1
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Collins SM, Köster U, Robinson AP, Ivanov P, Cocolios TE, Russell B, Fenwick AJ, Bernerd C, Stegemann S, Johnston K, Gerami AM, Chrysalidis K, Mohamud H, Ramirez N, Bhaisare A, Mewburn-Crook J, Cullen DM, Pietras B, Pells S, Dockx K, Stucki N, Regan PH. Determination of the Terbium-152 half-life from mass-separated samples from CERN-ISOLDE and assessment of the radionuclide purity. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 202:111044. [PMID: 37797447 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Terbium-152 is one of four terbium radioisotopes that together form a potential theranostic toolbox for the personalised treatment of tumours. As 152 Tb decay by positron emission it can be utilised for diagnostics by positron emission tomography. For use in radiopharmaceuticals and for activity measurements by an activity calibrator a high radionuclide purity of the material and an accurate and precise knowledge of the half-life is required. Mass-separation and radiochemical purification provide a production route of high purity 152Tb. In the current work, two mass-separated samples from the CERN-ISOLDE facility have been assayed at the National Physical Laboratory to investigate the radionuclide purity. These samples have been used to perform four measurements of the half-life by three independent techniques: high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry, ionisation chamber measurements and liquid scintillation counting. From the four measurement campaigns a half-life of 17.8784(95) h has been determined. The reported half-life shows a significant difference to the currently evaluated half-life (ζ-score = 3.77), with a relative difference of 2.2 % and an order of magnitude improvement in the precision. This work also shows that under controlled conditions the combination of mass-separation and radiochemical separation can provide high-purity 152Tb.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - U Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042, Grenoble, France
| | - A P Robinson
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK; Christie Medical Physics and Engineering (CMPE), The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK; The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - T E Cocolios
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Russell
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - A J Fenwick
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - C Bernerd
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium; CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - S Stegemann
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Johnston
- CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A M Gerami
- CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - K Chrysalidis
- CERN - European Organization for Nuclear Research, Esplanade des Particules 1, 1217, Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - H Mohamud
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - N Ramirez
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - A Bhaisare
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - J Mewburn-Crook
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - D M Cullen
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - B Pietras
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - S Pells
- The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - K Dockx
- KU Leuven, Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Stucki
- HEPIA, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P H Regan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
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2
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Goodwin MA, Gill TP, Davies AV, Britton R, Bell SJ, Regan PH. A plastic scintillator and HPGe β-γ coincidence detection system. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 201:111028. [PMID: 37748216 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A network of specialist laboratories support the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) with re-measurements of radionuclide samples, including xenon gas. The measurement of four xenon fission product radionuclides (133Xe, 135Xe, 131mXe and 133mXe) can be used to detect an underground nuclear explosion. Laboratories use a range of techniques to measure the radionuclides, including beta-gamma (β-γ) coincidence spectrometry. These highly-sensitive measurements are capable of detecting concentrations of down to 500 atoms of 133Xe in a few cm3 of xenon. In some detector systems, detection of the metastable isomers (131mXe and 133mXe) can be more challenging due to interferences between the signatures of different radionuclides. Recent work has shown that using high-purity Germanium (HPGe) high-resolution gamma detectors, these interferences can be reduced, lowering the dependence of the detection limits on radionuclide sample isotopic composition. One downside of these detectors is the reduction in detection efficiency, which impacts the overall detection sensitivity; so assessing different detector systems is a priority for radionuclide laboratories. This work presents a coincidence detector system comprising of a plastic scintillator gas cell and a large-crystal high-purity germanium detector. The energy resolution, coincidence detection efficiency, MDA and interference factors are determined from measurements of synthetic radioxenon gas samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Goodwin
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - T P Gill
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, UK
| | - A V Davies
- Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation (CTBTO), Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS), Vienna, Austria
| | - R Britton
- Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation (CTBTO), Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS), Vienna, Austria
| | - S J Bell
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - P H Regan
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
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3
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Wilson JN, Thisse D, Lebois M, Jovančević N, Gjestvang D, Canavan R, Rudigier M, Étasse D, Gerst RB, Gaudefroy L, Adamska E, Adsley P, Algora A, Babo M, Belvedere K, Benito J, Benzoni G, Blazhev A, Boso A, Bottoni S, Bunce M, Chakma R, Cieplicka-Oryńczak N, Courtin S, Cortés ML, Davies P, Delafosse C, Fallot M, Fornal B, Fraile L, Gottardo A, Guadilla V, Häfner G, Hauschild K, Heine M, Henrich C, Homm I, Ibrahim F, Iskra ŁW, Ivanov P, Jazrawi S, Korgul A, Koseoglou P, Kröll T, Kurtukian-Nieto T, Le Meur L, Leoni S, Ljungvall J, Lopez-Martens A, Lozeva R, Matea I, Miernik K, Nemer J, Oberstedt S, Paulsen W, Piersa M, Popovitch Y, Porzio C, Qi L, Ralet D, Regan PH, Rezynkina K, Sánchez-Tembleque V, Siem S, Schmitt C, Söderström PA, Sürder C, Tocabens G, Vedia V, Verney D, Warr N, Wasilewska B, Wiederhold J, Yavahchova M, Zeiser F, Ziliani S. Angular momentum generation in nuclear fission. Nature 2021; 590:566-570. [PMID: 33627809 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
When a heavy atomic nucleus splits (fission), the resulting fragments are observed to emerge spinning1; this phenomenon has been a mystery in nuclear physics for over 40 years2,3. The internal generation of typically six or seven units of angular momentum in each fragment is particularly puzzling for systems that start with zero, or almost zero, spin. There are currently no experimental observations that enable decisive discrimination between the many competing theories for the mechanism that generates the angular momentum4-12. Nevertheless, the consensus is that excitation of collective vibrational modes generates the intrinsic spin before the nucleus splits (pre-scission). Here we show that there is no significant correlation between the spins of the fragment partners, which leads us to conclude that angular momentum in fission is actually generated after the nucleus splits (post-scission). We present comprehensive data showing that the average spin is strongly mass-dependent, varying in saw-tooth distributions. We observe no notable dependence of fragment spin on the mass or charge of the partner nucleus, confirming the uncorrelated post-scission nature of the spin mechanism. To explain these observations, we propose that the collective motion of nucleons in the ruptured neck of the fissioning system generates two independent torques, analogous to the snapping of an elastic band. A parameterization based on occupation of angular momentum states according to statistical theory describes the full range of experimental data well. This insight into the role of spin in nuclear fission is not only important for the fundamental understanding and theoretical description of fission, but also has consequences for the γ-ray heating problem in nuclear reactors13,14, for the study of the structure of neutron-rich isotopes15,16, and for the synthesis and stability of super-heavy elements17,18.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Wilson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France.
