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Chia R, Kazemian P, Chec L, Bhikadiya B, Sobieraj M, Balatsky A, Moshiyakhov M, Burns P, Barn K. Associations Between Obesity and Outcomes After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Abstract
Gene editing mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 systems is due to become a beneficial therapeutic option for treating genetic diseases and some cancers. However, there are challenges in delivering CRISPR components which necessitate sophisticated delivery systems for safe and effective genome editing. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become an attractive nonviral delivery platform for CRISPR-mediated genome editing due to their low immunogenicity and application flexibility. In this review, we provide a background of CRISPR-mediated gene therapy, as well as LNPs and their applicable characteristics for delivering CRISPR components. We then highlight the challenges of CRISPR delivery, which have driven the significant development of new, safe, and optimized LNP formulations in the past decade. Finally, we discuss considerations for using LNPs to deliver CRISPR and future perspectives on clinical translation of LNP-CRISPR gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Kazemian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Si-Yue Yu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sarah B Thomson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Birkenshaw
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Blair R Leavitt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Colin J D Ross
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Singh V, Riesbeck M, Weaver A, Rosen B, Kazemian P, Moshiyakhov M, Barn K. Utility of Routine Serum LDH After HeartMate 3 Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Siejak P, Smułek W, Fathordobady F, Grygier A, Baranowska HM, Rudzińska M, Masewicz Ł, Jarzębska M, Nowakowski PT, Makiej A, Kazemian P, Drobnik P, Stachowiak B, Jarzębski M, Pratap-Singh A. Multidisciplinary Studies of Folk Medicine "Five Thieves' Oil" (Olejek Pięciu Złodziei) Components. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102931. [PMID: 34069178 PMCID: PMC8155914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the growing interest in natural antibacterial agents, we evaluated the physicochemical and biological properties of the folk medicine known as “five thieves’ oil” (Polish name: olejek pięciu złodziei). Five thieves’ oil consists of a mixture of five oils: rosemary, lemon, clove, eucalyptus, and cinnamon. In this study, we performed gas chromatography, FTIR, and UV–vis spectroscopic analysis, as well as L-a-b color tests, contact angle determination, and surface tension determination. To verify its antibacterial activity, the metabolic activity and changes in cell membrane permeability of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas were studied. As a result, it was found that among the constituent oils, the oils of clove and cinnamon were the least volatile and, at the same time, had the strongest antibacterial activity. However, a mix of all the oils also showed comparable activity, which was even more pronounced for the oils after 4 weeks of aging. This effect can be linked to the high content of terpene derivatives such as eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, which can cause changes in bacterial membrane permeability, affecting cell activity and survival. This study is the first to characterize the constituents of the popular folk medicine five thieves’ oil, confirming and explaining its strong antibacterial activity, thus constituting a significant contribution to contemporary health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Siejak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.); (H.M.B.); (Ł.M.)
| | - Wojciech Smułek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Farahnaz Fathordobady
- Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, 2205, East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (M.J.); (A.P.-S.)
| | - Anna Grygier
- Department of Technology of Plant Origin Food, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (M.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Hanna Maria Baranowska
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.); (H.M.B.); (Ł.M.)
| | - Magdalena Rudzińska
- Department of Technology of Plant Origin Food, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (M.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Łukasz Masewicz
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.); (H.M.B.); (Ł.M.)
| | | | - Piotr T. Nowakowski
- Institute of Pedagogy, Rzeszów University, Jałowego 24, 35-010 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Makiej
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (W.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Pardis Kazemian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, 1103-6270 University Blvd, Biological Sciences Building, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Paweł Drobnik
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135/147, 61-545 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Barbara Stachowiak
- Department of Technology of Plant Origin Food, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (M.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Maciej Jarzębski
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.); (H.M.B.); (Ł.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (M.J.); (A.P.-S.)
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, 2205, East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (M.J.); (A.P.-S.)
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Kos C, Lamba H, Delgado R, Kazemian P, Barn K. Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Kazemian P, Orlov M, Natan S, Gorev M, Wylie J. CONVERSION TO SINUS RHYTHM WITH IBUTILIDE DURING ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH LONG TERM SINUS RHYTHM MAINTENANCE. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kazemian P, Mentink SAM, Rodenburg C, Humphreys CJ. Quantitative secondary electron energy filtering in a scanning electron microscope and its applications. Ultramicroscopy 2007; 107:140-50. [PMID: 16872746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Revised: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional dopant mapping in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has recently attracted attention due to its ability to measure dopant levels rapidly with high spatial resolution while requiring little or no sample preparation. The dopant concentration could be derived from the energy distribution of secondary electrons emitted per doped region. However, the lack of reliable quantification, when standard SEM imaging is used, has so far hindered a wide application of the technique. This paper aims to resolve this problem with quantitative energy-filtering using a through-the-lens (TTL) detector in a field emission gun SEM (FEG-SEM). We have used the linear shift obtained in the SE energy distribution with variable specimen bias using sample containing copper wires, defined as the experimental detector response R(exp), to quantify the energy filtering. Using different experimental conditions, values of (2.42+/-0.04)<or=R(exp)<or=(3.01+/-0.05) were obtained. Results were validated by comparison with calculations obtained from ray-tracing simulations. Recommendations for the linear range of the TTL detector as an energy filter were established on the basis of these results. In addition, using our quantitative energy-filtering capabilities, the potential difference across a Si pn-junction was measured to be 0.81+/-0.10 V, which is in good agreement with the calculated value.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kazemian
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK.
