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Ric-Varas P, Paniagua C, López-Casado G, Molina-Hidalgo FJ, Schückel J, Knox JP, Blanco-Portales R, Moyano E, Muñoz-Blanco J, Posé S, Matas AJ, Mercado JA. Suppressing the rhamnogalacturonan lyase gene FaRGLyase1 preserves RGI pectin degradation and enhances strawberry fruit firmness. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:108294. [PMID: 38159547 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Plant rhamnogalacturonan lyases (RGLyases) cleave the backbone of rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI), the "hairy" pectin and polymer of the disaccharide rhamnose (Rha)-galacturonic acid (GalA) with arabinan, galactan or arabinogalactan side chains. It has been suggested that RGLyases could participate in remodeling cell walls during fruit softening, but clear evidence has not been reported. To investigate the role of RGLyases in strawberry softening, a genome-wide analysis of RGLyase genes in the genus Fragaria was performed. Seventeen genes encoding RGLyases with functional domains were identified in Fragaria × ananassa. FaRGLyase1 was the most expressed in the ripe receptacle of cv. Chandler. Transgenic strawberry plants expressing an RNAi sequence of FaRGLyase1 were obtained. Three transgenic lines yielded ripe fruits firmer than controls without other fruit quality parameters being significantly affected. The highest increase in firmness achieved was close to 32%. Cell walls were isolated from ripe fruits of two selected lines. The amount of water-soluble and chelated pectins was higher in transgenic lines than in the control. A carbohydrate microarray study showed a higher abundance of RGI epitopes in pectin fractions and in the cellulose-enriched fraction obtained from transgenic lines. Sixty-seven genes were differentially expressed in transgenic ripe fruits when compared with controls. These genes were involved in various physiological processes, including cell wall remodeling, ion homeostasis, lipid metabolism, protein degradation, stress response, and defense. The transcriptomic changes observed in FaRGLyase1 plants suggest that senescence was delayed in transgenic fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ric-Varas
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Candelas Paniagua
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gloria López-Casado
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Julia Schückel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rosario Blanco-Portales
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Moyano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Blanco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sara Posé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio J Matas
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - José A Mercado
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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Martínez-Rivas FJ, Blanco-Portales R, Serratosa MP, Ric-Varas P, Guerrero-Sánchez V, Medina-Puche L, Moyano L, Mercado JA, Alseekh S, Caballero JL, Fernie AR, Muñoz-Blanco J, Molina-Hidalgo FJ. FaMYB123 interacts with FabHLH3 to regulate the late steps of anthocyanin and flavonol biosynthesis during ripening. Plant J 2023; 114:683-698. [PMID: 36840368 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we identified and functionally characterized the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) R2R3 MYB transcription factor FaMYB123. As in most genes associated with organoleptic properties of ripe fruit, FaMYB123 expression is ripening-related, receptacle-specific, and antagonistically regulated by ABA and auxin. Knockdown of FaMYB123 expression by RNAi in ripe strawberry fruit receptacles downregulated the expression of enzymes involved in the late steps of anthocyanin/flavonoid biosynthesis. Transgenic fruits showed a parallel decrease in the contents of total anthocyanin and flavonoid, especially malonyl derivatives of pelargonidin and cyanidins. The decrease was concomitant with accumulation of proanthocyanin, propelargonidins, and other condensed tannins associated mainly with green receptacles. Potential coregulation between FaMYB123 and FaMYB10, which may act on different sets of genes for the enzymes involved in anthocyanin production, was explored. FaMYB123 and FabHLH3 were found to interact and to be involved in the transcriptional activation of FaMT1, a gene responsible for the malonylation of anthocyanin components during ripening. Taken together, these results demonstrate that FaMYB123 regulates the late steps of the flavonoid pathway in a specific manner. In this study, a new function for an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, regulating the expression of a gene that encodes a malonyltransferase, has been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix J Martínez-Rivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rosario Blanco-Portales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María P Serratosa
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Ric-Varas
- Department of Plant Biology, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, E-29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Víctor Guerrero-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Laura Medina-Puche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lourdes Moyano
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José A Mercado
- Department of Plant Biology, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, E-29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Ruski Blvd. 139, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - José L Caballero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Ruski Blvd. 139, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Juan Muñoz-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Molina-Hidalgo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
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Paniagua C, Ric-Varas P, García-Gago JA, López-Casado G, Blanco-Portales R, Muñoz-Blanco J, Schückel J, Knox JP, Matas AJ, Quesada MA, Posé S, Mercado JA. Elucidating the role of polygalacturonase genes in strawberry fruit softening. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:7103-7117. [PMID: 32856699 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To disentangle the role of polygalacturonase (PG) genes in strawberry softening, the two PG genes most expressed in ripe receptacles, FaPG1 and FaPG2, were down-regulated. Transgenic ripe fruits were firmer than those of the wild type when PG genes were silenced individually. Simultaneous silencing of both PG genes by transgene stacking did not result in an additional increase in firmness. Cell walls from ripe fruits were characterized by a carbohydrate microarray. Higher signals of homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan I pectin epitopes in polysaccharide fractions tightly bound to the cell wall were observed in the transgenic genotypes, suggesting a lower pectin solubilization. At the transcriptomic level, the suppression of FaPG1 or FaPG2 alone induced few transcriptomic changes in the ripe receptacle, but the amount of differentially expressed genes increased notably when both genes were silenced. Many genes encoding cell wall-modifying enzymes were down-regulated. The expression of a putative high affinity potassium transporter was induced in all transgenic genotypes, indicating that cell wall weakening and loss of cell turgor could be linked. These results suggest that, besides the disassembly of pectins tightly linked to the cell wall, PGs could play other roles in strawberry softening, such as the release of oligogalacturonides exerting a positive feedback in softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelas Paniagua