| | - D Thisse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - M Lebois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - N Jovančević
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - D Gjestvang
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Canavan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - M Rudigier
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - R-B Gerst
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - E Adamska
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Adsley
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - A Algora
- IFIC, CSIC-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Institute for Nuclear Research (Atomki), Debrecen, Hungary
| | - M Babo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - K Belvedere
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - J Benito
- Grupo de Fisica Nuclear & IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Blazhev
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Boso
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - S Bottoni
- INFN, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bunce
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - R Chakma
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | | | - S Courtin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - P Davies
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C Delafosse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - M Fallot
- Subatech, IMT-Atlantique, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - B Fornal
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Fraile
- Grupo de Fisica Nuclear & IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gottardo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy
| | - V Guadilla
- Subatech, IMT-Atlantique, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - G Häfner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France.,Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Hauschild
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - M Heine
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Henrich
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I Homm
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Ibrahim
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - Ł W Iskra
- INFN, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - S Jazrawi
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - A Korgul
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Koseoglou
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, Germany.,GSI Helmoltzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Kröll
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - L Le Meur
- Subatech, IMT-Atlantique, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - S Leoni
- INFN, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - J Ljungvall
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - A Lopez-Martens
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - R Lozeva
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - I Matea
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - K Miernik
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Nemer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - S Oberstedt
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Geel, Belgium
| | - W Paulsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Piersa
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Y Popovitch
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - C Porzio
- INFN, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L Qi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - D Ralet
- Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds, Caen, France
| | - P H Regan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - K Rezynkina
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Sánchez-Tembleque
- Grupo de Fisica Nuclear & IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Siem
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Schmitt
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - P-A Söderström
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, Germany.,Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - C Sürder
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Tocabens
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - V Vedia
- Grupo de Fisica Nuclear & IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Verney
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJC Laboratory, Orsay, France
| | - N Warr
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Wasilewska
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Wiederhold
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Physik, Institut für Kernphysik, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Yavahchova
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - F Zeiser
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Ziliani
- INFN, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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4
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Carroll RJ, Podolyák Z, Berry T, Grawe H, Alexander T, Andreyev AN, Ansari S, Borge MJG, Brunet M, Creswell JR, Fraile LM, Fahlander C, Fynbo HOU, Gamba ER, Gelletly W, Gerst RB, Górska M, Gredley A, Greenlees PT, Harkness-Brennan LJ, Huyse M, Judge SM, Judson DS, Konki J, Kurcewicz J, Kuti I, Lalkovski S, Lazarus IH, Lică R, Lund M, Madurga M, Marginean N, Marginean R, Marroquin I, Mihai C, Mihai RE, Nácher E, Negret A, Nita C, Pascu S, Page RD, Patel Z, Perea A, Phrompao J, Piersa M, Pucknell V, Rahkila P, Rapisarda E, Regan PH, Rotaru F, Rudigier M, Shand CM, Shearman R, Stegemann S, Stora T, Sotty C, Tengblad O, Van Duppen P, Vedia V, Wadsworth R, Walker PM, Warr N, Wearing F, De Witte H. Competition between Allowed and First-Forbidden β Decay: The Case of ^{208}Hg→^{208}Tl. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:192501. [PMID: 33216605 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.192501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The β decay of ^{208}Hg into the one-proton hole, one neutron-particle _{81}^{208}Tl_{127} nucleus was investigated at CERN-ISOLDE. Shell-model calculations describe well the level scheme deduced, validating the proton-neutron interactions used, with implications for the whole of the N>126, Z<82 quadrant of neutron-rich nuclei. While both negative and positive parity states with spin 0 and 1 are expected within the Q_{β} window, only three negative parity states are populated directly in the β decay. The data provide a unique test of the competition between allowed Gamow-Teller and Fermi, and first-forbidden β decays, essential for the understanding of the nucleosynthesis of heavy nuclei in the rapid neutron capture process. Furthermore, the observation of the parity changing 0^{+}→0^{-}β decay where the daughter state is core excited is unique, and can provide information on mesonic corrections of effective operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Carroll
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Zs Podolyák
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Berry
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - H Grawe
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Alexander
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - A N Andreyev
- University of York, Dept Phys, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - S Ansari
- Institut für Kernphysik der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - M J G Borge
- CERN, Physics Department, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M Brunet
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - J R Creswell
- Department of Physics, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - L M Fraile
- Grupo de Física Nuclear & IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Fahlander
- Department of Physics, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - H O U Fynbo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - E R Gamba
- University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - W Gelletly
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - R-B Gerst
- Institut für Kernphysik der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - M Górska
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Gredley
- Department of Physics, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P T Greenlees
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L J Harkness-Brennan
- Department of Physics, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M Huyse
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S M Judge
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - D S Judson
- Department of Physics, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J Konki
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Kurcewicz
- CERN, Physics Department, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - I Kuti
- Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - S Lalkovski
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - I H Lazarus
- STFC, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - R Lică
- CERN, Physics Department, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Horea Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - M Lund
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Madurga
- CERN, Physics Department, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - N Marginean
- Horea Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Marginean
- Horea Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - I Marroquin
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 113 bis, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Mihai
- Horea Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - R E Mihai
- Horea Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - E Nácher
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 113 bis, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Negret
- Horea Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Nita
- University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
- Horea Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - S Pascu
- Horea Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - R D Page
- Department of Physics, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - Z Patel
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - A Perea
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 113 bis, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Phrompao
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Chiang Mai University, 50200 Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - M Piersa
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, PL 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - V Pucknell
- STFC, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - P Rahkila
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Physics, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Rapisarda
- CERN, Physics Department, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - P H Regan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - F Rotaru
- Horea Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - M Rudigier
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - C M Shand
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - R Shearman
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - S Stegemann
- Institut für Kernphysik der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - T Stora
- CERN, Physics Department, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Ch Sotty
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Horea Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - O Tengblad
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano 113 bis, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Van Duppen
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Vedia
- Grupo de Física Nuclear & IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Wadsworth
- University of York, Dept Phys, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - P M Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - N Warr
- Institut für Kernphysik der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - F Wearing
- Department of Physics, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - H De Witte
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Fruet G, Courtin S, Heine M, Jenkins DG, Adsley P, Brown A, Canavan R, Catford WN, Charon E, Curien D, Della Negra S, Duprat J, Hammache F, Lesrel J, Lotay G, Meyer A, Montanari D, Morris L, Moukaddam M, Nippert J, Podolyák Z, Regan PH, Ribaud I, Richer M, Rudigier M, Shearman R, de Séréville N, Stodel C. Advances in the Direct Study of Carbon Burning in Massive Stars. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:192701. [PMID: 32469543 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.192701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ^{12}C+^{12}C fusion reaction plays a critical role in the evolution of massive stars and also strongly impacts various explosive astrophysical scenarios. The presence of resonances in this reaction at energies around and below the Coulomb barrier makes it impossible to carry out a simple extrapolation down to the Gamow window-the energy regime relevant to carbon burning in massive stars. The ^{12}C+^{12}C system forms a unique laboratory for challenging the contemporary picture of deep sub-barrier fusion (possible sub-barrier hindrance) and its interplay with nuclear structure (sub-barrier resonances). Here, we show that direct measurements of the ^{12}C+^{12}C fusion cross section may be made into the Gamow window using an advanced particle-gamma coincidence technique. The sensitivity of this technique effectively removes ambiguities in existing measurements made with gamma ray or charged-particle detection alone. The present cross-section data span over 8 orders of magnitude and support the fusion-hindrance model at deep sub-barrier energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fruet
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67037, France
