oppen
- Department of Obstetrics, Utrecht University Hospital, The Netherlands
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Abstract
To evaluate the risk for kidney damage in a male fetus with obstructive uropathy, a percutaneous bladder puncture was performed at 26 weeks gestational age and contrast was injected into the fetal bladder. A clear picture was obtained of the bladder with marked widening of the prostatic urethra and posterior urethral valves, and massive bilateral vesicoureteral reflux could be demonstrated. By adding cysto-urethrography to a diagnostic puncture of the fetal bladder it could be proved that the dilatation of the upper urinary tracts was caused by high-pressure vesico-ureteral reflux incurring progressive damage to the renal parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stoutenbeek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Reuwer PJ, Bruinse HW, Stoutenbeek P, Haspels AA. Doppler assessment of the fetoplacental circulation in normal and growth-retarded fetuses. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1984; 18:199-205. [PMID: 6240422 DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(84)90117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The Pulsatility Index (PI) of Doppler flow signals from umbilical arteries was used to study flow resistance of the placental villous circulation. A preliminary reference curve of PI values in normal pregnancy was composed from 23 healthy women examined every 2 wk from the 16th postmenstrual week until delivery. The gestational age-related decrease of PI values reflects a reduction of flow resistance in the placental villous circulation. In small-for-date fetuses significantly increased PI values were found, indicating that this simple technique may permit an early diagnosis of compromised fetoplacental circulation, even several weeks to months before fetal growth retardation is clinically presumed.
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Reuwer P, Stoutenbeek P, Bruinse H, Nuyen W, Heethaar R. Doppler blood flow pulsatility in the umbilical arteries. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(84)90036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Reuwer PJ, Nuyen WC, Beijer HJ, Heethaar RM, Bruinse HW, Stoutenbeek P, Haspels AA. Characteristics of flow velocities in the umbilical arteries, assessed by Doppler ultrasound. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1984; 17:397-408. [PMID: 6386563 DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(84)90005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Measuring blood velocities by Doppler ultrasound has introduced a new noninvasive technique into obstetrical diagnostics. This study evaluates the information about fetoplacental hemodynamics that can be extracted from Doppler signals obtained from umbilical arteries. The most significant blood flow characteristic is blood flow pulsatility expressed as pulsatility index (PI). The PI is the difference between systolic and diastolic velocity, divided by the mean velocity. The PI strongly correlates with downstream impedance to flow. It is demonstrated that sophisticated spectral analysis of the Doppler signals has no practical advantages over the simple zero-crossing technique for establishing PI values, since blood flow in umbilical arteries has a blunt-to-flat profile. This study shows that the PI is a gestational-age-related, intra- and inter-observer-reproducible variable. The significant decrease of PI values with advancing gestational age reflects a progressive reduction of placental vascular resistance to umbilical blood flow. The PI holds promise as a simple method for early diagnosis of impaired umbilical circulation.
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