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Singh PP, Anmol, Suresh PS, Sharma U. NADES extraction, UHPLC-ELSD-based quantification, and network pharmacology-guided target identification of fourteen specialised metabolites from Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D.Don. Phytochem Anal 2024. [PMID: 38659229 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D.Don is a folk medicinal herb rich in structurally diverse steroidal saponins. The annual demand for this herb in India is about 200-500 metric tons, highlighting the need for a thorough quality assessment. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to develop an easy and reliable ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (UHPLC-ELSD)-based quality assessment method with 14 specialised metabolites of T. govanianum and identify the potential targets of this herb using network pharmacology. MATERIAL AND METHODS A UHPLC-ELSD method was developed and validated with 14 markers of T. govanianum. The developed method and natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)-assisted extraction were utilised for the recovery enhancement study of targeted specialised metabolites from rhizome samples (collected from five geographically distinct areas). In addition, the network pharmacology approach was performed for these 14 markers to predict the plausible biological targets of T. govanianum. RESULT The developed method showed good linearity (r2: 0.940-0.998), limit of detection (LOD) (2.4-9.0 μg), limit of quantification (LOQ) (7.92-29.7 μg), precision (intra-day relative standard deviations [RSDs] 0.77%-1.96% and inter-day RSDs 2.19-4.97%), and accuracy (83.24%-118.90%). NADES sample TG-1* showed the highest recovery (yield: 167.66 ± 4.39 mg/g of dry weight) of total saponin content (TSC) as compared to its hydroethanolic extract (yield: 103.95 ± 5.36 mg/g of dry weight). Sample TG-1* was the most favourable (yield: 167.66 ± 4.39 mg/g) in terms of TSC as compared to other analysed samples (32.68 ± 1.04-88.22 ± 6.79 mg/g). Govanoside D (yield: 3.43-28.06 mg/g), 22β-hydroxyprotodioscin (yield: 3.22-114.79 mg/g), and dioscin (yield: 1.07-20.82 mg/g) were quantified as the major metabolites. Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis of targeted 14 markers indicated that these molecules could be possible therapeutic agents for managing neuralgia, diabetes mellitus, and hyperalgesia. CONCLUSION The current study represents the first report for the simultaneous quantification and a network pharmacology-based analysis of 14 chemical marker compounds isolated from T. govanianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi Pal Singh
- C-H Activation and Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anmol
- C-H Activation and Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- C-H Activation and Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation and Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Suresh PS, Sun X, Zhou Z, Zhang Q. Spatial Proteomics Reveals Alcohol-Induced Damages to the Crypts and Villi of the Mouse Small Intestine. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 38655769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption perturbs the gut immune barrier and ultimately results in alcoholic liver diseases, but little is known about how immune-related cells in the gut are perturbed in this process. In this study, we employed laser capture microdissection and a label-free proteomics approach to investigate the consequences of alcohol exposure to the proteomes of crypts and villi in the proximal small intestine. Intestinal tissues from alcohol-fed and pair-fed mice were microdissected to selectively capture cells in the crypts and villi regions, followed by one-pot protein digestion and data-independent LC-MS/MS analysis. We successfully identified over 3000 proteins from each of the crypt or villi regions equivalent to ∼3000 cells. Analysis of alcohol-treated tissues indicated an enhanced alcohol metabolism and reduced levels of α-defensins in crypts, alongside increased lipid metabolism and apoptosis in villi. Immunofluorescence imaging further corroborated the proteomic findings. Our work provides a detailed profiling of the proteomic changes in the compartments of the mouse small intestine and aids in molecular-level understanding of alcohol-induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Xinguo Sun
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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Pal Singh P, Shivprasad Suresh P, Anmol, Sharma U. Corrigendum to "Govanosides C-F, unprecedented steroidal saponins with rare sugars from rhizomes of Trillium govanianum and their antagonistic effects on acetylcholinesterase" [Steroids 199 (2023) 109293]. Steroids 2024; 204:109396. [PMID: 38531285 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi Pal Singh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Anmol
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Suresh PS, Kumari S, Sahal D, Sharma U. Innate functions of natural products: A promising path for the identification of novel therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115748. [PMID: 37666044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In the course of evolution, living organisms have become well equipped with diverse natural products that serve important functions, including defence from biotic and abiotic stress, growth regulation, reproduction, metabolism, and epigenetic regulation. It seems to be the organism's ecological niche that influences the natural product's structural and functional diversity. Indeed, natural products constitute the nuts and bolts of molecular co-evolution and ecological relationships among different life forms. Since natural products in the form of specialized secondary metabolites exhibit biological functions via interactions with specific target proteins, they can provide a simultaneous glimpse of both new therapeutics and therapeutic targets in humans as well. In this review, we have discussed the innate role of natural products in the ecosystem and how this intrinsic role provides a futuristic opportunity to identify new drugs and therapeutic targets rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Surekha Kumari