- CNRS, UMR7178, Strasbourg F-67037, France
| | - S Courtin
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67037, France
- CNRS, UMR7178, Strasbourg F-67037, France
- USIAS/Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67083, France
| | - M Heine
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67037, France
- CNRS, UMR7178, Strasbourg F-67037, France
| | - D G Jenkins
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - P Adsley
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A Brown
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - R Canavan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW110 LW, United Kingdom
| | - W N Catford
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - E Charon
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - D Curien
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67037, France
- CNRS, UMR7178, Strasbourg F-67037, France
| | - S Della Negra
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - J Duprat
- Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris Sud, UMR 8609-CNRS/IN2P3, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Hammache
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - J Lesrel
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Lotay
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - A Meyer
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D Montanari
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67037, France
- CNRS, UMR7178, Strasbourg F-67037, France
- USIAS/Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67083, France
| | - L Morris
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - M Moukaddam
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - J Nippert
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67037, France
- CNRS, UMR7178, Strasbourg F-67037, France
| | - Zs Podolyák
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - P H Regan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW110 LW, United Kingdom
| | - I Ribaud
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Richer
- IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67037, France
- CNRS, UMR7178, Strasbourg F-67037, France
| | - M Rudigier
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - R Shearman
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW110 LW, United Kingdom
| | - N de Séréville
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - C Stodel
- GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, Caen F-14076, France
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6
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Collins SM, Shearman R, Ivanov P, Regan PH. The impact of high-energy tailing in high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry on the activity determination of 224Ra using the 241.0 keV emission. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 157:109021. [PMID: 31889679 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
High-energy tailing is an often-overlooked component in high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry when performing the non-linear least squares fit of a full-energy peak. This component comes from the incomplete restoration of the baseline prior to the next pulse being processed and therefore is an issue of increased count rates. In the current work, the impact of this oversight is shown through the dynamics and decay characteristics of 224Ra and its radioactive decay progeny. Multiple measurements of two samples, separated from the decay progeny and at differing activities, have been made. The results of full-energy peak fitting of the convoluted 238.6 keV and 241.0 keV full-energy peaks with and without the high energy tailing component are presented. Trends in the observed activity that approximate the ingrowth of 212Pb have been observed where no high-energy tailing component is used, with maximum relative differences of 2% and 5% determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - R Shearman
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - P H Regan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
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7
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Collins SM, Shearman R, Keightley JD, Regan PH. Investigation of γ-γ coincidence counting using the National Nuclear Array (NANA) as a primary standard. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 134:290-296. [PMID: 28843735 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The National Physical Laboratory has recently been in the process of commissioning a multi-detector γ ray array - the National Nuclear Array (NANA). In this study we have sought to exploit the NANA and the excellent timing characteristics of its intrinsic LaBr3(Ce) scintillation detectors for use as a primary standardisation system. For this initial investigation, the absolute standardisation of 60Co has been performed by the γ-γ coincidence technique using NANA and the result compared to the established 4π(LS)-γ Digital Coincidence Counting (DCC) system. The effect of the angular correlation of the stretched E2 transitions emitted from the 4+→2+→0 states of 60Ni on the activity determined by NANA was observed between the pairs of detectors. Corrections for these angular correlations were derived through Monte Carlo simulations. An activity per unit mass by NANA of 330.8 (10) kBqg-1 for the 60Co solution was determined. There was no significant statistical difference between the results of NANA and the 4π(LS)-γ DCC, with a relative difference of 0.04% observed. This study shows that NANA can be used as a primary standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - R Shearman
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - J D Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - P H Regan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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8
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Wu J, Nishimura S, Lorusso G, Möller P, Ideguchi E, Regan PH, Simpson GS, Söderström PA, Walker PM, Watanabe H, Xu ZY, Baba H, Browne F, Daido R, Doornenbal P, Fang YF, Gey G, Isobe T, Lee PS, Liu JJ, Li Z, Korkulu Z, Patel Z, Phong V, Rice S, Sakurai H, Sinclair L, Sumikama T, Tanaka M, Yagi A, Ye YL, Yokoyama R, Zhang GX, Alharbi T, Aoi N, Bello Garrote FL, Benzoni G, Bruce AM, Carroll RJ, Chae KY, Dombradi Z, Estrade A, Gottardo A, Griffin CJ, Kanaoka H, Kojouharov I, Kondev FG, Kubono S, Kurz N, Kuti I, Lalkovski S, Lane GJ, Lee EJ, Lokotko T, Lotay G, Moon CB, Nishibata H, Nishizuka I, Nita CR, Odahara A, Podolyák Z, Roberts OJ, Schaffner H, Shand C, Taprogge J, Terashima S, Vajta Z, Yoshida S. 94 β-Decay Half-Lives of Neutron-Rich _{55}Cs to _{67}Ho: Experimental Feedback and Evaluation of the r-Process Rare-Earth Peak Formation. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:072701. [PMID: 28256889 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.072701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The β-decay half-lives of 94 neutron-rich nuclei ^{144-151}Cs, ^{146-154}Ba, ^{148-156}La, ^{150-158}Ce, ^{153-160}Pr, ^{156-162}Nd, ^{159-163}Pm, ^{160-166}Sm, ^{161-168}Eu, ^{165-170}Gd, ^{166-172}Tb, ^{169-173}Dy, ^{172-175}Ho, and two isomeric states ^{174m}Er, ^{172m}Dy were measured at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory, providing a new experimental basis to test theoretical models. Strikingly large drops of β-decay half-lives are observed at neutron-number N=97 for _{58}Ce, _{59}Pr, _{60}Nd, and _{62}Sm, and N=105 for _{63}Eu, _{64}Gd, _{65}Tb, and _{66}Dy. Features in the data mirror the interplay between pairing effects and microscopic structure. r-process network calculations performed for a range of mass models and astrophysical conditions show that the 57 half-lives measured for the first time play an important role in shaping the abundance pattern of rare-earth elements in the solar system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Nishimura
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - G Lorusso
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- National Physical Laboratory, NPL, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - P Möller
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E Ideguchi
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - P-H Regan
- National Physical Laboratory, NPL, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - G S Simpson
- LPSC, Universite Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
- School of Engineering, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P-A Söderström
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - P M Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - H Watanabe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- IRCNPC, School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Z Y Xu
- Department of Physics, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Baba
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - F Browne
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Daido
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - P Doornenbal
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y F Fang
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - G Gey
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- LPSC, Universite Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin, B.P. 156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - T Isobe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - P S Lee
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - J J Liu
- Department of Physics, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Z Li
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z Korkulu
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 51, Debrecen, H-4001, Hungary
| | - Z Patel
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - V Phong
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Faculty of Physics, VNU Hanoi University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - S Rice
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - H Sakurai
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - L Sinclair
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - T Sumikama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Tanaka
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - A Yagi
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Y L Ye
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - R Yokoyama
- Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - G X Zhang
- IRCNPC, School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - T Alharbi
- Department of Physics, College of Science in Zulfi, Almajmaah University, P.O. Box 1712, 11932, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Aoi
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | | | - G Benzoni
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A M Bruce
- School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - R J Carroll
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - K Y Chae
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Z Dombradi
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 51, Debrecen, H-4001, Hungary
| | - A Estrade
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Gottardo
- Dipartimento di Fisica dellUniversit' degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro I-35020, Italy
| | - C J Griffin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - H Kanaoka
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - I Kojouharov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F G Kondev
- Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S Kubono
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I Kuti
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 51, Debrecen, H-4001, Hungary
| | - S Lalkovski
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - G J Lane
- Department of Nuclear Physics, R.S.P.E., Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 0200, Australia
| | - E J Lee
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - T Lokotko
- Department of Physics, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - G Lotay
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - C-B Moon
- Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 336-795, Korea
| | - H Nishibata
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - I Nishizuka
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - C R Nita
- School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Odahara
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Zs Podolyák
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - O J Roberts
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - H Schaffner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Shand
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - J Taprogge
- Departamento de Fsica Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Terashima
- IRCNPC, School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Z Vajta
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 51, Debrecen, H-4001, Hungary
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
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9