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Abstract
A membrane bound cytochrome b(558) (NADPH oxidase) is a candidate for the oxygen sensor in pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) - putative airway chemoreceptors. Recent electrophysiological studies on NEB from mice with NADPH oxidase deficiency (OD; gp(91phox) knock-out) have shown lack of response of O(2) sensitive K(+) current to hypoxia challenge compared with wild-type (WT) control mice. To assess the effects of oxidase deficiency on the control of ventilation at the whole animal level, respiratory measurements were conducted under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in neonatal OD mice and compared that with the WT control group. Five-day-old OD mice were faster and shallower breathers during normoxia as well as hypoxia. In addition, the maximum hypoxic ventilatory response of the OD mice was lower than that of the WT control group and the peak increase in minute ventilation (.V(max)-.V(normoxia)) was greater in WT control than the OD mice (P=0.02). Since the lung development and NEB morphology in OD mice were comparable to the WT control mice, the observed differences implicate NADPH oxidase as an O(2) sensor involved in neonatal ventilatory control, possibly modulated via pulmonary NEBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kazemian
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5G 1X8
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Abstract
The effects of cadmium, l-arginine (nitric oxide precursor) and N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l -NAME) as a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor and cotreatment of them on rat submandibular secretory function were studied. Pure submandibular saliva was collected intraorally by micro polyethylene cannula from anaesthetized rats using pilocarpine as secretagogue. Fourteen days treatment with 10 mg l(-1)cadmium as cadmium chloride in drinking water caused significant alterations on salivary function. Salivary flow rate, total protein concentration and amylase activity of saliva were decreased while secretion of calcium was increased by cadmium. Two weeks treatment of rats with l -arginine (2.25%) in drinking water caused an increase in submandibular gland weight. Flow rate was reduced by l-NAME. The total protein concentration of saliva was increased by l-arginine while decreased by l-NAME. Calcium concentration of saliva was reduced by l-arginine and increased by l-NAME. Cotreatment of cadmium with l-arginine prevented cadmium-induced reduction of flow rate while l-NAME cotreatment potentiated cadmium-induced reduction of flow rate. l-arginine showed a preventive effect on cadmium-induced decrease of protein concentration and reached control levels. l-arginine potentiated cadmium-induced increase of saliva calcium concentration. It is confirmed that nitric oxide (NO) has a role in salivary gland function. It is also concluded that cadmium inhibitory effects on salivary gland function are modulated by the NO system as it is observed that the cadmium inhibitory effect on submandibular gland function is diminished by l-arginine and extended by l-NAME. Considering the properties of cadmium substitution for calcium in many intracellular events, different types of alterations can be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6451, Tehran, Iran.
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Macri J, Kazemian P, Kulinski A, Rudy D, Aiton A, Thibert RJ, Adeli K. Translocational status of ApoB in the presence of an inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 276:1035-47. [PMID: 11027587 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies demonstrating that microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity is critical to apoB secretion, there is still controversy as to whether MTP directly facilitates the translocation of apoB across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through either the recruitment of lipids and/or chaperone activity. In the present study, a specific inhibitor of MTP (BMS 197636) was utilized in HepG2 cells to investigate whether a direct relationship exists between the translocation of apoB across the ER membrane and the lipid-transferring activity of MTP. Inhibition of MTP (with 10 and 50 nmol/L of the inhibitor) did not significantly affect the translocation of newly synthesized apoB (P = 0.77) or the translocational efficiency of the steady-state apoB mass (P = 0.45), despite a 49% decrease in apoB secretion and increased proteosomal degradation. These results compared well with subcellular fractionation experiments which showed no significant change in the fraction of apoB accumulated in the lumen of isolated microsomes in MTP-treated cells (P = 0.35). In summary, MTP lipid transfer activity does not appear to influence translocational status of apoB, but its inhibition is associated with an increased susceptibility to proteasome-mediated degradation and reduced assembly and secretion of apoB lipoprotein particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Macri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
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Cavallo D, Taghibiglou C, Van Iderstine S, Mangaloglu L, Kazemian P, Pontrelli L, Cheung R, Adeli K. Acute inhibition of VLDL-apoB secretion by atorvastatin in primary hamster hepatocytes. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)80179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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