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Singh PP, Suresh PS, Anmol, Sharma U. Govanosides C-F, unprecedented steroidal saponins with rare sugars from rhizomes of Trillium govanianum and their antagonistic effects on acetylcholinesterase. Steroids 2023; 199:109293. [PMID: 37549778 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Four previously undescribed steroidal saponins named govanosides C-F (1-4) and nine known compounds (5-13) were isolated from the rhizomes of Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D.Don. Govanosides C-E contained a rare sugar moiety i.e., 6-deoxy allose, while govanoside F has acetylated rhamnose moiety in its glycan part. Also, this is the first report on the isolation of feruloyl sucrose derivatives (11-12) and (E)-4-hydroxy-dodec-2-enedioic acid (13) from the Trillium genus. The structure of isolated compounds was deduced using 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, LC-MS/MS, GC-MS, and saccharide linkage analysis. Steroidal scaffold isolates (1-10) were evaluated for their antagonistic effects on acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Govanoside C (1) significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 2.38 μM). Molecular docking experiments have also been performed to depict the molecule's interaction and binding free energy with acetylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi Pal Singh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Anmol
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Suresh PS, Thakur KG, Sharma U. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation approach to decipher steroidal sapogenins (genus Trillium) derived agonists for glucocorticoid receptor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:55-66. [PMID: 34825633 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2003864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal sapogenins (SS) are structural analogues of steroidal drugs, which are frequently used for the treatment of several diseases including reproductive, malignancies, neurological, and inflammation-related diseases. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a nuclear receptor that regulates development, metabolism, and inflammation, in response to steroidal ligands. Therefore, GR is considered as a potential therapeutic target for steroidal agents to the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. We hypothesized that SS may act as an agonist for GR due to structural similarity with corticosteroids. In this study, we carried out in silico screening of various SS from the genus Trillium to check their potential as an agonist for GR. Our data suggest that out of 42 SS, only 7 molecules have interacted with GR. However, molecular mechanics with generalized Born and surface area (MM-GBSA) analysis revealed that only two SS (SS 38 and SS 39) molecules bind favorably to GR. Among these, SS 38 (docking score: -9.722 Kcal/mol and MM-GBSA ΔGbind: -50.192 Kcal/mol) and SS 39 (docking score: -11.20 Kcal/mol and MM-GBSA ΔGbind: -58.937 Kcal/mol) have best docking and MM-GBSA scores. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies of SS 38, SS 39, and dexamethasone-GR complex revealed that both SS shows hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction with GR over the 120 ns simulation with mild fluctuations. The current study suggests that SS 38 and SS 39 may be further explored as a potential agonist to treat several disease conditions mediated by GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P, India
| | - Krishan Gopal Thakur
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P, India.,Structural Biology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P, India
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Patial V, Katoch S, Chhimwal J, Singh PP, Suresh PS, Padwad Y. Tinospora cordifolia activates PPARγ pathway and mitigates glomerular and tubular cell injury in diabetic kidney disease. Phytomedicine 2021; 91:153663. [PMID: 34358759 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is a common complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease progression. Therefore, therapeutic strategies are desirable to mitigate the progression of disease into more severe consequences. Hypothesis/Purpose:Tinospora cordifolia is a traditionally known antidiabetic plant; however, its effect against DKD remains unexplored. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the efficacy and mechanism of action of Tinospora cordifolia extract (TC) against DKD. METHODS The molecular interaction of the various phytoconstituents of TC with PPARγ were analyzed in silico. The effect of TC was studied on the viability, cell cycle, and gene expressions (PPARγ, TGFβ, and αSMA) in high glucose treated NRK-52E and SV40 MES13 cells. Further, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with TC for eight weeks, and the effects on different biochemical, histological and molecular parameters were studied. RESULTS In silico analysis revealed the integration of various phytoconstituents of TC with PPARγ. It further increased PPARγ and decreased TGFβ and αSMA expressions in NRK-52E and SV40 MES13 cells. In diabetic rats, TC improved the fasting blood glucose, serum urea, and creatinine levels. It also lowered the urine microalbumin and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) levels. Histopathological studies revealed the preventive effect of TC on degenerative changes, mesangial proliferation and glomerular hypertrophy. Further, it reduced the inflammation and fibrotic changes in the kidney tissue estimated by various markers. The kidney tissue and gene expression analysis revealed the augmented levels of PPARγ after TC treatment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, TC exerted the protective effect against DKD by inhibiting inflammation and fibrogenesis through the activation of PPARγ dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. -201002, India.