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Podolyák Z, Shand CM, Lalović N, Gerl J, Rudolph D, Alexander T, Boutachkov P, Cortés ML, Górska M, Kojouharov I, Kurz N, Louchart C, Merchán E, Michelagnoli C, Pérez-Vidal RM, Pietri S, Ralet D, Reese M, Schaffner H, Stahl C, Weick H, Ameil F, de Angelis G, Arici T, Carroll R, Dombrádi Z, Gadea A, Golubev P, Lettmann M, Lizarazo C, Mahboub D, Pai H, Patel Z, Pietralla N, Regan PH, Sarmiento LG, Wieland O, Wilson E, Birkenbach B, Bruyneel B, Burrows I, Charles L, Clément E, Crespi FCL, Cullen DM, Désesquelles P, Eberth J, González V, Habermann T, Harkness-Brennan L, Hess H, Judson DS, Jungclaus A, Korten W, Labiche M, Maj A, Mengoni D, Napoli DR, Pullia A, Quintana B, Rainovski G, Reiter P, Salsac MD, Sanchis E, Valiente Dóbon JJ. Role of the Δ Resonance in the Population of a Four-Nucleon State in the ^{56}Fe→^{54}Fe Reaction at Relativistic Energies. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:222302. [PMID: 27925748 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.222302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ^{54}Fe nucleus was populated from a ^{56}Fe beam impinging on a Be target with an energy of E/A=500 MeV. The internal decay via γ-ray emission of the 10^{+} metastable state was observed. As the structure of this isomeric state has to involve at least four unpaired nucleons, it cannot be populated in a simple two-neutron removal reaction from the ^{56}Fe ground state. The isomeric state was produced in the low-momentum (-energy) tail of the parallel momentum (energy) distribution of ^{54}Fe, suggesting that it was populated via the decay of the Δ^{0} resonance into a proton. This process allows the population of four-nucleon states, such as the observed isomer. Therefore, it is concluded that the observation of this 10^{+} metastable state in ^{54}Fe is a consequence of the quark structure of the nucleons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zs Podolyák
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - C M Shand
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - N Lalović
- Department of Physics, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Gerl
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - T Alexander
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - P Boutachkov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M L Cortés
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Górska
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I Kojouharov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Louchart
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Merchán
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Michelagnoli
- GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, F-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - R M Pérez-Vidal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Universitat de Valencia, E-46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - S Pietri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Ralet
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Reese
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Schaffner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch Stahl
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Weick
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Ameil
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G de Angelis
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - T Arici
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - R Carroll
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Zs Dombrádi
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 51, Debrecen H-4001, Hungary
| | - A Gadea
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Universitat de Valencia, E-46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - P Golubev
- Department of Physics, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Lettmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Lizarazo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Mahboub
- Physics Department, University of Hail, PO Box 2440 Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Pai
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Z Patel
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - N Pietralla
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P H Regan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - L G Sarmiento
- Department of Physics, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - O Wieland
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - E Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - B Birkenbach
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - B Bruyneel
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - I Burrows
- STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - L Charles
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Strasbourg, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
| | - E Clément
- GANIL, CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, F-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - F C L Crespi
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D M Cullen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Schuster Laboratory, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - P Désesquelles
- Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse-CSNSM, CNRS/IN2P3 and University Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Campus, France
| | - J Eberth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - V González
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - T Habermann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Harkness-Brennan
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - H Hess
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - D S Judson
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A Jungclaus
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - W Korten
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Labiche
- STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - A Maj
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - D Mengoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D R Napoli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Pullia
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - B Quintana
- Laboratorio de Radiaciones Ionizantes, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - G Rainovski
- Faculty of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P Reiter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - M D Salsac
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Sanchis
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
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10
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Alazemi N, Bajoga AD, Bradley DA, Regan PH, Shams H. Soil radioactivity levels, radiological maps and risk assessment for the state of Kuwait. Chemosphere 2016; 154:55-62. [PMID: 27038900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An evaluation of the radioactivity levels associated with naturally occurring radioactive materials has been undertaken as part of a systematic study to provide a surface radiological map of the State of Kuwait. Soil samples from across Kuwait were collected, measured and analysed in the current work. These evaluations provided soil activity concentration levels for primordial radionuclides, specifically members of the (238)U and (232)Th decay chains and (40)K which. The (238)U and (232)Th chain radionuclides and (40)K activity concentration values ranged between 5.9 ↔ 32.3, 3.5 ↔ 27.3, and 74 ↔ 698 Bq/kg respectively. The evaluated average specific activity concentrations of (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K across all of the soil samples have mean values of 18, 15 and 385 Bq/kg respectively, all falling below the worldwide mean values of 35, 40 and 400 Bq/kg respectively. The radiological risk factors are associated with a mean of 33.16 ± 2.46 nG/h and 68.5 ± 5.09 Bq/kg for the external dose rate and Radium equivalent respectively. The measured annual dose rates for all samples gives rise to a mean value of 40.8 ± 3.0 μSv/y while the internal and internal hazard indices have been found to be 0.23 ± 0.02 and 0.19 ± 0.01 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alazemi
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; Environmental Radiation Protection Laboratory, Qadesiyah, PO Box 16087, Kuwait
| | - A D Bajoga
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; Department of Physics, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria; National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - D A Bradley
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - P H Regan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - H Shams
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; Environmental Radiation Protection Laboratory, Qadesiyah, PO Box 16087, Kuwait
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11
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Lorusso G, Shearman R, Regan PH, Judge SM, Bell S, Collins SM, Larijani C, Ivanov P, Jerome SM, Keightley JD, Lalkovski S, Pearce AK, Podolyak Z. Development of the NPL gamma-ray spectrometer NANA for traceable nuclear decay and structure studies. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 109:507-511. [PMID: 26795270 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We present a brief report on the progress towards the construction of the National Nuclear Array (NANA), a gamma-ray coincidence spectrometer for discrete-line nuclear structure and decay measurements. The proposed spectrometer will combine a gamma-ray energy resolution of approximately 3% at 1MeV with sub-nanosecond timing discrimination between successive gamma rays in mutually coincident decay cascades. We also review a number of recent measurements using coincidence fast-timing gamma-ray spectroscopy for nuclear structure studies, which have helped to inform the design criteria for the NANA spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lorusso
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - R Shearman
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - P H Regan
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - S M Judge
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - S Bell
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - C Larijani
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - S M Jerome
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - J D Keightley
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - S Lalkovski
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - A K Pearce
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Zs Podolyak
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
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12
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Shams H, Bajoga AD, Alazemi N, Bradley DA, Regan PH. A preliminary evaluation of naturally occurring radioactivity concentration levels across the State of Kuwait. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 109:479-481. [PMID: 26717795 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An evaluation of naturally occurring radioactive materials has been undertaken as part of a systematic study to provide a surface radiological map of the State of Kuwait. Soil samples were collected from twelve locations across Kuwait and analysed using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. The (226)Ra and (235)U specific activity concentrations have been determined and used to estimate the (235)U/(238)U isotopic ratios which are found to be comparable to that expected for naturally occurring uranium material.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shams
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; Environmental Radiation Protection Laboratory, Qadesiyah, Kuwait; National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - A D Bajoga
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria; National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
| | - N Alazemi
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; Environmental Radiation Protection Laboratory, Qadesiyah, Kuwait
| | - D A Bradley
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - P H Regan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK; National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
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13
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Collins SM, Harms AV, Regan PH. Half-life determination of the ground state decay of ¹¹¹Ag. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 108:143-147. [PMID: 26720263 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The radioactive decay half-life of the β(-)-emitter (111)Ag has been measured using decay transitions identified using a high purity germanium γ-ray spectrometer. The time series of measurements of the net peak areas of the 96.8 keV, 245.4 keV and 342.1 keV γ-ray emissions following the β(-) decay of (111)Ag were made over approximately 23 days, i.e. ~3 half-life periods. The measured half-life of the ground state decay of (111)Ag was determined as 7.423 (13) days which is consistent with the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) recommended half-life of 7.45 (1) days at k=2. Utilising all available experimental half-life values, a revised recommended half-life of 7.452 (12) days has been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Collins
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
| | - A V Harms
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - P H Regan
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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14
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Zakari-Issoufou AA, Fallot M, Porta A, Algora A, Tain JL, Valencia E, Rice S, Bui VM, Cormon S, Estienne M, Agramunt J, Äystö J, Bowry M, Briz JA, Caballero-Folch R, Cano-Ott D, Cucoanes A, Elomaa VV, Eronen T, Estévez E, Farrelly GF, Garcia AR, Gelletly W, Gomez-Hornillos MB, Gorlychev V, Hakala J, Jokinen A, Jordan MD, Kankainen A, Karvonen P, Kolhinen VS, Kondev FG, Martinez T, Mendoza E, Molina F, Moore I, Perez-Cerdán AB, Podolyák Z, Penttilä H, Regan PH, Reponen M, Rissanen J, Rubio B, Shiba T, Sonzogni AA, Weber C. Total Absorption Spectroscopy Study of (92)Rb Decay: A Major Contributor to Reactor Antineutrino Spectrum Shape. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:102503. [PMID: 26382674 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The antineutrino spectra measured in recent experiments at reactors are inconsistent with calculations based on the conversion of integral beta spectra recorded at the ILL reactor. (92)Rb makes the dominant contribution to the reactor antineutrino spectrum in the 5-8 MeV range but its decay properties are in question. We have studied (92)Rb decay with total absorption spectroscopy. Previously unobserved beta feeding was seen in the 4.5-5.5 region and the GS to GS feeding was found to be 87.5(25)%. The impact on the reactor antineutrino spectra calculated with the summation method is shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-A Zakari-Issoufou
- SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - M Fallot
- SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - A Porta
- SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - A Algora
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de Valencia), Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Nuclear Research, MTA ATOMKI, Debrecen, 4026 Hungary
| | - J L Tain
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de Valencia), Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - E Valencia
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de Valencia), Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - S Rice
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, United Kingdom
| | - V M Bui
- SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - S Cormon
- SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - M Estienne
- SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - J Agramunt
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de Valencia), Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Äystö
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Bowry
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, United Kingdom
| | - J A Briz
- SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | | | - D Cano-Ott
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cucoanes
- SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - V-V Elomaa
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - T Eronen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - E Estévez
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de Valencia), Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - G F Farrelly
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, United Kingdom
| | - A R Garcia
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - W Gelletly
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de Valencia), Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, United Kingdom
| | | | - V Gorlychev
- Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Hakala
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A Jokinen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M D Jordan
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de Valencia), Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Kankainen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - P Karvonen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - V S Kolhinen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - F G Kondev
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - T Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Mendoza
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales Y Tecnológicas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Molina
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de Valencia), Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - I Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - A B Perez-Cerdán
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de Valencia), Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Zs Podolyák
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, United Kingdom
| | - H Penttilä
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - P H Regan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU27XH, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - M Reponen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Rissanen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - B Rubio
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-Universitat de Valencia), Apartado Correos 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - T Shiba
- SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - A A Sonzogni
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - C Weber
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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15
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Patel Z, Söderström PA, Podolyák Z, Regan PH, Walker PM, Watanabe H, Ideguchi E, Simpson GS, Liu HL, Nishimura S, Wu Q, Xu FR, Browne F, Doornenbal P, Lorusso G, Rice S, Sinclair L, Sumikama T, Wu J, Xu ZY, Aoi N, Baba H, Bello Garrote FL, Benzoni G, Daido R, Fang Y, Fukuda N, Gey G, Go S, Gottardo A, Inabe N, Isobe T, Kameda D, Kobayashi K, Kobayashi M, Komatsubara T, Kojouharov I, Kubo T, Kurz N, Kuti I, Li Z, Matsushita M, Michimasa S, Moon CB, Nishibata H, Nishizuka I, Odahara A, Şahin E, Sakurai H, Schaffner H, Suzuki H, Takeda H, Tanaka M, Taprogge J, Vajta Z, Yagi A, Yokoyama R. Isomer decay spectroscopy of 164Sm and 166Gd: midshell collectivity around N=100. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:262502. [PMID: 25615314 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.262502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Excited states in the N=102 isotones 166Gd and 164Sm have been observed following isomeric decay for the first time at RIBF, RIKEN. The half-lives of the isomeric states have been measured to be 950(60) and 600(140) ns for 166Gd and 164Sm, respectively. Based on the decay patterns and potential energy surface calculations, including β6 deformation, a spin and parity of 6- has been assigned to the isomeric states in both nuclei. Collective observables are discussed in light of the systematics of the region, giving insight into nuclear shape evolution. The decrease in the ground-band energies of 166Gd and 164Sm (N=102) compared to 164Gd and 162Sm (N=100), respectively, presents evidence for the predicted deformed shell closure at N=100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Patel
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom and RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - P-A Söderström
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zs Podolyák
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - P H Regan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom and National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - P M Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - H Watanabe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in the Cosmos, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China and School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - E Ideguchi
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan and Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - G S Simpson
- LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - H L Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - S Nishimura
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Q Wu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - F R Xu
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - F Browne
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4JG, United Kingdom
| | - P Doornenbal
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - G Lorusso
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Rice
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom and RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - L Sinclair
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - T Sumikama
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - J Wu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Z Y Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Aoi
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan and Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - H Baba
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - G Benzoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Daido
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Y Fang
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - N Fukuda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - G Gey
- LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, F-38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - S Go
- Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Gottardo
- Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - N Inabe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Isobe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Kameda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Komatsubara
- Research Facility Center for Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan and Rare Isotope Science Project, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - I Kojouharov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Kubo
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I Kuti
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 51, Debrecen H-4001, Hungary
| | - Z Li
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - M Matsushita
- Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Michimasa
- Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - C-B Moon
- Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 336-795, Korea
| | - H Nishibata
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - I Nishizuka
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - A Odahara
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - E Şahin
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Sakurai
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Schaffner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Suzuki
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Takeda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - J Taprogge
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, E-28006 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zs Vajta
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 51, Debrecen H-4001, Hungary
| | - A Yagi
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-machi 1-1, Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka, Japan
| | - R Yokoyama
- Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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16
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Jerome SM, Ivanov P, Larijani C, Parker DJ, Regan PH. The production of Neptunium-236g. J Environ Radioact 2014; 138:315-322. [PMID: 24731718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Radiochemical analysis of (237)Np is important in a number of fields, such as nuclear forensics, environmental analysis and measurements throughout the nuclear fuel cycle. However analysis is complicated by the lack of a stable isotope of neptunium. Although various tracers have been used, including (235)Np, (239)Np and even (236)Pu, none are entirely satisfactory. However, (236g)Np would be a better candidate for a neptunium yield tracer, as its long half-life means that it is useable as both a radiometric and mass spectrometric measurements. This radionuclide is notoriously difficult to prepare, and limited in scope. In this paper, we examine the options for the production of (236g)Np, based on work carried out at NPL since 2011. However, this work was primarily aimed at the production of (236)Pu, and not (236g)Np and therefore the rate of production are based on the levels of (236)Pu generated in the irradiation of (i) (238)U with protons, (ii) (235)U with deuterons, (iii) (236)U with protons and (iv) (236)U with deuterons. The derivation of a well-defined cross section is complicated by the relevant paucity of information on the variation of the (236m)Np:(236g)Np production ratio with incident particle energy. Furthermore, information on the purity of (236g)Np so produced is similarly sparse. Accordingly, the existing data is assessed and a plan for future work is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jerome
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 OLW, United Kingdom.
| | - P Ivanov
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 OLW, United Kingdom
| | - C Larijani
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 OLW, United Kingdom
| | - D J Parker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - P H Regan
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 OLW, United Kingdom; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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17
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Santawamaitre T, Malain D, Al-Sulaiti HA, Bradley DA, Matthews MC, Regan PH. Determination of (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K activity concentrations in riverbank soil along the Chao Phraya river basin in Thailand. J Environ Radioact 2014; 138:80-86. [PMID: 25195170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentrations of (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K in riverbank soil along the Chao Phraya river basin was determined through gamma-ray spectrometry measurements made using a hyper-pure germanium detector in a low background configuration. The ranges of activity concentrations of (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K were found to be 13.9 ↔ 76.8, 12.9 ↔ 142.9 and 178.4 ↔ 810.7 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The anthropogenic radionuclide, (137)Cs, was not observed in statistically significant amounts above the background level in the current study. The absorbed gamma dose rate in air at 1 m above the ground surface, the outdoor annual effective dose equivalent, the values of the radium equivalent activity and the external hazard index associated with all the soil samples in the present work were evaluated. The results indicate that the radiation hazard from primordial radionuclides in all soil samples from the area studied in this current work is not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Santawamaitre
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - D Malain
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - H A Al-Sulaiti
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - M C Matthews
- Centre for Environmental Health Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - P H Regan
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK.