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Pablo Ric-Varas
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan A García-Gago
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gloria López-Casado
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Juan Muñoz-Blanco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Julia Schückel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Antonio J Matas
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Quesada
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara Posé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José A Mercado
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Ric-Varas P, Barceló M, Rivera JA, Cerezo S, Matas AJ, Schückel J, Knox JP, Posé S, Pliego-Alfaro F, Mercado JA. Exploring the Use of Fruit Callus Culture as a Model System to Study Color Development and Cell Wall Remodeling during Strawberry Fruit Ripening. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9070805. [PMID: 32605018 PMCID: PMC7412483 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell cultures derived from strawberry fruit at different developmental stages have been obtained to evaluate their potential use to study different aspects of strawberry ripening. Callus from leaf and cortical tissue of unripe-green, white, and mature-red strawberry fruits were induced in a medium supplemented with 11.3 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) under darkness. The transfer of the established callus from darkness to light induced the production of anthocyanin. The replacement of 2,4-D by abscisic acid (ABA) noticeably increased anthocyanin accumulation in green-fruit callus. Cell walls were isolated from the different fruit cell lines and from fruit receptacles at equivalent developmental stages and sequentially fractionated to obtain fractions enriched in soluble pectins, ester bound pectins, xyloglucans (XG), and matrix glycans tightly associated with cellulose microfibrils. These fractions were analyzed by cell wall carbohydrate microarrays. In fruit receptacle samples, pectins were abundant in all fractions, including those enriched in matrix glycans. The amount of pectin increased from green to white stage, and later these carbohydrates were solubilized in red fruit. Apparently, XG content was similar in white and red fruit, but the proportion of galactosylated XG increased in red fruit. Cell wall fractions from callus cultures were enriched in extensin and displayed a minor amount of pectins. Stronger signals of extensin Abs were detected in sodium carbonate fraction, suggesting that these proteins could be linked to pectins. Overall, the results obtained suggest that fruit cell lines could be used to analyze hormonal regulation of color development in strawberry but that the cell wall remodeling process associated with fruit softening might be masked by the high presence of extensin in callus cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ric-Varas
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (P.R.-V.); (J.A.R.); (S.C.); (A.J.M.); (S.P.); (F.P.-A.)
| | - Marta Barceló
- IFAPA Centro de Málaga, Cortijo de la Cruz s/n, 29140 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Juan A. Rivera
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (P.R.-V.); (J.A.R.); (S.C.); (A.J.M.); (S.P.); (F.P.-A.)
| | - Sergio Cerezo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (P.R.-V.); (J.A.R.); (S.C.); (A.J.M.); (S.P.); (F.P.-A.)
| | - Antonio J. Matas
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (P.R.-V.); (J.A.R.); (S.C.); (A.J.M.); (S.P.); (F.P.-A.)
| | - Julia Schückel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - J. Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Sara Posé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (P.R.-V.); (J.A.R.); (S.C.); (A.J.M.); (S.P.); (F.P.-A.)
| | - Fernando Pliego-Alfaro
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (P.R.-V.); (J.A.R.); (S.C.); (A.J.M.); (S.P.); (F.P.-A.)
| | - José A. Mercado
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (P.R.-V.); (J.A.R.); (S.C.); (A.J.M.); (S.P.); (F.P.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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Moyano E, Martínez-Rivas FJ, Blanco-Portales R, Molina-Hidalgo FJ, Ric-Varas P, Matas-Arroyo AJ, Caballero JL, Muñoz-Blanco J, Rodríguez-Franco A. Genome-wide analysis of the NAC transcription factor family and their expression during the development and ripening of the Fragaria × ananassa fruits. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196953. [PMID: 29723301 PMCID: PMC5933797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
NAC proteins are a family of transcription factors which have a variety of important regulatory roles in plants. They present a very well conserved group of NAC subdomains in the N-terminal region and a highly variable domain at the C-terminus. Currently, knowledge concerning NAC family in the strawberry plant remains very limited. In this work, we analyzed the NAC family of Fragaria vesca, and a total of 112 NAC proteins were identified after we curated the annotations from the version 4.0.a1 genome. They were placed into the ligation groups (pseudo-chromosomes) and described its physicochemical and genetic features. A microarray transcriptomic analysis showed six of them expressed during the development and ripening of the Fragaria x ananassa fruit. Their expression patterns were studied in fruit (receptacle and achenes) in different stages of development and in vegetative tissues. Also, the expression level under different hormonal treatments (auxins, ABA) and drought stress was investigated. In addition, they were clustered with other NAC transcription factor with known function related to growth and development, senescence, fruit ripening, stress response, and secondary cell wall and vascular development. Our results indicate that these six strawberry NAC proteins could play different important regulatory roles in the process of development and ripening of the fruit, providing the basis for further functional studies and the selection for NAC candidates suitable for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enriqueta Moyano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Félix J. Martínez-Rivas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosario Blanco-Portales
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Molina-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Ric-Varas
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Matas-Arroyo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Luis Caballero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Blanco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
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