| | - Swati Katoch
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, H.P., India
| | - Jyoti Chhimwal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. -201002, India
| | - Prithvi Pal Singh
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. -201002, India
| | - Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. -201002, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. -201002, India.
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Suresh PS, Singh PP, Sharma A, Padwad YS, Sharma U. Steroidal saponins of Trillium govanianum: Quality control, pharmacokinetic analysis, and anti-inflammatory activity. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kumari S, Bhatt V, Suresh PS, Sharma U. Cissampelos pareira L.: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 274:113850. [PMID: 33485976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cissampelos pareira, a well-known medicinal climber-plant of the Menispermaceae family, has been extensively used in the traditional medicinal system since the ancient time for the treatment of numerous diseases such as ulcer, wound, rheumatism, fever, asthma, cholera, diarrhoea, inflammation, snakebite, malaria, rabies, and also recommended for blood purification. AIM OF THE REVIEW The main purpose of this review is to provide updated information on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis, pharmacology, and toxicology of C. pareira along with the possible future research. This information will help to provide a foundation for plant-based drug discovery in the near future. MATERIAL AND METHODS The online databases such as Scifinder, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to collect electronically available literature data on C. pareira. Ayurveda text is searched for the traditional uses of this plant in India. The published books are also searched for the information on this plant. Our search was based on traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological potential by using "Cissampelos pareira" as the keyword. RESULTS To date, approximately 54 phytomolecules have been isolated and characterized from C. pareira including mainly isoquinoline alkaloids along with few flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, and fatty acids. The crude extracts of C. pareira have shown various pharmacological activities such as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, antiulcer, antidiabetic, anticancer, antifertility, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antivenom, antimalarial, and immunomodulatory, etc. The chemical fingerprinting of C. pareira carried out using HPTLC, HPLC, UPLC, LC-MS, and GC-MS, revealed the presence of alkaloids (isoquinoline alkaloids), fatty acids, and flavonoid glycosides. Moreover, the toxicological assessment of C. pareira has been moderately investigated, which requires further comprehensive studies. CONCLUSION Comprehensive literature survey reveals that till date, remarkable growth has been made on phytochemistry and pharmacology of C. pareira reflecting the great medicinal potential of this plant. Although some of the traditional uses have been well clarified and documented by modern pharmacological analysis, the correlation between its pharmacological activities and particular phytoconstituents still needs to be validated. Furthermore, there is partial data available on most of the pharmacological studies, along with incomplete toxicological screening. Future research needs to pay more attention to pharmacological studies of C. pareira via pre-clinical and clinical trials. Additionally, scientific validation of traditional knowledge of C. pareira is vital for ensuring safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action before clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surekha Kumari
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vinod Bhatt
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India
| | - Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Suresh PS, Singh PP, Padwad YS, Sharma U. Steroidal saponins from Trillium govanianum as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory agents. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:487-495. [PMID: 33793831 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide the scientific basis for the utility of rhizome of Trillium govanianum as nutraceutical supplements in managing physiological glycemic levels. METHODS The in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity of the extract, fractions, and the isolated steroidal saponins from the rhizome part of T. govanianum was carried out against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV. The molecular interactions, binding score, and pharmacokinetic parameters (absorption, distribution metabolism, and excretion) of steroidal saponins were analyzed by the Schrodinger molecular docking software. KEY FINDINGS Current study explained that the extract, fractions, and isolated steroidal saponins from T. govanianum possess good α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity while moderate dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity. Moreover, in vitro results revealed that borassoside E (IC50 7.15 ± 1.78 μM), protodioscin (IC50 6.72 ± 0.04 μM), and diosgenin (IC50 12.75 ± 2.70 μM) are most effective in inhibiting the activity of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV, respectively. Current in silico and in vitro studies established an association between the steroidal saponins from T. govanianum and their molecular interactions with α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV. CONCLUSION The results of this investigation suggest that fractions and steroidal saponins from T. govanianum exhibit good antidiabetic activity which could be used as nutraceutical supplements for the management of systemic glucose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, India.,Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P., India