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18
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Grodner E, Gadea A, Sarriguren P, Lenzi SM, Grebosz J, Valiente-Dobón JJ, Algora A, Górska M, Regan PH, Rudolph D, de Angelis G, Agramunt J, Alkhomashi N, Amon Susam L, Bazzacco D, Benlliure J, Benzoni G, Boutachkov P, Bracco A, Caceres L, Cakirli RB, Crespi FCL, Domingo-Pardo C, Doncel M, Dombrádi Z, Doornenbal P, Farnea E, Ganioğlu E, Gelletly W, Gerl J, Gottardo A, Hüyük T, Kurz N, Leoni S, Mengoni D, Molina F, Morales AI, Orlandi R, Oktem Y, Page RD, Perez D, Pietri S, Podolyák Z, Poves A, Quintana B, Rinta-Antila S, Rubio B, Nara Singh BS, Steer AN, Verma S, Wadsworth R, Wieland O, Wollersheim HJ. Hindered Gamow-Teller decay to the odd-odd N=Z (62)Ga: absence of proton-neutron T=0 condensate in A=62. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:092501. [PMID: 25215980 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.092501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Search for a new kind of superfluidity built on collective proton-neutron pairs with aligned spin is performed studying the Gamow-Teller decay of the T=1, J(π)=0+ ground state of (62)Ge into excited states of the odd-odd N=Z nucleus (62)Ga. The experiment is performed at GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Shwerionenforshung with the (62)Ge ions selected by the fragment separator and implanted in a stack of Si-strip detectors, surrounded by the RISING Ge array. A half-life of T1/2=82.9(14) ms is measured for the (62)Ge ground state. Six excited states of (62)Ga, populated below 2.5 MeV through Gamow-Teller transitions, are identified. Individual Gamow-Teller transition strengths agree well with theoretical predictions of the interacting shell model and the quasiparticle random phase approximation. The absence of any sizable low-lying Gamow-Teller strength in the reported beta-decay experiment supports the hypothesis of a negligible role of coherent T=0 proton-neutron correlations in (62)Ga.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Grodner
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland and Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Gadea
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Legnaro, Italy and Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Sarriguren
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - S M Lenzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, Padova, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - J Grebosz
- Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - A Algora
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain and Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - M Górska
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P H Regan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - D Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - G de Angelis
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Legnaro, Italy
| | - J Agramunt
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Alkhomashi
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - L Amon Susam
- Department of Physics, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Bazzacco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - J Benlliure
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G Benzoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - P Boutachkov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Bracco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - L Caceres
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R B Cakirli
- Department of Physics, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F C L Crespi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - C Domingo-Pardo
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain and GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Doncel
- Laboratorio de Radiaciones Ionizantes,Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - Zs Dombrádi
- Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - P Doornenbal
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Farnea
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Ganioğlu
- Department of Physics, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - W Gelletly
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - J Gerl
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Gottardo
- Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Legnaro, Italy
| | - T Hüyük
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Leoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - D Mengoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università di Padova, Padova, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - F Molina
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain and Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, P.O. Box 188-D, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - A I Morales
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - R Orlandi
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Oktem
- Department of Physics, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - R D Page
- Department of Physics, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Perez
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Pietri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Zs Podolyák
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - A Poves
- Departamento de Física Teórica and IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Quintana
- Laboratorio de Radiaciones Ionizantes,Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - S Rinta-Antila
- Department of Physics, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Rubio
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - B S Nara Singh
- Nuclear Physics Group, Department of Physics, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - A N Steer
- Nuclear Physics Group, Department of Physics, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - S Verma
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Wadsworth
- Nuclear Physics Group, Department of Physics, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - O Wieland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - H J Wollersheim
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
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19
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Britton R, Burnett JL, Davies AV, Regan PH. Maximising the sensitivity of a γ spectrometer for low-energy, low-activity radionuclides using Monte Carlo simulations. J Environ Radioact 2014; 134:1-5. [PMID: 24631843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Monte-Carlo simulations have been utilised to determine the optimum material and thickness for a γ spectrometer to be used for the assay of radionuclides that emit radiation in the 50-300 keV energy range. Both HPGe and LaBr3(Ce) materials were initially considered for use, however the additional background radiation and lack of resolution in the latter drove the selection of HPGe for further optimisation. Multiple thicknesses were considered for the HPGe detector, with the aim of improving the sensitivity of the system by maximising the efficiency for low energy emissions, and reducing the probability of interaction with (and therefore the continuum from) higher energy photons. The minimum amount of material needed to achieve this was found to be 15 mm for a source that is dominated by high energy (>2.614 MeV) photons, and 20-30 mm for a typical reference source (with photons of energy 59.54 keV-2.614 MeV).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Britton
- University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, UK.
| | - J L Burnett
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, UK
| | - A V Davies
- AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, UK
| | - P H Regan
- University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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20
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Morales AI, Benlliure J, Kurtukián-Nieto T, Schmidt KH, Verma S, Regan PH, Podolyák Z, Górska M, Pietri S, Kumar R, Casarejos E, Al-Dahan N, Algora A, Alkhomashi N, Álvarez-Pol H, Benzoni G, Blazhev A, Boutachkov P, Bruce AM, Cáceres LS, Cullen IJ, Denis Bacelar AM, Doornenbal P, Estévez-Aguado ME, Farrelly G, Fujita Y, Garnsworthy AB, Gelletly W, Gerl J, Grebosz J, Hoischen R, Kojouharov I, Kurz N, Lalkovski S, Liu Z, Mihai C, Molina F, Mücher D, Rubio B, Shaffner H, Steer SJ, Tamii A, Tashenov S, Valiente-Dobón JJ, Walker PM, Wollersheim HJ, Woods PJ. Half-life systematics across the N=126 shell closure: role of first-forbidden transitions in the β decay of heavy neutron-rich nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:022702. [PMID: 25062171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.022702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports on a systematic study of β-decay half-lives of neutron-rich nuclei around doubly magic (208)Pb. The lifetimes of the 126-neutron shell isotone (204)Pt and the neighboring (200-202)Ir, (203)Pt, (204)Au are presented together with other 19 half-lives measured during the "stopped beam" campaign of the rare isotope investigations at GSI collaboration. The results constrain the main nuclear theories used in calculations of r-process nucleosynthesis. Predictions based on a statistical macroscopic description of the first-forbidden β strength reveal significant deviations for most of the nuclei with N<126. In contrast, theories including a fully microscopic treatment of allowed and first-forbidden transitions reproduce more satisfactorily the trend in the measured half-lives for the nuclei in this region, where the r-process pathway passes through during β decay back to stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Morales
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Benlliure
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T Kurtukián-Nieto
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - K-H Schmidt
- GSI, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Verma
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P H Regan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom and National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Z Podolyák
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - M Górska
- GSI, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Pietri
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - R Kumar
- GSI, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany and IFAC, New Delhi, India
| | - E Casarejos
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - N Al-Dahan
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - A Algora
- IFIC, CSIC-Universidad de Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain and Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen H-4001, Hungary
| | - N Alkhomashi
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - H Álvarez-Pol
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G Benzoni
- INFN, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A Blazhev
- IKP, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - P Boutachkov
- GSI, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A M Bruce
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - L S Cáceres
- GSI, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I J Cullen
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - A M Denis Bacelar
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - P Doornenbal
- GSI, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M E Estévez-Aguado
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G Farrelly
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Y Fujita
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, 560-0043 Osaka, Japan
| | - A B Garnsworthy
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - W Gelletly
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - J Gerl
- GSI, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Grebosz
- The Henryk Niewodniczànski Institute of Nuclear Physics, PL-31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - R Hoischen
- Department of Physics, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - I Kojouharov
- GSI, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Lalkovski
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Z Liu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Mihai
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), RO-077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F Molina
- IFIC, CSIC-Universidad de Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - D Mücher
- IKP, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - B Rubio
- IFIC, CSIC-Universidad de Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - H Shaffner
- GSI, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S J Steer
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - A Tamii
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University, 567-0047 Osaka, Japan
| | - S Tashenov
- GSI, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - P M Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | | | - P J Woods
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
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21
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Gottardo A, Valiente-Dobón JJ, Benzoni G, Nicolini R, Gadea A, Lunardi S, Boutachkov P, Bruce AM, Górska M, Grebosz J, Pietri S, Podolyák Z, Pfützner M, Regan PH, Weick H, Alcántara Núñez J, Algora A, Al-Dahan N, de Angelis G, Ayyad Y, Alkhomashi N, Allegro PRP, Bazzacco D, Benlliure J, Bowry M, Bracco A, Bunce M, Camera F, Casarejos E, Cortes ML, Crespi FCL, Corsi A, Denis Bacelar AM, Deo AY, Domingo-Pardo C, Doncel M, Dombradi Z, Engert T, Eppinger K, Farrelly GF, Farinon F, Farnea E, Geissel H, Gerl J, Goel N, Gregor E, Habermann T, Hoischen R, Janik R, Klupp S, Kojouharov I, Kurz N, Lenzi SM, Leoni S, Mandal S, Menegazzo R, Mengoni D, Million B, Morales AI, Napoli DR, Naqvi F, Nociforo C, Prochazka A, Prokopowicz W, Recchia F, Ribas RV, Reed MW, Rudolph D, Sahin E, Schaffner H, Sharma A, Sitar B, Siwal D, Steiger K, Strmen P, Swan TPD, Szarka I, Ur CA, Walker PM, Wieland O, Wollersheim HJ, Nowacki F, Maglione E, Zuker AP. New isomers in the full seniority scheme of neutron-rich lead isotopes: the role of effective three-body forces. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:162502. [PMID: 23215071 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.162502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The neutron-rich lead isotopes, up to (216)Pb, have been studied for the first time, exploiting the fragmentation of a primary uranium beam at the FRS-RISING setup at GSI. The observed isomeric states exhibit electromagnetic transition strengths which deviate from state-of-the-art shell-model calculations. It is shown that their complete description demands the introduction of effective three-body interactions and two-body transition operators in the conventional neutron valence space beyond (208)Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gottardo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro I-35020, Italy.
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22
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Anagnostatou V, Regan PH, Werner V, Xu FR, Dong GX, Bunce MR, McCarthy D, Bettermann L, Boniwell C, Casperson R, Chevrier R, Cooper N, Heinz A, Paurstein P, Radeck D, Smith MK, Williams E. Electromagnetic transition rates in 100,101Pd using the Recoil Doppler Shift Technique. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:1321-4. [PMID: 22182628 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The quadrupole deformations for the low-lying states in the transitional nuclei 100,101Pd have been deduced through the measurement of their electric quadrupole transition probabilities using the Recoil Distance Doppler Shift Method. The nuclei were studied using a 268 MeV 80Se beam impinging on a thin, self-supporting 24Mg target. States in 100Pd and 101Pd populated by the four and three neutron evaporation channels respectively, with reaction gamma-rays detected using the SPEEDY gamma-ray detection array. The recoiling nuclei were stopped in a copper foil and gamma-ray coincidence data taken at 10 separate target-stopper distances between 35 μm and 750 μm. The mean-lifetimes for the lowest lying 2+ (in 100Pd) and 15/2- (in 101Pd) states were measured to be 13.3(9) ps and 10.8(8) ps respectively. These data are compared with predictions from nuclear Total Routhian Surface calculations, which are found to agree with the experimentally deduced values to within 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Anagnostatou
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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23
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Nara Singh BS, Liu Z, Wadsworth R, Grawe H, Brock TS, Boutachkov P, Braun N, Blazhev A, Górska M, Pietri S, Rudolph D, Domingo-Pardo C, Steer SJ, Ataç A, Bettermann L, Cáceres L, Eppinger K, Engert T, Faestermann T, Farinon F, Finke F, Geibel K, Gerl J, Gernhäuser R, Goel N, Gottardo A, Grębosz J, Hinke C, Hoischen R, Ilie G, Iwasaki H, Jolie J, Kaşkaş A, Kojouharov I, Krücken R, Kurz N, Merchán E, Nociforo C, Nyberg J, Pfützner M, Prochazka A, Podolyák Z, Regan PH, Reiter P, Rinta-Antila S, Scholl C, Schaffner H, Söderström PA, Warr N, Weick H, Wollersheim HJ, Woods PJ, Nowacki F, Sieja K. 16+ spin-gap isomer in 96Cd. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:172502. [PMID: 22107511 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.172502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A β-decaying high-spin isomer in (96)Cd, with a half-life T(1/2)=0.29(-0.10)(+0.11) s, has been established in a stopped beam rare isotope spectroscopic investigations at GSI (RISING) experiment. The nuclei were produced using the fragmentation of a primary beam of (124)Xe on a (9)Be target. From the half-life and the observed γ decays in the daughter nucleus, (96)Ag, we conclude that the β-decaying state is the long predicted 16(+) "spin-gap" isomer. Shell-model calculations, using the Gross-Frenkel interaction and the πν(p(1/2),g(9/2)) model space, show that the isoscalar component of the neutron-proton interaction is essential to explain the origin of the isomer. Core excitations across the N=Z=50 gaps and the Gamow-Teller strength, B(GT) distributions have been studied via large-scale shell-model calculations using the πν(g,d,s) model space to compare with the experimental B(GT) value obtained from the half-life of the isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Nara Singh
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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24