| | - Prithvi Pal Singh
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P., India
| | - Yogendra S Padwad
- Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P., India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P., India
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Singh PP, Bora PS, Suresh PS, Bhatt V, Sharma U. Qualitative and quantitative determination of steroidal saponins in Trillium govanianum by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and UHPLC-ELSD. Phytochem Anal 2020; 31:861-873. [PMID: 32488904 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trillium govanianum (Nag Chhatri and Teen Patra) is traditionally used for curing joint pains, wounds, and sexual disorders. Steroidal saponins are the main active components of this species. However, only a small amount of information is available about steroidal saponins of this plant. OBJECTIVE To develop an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (UHPLC-ELSD) methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of steroidal saponins in T. govanianum. METHOD The dried rhizomes of T. govanianum (100 mg) were extracted with ethanol-water (80:20, 10 mL) by ultrasonic treatment for 30 min at 40°C. The prepared sample was analysed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and UHPLC-ELSD for the qualitative and quantitative determination of steroidal saponins. RESULT A total of 24 saponins were identified using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS; seven of them were characterised by comparing with standards. Furthermore, five saponins [govanoside B (2), protodioscin (6), pennogenin tetraglycosides (11), borassoside E (21) and borassoside D (24)] were quantified using UHPLC-ELSD method in different extracts and fractions of T. govanianum. The method showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.993), limit of detection (0.92-4.09 μg/mL), limit of quantification (3.1-13.5 μg/mL), precision [intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 4.3% and inter-day RSDs < 5.5%], and accuracy (84.0-110.3%). This is the first report on the quantification of 2, 6, 11, 21 and 24 in T. govanianum. CONCLUSION The present study provides an efficient analytical method for the identification and quantification of steroidal saponins and will be helpful for the quality evaluation of T. govanianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi Pal Singh
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Prateek Singh Bora
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Bhatt
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi Pal Singh
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Patil Shivprasad Suresh
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Prateek Singh Bora
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Vinod Bhatt
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division and AcSIR, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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Saini NK, Suresh PS, Lella M, Bhamidipati RK, Rajagopal S, Mullangi R. LC-MS/MS determination of tideglusib, a novel GSK-3β inhibitor in mice plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in mice. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 148:100-107. [PMID: 28982059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, specific and rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of tideglusib in mice plasma using warfarin as an internal standard (I.S.) as per regulatory guidelines. Sample preparation was accomplished through liquid-liquid extraction process. Chromatographic separation was performed on Atlantis dC18 column using mobile phase A (acetonitrile) and B (5mM ammonium acetate in water) in a flow-gradient mode. Elution of tideglusib and the I.S. occurred at ∼2.06 and 1.29min, respectively. The total chromatographic run time was 3.2min. A linear response function was established in the concentration range of 20.2-1008ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were in the range of 4.61-12.6 and 6.04-11.8%, respectively. This novel method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Saini
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India
| | - P S Suresh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India
| | - Mahalakhsmi Lella
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India
| | - Ravi Kanth Bhamidipati
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India
| | - Sriram Rajagopal
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India
| | - Ramesh Mullangi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India.