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Nakhostin M, Podolyak Z, Regan PH, Walker PM. A digital method for separation and reconstruction of pile-up events in germanium detectors. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:103507. [PMID: 21034091 DOI: 10.1063/1.3499241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The problem of pulse pile-up is very often encountered in precise measurements of γ-rays using germanium detectors. The standard method of treating the pile-up events is to identify and reject them using an appropriate electronic system. Digital acquisition techniques now allow the recording of waveforms of pile-up events that can be analyzed and the contributing single pulses recovered, rather than simply tolerating the losses associated with pile-up. In this paper, a method for the off-line digital processing of pile-up events from germanium detectors is demonstrated. The method is based on an appropriate fitting of the detector signals, shaped with a suitable digital pulse shaper. It is shown that the method is able to recover the pile-up events with good accuracy even when the constituent signals are in close proximity. The method is very useful for γ-ray spectroscopy in nuclear physics experiments, where the low intensity signals can be lost due to the pile-up in a high-rate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakhostin
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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25
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Jungclaus A, Cáceres L, Górska M, Pfützner M, Pietri S, Werner-Malento E, Grawe H, Langanke K, Martínez-Pinedo G, Nowacki F, Poves A, Cuenca-García JJ, Rudolph D, Podolyak Z, Regan PH, Detistov P, Lalkovski S, Modamio V, Walker J, Bednarczyk P, Doornenbal P, Geissel H, Gerl J, Grebosz J, Kojouharov I, Kurz N, Prokopowicz W, Schaffner H, Wollersheim HJ, Andgren K, Benlliure J, Benzoni G, Bruce AM, Casarejos E, Cederwall B, Crespi FCL, Hadinia B, Hellström M, Hoischen R, Ilie G, Jolie J, Khaplanov A, Kmiecik M, Kumar R, Maj A, Mandal S, Montes F, Myalski S, Simpson GS, Steer SJ, Tashenov S, Wieland O. Observation of isomeric decays in the r-process waiting-point nucleus 130Cd82. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:132501. [PMID: 17930581 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The gamma decay of excited states in the waiting-point nucleus (130)Cd(82) has been observed for the first time. An 8(+) two-quasiparticle isomer has been populated both in the fragmentation of a (136)Xe beam as well as in projectile fission of 238U, making (130)Cd the most neutron-rich N = 82 isotone for which information about excited states is available. The results, interpreted using state-of-the-art nuclear shell-model calculations, show no evidence of an N = 82 shell quenching at Z = 48. They allow us to follow nuclear isomerism throughout a full major neutron shell from (98)Cd(50) to (130)Cd(82) and reveal, in comparison with (76)Ni(48) one major proton shell below, an apparently abnormal scaling of nuclear two-body interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jungclaus
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Regan PH, Beausang CW, Zamfir NV, Casten RF, Zhang JY, Yamamoto AD, Caprio MA, Gürdal G, Hecht AA, Hutter C, Krücken R, Langdown SD, Meyer DA, Ressler JJ. Signature for vibrational to rotational evolution along the yrast line. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:152502. [PMID: 12732029 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.152502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple method for discerning the evolution from vibrational to rotational structure in nuclei as a function of spin. The prescription is applied to the yrast cascades in the A approximately 110 region and a clear transition from vibrational to rotational motion is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Regan
- Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8124, USA
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27
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Regan PH, Arrison JW, Hüttmeier UJ, Balamuth DP. Yrast gamma -ray spectroscopy of the neutron rich isotopes 61,63Co. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 54:1084-1097. [PMID: 9971441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.54.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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28
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Pohl KR, Regan PH, Bush JE, Raines PE, Balamuth DP, Ward D, Galindo-Uribarri A, Janzen VP, Mullins SM, Pilotte S. High-spin states in 107Pd, 108Pd, and 109Ag. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 53:2682-2700. [PMID: 9971255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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29
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Curtis N, Murphy AS, Clarke NM, Freer M, Fulton BR, Hall SJ, Leddy MJ, Pople JS, Tungate G, Ward RP, Catford WN, Gyapong GJ, Singer SM, Chappell SP, Fox SP, Jones CD, Watson DL, Rae WD, Simmons PM, Regan PH. Evidence for a highly deformed band in 16O+16O breakup of 32S. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1996; 53:1804-1810. [PMID: 9971131 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.53.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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30
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Vaska P, Beausang CW, Fossan DB, Hughes JR, Ma R, Paul ES, Poynter RJ, Regan PH, Wadsworth R, Forbes SA, Mullins SM, Nolan PJ. High-spin structure of 139Eu. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 52:1270-1277. [PMID: 9970631 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.52.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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31
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Purry CS, Walker PM, Dracoulis GD, Kibédi T, Bayer S, Bruce AM, Byrne AP, Dasgupta M, Gelletly W, Kondev F, Regan PH, Thwaites C. Rotation of an eight-quasiparticle isomer. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:406-409. [PMID: 10060013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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32
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Simmons PM, Rae WD, Chappell SP, Fox SP, Jones CD, Watson DL, Freer M, Fulton BR, Clarke NM, Curtis N, Leddy MJ, Pople JS, Hall SJ, Ward RP, Tungate G, Catford WN, Gyapong GJ, Singer SM, Regan PH. Search for a 7- alpha chain state. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 51:3500-3503. [PMID: 9970459 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.3500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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33
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Freer M, Clarke NM, Curtis N, Fulton BR, Hall SJ, Leddy MJ, Pople JS, Tungate G, Ward RP, Simmons PM, Rae WD, Chappell SP, Fox SP, Jones CD, Watson DL, Gyapong GJ, Singer SM, Catford WN, Regan PH. 8Be and alpha decay of 16O. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 51:1682-1692. [PMID: 9970236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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34
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Regan PH, Dracoulis GD, Byrne AP, Lane GJ, Kibédi T, Walker PM, Bruce AM. High-K structures in 136Sm. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 51:1745-1753. [PMID: 9970243 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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35
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Chappell SP, Watson DL, Fox SP, Jones CD, Rae WD, Simmons PM, Freer M, Fulton BR, Clarke NM, Curtis N, Leddy MJ, Pople JS, Hall SJ, Ward RP, Tungate G, Catford WN, Gyapong GJ, Singer SM, Regan PH. 12C+12C "6 alpha -chain state" resonance. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1995; 51:695-700. [PMID: 9970115 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.51.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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36
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Bruce AM, Walker PM, Regan PH, Dracoulis GD, Byrne AP, Kibèdi T, Lane GJ, Yeung KC. A K pi =8(-) isomer in 136Sm. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 50:480-482. [PMID: 9969680 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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37
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Regan PH, Middleton JS, Pohl KR, Bush JE, Raines PE, Balamuth DP, Mullins SM, Ward D, Galindo-Uribarri A, Janzen VP, Pilotte S. Rotational bands and neutron alignments in neutron rich odd-A cadmium isotopes. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 49:1885-1895. [PMID: 9969417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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38
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Pohl KR, Regan PH, Arrison JW, Balamuth DP. Origin of correlations between evaporation protons and discrete gamma rays in heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1994; 49:1372-1378. [PMID: 9969359 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.49.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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39
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Cullen DM, Riley MA, Alderson A, Ali I, Beausang CW, Bengtsson T, Bentley MA, Fallon P, Forsyth PD, Hanna F, Mullins SM, Nazarewicz W, Poynter RJ, Regan PH, Roberts JW, Satula W, Sharpey-Schafer JF, Simpson J, Sletten G, Twin PJ, Wadsworth R, Wyss R. Cullen et al. reply. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 67:1175. [PMID: 10045096 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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40
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Mullins SM, Wyss RA, Fallon P, Byrski T, Curien D, Forbes SA, He YJ, Metcalfe MS, Nolan PJ, Paul ES, Poynter RJ, Regan PH, Wadsworth R. Superdeformation and double blocking in 142Eu. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 66:1677-1680. [PMID: 10043279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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41
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Regan PH, Wyss R, Wadsworth R, Fossan DB, He YJ, Hughes JR, Jenkins I, Ma R, Metcalf MS, Mullins SM, Nolan PJ, Paul ES, Poynter RJ, Xu N. Lifetime measurements in 135Sm: Large deformation in the N=6 intruder band and evidence for quenched proton pairing. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1990; 42:1805-1808. [PMID: 9966918 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.42.r1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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42
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Cullen DM, Riley MA, Alderson A, Ali I, Beausang CW, Bengtsson T, Bentley MA, Fallon P, Forsyth PD, Hanna F, Mullins SM, Nazarewicz W, Poynter RJ, Regan PH, Roberts JW, Satula W, Sharpey-Schafer JF, Simpson J, Sletten G, Twin PJ, Wadsworth R, Wyss R. Landau-Zener crossing in superdeformed 193Hg: Evidence for octupole correlations in superdeformed nuclei. Phys Rev Lett 1990; 65:1547-1550. [PMID: 10042298 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.65.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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