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Todmal U, Suresh PS, Zainuddin M, Kanth Bhamidipati R, Samanta SK, Hallur G, Rajagopal S, Rajagopal S, Mullangi R. Validated LC-MS-MS Method for Determination of SF0034 in Mice Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study in Mice. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:750-756. [PMID: 28383683 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive assay method has been developed and validated using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in the positive-ion mode for the estimation of SF0034 in mice plasma. The assay procedure involves a simple protein precipitation of SF0034 and tolbutamide (internal standard, IS) from mice plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Atlantis dC18 column using an isocratic mobile phase comprising 0.2% formic acid:acetonitrile (10:90, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.60 mL/min. The total run time was 2.5 min. For mass spectrometric detection, the multiple reaction monitoring was used and ion transitions monitored were m/z 322 → 248 for SF0034 and 271 → 155 for IS. Method validation was performed as per regulatory guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. A calibration curve was constructed in the range of 2.08-2,078 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision was in the range of 1.06-14.4% and 7.16-11.7%, respectively. This novel method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Todmal
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India
| | - P S Suresh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India
| | - Mohd Zainuddin
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India
| | - Ravi Kanth Bhamidipati
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India
| | - Swapan Kumar Samanta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India
| | - Gurulingappa Hallur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India
| | - Sridharan Rajagopal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India
| | - Sriram Rajagopal
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India
| | - Ramesh Mullangi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560022, India
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15
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Giri KK, Suresh PS, Saim SM, Zainuddin M, Bhamidipati RK, Dewang P, Hallur MS, Rajagopal S, Rajagopal S, Mullangi R. Validation of an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous detection of four HDAC inhibitors - belinostat, panobinostat, rocilinostat and vorinostat in mouse plasma and its application to a mouse pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [PMID: 27925271 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and rapid LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation of four HDAC inhibitors, namely belinostat (BST), panobinostat (PST), rocilinostat (RST) and vorinostat (VST), in mouse plasma as per regulatory guidelines. The analytes and internal standard were extracted from 50 μL mouse plasma by protein precipitation, followed by chromatographic separation using an Atlantis C18 column with an isocratic mobile phase comprising 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile (25:75, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min within 2.5 min. Detection and quantitation were done by multiple reaction monitoring on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer following the transitions: m/z 319 → 93, 350 → 158, 434 → 274 and 265 → 232 for BST, PST, RST and VST, respectively, in the positive ionization mode. The calibration curves were linear from 2.92 to 2921 ng/mL for BST and PST and from 1.01 to 1008 ng/mL for RST and VST with r2 ≥ 0.99 for all of the analytes. The intra- and inter-batch accuracy and precision (CV) across quality controls varied from 85.5 to 112% and from 2.30 to 12.5, respectively, for all of the analytes. Analytes were found to be stable under different stability conditions. The method was applied to an i.v. pharmacokinetic study in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpesh Kumar Giri
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Bangalore, India
| | - P S Suresh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Bangalore, India
| | - Syed Mohd Saim
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohd Zainuddin
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi Kanth Bhamidipati
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Bangalore, India
| | - Purushottam Dewang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Bangalore, India
| | - Mahanandeesha S Hallur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Bangalore, India
| | - Sridharan Rajagopal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Bangalore, India
| | - Sriram Rajagopal
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramesh Mullangi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Industrial Suburb, Bangalore, India
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Suresh PS, Devaraj VC, Srinivas NR, Mullangi R. Review of bioanalytical assays for the quantitation of various HDAC inhibitors such as vorinostat, belinostat, panobinostat, romidepsin and chidamine. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [PMID: 27511598 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors) are used to treat malignancies such as cutaneous T cell lymphoma and peripheral T cell lymphoma. Only four drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, namely vorinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat and belinostat, while chidamide has been approved in China. There are a number of bioanalytical methods reported for the measurement of HDAC inhibitors in clinical (human plasma and serum) and preclinical (mouse plasma, rat plasma, urine and tissue homogenates, etc.) studies. This review covers various HDAC inhibitors such as vorinostat, romidepsin, panobinostat, belinostat and chidamide. In addition to providing a comprehensive review of the available methods for the above mentioned HDAC inhibitors, it also provides case studies with perspectives for chosen drugs. Based on the review, it is concluded that the published methodologies using either HPLC or LC-MS/MS are well suited for the quantification of HDAC inhibitors in various biological fluids to delineate pharmacokinetic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Suresh
- Jubilant Biosys, 2nd Stage, Bangalore, India
| | - V C Devaraj
- Jubilant Biosys, 2nd Stage, Bangalore, India
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Srinivas NR, Richter W, Devaraj VC, Suresh PS, Bhamdipati RK, Mullangi R. Infusion Rate Dependent Pharmacokinetics of Bendamustine with Altered Formation of γ-hydroxybendamustine (M3) Metabolite Following 30- and 60-min Infusion of Bendamustine in Rats. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2016; 66:351-6. [PMID: 27120083 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bendamustine is an alkylating agent administered as 1 h intravenous infusion in the clinic for the treatment of malignant haematological cancers. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of bendamustine and its key cytochrome P 450 (CYP) 1A2 mediated γ-hydroxybendamustine (M3) metabolite after 30- and 60-min intravenous infusion of bendamustine in rats. 2 groups were assigned to receive bendamustine either as 30- or 60-min infusion and doses were normalized to 15 mg/kg for the sake of statistical evaluation. Serial pharmacokinetic samples were collected and were analysed for the circulatory levels of bendamustine and its M3 metabolite. Standard pharmacokinetic parameters were generated for bendamustine and its M3 metabolite. Regardless of the intravenous regimens, Cmax coincided with end of infusion for both bendamustine and its M3 metabolite. Immediately after stoppage of infusion, a rapid decline in the plasma levels occurred for both bendamustine and M3 metabolite. The Cmax and AUC0-∞ parameters for bendamustine after 60-min infusion were 1.90 and 1.34-fold higher; while CL was lower by 1.32-fold as compared to the 30-min infusion. In contrast, the Cmax and AUC0-∞ after 30-min infusion for the M3 metabolite was 2.15- and 2.78-fold greater; while CL was 2.32-fold lower when compared to the 60-min infusion. However, T1/2 and Vz values were similar between the 2 intravenous treatments for bendamustine or the M3 metabolite. The data unequivocally confirmed the existence of differential pharmacokinetics of bendamustine and its M3 metabolite as the function of the duration of intravenous infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Srinivas
- Suramus Bio, Drug Development, I Phase, J.P. Nagar, Bangalore, India
| | - W Richter
- TUBE Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Leberstr. 20, Wien, Austria
| | - V C Devaraj
- Jubilant Biosys, 2nd Stage, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, India
| | - P S Suresh
- Jubilant Biosys, 2nd Stage, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, India
| | - R K Bhamdipati
- Jubilant Biosys, 2nd Stage, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, India
| | - R Mullangi
- Jubilant Biosys, 2nd Stage, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, India
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Suresh PS, Mullangi R, Sukumaran SK. Highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of galantamine in rat plasma: application to pharmacokinetic studies in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1633-40. [PMID: 24801995 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and highly sensitive assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of galantamine (GLM) in rat plasma using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in the positive-ion mode. The assay procedure involves a simple liquid-liquid extraction of GLM and phenacetin (internal standard, IS) from rat plasma using acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved with 0.2% formic acid:acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.60 mL/min on an Atlantis dC18 column with a total run time 2.5 min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 288.10 → 213.10 for GLM and 180.10 → 110.10 for IS. Method validation was performed as per United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The lower limit of quantitation achieved was 0.12 ng/mL and linearity was observed from 0.12 to 525 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precision were in the ranges of 4.73-11.7 and 5.83-8.64%, respectively. This novel method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Suresh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Vels University, Chennai, 600117, India
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Suresh PS, Dixit A, Giri S, Rajagopal S, Mullangi R. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitation of indomethacin in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:496-501. [PMID: 23059909 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and rapid bioanalytical method has been developed and validated for the estimation of indomethacin in rat plasma with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in the positive-ion mode. The assay procedure involves a simple liquid-liquid extraction of indomethacin and phenacetin (internal standard, IS) from rat plasma with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved with 0.2% formic acid-acetonitrile (25:75, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.60 mL/min on an Atlantis dC18 column with a total run time 3.0 min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 357.7 → 139.1 for indomethacin and 180.20 → 110.10 for IS. Method validation and pharmacokinetic study plasma analysis were performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The lower limit of quantitation achieved was 0.51 ng/mL and the linearity was observed from 0.51 to 25.5 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions were in the range of 1.00-10.2 and 5.88-9.80%, respectively. This novel method has been applied to an oral pharmacokinetic study in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Suresh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys, 2nd Stage, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore, India
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Suresh PS, Punde RR, Gupta M, Dixit A, Giri S, Rajagopal S, Mullangi R. A highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of S-raclopride in rat plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:930-7. [PMID: 21154642 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and rapid assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of S-(-)-raclopride (S-RCP) in rat plasma with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode. The assay procedure involves a simple liquid-liquid extraction technique for extraction of S-RCP and phenacetin (internal standard, IS) from rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved with 0.2% formic acid : acetonitrile (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.30 mL/min on a Phenomenex Prodigy C(18) column with a total run time of 4.5 min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 347.2 → 112.1 for S-RCP and 180.1 → 110.1 for IS. Method validation and pre-clinical sample analysis were performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The lower limit of quantitation achieved was 0.05 ng/mL and the linearity range was extended from 0.05 to 152 ng/mL in rat plasma. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were 0.23-10.5 and 3.74-7.29%, respectively. This novel method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study of S-RCP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Suresh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd, 2nd Stage, Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore-560 022, India
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Zhao W, Low HY, Suresh PS. Cross-linked and chemically functionalized polymer supports by reactive reversal nanoimprint lithography. Langmuir 2006; 22:5520-4. [PMID: 16732686 DOI: 10.1021/la052523w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A new format of polymer support having cross-linked polymeric micro- and nanoarrays has been fabricated via reactive reversal nanoimprint lithography. Reactive reversal nanoimprint lithography is a relatively simple method to imprint highly cross-linked and chemically tunable polymers. An array of chloromethyl-functionalized cross-linked polystyrene has been imprinted on hard (silicon) and soft (polymer) substrates, and a model esterification reaction is demonstrated. The imprints have been found to be relatively stable under both static and dynamic stability tests carried out in various organic solvents. The chemical functionality is evenly distributed over the imprinted array. This method of fabricating polymer supports offers a high degree of freedom in terms of the choice of chemical functionality, the types of polymer matrix, and the size of the polymer support. The functional polymer support has potential applications for chemical and biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3, Research Link, Singapore 117602
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Mahmood S, Suresh PS, Carley F, Bruce IN, Tullo AB. Surgically induced necrotising scleritis: report of a case presenting 51 years following strabismus surgery. Eye (Lond) 2002; 16:503-4. [PMID: 12101467 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6700033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the safety and efficacy of phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in eyes affected by uveitis. METHODS A retrospective case series is presented including casenote review and update patient examinations. Patient data were withdrawn from the Uveitis Clinic database. All uveitis patients undergoing phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation from August 1995 to November 2000 were included. A pre-operative preparation protocol was used. Operative and post-operative complications, degree of postoperative inflammation, best-corrected and final visual acuity were the main outcome measures. RESULTS Eighty-six eyes of 75 patients underwent surgery, which in 11 cases was combined with trabeculectomy. Mean follow-up was 24.1 months. Eight eyes (10%) had severe or fibrinous uveitis post-operatively. The mean delay between surgery and return to baseline treatment was 8.6 weeks. Posterior capsule opacification occurred in 42% of eyes and Nd-YAG capsulotomy was required in 21%. Cystoid macular oedema was seen in 2 eyes. Seventy-two per cent of eyes retain a visual acuity of 6/9 or better, and 87% of eyes retain a post-operative improvement of 2 or more lines of Snellen acuity. CONCLUSIONS With careful patient selection, appropriate pre-operative preparation, diligent surgery and close post-operative supervision, phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation is safe and effective in the great majority of eyes with uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Suresh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toronto Western Hospital, Ont
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Prasad TS, Suresh PS, Rodrigues G, Patel M, Moriarty AP. Orbital involvement with angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia--a benign condition for the practising ophthalmologist to be aware of. Eye (Lond) 2000; 14 ( Pt 3A):390-2. [PMID: 11027009 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2000.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Suresh PS, Tullo AB. Herpes simplex keratitis. Indian J Ophthalmol 1999; 47:155-65. [PMID: 10858770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection of the cornea by Herpes simplex virus (HSV) continues to be an important cause of unilateral blindness. Despite considerable progress in the understanding of the virus at cellular and molecular levels, the prospect of prevention still appears to be long way off. The development of non-toxic topical antiviral agents has been an important step forward in management. However, correct diagnosis and treatment, in particular, the avoidance of inappropriate use of topical steroid remains as important as ever. This article reviews the virological and clinical aspects of HSV keratitis including the current concepts of pathogenesis and management.
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Abstract
In 20 varicose vein patients, aged twenty-five to forty-five years, and suffering the disease for more than two years, pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the femoral-dorsalis pedis artery of the lower limbs was measured and compared with that of 20 age-matched normal subjects. Blood pressure and fasting serum total cholesterol level, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were also estimated for these subjects. PWV showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) in varicose vein patients as compared with control subjects. There was no significant difference either in the blood pressure or lipid profile. It appears that neither hypertension nor atherosclerosis is responsible for the increase in PWV in varicosities. On the basis of the present study, it may be suggested that arteries are also involved in the pathogenesis of varicose veins. The involvement of the arterial tree in the pathogenesis of varicose veins, if given due consideration, may add a new dimension to the understanding of many ill-defined facets of this disease.
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